第19講翻譯（講義）-2024年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義（全國通用）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

中考總復(fù)習(xí)一般分為三輪：
1、第一輪復(fù)習(xí)為基礎(chǔ)知識的單元、章節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)。通過第一輪的復(fù)習(xí)，使學(xué)生系統(tǒng)掌握基礎(chǔ)知識、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)和穩(wěn)定的知識框架。
2、第二輪復(fù)習(xí)打破章節(jié)界限實行大單元、小綜合、專題式復(fù)習(xí)。第二輪復(fù)習(xí)絕不是第一輪復(fù)習(xí)的壓縮文檔，而是一個知識點綜合、鞏固、完善、提高的過程。復(fù)習(xí)的主要任務(wù)及目標(biāo)是：完成各部分知識的條理，歸納，糅合，使各部分知識成為一個有機的整體。
3、第三輪復(fù)習(xí)是知識、能力深化鞏固的階段。復(fù)習(xí)資料的組織以中考題及模擬題為主，回扣教材，查缺補漏，進(jìn)行強化訓(xùn)練。同時，要教給學(xué)生一些必備的應(yīng)試技巧和方法，使學(xué)生有足夠的自信從容地面對中考。
?第19講翻譯（講義）
【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
1.熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識
2.把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語
3.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟
【考情分析】
翻譯題命題規(guī)律
句子翻譯題是各地中考必考題型，通常以漢譯英為主，有時也考查英譯漢。重點考查同學(xué)們的語言綜合運用能力。相對整套試卷來說，這個題型難度不大，但是得分率不高。主要是基礎(chǔ)和方法?？疾榈亩际腔A(chǔ)知識點，要求同學(xué)熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識，把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語。方法問題需要同學(xué)們掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟。
翻譯題解題技巧
一、找考點及固定搭配
同學(xué)們在做翻譯句子的時候，可不能隨心所欲?？吹揭粋€句子，首先就要弄清楚這道題要考我們什么，這里有哪些固定搭配。要知道每個句子通常都會包含幾個知識點或者說固定詞語搭配。大家在做其他題型的時候也可以嘗試這樣做，這有利于知識點的鞏固。舉幾個例子：
熬夜是一一個壞習(xí)慣。
(stay)__________ is a bad habit.
2.如果你在考試中保持冷靜，就會考出好成績。(keep)
If yu（）in the exam, yu will get gd grades.
3.每個人都應(yīng)該在環(huán)保方面發(fā)揮作用。(play)
Everyne shuld（）the envirnmental prtectin.
4.我正在期待著高中的新生活。(lk)
I__the new life f senir high schl
我們一起來分析一下：第一題：題主要考查 “熬夜”也就是stay up這個固定短語的用法；2題考“保持冷靜” keep (yur) cl／keep calm；82題考查短語“發(fā)揮重要作用”play a part in／play a rle in；3題考查短語“期待著……”lk frward t。這是解題的第一步，接下來我們開始第二步。
二、確定時態(tài)語態(tài)
時態(tài)和語態(tài)是我們初中英語學(xué)習(xí)的重點內(nèi)容，也是中考英語考查的熱點。我們從卷面上看，不少同學(xué)常常因為時態(tài)和語態(tài)的錯誤，而導(dǎo)致丟分。因此，大家一定要注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)，根據(jù)句意和時間狀語，來確定時態(tài)語態(tài)，以便確保準(zhǔn)確翻譯。
我們接著分析上面四道題，短語確定之后，就要分析時態(tài)：
1.題是動詞短語放在句首作主語，我們可以想到動名詞作主語，或者是動詞不定式作主語，所以正確答案為Staying up (late)／T stay up(late)；
看2題，涉及到的語法點是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主將從現(xiàn)的原則，所以if從句時態(tài)要用一般現(xiàn)在時即keep (yur) cl／keep calm；
3題我們看到情態(tài)動詞shuld，就可以判斷直接用動詞原形 play a part in／play a rle in；
4題有明顯的時間標(biāo)志“正在”當(dāng)然就是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時了，答案為am lking frward t。
三、把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語
最后一步也很重要，我們說英語很容易受到漢語思維的影響而造成失誤，怎樣才能避免呢？就是需要大家靈活掌握英語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，從基本的五種簡單句開始，這方面的知識在前期文章中有詳細(xì)講解，大家可以搜索查看。在漢譯英中的句型大致包括簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句三種類型。對于簡單句，我們需要弄清主語、謂語、賓語、定語等句子成分；對于并列句，需要把握好并列連詞的運用；對于復(fù)合句，需要辨別狀語從句、名詞性從句、定語從句的不同用法。
舉個簡單的例子：翻譯“你能告訴我他幾歲了嗎？”這個句子是一般疑問句，還要用賓語從句。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，賓語從句要用陳述語序，所以答案為Can yu tell me hw ld he is ？。總之，解題有方法，但是更重要的是我們要有扎實的基礎(chǔ)，在平時的英語學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)們要注意詞匯短語搭配的積累，同時加強漢譯英翻譯訓(xùn)練，在練習(xí)中鞏固詞匯。掌握方法，提升翻譯能力，為取得高分打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
四、常用句型及結(jié)構(gòu)
It’s time t d sth./It’s time fr sth.該干……了。
如:Children,it’s time t have lunch.(Children, it’s time fr lunch.)孩子們,該吃午飯了。
It’s imprtant t d sth.做某事很重要。
如:It’s imprtant t learn English well.學(xué)好英語很重要。
It’s ne’s duty t d sth.做某事是某人的責(zé)任。
如:It’s ur duty t prtect the envirnment.保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。
It’s impssible t d sth.做某事是不可能的。
如:It’s impssible fr Taiwan t break away frm ur mtherland.臺灣從祖國分裂出去是不可能的。
n matter...無論……。
如:N matter what he says,nbdy believes him.無論他說什么,沒人相信他。
既不……,也不……。
如:Mary can neither sing nr dance.瑪麗既不會唱歌,也不會跳舞。
It’s said that...據(jù)說……。
如:It’s said that this is the furth time the Big Ben has stpped wrking.據(jù)說這是大本鐘第四次停止運轉(zhuǎn)了。
太……以至于不能……。
如:She is t excited t say a wrd.她太興奮了,以至于說不出一句話。
如此……以至于……。
如:This bx is s heavy that she can’t lift it.這個箱子如此重,以至于她提不起它。
直到……才……。
如:He didn’t g t bed until he finished his hmewrk.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。
thank yu/thanks fr ding sth.感謝你做某事。
如:Thank yu fr listening t me.感謝你聽我講。
和……一樣。
如:English is as imprtant as maths.英語和數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要。
It takes/tk sb.sme time t d sth.做某事花費某人多少時間。
如:It tk wrkers nly seven days t build a new hspital.工人們僅用七天時間就建成了一座新醫(yī)院。
要么……,要么……。
如:Yu may either stay at hme r g with us.你要么待在家里,要么跟我們一塊去。
as sn as 一……就……。
如:I’ll tell him as sn as my father cmes back.我父親一回來,我就告訴他。
knw+疑問詞+不定式。
如:N ne knws what t d next.沒人知道下一步該怎么辦。
had better 最好。
如:Yu had better see a dctr if yu get a bad cld.如果你患了重感冒,你最好去看醫(yī)生。
tell sb.t d sth.告訴某人做某事;tell sb.nt t d sth.告訴某人不要做某事。
如:He tld me nt t lse heart.他告訴我不要灰心。
I wish...
如:They hpe t win the game in the afternn.他們希望贏得下午的比賽。
We all wish him t bring us gd news.我們都希望他給我們帶來好消息。
賓語從句
狀語從句
定語從句
一、漢譯英
1．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）只要你認(rèn)真對待每一件事，你就會把它做好。
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2．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）那座房子是什么時候建的?
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3．（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）沒有人知道它是誰。
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4．（2023·遼寧朝陽·校聯(lián)考二模）我們應(yīng)該對每個幫助我們的人心存感激。

5．（2023·遼寧朝陽·校聯(lián)考二模）你能告訴我去歷史博物館的路嗎？

6．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）令他感到驚訝的是，如此多的人對科幻小說感興趣。

7．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）據(jù)說這家餐館已經(jīng)開業(yè)半年了。

8．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）飛機將在10分鐘之后起飛。

9．（2023·山東威?！そy(tǒng)考一模）他不知道他哥哥有沒有把那本雜志還給圖書館。(漢譯英)

10．（2023·山東威?！そy(tǒng)考一模）我太害怕了，一動也不敢動。（漢譯英）

二、英譯漢
11．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考三模）ChatGPT (人工智能聊天機器人) has been very ppular all ver the wrld in the past mnths.

12．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考三模）Speaking English as much as pssible is the key t learning English well.

13．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）All f us shuld knw that talent withut wrking hard is nthing.

14．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）The mst valuable thing is health, rather than mney.

15．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Try and then yu can make up fr the mistakes that yu nce made.

16．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Our cuntry’s great achievements are frm the hard wrk f ur Party and ur peple.

17．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Once yu make prmises t thers yu shuld try yur best t keep them.

18．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）Dn’t lie in bed all day. Yu are suppsed t d mre exercise in rder t keep healthy.

19．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考一模）Qingming is nt nly ne f China’s 24 slar terms, but als a mment fr Chinese peple t hnr lst family members.

20．（2023·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考一模）An hur in the mrning is wrth tw hurs in the evening.

三、語篇翻譯
（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考三模）閱讀下面的短文，將文中劃線部分譯成漢語或英語。
Little Wmen is set (以……為背景) in New England in the United States during the American Civil War (1861-1865). The stry fllws the lives f the fur March sisters: Meg, J, Beth, and Amy. The authr is Luisa May Alctt. 1.The bk is based n the authr’s wn experiences f grwing up with her three sisters.
2.這個故事的主題（theme）是關(guān)于家庭的重要性。 Other themes include the need t wrk and self-imprvement fr wmen.
When the stry begins, 3.the sisters are cmplaining because they are pr and have t wrk. Their mther says that they mustn’t spend mney n pleasure because there is a war and everybdy must help. Their father is in the army. Their father writes letter t his family. In the letter he tell his daughters t wrk hard and nt t waste their time. 4. 她們必須嘗試接受生命中的不幸并保持樂觀。 He wants t be prud f them when he cmes hme. The girls decide t make an effrt t imprve themselves because they lve and miss their father very much.
Alctt was interested in wmen’s rights. 5.Thrugh the fur March sisters, she explres different ways f being a wman in thse days. Meg leaves the family t get married and have a new family. Beth devtes (奉獻(xiàn)) herself t lking after her wn family. Amy fcuses n herself and her wn pleasure. And J, like Alctt herself, tries t have a career (事業(yè)) in writing and care fr her family at the same time.
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（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考三模）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子譯成中文。
It is nt pssible t tell the imprtance f frests in just a few wrds. Frests influence ur daily lives in s many ways, even in the center f a busy nisy city.
Frest prducts are used in ur daily lives. 1. Almst every activity has smething t d with frests. Sme are easy t pint ut, and thers are hard t say. They can nt nly help make ur lives mre cnvenient, but als make ur Earth mre beautiful and cmfrtable.
Frests help prtect the sea, and the earth is in gd health because f them. Over the past 50 years, abut half the wrld’s frests have been lst.2. The mst imprtant reasn fr that is plluting the envirnment and cutting dwn trees.
As this ges n, it’ll be harder and harder fr us t survive n the Earth.
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（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或者英語。
1. Every ne f us, rich r pr, shuld at least have ne r tw gd friends. Yur friends will listen t yu when yu speak, will take care f yu when yu are sick, and will be with yu in yur jurney thrugh life.
2. 每個人都需要朋友。Friendship can make us happier. Hw can we find a gd friend and get n well with each ther? Here is sme advice.
★3.Make friends with a persn wh is easy t get alng with.
★Yu shuld make friends with a persn wh has smething in cmmn with yu.
★Give yur friend a hand when he r she is in truble. Friends shuld always be ready t help each ther.
★Believe in each ther. 4 .這是友誼中最重要的事情。
★Even the best friends may have a quarrel smetimes. 5. If this happens dn’t let yur quarrel last t lng. Try t make up with yur friends sn.
Friendship is a kind f treasure in ur life. It is like a bttle f wine. The lnger it is kept, the better it will be.
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（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考二模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或者英語。
Maybe yu are a cmmn student. Yu prbably think yu will never be a tp student. 1.Hwever, anyne can becme a better student if he r she wants t. Here’s hw:
Plan yur time carefully. When yu plan yur week, yu shuld make a list f things that yu have t d. After making this list, yu shuld make a schedule f yur time. First yur time fr eating, sleeping, dressing, and s n. Then decide a gd, regular time fr studying. And the time fr rest. A weekly schedule can make yu realize what is happening t yur time.
2.找一個好地方學(xué)習(xí)。Lk arund the huse fr a gd study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk r simply a crner f yur rm. N games, radis, r televisin! 3.When yu sit dwn t study, yu shuld pay attentin n the study.
Make gd use f yur time in class. Listen t everything the teachers say carefully. 4.Really listening in class means less wrk after class. Taking ntes will help yu remember what the teacher says.
Study regularly. When yu get hme frm schl, g ver yur ntes. Review the imprtant pints that yur teacher taught in class. Review the knwledge can make yu remember it lnger.
Develp a gd attitude abut tests. The purpse f a test is t shw what yu learn abut a subject. They help yu remember yur new knwledge. 5.世界不會因為你考試不及格而滅亡，所以不用太擔(dān)心。
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（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考二模）根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，將文中劃線部分譯成漢語或者英語。
Fujian Tulu is a kind f huse in the muntain areas f Fujian Prvince. It is knwn as the Ancient Oriental (東方的) Castle. Frty-six Fujian Tulu places were added t the Wrld Heritage List (世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄) in 2008.
Fujian Tulu is usually a large, enclsed earthen building with thick earth walls. 1. 盡管它們相互看起來都很相似，但每一棟都是特別的。Mst f the buildings, usually three t fur flrs, are like a circle, but sme are like a rectangle (矩形). 2. The design f Tulu fllws the traditinal Chinese huse idea f “clsed utside and pen inside”. Jiqing Building, built in 1419, is the ldest circular Tulu in Yngding District, Lngyan, Fujian. Hegui Building in Nanjing cunty is the tallest rectangular Tulu in the prvince. It is 21.5 meters high.
Tulu was a great place fr peple there t prtect themselves. While Tulu means “earthen buildings” in Chinese, the buildings were made f far mre than just mud. Peple used lcal river stnes, bamb, sand and lime (石灰) t build them, as well. 3. In ancient times, the buildings als included strng gates, water wells and tunnels (地道) fr running away.
Tulu is like a village. The families wh live there have their wn rms. 4. 在節(jié)日或一些重要的日子里，他們經(jīng)常在院子里聚會。Peple wh live in Tulu are mstly Hakka (客家人). And Tulu can be seen in many places. 5. Besides Fujian Prvince, the buildings are als seen in Guangdng Prvince and Jiangxi Prvince. While the buildings are nw pen t turists, there are still peple living in them.
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（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面的短文，然后將劃線部分的句子譯成漢語或英語。
“If he desn’t call me, I’m ging t die!” 1.那是一種十分正常的感覺。It means yu are “in lve”—kind f. It’s puppy lve(早戀) nt true lve, yet.
2.Puppy lve is cmmn amng students all ver the wrld. In the West, peple think puppy lve is a healthy part f a teenager’s life. In China, parents and teachers think it’s a prblem .
Puppy lve is beautiful. It’s cl t lve smene, r be lved by smene else instead f yur mther r yur dg. 3.它能使你成為一個更好的人。Yu will knw hw t use yur lve t help thers.
If yu find yurself “in lve “it’s OK, ! Nw yu have lts f imprtant things t d. Think f these questins: Will yu lve him r her ten years later? D yu have enugh educatin t find a gd jb and live a happy life with the persn yu lve in the future? 4.What wuld yu d if yu fund smene better than him r her? I bet(打賭) yu are nt sure f these answers. Why? Because yu are t yung t understand the true lve.
5.True lve will cme when yu grw up. Nw, yu shuld try t be the best persn yu can be, and d the very best yu can. That means ding well at schl and being a gd sn r daughter first.
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（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面的短文，將文中畫線部分譯成漢語或英語。
Hw d yu get t schl? 71. D yu walk t schl r ride a bike? D yu g by bus r by train? 72.對許多學(xué)生來說，去學(xué)校很容易。But fr the students in ne small village in China, it’s difficult. 73. There is a very big river between their schl and the village. There is n bridge and the river runs t quickly fr bats. S these students g n a rpeway t crss the river t schl.
One 11-year-ld by, Liangliang, crsses the river every schl day. But he is nt afraid because he lves schl. “74.我喜歡和我同學(xué)一起玩。And I lve my teacher. He is like a father t me.”
Many f the students and villagers never leave the village. It is their dream t have a bridge. 75. I’m sure their dream can cme true.
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（2023·湖南湘潭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面的短文，將劃線部分譯成英文或中文。
Gd afternn, everyne. It’s my hnr t be the first speaker. I’m Michelle frm the prs (正方). 1. We agree that kids shuld share chres at hme. And we have the fllwing reasns.
T begin with, kids need t knw it is their duty t d chres. 2.他們與父母生活在一起。They shuld knw that if they want t have a clean and cmfrtable hme, everyne shuld d their part. 3. Fr example. kids can d the dishes r clean the rms. Sharing husewrk als helps them t understand the idea f fairness.
Then, ding chres tgether helps bring the family clser. When kids help mm fld the clthes, they can have lvely chats abut what has happened during the day. 4 It’s helpful fr kids t relax. Besides, just as the saying ges “Many hands make easy wrk.”, the chres will be finished mre easily if everyne des smething.
Lastly, ding chres helps the kids t grw. 5.它教會孩子們照顧自己 and helps develp their independence. S the earlier kids learn t be independent, the better it is fr their future.
Thank yu!
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（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子翻譯成中文。
We spend abut ne-third f ur lives asleep. Sleep is imprtant t us. A gd sleep gives us energy and makes us feel happier. If yu need sme gd sleep, yu can try the new bus service in Hng Kng. Hng Kng has pened a “Sleeping Bus Tur”. 1. The five-hur ride is fr peple wh can’t sleep well at night. Passengers can get eye masks, ear plugs (耳塞) and s n fr better sleep.
Why d buses make peple sleepy? Buses are a perfect envirnment that prduces white nise. Buses get crwded with peple ging t and frm wrk every day. Carbn dixide (二氧化碳) increases when there are lts f peple in a small place. When yu were a baby, yu were rcked (搖晃) t sleep. Sitting n a bus gives peple similar experiences. Their rcking mvements make peple want t clse their eyes. 2. Yu may find it easy t fall asleep during the lng bus trip.
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（2023·湖南邵陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將文中畫線的句子譯成漢語或英語。
What d yu like t d in yur free time? 1. Different peple have different answers. Fr the 3-grader Chen Yunxi, it’s rck climbing.
Chen is frm Shenzhen. She is tall and thin, and has lng black hair. 2. 像許多其他女孩一樣，她最喜歡的顏色是粉色。But her hbby is very different—it’s rck climbing.
3. She started rck climbing when she was nly fur years ld. She lves it s much that she trains very hard. Last Nvember, 8-year-ld Chen successfully finished the wild rck climbing rute “CHINA CLIMB” in Yangshu, Guangxi. That makes her the yungest climber in China t finish the 5.14A level climbing rute.
4. 她有一個夢想。She wants t take part in the Olympics. She thinks that the happiest thing in the wrld is just t fight fr her dream. 5. She says she will train hard t make her dream cme true.
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（2023·遼寧丹東·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中劃線部分的句子翻譯成中文。
A gd memry has t d with many things, such as fcus and interest. Yu might have a fantastic memry fr sprting numbers but n head fr math. 1. This happens because yu lve sprts and hate math.
Learning needs attentin. Yu need 8 secnds t understand a piece f infrmatin and keep it in the memry, s try t fcus n ne thing when yu want t remember it. 2. The best time fr learning is the early mrning. This is the time when ur brains are the mst active. We take in and wrk ut infrmatin quickly at that time.
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（2023·遼寧撫順·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子譯成中文。
If yu are an animal-lver, and yu’d like t wrk with animals, yu can chse ne f the fllwing jbs as yu like.
First, wrking as an animal behaviur（行為）scientist is interesting. The wrk is t watch animals carefully and understand hw animals live as a grup. 1. Yu can learn abut their prblems and prtect them. Secnd, yu can be a z vet（獸醫(yī)）. Yu might wrk with birds, fish r even a lin! As a z vet, yu knw the animals well and see them right nw if they are sick. 2. Smetimes, yu tell stries abut animals t peple wh visit the z. Third, an animal nutritinist（營養(yǎng)師）can make the right fd fr the animals.
There are many ther jbs wrking with animals. Just find smething right fr yu.
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（2023·遼寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，將短文中畫線部分的句子譯成中文。
Happy birthday! Yu have grwn a little mre. Everybdy has a birthday party every year. But what abut trees? Trees dn’t have birthday parties. They have rings (年輪). Hw can we knw a tree’s age? 1. We can cunt its rings. The rings are inside the trunk (樹干). A ring has a light part and a dark part. The light parts shw winter and spring. The dark parts shw summer and autumn. Each tree ring means ne year. S an ld tree has many rings. 2. If yu want t see the rings inside a tree, yu need t cut it dwn. But n ne wants t d that.
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目錄
一
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)
掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向
二
考情分析
翻譯題中考考情分析
三
翻譯題
的考向
熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識
2.把握句型結(jié)構(gòu)，避免中式英語
3.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟
4.提升必考題型歸納
四
真題感悟
中考翻譯題經(jīng)典考題精選

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