
本單元詞匯梳理1. currently:current + -ly2. regularly:regular + -ly;同義詞ften3. respnsible:來自respnd = re- (back 向后、往回) + -spnd (承諾、答復) 派生詞:respnsibility 詞塊:be respnsible fr = take / have respnsibility fr4. memry:一詞多義:基本義“記憶” 熟詞生義:“存儲器;存儲量 (內存)” 抽象名詞具體化:意為“回憶”時用復數 詞塊:in memry f 詞族:memry, memrable, memrise
5. skin:派生詞:skinny (-y 充滿……的) 隱喻:人的“皮膚” → 野獸的“皮膚” (獸皮) → 植物、果實等的“皮膚” → 皮;殼6. jgging:構詞法:jg + -ing 詞塊:g jgging = g fr a jg7. slim:熟詞生義“微小的”;形容詞動詞化slim dwn8. aim:同義詞 gal 詞塊:achieve / accmplish / fulfil ne’s aim, take aim at, with the aim f, aim t d sth, be aimed at ding sth 派生詞:aimless, aimlessly
9. issue:issue和exit聯(lián)系密切,詞源義是“g ut” ,即“出去”10. bserve:由b- (in frnt f, befre 向前) + -servare (prtect 保護) 構成。詞源義是“保持”,也是基本義。 同根詞:preserve, reserve, cnserve bserve是正式用語,對應watch, see, ntice11. range:一詞多義:基本義“范圍” 詞塊:a (wide) range f, range frm ... t 12. event:精準的漢語釋義“重大事件”
13. aplgise:aplgy + -ise (使) 詞塊:aplgise t sb fr sth14. stress:詞源義“draw tight”,拉緊、綁緊 → 壓力 派生詞:stressed (分詞形容詞), stressful 詞塊:under stress, reduce stress15. impact:im- (int) + pact (fix, fasten 壓進、推進) → 沖擊、影響 詞塊:have / make an impact n / upn16. strength:一詞多義,基本義“力量” 詞族:strng, strength, strengthen
respnsible & respnsibility
友誼是一種甜蜜的責任,絕不是一種機會?!?紀伯倫
紀?哈?紀伯倫(Kahlil Gibran, 1883 — 1931)黎巴嫩作家、詩人、畫家,阿拉伯文學的主要奠基人,20世紀阿拉伯新文學道路的開拓者之一,被稱為藝術天才、黎巴嫩文壇驕子。其主要作品有《淚與笑》(A Tear and a Smile),《先知》(The Prphet),《沙與沫》(Sand and Fam)等,紀伯倫、魯迅和泰戈爾是近代東方文學走向世界的先驅。
[C] & [U] 責任;職責: accept / shulder (a) respnsibilityTaking respnsibility fr smething that went wrng is a mark f great maturity. 2010 天津The media has a mral respnsibility t reprt news truthfully. 詞匯拓展respnsible adj 有責任的;盡責的;作為原由的:a respnsible teacher Human activity is nt respnsible fr all water shrtages. 2013 安徽
respnsibility n
New Term, New Aim
你的新學期小目標制定了嗎?
aim動詞的詞源義是“t estimate, calculate(估算;計算)”→ 用眼睛來估算 →“瞄準”,這是它的基本義。
vt & vi (用……) 瞄準;(用……) 對準:I was aiming at the tree but hit the car by mistake.The pilt was aiming fr the runway but came dwn in a nearby field.
vi 力求達到 t try t d r achieve sth:She aims high (= tries t achieve a lt). We’re aiming fr a big imprvement. ① aim t d sth:The theatre aims t build a bridge between deaf and hearing wrlds by perfrming Shakespeare’s cmedy in sign language. 2017 全國改② be aimed at (ding) sth:This activity is aimed at imprving the students’ listening and speaking abilities. 2009 天津改 vt [常用于被動語態(tài)] 針對:aim sth at sb:a prgramme aimed at teenagers
[U] 瞄準:Alan tk aim at the target. [C] 目標 (gal);目的 sth yu intend t d; a purpse:achieve / realize ne’s aimmiss ne’s aimThe aim f this is t reduce air pllutin. take aim at 把目標對準……;把批評的矛頭指向……with the aim f 旨在;目的是 aimless adj 無目的的;沒有目標的 aimlessly adv 沒有目標地;無目的地
(用……) 瞄準;(用……) 對準
年齡無關乎物質,只關乎心靈。如果自己不介意,那么沒人會在意。 ——馬克·吐溫
馬克·吐溫 (Mark Twain,1835 — 1910) ,美國作家、演說家,美國批判現實主義文學的奠基人。代表作品有小說《百萬英鎊》(The Millin Pund Nte)、《湯姆·索亞歷險記》(The Adventures f Tm Sawyer) 等。
詞源解讀issue和exit聯(lián)系密切,詞源義是“g ut” ,即“出去”。
issue n 議題;爭論的問題 (尤指社會或政治方面) an imprtant tpic that’s discussed r argued abut: The envirnmental issue is a wrldwide prblem. Fd safety is an imprtant issue invlving the public health. (令人擔憂的) 問題 a prblem r wrry that sb has with sth: Mney is nt an issue. (報刊的) 號;版次: the January issue f Newsweek
側重指引起爭議的“議題”
公布;發(fā)布: The minister issued a statement t the press. (正式) 發(fā)給;供給: issue warm clthing t the survivrs / issue the survivrs with warm clthing issue a passprt / visa 發(fā)行: issue a magazine issue a set f stamps
注意:issue是學術詞匯,常用于比較嚴肅的說明文或比較正式的文體中
《福爾摩斯探案集》(Adventure f Sherlck Hlmes) 是英國作家阿瑟·柯南·道爾(Arthur Cnan Dyle)的著名作品??履系罓栃≌f的故事結構、推理手法和奇巧的構思都給該類題材的小說樹立了范本,他是當之無愧的文學大師,他將偵探小說推向了一個嶄新的時代?!陡柲λ固桨溉房芍^是開辟了偵探小說歷史“黃金時代”的不朽經典,風靡全世界,是歷史上最受讀者推崇的偵探小說。
《福爾摩斯探案集》中福爾摩斯的名言: Yu see, but yu d nt bserve. 你看到,但沒有觀察。
bserve由b- (in frnt f, befre 向前) 和詞根-servare (prtect 保護) 構成。詞源義是“保持(t hld t)”,這也是它的基本義。
vt & vi [正式用語] 觀察;觀測:bserve the behaviur f birds Observe carefully if any change ccurs when dingexperiments in the lab. vt [正式用語] 察覺到;注意到:In hmes with cats and dgs living peacefully, researchers bserved a surprising behaviur. bserve … ding / d sth
強調保持看的過程;比watch正式
強調保持看的結果;比ntice正式
[正式用語] 說;評論 t say r write what yu have nticed abut a situatin:He bserved that it wuld prbably rain. vt 遵守 / 奉行 (法律、習俗等):bserve the law /the lcal custms vt [正式用語] 舉行 (儀式);慶祝 (節(jié)日):D yu bserve Christmas in yur cuntry?
釋義 是低義頻釋義,但在近年高考閱讀和寫作中出現過,需注意。
保持bserve基本義
“保持”過節(jié)、舉辦儀式等
遵守 / 奉行 (法律、習俗等)
舉行 (儀式);慶祝 (節(jié)日)
bserve語義網絡圖
bservatin n
bservatry n
bserver n
RANGE ROVER中的ROVER (羅孚) 是北歐的一個民族,生產自行車時就使用羅孚作商標名。1904年生產汽車,仍以“羅孚”為車牌名。由于羅孚民族在歷史上是一個勇敢善戰(zhàn)的海盜民族,所以羅孚汽車商標采用了一艘海盜船,張開紅帆象征著公司乘風破浪、所向披靡的大無畏精神。羅孚民族的名字其實也對應了rver的釋義“漫游者”。 RANGE ROVER則是指“在廣闊區(qū)域漫游的越野車”。
RANGE ROVER
range的詞源義是rw r line f persns (especially hunters r sldiers),一排排的人,尤指士兵或獵人,即在“某一范圍”內的人,其基本義為“范圍”。
[C] [常用單數] 一系列 a variety f things f a particular type:a range f services / prducts
[C] & [U] [常用單數] 范圍;界限:Mst f the students are in the 16-19 age range.
[C] & [U] 距離:D nt miss this pprtunity t see whales at clse range (= very clse) n their annual migratin suth t the Antarctic.
[C] 山脈:Between Italy and France, there is a muntain range called the Alps.
重要搭配:in / within range (f) 在 (……的) 范圍內ut f range (f) 超出 (……的) 范圍
vi 包括:The shw had a large audience, ranging frm children t grandparents. vi (價格、水平、溫度等) 處于某個范圍之內:The price ranges between $25 and $400. vi & vt 漫步;四處移動 (wander):The plar bears range all the way acrss the Arctic.
range的語義網絡圖
同一“范圍” 內類似的事物
年齡、價格等變動的“范圍”
多義詞event都有哪些釋義呢?
重大事件;(發(fā)生的) 事情 sth happens, especially sth imprtant r unusual:It is easy t be wise after the event. Years ag, an imprtant event ccurred in my life that wuld change it frever. 2016 江蘇改
event n [C]
公開活動;比賽項目;體育比賽:We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.track and field eventsThe 2008 Olympic Games are the biggest sprting event ever held in Beijing.
辨accident, incident, event三者都含有“事件”之意。accident 多指偶然或意外發(fā)生的不幸的事情。 a traffic accident incident 既可指小事件或小插曲,又可指政治上有影響的事件或事變。 He culd remember every incident in great detail. the Luguqia Incident 盧溝橋事變event 尤指歷史上的重大事件,還可以表示國際、國內的大事以及體育比賽項目。 the chief events f 2014 The 800 metres is nt his best event.
in the event f / that 如果……發(fā)生;倘若:In the event f an accident, call this number.In the event that she has nt been infrmed, I will tell her.
strength的詞源義為 “bdily pwer”,即“力量”。strength既可指人的身強力壯 (physically strng),比如說你可以做100個俯臥撐,也可指人內心的強大 (mentally strng)。
構詞法:strng → strength → strengthen
[U] 體力;力氣 the quality f being physically strng:
The days are gne when physical strength was all yu needed t make a living. 2011 天津
Practising Chinese kung fu can nt nly build up ne’s strength, but als develp ne’s character. 2009 浙江
[U] 意志力: inner strength / strength f will I hpe yu have / find the strength t start all ver again. [U] 實力: Plitical pwer depends upn ecnmic strength.
[C] 優(yōu)點;長處: Each f us has ur wn strengths and weaknesses. 2009 浙江
[C] & [U] 強度;濃度【重要搭配】g frm strength t strength The cmpany has gne frm strength t strength since it was established five years ag.
strength的語義網絡圖
力量基本義strength
strengthen vt & vi 加強;鞏固The wind was strengthening. I believe that this magazine will surely strengthen ur ties.
strength加后綴-en變成動詞
漫威系列電影中有一位超級英雄——美國隊長(Captain America)。他原本是個瘦弱的青年,注射超級血清后,成為了一名超級士兵。
Captain America
他有著超越常人的體能。He has superhuman physical strength.
他有著堅定的信念和非凡的意志力。He has a firm belief and wns remarkable strength f will.
他有很多的優(yōu)點:正直、勇敢、堅持和高尚的品德。He has many strengths: hnesty, bravery, persistence and great character.
一群超級英雄聚集在一起組成了非常有實力的群體——復仇者聯(lián)盟。A grup f super heres jin tgether and make the Avengers, a grup with great strength.
美國隊長的盾牌由“振金” 制成,強度 (strengths) 很高,能抵抗雷神之錘的攻擊。
1. I’ll have t get used t _______________________ (擔負) a lt mre.2. The driver _______________________ (對……負責) the safety f the passengers.3. __________________________________________ (保護環(huán)境是我們的責任) fr future generatins.
根據所給漢語提示完成下列句子。
being respnsible fr
is respnsible fr
It’s ur respnsibility t prtect the envirnment
一、在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。1. The aim ________ educatin is t teach yung peple t think fr themselves and nt fllw thers blindly. (2014 浙江)2. He’s aiming ________ a win in this race.3. These educatinal curses are aimed _________ lder peple.4. I want t see a strng and united cuntry in which peple wrk tgether with cmmn ________ (aim).5. The measures are aimed at ___________ (prevent) vilence.6. We aim ________ (be) there arund six.
preventing
二、根據漢語完成下列句子。1. ____________________ (他瞄得不準) and he missed the target. (aim n)2. This brief bk ______________________________________ (針對中學生). (2010 湖北)3. This activity ____________________ (旨在提高) the students’ listening and speaking abilities. (2009 天津改)
His aim was pr
is aimed at high / middle schl students
is aimed at imprving
寫出下列句子中issue的漢語釋義。1. America will be the first cuntry t issue frever stamps. _______ 2. An army spkesman stressed that all the sldiers had been rdered t issue clear warnings befre firing any shts. _______ 3. As a first-year, I was afraid t make any nise twards campus issues that I nticed. (2016 浙江)?? _______
根據所給提示完成句子。1. ______________________ (仔細觀察) if any change ccurs when ding experiments in the lab. (2014 北京) 2. I wndered if I wuld have the time t tell Sam _______________________ (我所觀察到的情況). (2010 重慶)3. It is everybdy’s duty t ___________________ (遵守規(guī)則) t keep ur sciety in rder and ging n the right track. (2015 江蘇) 4. With a jyful heart we__________________________ (慶祝國慶節(jié)) last mnth.
Observe carefully
what I had bserved
bserve the rules
bserved ur Natinal Day
__________ 1. Our funds were limited, and nne f the huses in ur price range seemed satisfactry. (2015 天津)__________ 2. In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems. (2016 上海)__________ 3. These missiles (導彈) have a range f 300 miles.
一、寫出下列句子中range的漢語釋義。
In additin t these traditinal activities, we have _______________________ (更多不同的選擇) such as travelling and visiting ur relatives r friends. (2013 遼寧書面表達)2. He likes ding different kinds f activities after wrk, _____________ swimming ___________ (從……到……) playing basketball. 3. Yur bld pressure is well _____________________ (在正常的范圍內).
二、根據所給漢語及提示,用適當的詞塊完成下列句子。
a wider range f chices
ranging frm t
in / within the nrmal range
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. Leaving hme was a majr event in his life. ________2. The meeting was an imprtant scial event. ________3. This year’s Olympic Games will be the biggest sprting event. ________4. The 800 metres is the furth event f the afternn. _________二、選出適當的單詞,并用其正確形式填空。(accident, event)1. Over 70,000 peple are seriusly injured every year in rad __________.2. The electin (選舉) was the main __________ f 2020.
一、寫出下列句子中strength的釋義。1. Bill was ding a lt f physical exercise t build up his strength. ________2. Happiness and success ften cme t thse wh are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths. (2013 湖南) ________3. The strength f a cuntry des nt rest upn ecnmic develpment alne; it rests upn educatin, at least t the same extent. ________4. Baijiu (白酒) is similar t vdka (伏特加) in terms f its texture (口感), strength and appearance, but is said t have a sweeter taste. ________5. Jenny didn’t have the strength t end the relatinship. ________
二、在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。1. Gvernments cannt ignre the __________ (strng) f public pinin. 2. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t ________________ (strength) yur leg muscles. (2018 全國) 三、根據所給漢語,用含有strength的詞塊完成下列句子。1. T make members f a team perfrm better, the trainer first f all has t knw their _______________________ (強項和弱項).2. I ________________ (獲得力量) every time I said, “Yes, I’ll try that. ” (2011 天津)3. Under Jbs, Apple Inc. __________________________________ (不斷壯大), establishing itself as a bywrd (代名詞) fr innvatin (創(chuàng)新).
strengths and weaknesses
gained strength
has gne frm strength t strength
strengthen
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