解密02 推理判斷的復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
【構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系】
【英語學(xué)科素養(yǎng)解讀】
【剖析全國(guó)高考真題】——預(yù)測(cè)高考命題方向
2025年命題解讀和近年考點(diǎn)再現(xiàn)
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)1 引申推斷題
1.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對(duì)齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
15. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
2.B【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈養(yǎng)).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
3.C【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8．What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A．He felt disappinted.B．He gave up his hbby.
C．He liked the weather there.D．He had disagreements with his family.
4.D【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
13．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They lk up t great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D．They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
5.B【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall ut f use sme day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as imprtant as the gas light.
6.D【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干擾）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the c-wrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, c-wrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分貝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a c-wrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A．He’s a news reprter.
B．He’s an ffice manager.
C．He’s a prfessinal designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
7.C【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.291
30．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gne dwn.B．The migratry birds have flwn away.
C．The hunters have stpped hunting.D．The gvernment has cllected mney.
8. B【2020·全國(guó)新高考II山東卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（學(xué)費(fèi)）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（犧牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
9. D【2020·全國(guó)新高考II山東卷】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
14．Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A．T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B．T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C．T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D．T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
15．On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Hw hungry we are.B．Hw slim we want t be.
C．Hw we perceive thers.D．Hw we feel abut the fd.
10. B【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity - but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (隨筆) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifs, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24．Why des the authr like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B．It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C．It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding f neself.
25．What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B．It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C．It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D．It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A．He lves petry.
B．He’s an editr.
C．He’s very ambitius.
D．He teaches reading.
11. C【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (時(shí)裝)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海貍鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have(shwcased)nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物種).It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashin. Mrgan says，”T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them-1 think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.318
31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A．It’s frmal.B．It’s risky.C．It’s harmful.D．It’s traditinal.
12. B【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)III】
When "Rise f the Planet f the Apes" was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (動(dòng)作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (圖像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They shuld take further training.
C. They culd be traded illegally
D. They wuld lse ppularity.
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)2 文章來源題
1.A【2022·新高考I卷】
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
2.B【2022·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (堅(jiān)忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
3.A【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（風(fēng)景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers.Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
3．Where can the text be fund?
A．In a histry bk.B．In a nvel.C．In an art magazine.D．In a bigraphy.
4.【2022年1月普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（浙江卷）】
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdem America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
6．What is the text?
A．A bigraphy.B．A bk review.C．A shrt stry.D．A science reprt.
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)3 讀者對(duì)象題
【廣東惠州市2025屆高三第三次調(diào)研】
Hme delivery meal kits have been ne f the bits f the pandemic: they have enabled diners t carry n getting a taste f restaurant-quality fd, while helping restaurants t stay in business, and even make yu an excellent chef. Here are fur f the best ffering delivery in ur regin:
Berenjak (berenjakbazaar.cm)
“The kabab kits frm this Lndn-based Iranian restaurant — which range in price frm ￡25 t ￡45 — are a ‘class act’,” says Jay Rayner in The Observer. “My kit even included a pair f plastic glves fr me t wear while dealing with the raw meat. This is the best kind f meal kit — the cking is fun, and the finished prduct is utterly delicius.”
Gujarati Rasi ()
“I lve this vegetarian restaurant,” says Marina O’Lughlin in The Sunday Times. “And its meal bxes are ‘electrifyingly gd’ t. Family bxes fr fur cst ￡65, and I especially lve the starter (￡15.50). The dishes were cmplicated, yet quite easy t ck.”
Lyle’s (lylesprvisins.cm)
“This Michelin-starred Lndn restaurant delivers its ‘exquisitely delicius’ menu bxes each Friday,” says Xanthe Clay in The Daily Telegraph. “At ￡140 fr tw, they aren’t cheap, and with multiple curses, they d take a bit f wrk and cncentratin t ck.”
Sant Remedi ()
“Order a Remedy kit frm Sant Remedi and what yu will get is an incredibly generus, sharing-style Mexican feast fr tw,” says Anna Lawsn n BBC’s “Gd Fd”. “The kits cme with a chice f slw-cked meat, accmpanied by all the ingredients t make yur wn pancake. Preparatin is simple, thanks t a clur-cded instructin.”
3．Wh are the ptential target readers f the text?
A．Restaurant cks.B．Trainee chefs .
C．Ordinary husewives.D．Htel managers.
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)4 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
1.【2022年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】B
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
6．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
7．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
2.【2022年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
13．In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A．Diet plan.B．Prfessinal backgrund.
C．Exercise type.D．Previus physical cnditin.
15．What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A．Making use f the findings.B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Cnducting further research.D．Clarifying the purpse f the study.
3.B【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈養(yǎng)).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
4．Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A．Cstly.B．Cntrversial.C．Ambitius.D．Successful.
4.C【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
11．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?
A．Children shuld learn a secnd language.
B．Sprt is necessary fr children's health.
C．Children need a sense f belnging
D．Seeing the wrld is a must fr children.
5.D【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12．What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A．They're unfair.B．They're cnservative.
C．They're bjective.D．They're strict.
6.B【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
26．What can we say abut Baby Bmers?
A．They like smartphne games.B．They enjy guessing callers’ identity.
C．They keep using landline phnes.D．They are attached t their family.
7.C【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（來源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（說明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（傾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
30．What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A．Calming.B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing.D．Challenging.
8.B【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】
By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva — nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m nt a trained musician, but I’ve learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”
Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup’s fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn’t have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn’t turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.”
Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage.
“My husband is the wrst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Rbert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”323
25．Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn’s jb n stage?
A．Bring.B．Well-paid.
C．Demanding.D．Dangerus.
9.D【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
35．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A．Its appeal t the public.B．Expectatins fr future studies.
C．Its practical applicatin.D．Scientists with new perspectives.
10.B【2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
6．What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A．Bring.B．Tiring.C．Cstly.D．Risky.
11.C【2021·全國(guó)新高考II卷】
A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls.
Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (變革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”
The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children.
Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."
9．What des Craig-Martin think f the teaching f the arts in UK schls?
A．It is particularly difficult.B．It increases artists' incme.
C．It pens children's mind.D．It deserves greater attentin.
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)5 預(yù)測(cè)推斷題
1.B【2022·全國(guó)甲卷】
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (對(duì)稱的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (線索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
2.【2025·廣東省茂名市五校聯(lián)盟第二次聯(lián)考】
"Hell!" Yu type int the chat bx. There's a slight feeling f excitement flwing thrugh yur fingers, and yu can't wait fr a reply. Yu think, "There's prbably nthing mre exciting than this."
With cmmunicatin frm all crners f the wrld pssible at the ease f yur fingers, we are nw witness t an advanced frm f the hand shake and physical cnversatins: nline friendships.
Alarmingly, accrding t Internet Safety 101, almst half f yung adult users have received upsetting messages, with 92 percent psting their wn real names and identificatin nline and 58 percent thinking it desn't cause cncern. And thugh sme parents may be biting their fingernails in fear right nw, mre than half f the yuth have admitted t making their friends nline and a gd majrity regularly text them.
Thugh the statistics are daunting, we hpe, we haven't scared yu ff! Researchers actually fund that pursuing nline friendships culd be beneficial. Penn State University reprted that this was especially the case fr thse with scial anxiety, as they might frm a strnger cmfrt bnd with their peers thrugh the screen rather than a face-t-face meeting.
Additinally, nline interactin may increase yur self-cnfidence. In ur current situatin f islatin, perhaps that perfect cnnectin frm the safety f ur hmes is all it takes t make things just a little mre bearable.
In the end, it all depends n yu. Whether r nt yur search fr a friend bears fruit lies in yur apprach, and thugh I'm nt a great relatinship master, I have sme tips that will aid yu in yur explratin fr the "BFF" f yur dreams.
4．What d yu think the text will talk abut next?
A．Hw t get n well with nline friends.B．Hw t find nline best friends.
C．Hw t keep in tuch with nline friends.D．Hw t benefit frm dream nline friends.
推理判斷題 考點(diǎn)6 目的意圖題
1.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
2.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
11. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
3.D【2022·全國(guó)甲卷】
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口號(hào)), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解決).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
4.C【2021·英語全國(guó)甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
10．Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?
A．T jin the skatebarding.B．T make new friends.
C．T learn mre tricks.D．T relive his childhd days
5.C【2021·全國(guó)高考乙卷】
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（來源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（說明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（傾倒） frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28．What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in.B．Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C．Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D．Reducing garbage n the beach.
29．Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．T shw the difficulty f their recycling.
B．T explain why they are useful.
C．T vice his views n mdern art.
D．T find a substitute fr them.
6.D【2021·全國(guó)新高考I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intellingence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
33．Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．T explain a rule.B．T clarify a cncept.
C．T present a fact.D．T make a predictin.
34．What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.
C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
7.D【2021·全國(guó)新高考II卷】
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (標(biāo)簽) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (質(zhì)地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
14．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A．He wants t help them earn a living.B．He thinks men can d the jb better.
C．He is inexperienced in using rbts.D．He enjys the traditinal way f life.
8. C【2020·全國(guó)新高考I山東卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬禮)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce a bk.B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C．T remember a writer.D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【高考預(yù)測(cè)】
縱觀近幾年全國(guó)高考試題，預(yù)測(cè)2025年全國(guó)高考試題還會(huì)
①Ⅰ卷在選材上繼續(xù)保持知識(shí)性和趣味性，語篇長(zhǎng)度適中，題材與體裁廣泛，彰顯文化特色，重點(diǎn)考查考生快速獲取、處理、分析信息的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題占總量的60%左右，難度與上年持平，預(yù)計(jì)難度系數(shù)0.6。
②Ⅱ卷文章體裁繼續(xù)延續(xù)記敘文和說明文占主體的局面，另有一篇議論文和一篇廣告類說明文。題型以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題略有所增加，詞義猜測(cè)題1題左右。
【解密考場(chǎng)】——課堂講解突破關(guān)鍵能力
推理判斷
解密① 如何解決引申推斷題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【陜西省寶雞教育聯(lián)盟2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（四）】
A slwer walk as yu age has always been a warning sign f increasing weakness that culd lead t falls and ther disabilities, experts say. Recent research in small grups f elderly subjects has als fund that a slwer walk frm year t year may be an early sign f cgnitive(認(rèn)知)decline. That may be due t shrinking in the right hippcampus(海馬體), which is the part f the brain cnnected with memry, accrding t studies.
Nw, a new study, published in the jurnal JAMA Netwrk Open, finds peple wh walk abut 5% slwer r mre each year while als exhibiting signs f slwer mental prcessing were mst likely t develp dementia(癡呆).
The study fllwed a grup f Americans ver 65 and Australians ver 70, nearly 17, 000 senirs in ttal, fr seven years. Every ther year, peple in the study were asked t take cgnitive tests that measured verall cgnitive decline, memry, prcessing speed and verbal fluency. Subjects were als asked t walk three metres twice t determine the persn’s typical walking speed.
At the end f the study, researchers fund the highest risk f dementia was fr “dual decliners“, r peple wh nt nly walked mre slwly but als shwed sme signs f cgnitive decline, said Dr. Je Verghese, a prfessr at the Albert Einstein Cllege f Medicine in Brnx, New Yrk, wh was nt invlved in the study.
There are things we can d as we age t reverse(逆轉(zhuǎn)) the brain shrinkage that cmes alng with typical aging. Aerbic(有氧的) exercise training increased the vlume f the right frnt hippcampus by 2%, thus reversing age-related lss in the rgan by ne t tw years in a 2011 clinical trial. Aerbic exercise means “with air”, and is a type f wrkut where heart rate and breathing increase, but nt s much that yu cannt cntinue t functin. Types f aerbic exercise can include quick walking, swimming, biking and dancing. Nn aerbic exercise includes weightlifting, high jump, lng jump, thrwing, etc.
10．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Everyne shuld take aerbic exercise.
B．Aerbic exercise is the best way t keep healthy.
C．Aerbic exercise is mst suitable fr ld peple.
D．Taking aerbic exercise is useful t reverse age-related lss.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法： 如何解決引申推斷題？
引申推斷題屬于深層理解題，要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。做此類題目關(guān)鍵是要正確把握文章的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，要忠實(shí)于原文，千萬不能主觀臆斷，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。此類題目的題干一般包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，設(shè)想)和cnclude(推斷，做出結(jié)論)。
解密②如何解決文章來源題?
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【山東省百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】
Munt Qingyuan Turist Attractin is lcated in Quanzhu city, Fujian prvince, and is renwned fr its quiet scenery and ancient cultural landscapes.
The muntain features granite rcks(花崗巖) with the summit at 618 meters. The annual average temperature is between 17℃ and 21.3℃, making it an ideal getaway at any time f the year.
Accrding t histrical recrds, the muntain was develped as early as the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC). After centuries f develpment, there are still nine statues frm the Sng (960-1279) and Yuan (1271-1368) dynasties, abut 700 ruins f stne carvings and many stne structures dating back t the Yuan and Ming (1644-1911) dynasties.
The mst representative highlight f the turist attractin is the statue f Lazi, which is renwned fr being the largest stne carving made during the Sng Dynasty. Lazi is the authr f the Ta Te Ching, the funder f philsphical Taism. The statue is a Majr Histrical and Cultural Site prtected at the Natinal Level. It measures 8 meters in length, 6.85 meters in width, and 5.63 meters in height, ccupying 55 square meters.
Scenic Spt Level: AAAAA
Ideal Sightseeing Seasn: all year
Recmmended Duratin Fr A Visit: Half a day
Opening Hurs: 5:00-18:00
Ticket Price: 70 yuan
Free admissin fr children under 6 years r 1.2 meters; Quanzhu residents between 60 and 70 years ld; visitrs ver 70 years ld; the military; retired public servants; and the disabled with valid certificates (ID, passprt, etc)
50 percent ff ticket prices fr visitrs between 6 and 18 years ld; full-time students; teachers; visitrs between 60 and 70 years ld with valid certificates
Address: Fengze district, Quanzhu, Fujian prvince
Bus Rutes: 3, 10, 15, 28, 30, 45, 202, 209, 601, K1
Nte: Sme scenic spts might clse due t landslides.
3．Where is the passage mst prbably taken frm?
A．a(chǎn) research reprtB．a(chǎn) lcal newspaperC．a(chǎn) nature magazineD．a(chǎn) travel brchure
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何解決文章來源題?
做此類題目要求讀者具備一定的常識(shí)，這樣文章的內(nèi)容才能與讀者本身已具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來。做此類題目應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處。如果來源于報(bào)紙，前面一般會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱；如果是廣告，其格式很容易辨認(rèn)；產(chǎn)品說明和藥品說明也很容易辨認(rèn)。
解密③如何解決讀者對(duì)象題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2025屆高三上學(xué)期12月統(tǒng)測(cè)】
With internatinal travel again n the table, picking a destinatin fr yur schl trip abrad is exciting and prbably a little daunting. Here we have selected a few f ur tp destinatins t inspire yu and help yu narrw dwn yur ptins. Thrugh expsure t different cultures, students will gain a mre cmprehensive understanding f the wrld and an appreciatin fr ther peples’ ways f life, nt t mentin that traveling with yur students can be ne f the mst rewarding and memrable experiences yu can have.
Discver the many wnders f Prague
Knwn fr its diverse architecture and wrld-class museums, Prague is cnsistently ranked as ne f the mst beautiful cities in the wrld. Unflding amng well-preserved castles, Barque and Gthic cathedrals, medieval squares, and captivating bridges, a visit t Prague is guaranteed t be an eye pening and enriching schl trip.
Be charmed by the many sides f Edinburgh
Edinburgh’s unique architectural charm is the perfect setting t engage students in histry and culture. With a spectacular Gthic UNESCO-listed ld twn playing hst t sme f the mst dynamic and varied art schls and cmmunity prjects in the wrld, yu can discver the ancient art f Scttish strytelling, visit unique lcal arts prjects, dance the night way in a traditinal Ceilidh (同樂會(huì)), and get invlved with sme fantastic charities.
Sak up the spirit f Listn
Fr students, Lisbn is the perfect setting fr an exciting adventure that includes authentic Prtuguese culture, fascinating architecture, and astnishing UNESCO Wrld Heritage Sites. The Prtugese peple lve sharing their unique hmeland, s be prepared t be greeted by a friendly smile frm a lcal.
Get sustainability inspiratin in Cpenhagen
Well-knwn fr being a multicultural center, Cpemhagen ls acrss the glbe fr the innvative apprach t sustainable living — frm grwing rganic prduce in many urban greenhuses t prmting cycling culture. This fascinating schl trip destinatin is filled with the newest technlgies, sustainable slutins, and symblic architecture.
3．Wh is the text intended fr?
A．Educatrs.B．Students.
C．Parents.D．Visitrs.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何解決讀者對(duì)象題？
做此類題目通常從文章內(nèi)容入手，明確所談話題及具體內(nèi)容，體會(huì)作者使用的語言適合于哪一群體，這樣才能根據(jù)文章的特點(diǎn)對(duì)號(hào)入座，從而得出正確判斷。
解密④如何解決觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題？
12.【2020·全國(guó)I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接觸) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.306
Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A．Skeptical.B．Objective.
C．Tlerant.D．Cnservative.
規(guī)律方法：如何解決觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題？
做此類題目必須透過文章的字面意義去理解。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)無非也就是三種：支持、贊同、樂觀；反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀；中立、客觀。作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定意義的動(dòng)詞來表達(dá)，如pssible, impssible, seem, strange等。這時(shí)需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列舉的事例與其觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度是一致的還是相反的。有些文章作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度隱含在文章的字里行間，需要通讀全文，才能做出正確的判斷。注意熟悉一些常見的有關(guān)作者情感、態(tài)度的詞語。
褒義詞有：supprtive(支持的)；psitive(積極的)；ptimistic(樂觀的)；enthusiastic(熱情的)等。
貶義詞有：negative(否定的，消極的)；irnic(諷刺的)；critical(批評(píng)的)；disgusted(厭惡的)；disappinted(失望的)等。
中性詞有：indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)；uninterested(不感興趣的)；bjective(客觀的)；neutral(中立的)等。
解密⑤如何解決預(yù)測(cè)推斷題？
【四川省內(nèi)江市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一診】
Nine years ag, a few days befre Christmas, I was a directr at a cmpany in San Francisc, and I was called int a meeting that was already in prgress. That meeting turned ut t be my exit interview. I was 64 years ld at the time. It wasn’t cmpletely unexpected. I signed a pile f papers and left the cmpany.
S, 40 plus years f emplyment was ver. I had a gd reputatin and backgrund. Retirement was nt a chice fr me. I wanted t d smething. And then an idea came int my mind, brn frm my cncern fr ur envirnment. I wanted t build my wn business, designing and prducing bidegradable(可生物降解的)packaging frm waste. This is called clean technlgy, and it was really meaningful t me. It culd help reduce billins f punds f single-use plastic packaging wasted each year.
Five years later, I’m delighted and prud t share with yu that ur incme has dubled every year and we have n debt. Meanwhile, I have a wnderful partner, and we’ve wn mre than 20 awards fr the wrk that we’ve dne.
And I am ding the mst rewarding and meaningful wrk f my life right nw. But what I really lng fr is t find ther first-time entrepreneurs(企業(yè)家)wh are my age. I want t cnnect with them.
S I want t d smething abut that in a few years. I want us t start talking mre abut peple wh dn’t becme entrepreneurs until they are senirs. And then cnnecting all f them acrss industries, regins and cuntries—building a cmmunity.
35．What is the authr’s attitude t the develpment f his wn cmpany?
A．Cautius.B．Disappinted.C．Ambiguus.D．Psitive.
36．What des the authr plan t d in the future?
A．T d smething else abut envirnment.
B．T help peple wh want t becme successful.
C．T meet mre peple frm different backgrunds.
D．T build a cmmunity fr senir entrepreneurs.
規(guī)律方法：如何解決預(yù)測(cè)推斷題？
有些題目要求根據(jù)語篇，對(duì)事件可能的結(jié)局或下一段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行猜測(cè)推理。做此類題目時(shí)，務(wù)必把握作者的寫作思路，如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來敘述，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)判斷。特別要注意文章最后一段的內(nèi)容及最后幾句話。
解密⑥如何解決目的意圖題？
【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】
【四川省內(nèi)江市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一診】
Knwn as GC-1, the drug reprtedly speeds up metablism（新陳代謝）, r burning ff, f fat cells. “GC-1 dramatically increases the metablic rate, essentially transfrming white fat, which stres extra calries and is assciated with besity and metablic disease, int a fat like calrie-burning brwn fat,” said Kevin Phillips, a researcher in Hustn.
Until several years ag, scientists thught that nly animals and human babies have energy-burning, "gd" brwn fat. “It is nw clear,” Phillips said, “that human adults d have brwn fat, but appear t lse its calrie-burning activity ver time.” White fat has a bad effect n peple when the bdy has t much f it. Sme published research shws that peple wh have mre brwn fat have a reduced risk f besity. Researchers are nw wrking n ways t “brwn” white fat, r change it int brwn fat.
GC-1 wrks, accrding t Phillips. He said he and ther researchers have tested the drug in hundreds f mice. Obese mice, bth genetically bese and thse with diet-induced besity, received GC-1 treatment daily. Genetically bese mice lst weight and mre than 50 percent f their fat mass in apprximately tw weeks, Phillips reprted. He said mice with diet-induced besity experienced similar imprvements. The drug als caused adaptive thermgenes（適應(yīng)性發(fā)熱）in fat cells frm mice. Cells grwn in a dish, as well as tissue samples taken frm bese mice, shwed evidence f white-fat brwning. “Our data prve that GC-1 is a nvel fat-brwning agent that may have use in the treatment f besity and metablic disease,”Phillips said.
The drug has nt yet been tested fr weight lss in humans. Hwever, Phillips said it wuldn’t be lng befre it was used as a way f lsing weight.
21．What is the writer's purpse f writing this passage?
A．T prve the harm f a new drug.
B．T intrduce a new drug t peple.
C．T explain the develpment f a new drug.
D．T infrm peple f sme health knwledge.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何解決目的意圖題？
常見的設(shè)問方式：
What is the main purpse f the authr writing the text?
The purpse f the text is t get mre peple t _______.
The writer f the stry wants t tell us that________.
The fact…is mentined by the authr t shw________.
The authr writers the last paragraph in rder t ________.
寫作意圖推斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖及作者運(yùn)用某種寫作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意圖，而是通過文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問題的方法進(jìn)行分析和歸納總結(jié)的能力。
一般來說，我們可以通過分析文章的文體特點(diǎn)，理解作者的詞句選擇和識(shí)別文章的語氣來推斷出作者的寫作意圖。
推理判斷題
考點(diǎn)1 引申推斷題
考點(diǎn)2文章來源題
考點(diǎn)3讀者對(duì)象題
考點(diǎn)4觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
考點(diǎn)5預(yù)測(cè)推斷題
考點(diǎn)6目的意圖題
題型解讀
命題要求
素養(yǎng)解讀
要求考生閱讀4篇短文，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。題材廣泛，包括科普、社會(huì)、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面內(nèi)容。體裁多樣，以記敘文、議論文、說明文為主。
考查主旨大意、細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、詞義猜測(cè)、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)等。
主旨大意題包括精確歸納標(biāo)題、概括文章大意和總結(jié)段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主題和細(xì)節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，做這類題目時(shí)要高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，不可以以偏概全。
Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter's evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black—and—white image（圖像）.
Timthy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle. a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.

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