閱讀理解解密04 猜測詞義（分層訓(xùn)練）-（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

The prfessr tk ntice f Nick n the first day but did nt say anything. But when this went n fr a week, he called Nick in his ffice after the class and asked, “Yu are depressed all the time. What is the matter?” Nick said with sme hesitatin, “Sir, smething has happened in my past, due t which I remain trubled. I dn’t knw what t d.”
Prfessr called Nick at his huse in the evening. When Nick arrived, the prfessr went t the kitchen and started making lemnade. He deliberately put mre salt in the lemnade. Then he gave a glass f lemnade t Nick. As sn as Nick tk a sip, due t the taste f excess salt, his muth became sur. Seeing this, the prfessr asked, “What happened? Did yu nt like the Lemnade?” “N sir, this is nt the case. Just a little excess salt in the drink.” Nick said, “Hey, nw give me the glass. I will thrw it away.” The prfessr reached ut t get the drink frm Nick. But Nick refused, saying, “N sir, just salt is mre. If yu add mre sugar, the taste will be fine.” Upn hearing this, the prfessr became serius and said, “Yu are right. Nw see, this lemnade is like yur life. Just as salt cannt be taken ut f the lemnade, similarly thse bad experiences als cannt be separated frm life. But by adding mre sugar it can change the taste f lemnade.” Nick ndded and smiled in relief.
1．Why did Nick fail t fcus n the class?
A．He was disturbed by the past.B．He was t nervus t cncentrate.
C．Prfessr Smith was t demanding.D．The lecture was bring and hard t understand.
2．What des the underlined wrd “excess” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Rare.B．T much.C．Pisnus.D．Smelly.
3．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Prfessr Smith?
A．Determined and inspiring.B．Clever and brave.
C．Wise and caring.D．Generus and lvely.
4．What can we learn frm Nick’s stry?
A．Let it g and live in the present.B．Life withut aim is like drink withut salt.
C．Nthing is mre pleasant than a warming wrd.D．All the gd and bad experiences are unavidable.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位教授以用檸檬、鹽和糖的關(guān)系來開導(dǎo)情緒低落的學(xué)生。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Nick said with sme hesitatin, “Sir, smething has happened in my past, due t which I remain trubled. I dn’t knw what t d.”(尼克有些猶豫地說：“先生，我的過去發(fā)生了一些事情，因此我仍然很困擾。我不知道該怎么辦?！?”可知，尼克沒能集中注意力上課，是因?yàn)樗麑^去感到不安。故選A。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線詞前句“He deliberately put mre salt in the lemnade. Then he gave a glass f lemnade t Nick. (他故意在檸檬水里加了更多的鹽。然后他給了尼克一杯檸檬水。)”可知，尼克喝了一口過量鹽的檸檬水。所以excess為“過量的”之意。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The prfessr tk ntice f Nick n the first day but did nt say anything. (第一天教授就注意到了尼克，但什么也沒說。)”及史密斯教授親自來開導(dǎo)情緒低落的學(xué)生可推斷，史密斯教授是有愛心的；史密斯教授以用檸檬、鹽和糖的關(guān)系來開導(dǎo)情緒低落的學(xué)生，說明史密斯教授是明智的。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Upn hearing this, the prfessr became serius and said, “Yu are right. Nw see, this lemnade is like yur life. Just as salt cannt be taken ut f the lemnade, similarly thse bad experiences als cannt be separated frm life. But by adding mre sugar it can change the taste f lemnade.”(聽了這話，教授嚴(yán)肅起來說：“你說得對?？矗@檸檬水就像你的生活。就像鹽不能從檸檬水里拿出來一樣，那些糟糕的經(jīng)歷也不能從生活中分離出來。但是加入更多的糖會改變檸檬水的味道。”)”及全文可推斷，生活中所有好的和壞的經(jīng)歷都是不可避免的。故選D。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽一中等六校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】B
Just as the shiny brchure prmised, frm the mment I set ft n the Harvard campuslast fall, I was expsed t an exciting andenlightening new wrld.
I was brn and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jacksn, Mississippi. I am the nly child, s my mther verpwered me with her lve. Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfullyhard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew t appreciate her enrmus sacrifices(犧牲) — walking me t the library every afternn, labring at multiple jbs t keep fd n the table, and telling me stries late int the night.
When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face. I pretended nt t see, but I was never able t frget it. I tried t explain my reasns fr wanting t leave-t prve I was smart enugh, fear f taking the path f least resistance, the classic teenage feeling f being trapped — but the wrds just made me sund shallw and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began t wrk n the cllege applicatins-an early ne fr Harvard and rughly a dzen thers standing by. I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday. That night, after all f the celebratry texts and hugs, I sat in my rm and began t cry uncntrllably.
Over the curse f this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I knw nw why my mther let me g. Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.
1．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means ________.
A．made a difference tB．made peace with
C．tk advantage fD．tk cntrl f
2．What was the mther’s first respnse t the authr’s decisin?
A．She was wrried abut it.B．She laughed at it.
C．She apprved f it immediately.D．She turned a deaf ear t it.
3．What did the authr say abut his admissin t Harvard?
A．It deserved a big celebratin.B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beynd his expectatins.D．It was a favr he wed his mther.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lifelng Learning in Harvard
B．Reflectins n the Rad t Harvard
C．What Harvard Means t My Mther and Me
D．Hw Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后“Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfully hard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin.(作為一個(gè)能看到世界上這么多美好事物的人，她卻非常努力地保護(hù)我不受它的傷害。看電視、聽說唱音樂，甚至和街區(qū)里的孩子們一起打籃球都是不可能的)”可推知，母親對作者的管教很嚴(yán)格，所以畫線詞所在句意為“我是獨(dú)生子，所以我的母親用她的愛控制了我”，verpwered意為“控制”。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face.(在我升入高三的那個(gè)夏天，我告訴母親我決定申請去哈佛念書，我察覺到母親臉上那一絲猶豫，盡管那很快就被溫暖的笑容所掩蓋)”可知，母親對作者的決定的第一反應(yīng)是擔(dān)心。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday.(我知道進(jìn)入哈佛的勝算并不是我能決定的。令我高興的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛錄取了)”可知，被哈佛大學(xué)錄取超出了作者的預(yù)料。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.(哈佛迫使我成長，讓我以公正的眼光看待這個(gè)世界和我自己。不用說，我不會拿這段經(jīng)歷換任何東西)”可知，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。故選B。
3.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】C
Jewel White, a 15-year-ld student, gathers her bks and signs herself ut f a rutine mrning math class. She is nt leaving schl fr the day, but is ff t try sme mre challenging equatins. This practice is nt uncmmn at Westmunt Secndary Schl in Hamiltn, Ontari, Canada, where an uncnventinal learning apprach is prevailing.
Westmunt is ne f the eight regular schls in the cuntry where students wrk at their wn pace and set their wn directin, spending as much r as little time as they need n subjects. Teachers act as advisers. With the classrm teachers’ permissin, students can sign ut f a class t wrk n ther materials r walk int anther class t catch up n anther subject. And every tw weeks they make plans fr their wn learning time, with supprt frm their adviser.
At a time when a shrinking student ppulatin is causing bards t clse schls. Westmunt sits at 30 percent vercapacity with 1,500 students. Its bursting number led educatin fficials t cnsider expanding the prgram t ther lcatins.
“If students are interested, we are ging t d ur best t prvide that srt f prgramming,” said Tdd White, chair f the Hamiltn-Wentwrth District Schl Bard.
When students like Jewel are nt in a classrm, they can usually be fund in the schl’s learning cmmns, a study area fr all students. There are teachers available t help, but generally students are wrking n their wn assignments r prjects.
Jewel said Westmunt’s self-paced style caught her attentin when she was lking at high schls. Westmunt is nt the schl clse t her hme. She said at elementary schl she wuld ften cause truble in class because she wuld cmplete her wrk early and nt have much else t d. “I find this kind f academic envirnment in Westmunt is a lt better fr me,” she said. “I like the thught f being able t wrk faster r slwer if needed.”
1．What des the wrd “prevailing” underlined in paragraph I mean?
A．Catching n.B．Giving way.C．Slwing dwn.D．Causing truble.
2．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the schl’s learning apprach?
A．Cmplex but familiar.B．Flexible and efficient.
C．Traditinal and cmmn.D．Difficult but interesting.
3．What is Tdd White’s attitude t Westmunt’s style f learning?
A．Tlerant.B．Dubtful.C．Psitive.D．Uncncerned.
4．What did Jewel think f her elementary schl?
A．It was a schl clsest t her hme.
B．It prvided t much hmewrk fr students.
C．Its learning atmsphere was nt very satisfying.
D．Its students did nt wrk as fast as Westmunt.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了加拿大Westmunt中學(xué)特殊的教學(xué)方式。學(xué)生按照自己的節(jié)奏，設(shè)定自己的方向，實(shí)行走班學(xué)習(xí)。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段“This practice is nt uncmmn at Westmunt Secndary Schl in Hamiltn, Ontari, Canada, where an uncnventinal learning apprach is prevailing.（這種做法在加拿大Hamiltn的Westmunt中學(xué)并不少見，那里prevailing著一種非傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法。）”中劃線詞的前文“This practice is nt uncmmn（這種做法并不少見）”可知，這種學(xué)習(xí)方式在Westmunt中學(xué)很流行，故此處的“prevailing”與A項(xiàng)“catching n變流行起來”意思相近，故選A。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Westmunt is ne f the eight regular schls in the cuntry where students wrk at their wn pace and set their wn directin, spending as much r as little time as they need n subjects. Teachers act as advisers.（Westmunt是該地區(qū)八所普通學(xué)校之一，學(xué)生按照自己的節(jié)奏學(xué)習(xí)，并設(shè)定自己的方向，在課堂上花盡可能多或少的時(shí)間。老師是顧問。）”可推知，這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)習(xí)方法是靈活且有效率的，故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““If students are interested, we are ging t d ur best t prvide that srt f prgramming,” said Tdd White,（Tdd White說道：‘如果學(xué)生感興趣，我們將盡最大的努力提供這種方法?！笨芍琓dd White認(rèn)為這種學(xué)習(xí)方法是值得推崇的，因此對這種方式是支持的、肯定的，故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“She said at elementary schl she wuld ften cause truble in class because she wuld cmplete her wrk early and nt have much else t d.（她說，在小學(xué)時(shí)，她經(jīng)常會在課堂上惹麻煩，因?yàn)樗龝茉缱鐾旯φn，沒有太多其他事情要做。）”可知，Jewel對她小學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍不太滿意，她是能快速完成作業(yè)的，然而又不得不等其他同學(xué)的節(jié)奏，故選C。
4.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月調(diào)研考】
Phineas T Barnum is the best-knwn circus business wner f the nineteenth century. He excelled as a shwman, and thrughut his career in the entertainment business, he prmted many different frms f attractins.
Barnum’s first industry was as a newspaper wner. He als wrked as a writer and publisher. His enduring fame, hwever, is as a shwman. Barnum cnsidered this t be his main talent and he never changed this view f his character.
T. Barnum’s entertainment interests cvered museums, traveling dance trupes (團(tuán)), and even the mid-century US tur by Jenny Lind, the Swedish singer. He was, by nature, a risk-taker, and usually gained success frm the mst unlikely enterprises.
Barnum was willing t adpt any tactic that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New Yrk included haxes and freaks (惡作劇和怪物), bth human and animal. This was nt unusual by the standards f the time, but even he felt the need t prve his haxes fair, as advertising tricks.
Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business. He pened America’s first aquarium (水館) and pened a theater in New Yrk that was the largest and mst mdern in the city. He aimed t change the public knwledge f theaters, and in this, he largely succeeded. He made theater-ging respectable.
Determinatin and hard wrk featured majrly in the qualities that Barnum displayed, and he frequently spke abut the necessity f bth. He believed success nly came t thse wh wrked fr it and knew they had the self-determinatin necessary. He als stated the necessity f understanding the business that a persn was running. Knwledge and experience cunted fr much in Barnum’s life, and he certainly knew the entertainment business.
Success in life, accrding t Barnum, culd nly be achieved when a persn is in gd health. He advised that getting healthy and maintaining a healthy bdy and mind wuld lead t happiness as well as success.
1．What did Barnum think was his mst successful career?
A．A writer.B．A publisher.
C．A shwman.D．A newspaper wner.
2．What des the underlined wrd “tactic” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Media.B．Strategy.C．Supprt.D．Opprtunity.
3．Why des the authr mentin Barnum’s success in pening the aquarium and theater?
A．T shw Barnum’s firm beliefs in his wn capacity.
B．T tell us chances are imprtant fr any business.
C．T explain what kind f business was successful.
D．T indicate hw bad peple’s life was at that time.
4．Which f the fllwing can best describe Barnum and his business?
A．Eventful.B．Adventurus.C．Unsteady.D．Outstanding.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了娛樂大亨Phineas T Barnum的職業(yè)生涯。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“His enduring fame, hwever, is as a shwman. Barnum cnsidered this t be his main talent and he never changed this view f his character.(然而，他持久的名聲是作為一名娛樂經(jīng)理人。Barnum認(rèn)為這是他的主要天賦，他從未改變對自己特點(diǎn)的看法)”可知，Barnum認(rèn)為他作為娛樂經(jīng)理人是最成功的。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Barnum was willing t adpt any tactic that publicized his businesses. His American Museum in New Yrk included haxes and freaks, bth human and animal. This was nt unusual by the standards f the time, but even he felt the need t prve his haxes fair, as advertising tricks.(Barnum愿意采取任何宣傳其業(yè)務(wù)的tactic 。他在紐約的美國博物館收藏了人類和動物的惡作劇和怪物。以當(dāng)時(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，這并不罕見，但即使是他也覺得有必要證明自己的騙局是合理的，就像廣告伎倆一樣)”可知，Barnum愿意采用任何策略來宣傳其業(yè)務(wù)，并證明其策略是合理的，推測劃線單詞表示“策略”，與strategy同義。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business. He pened America’s first aquarium and pened a theater in New Yrk that was the largest and mst mdern in the city. He aimed t change the public knwledge f theaters, and in this, he largely succeeded. (Barnum的無限自信意味著他從不懷疑自己在任何業(yè)務(wù)上取得成功的能力。他開設(shè)了美國第一家水族館，并在紐約開設(shè)了一家劇院，這是該市最大、最現(xiàn)代化的劇院。他旨在改變公眾對戲劇的認(rèn)知，并在這方面取得了很大的成功)”可知，作者提到Barnum在水族館和劇院方面的成功，是為了展示Barnum對自己能力的堅(jiān)定自信。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“He excelled as a shwman, and thrughut his career in the entertainment business, he prmted many different frms f attractins.(作為一名娛樂經(jīng)理人，他表現(xiàn)出色，在娛樂業(yè)的整個(gè)職業(yè)生涯中，他推廣了許多不同形式的景點(diǎn))”、第三段“He was, by nature, a risk-taker, and usually gained success frm the mst unlikely enterprises.(他天生就是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)者，通常從最不可能的企業(yè)那里獲得成功)”、第五段“Barnum’s unbunded self-cnfidence meant he never dubted his ability t make a success f any business.(Barnum的無限自信意味著他從不懷疑自己在任何業(yè)務(wù)上取得成功的能力)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，Barnum在許多行業(yè)取得成功，并對自己的能力具備自信，所以Barnum及其事業(yè)是杰出的。故選D項(xiàng)。
5.【遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2025學(xué)年高三12月聯(lián)考】
It is becming mre apparent nw that students d mre nline learning than they ever have befre. There are plenty f ways that educatrs can use technlgy t create nline lessns and deliver instructins remtely.
Yu may think that the nly way t run an nline class is synchrnusly thrugh web cnferences, in the same way that physical learning des—with all f the students and the teacher present at the same time. In mst cases, that wn’t be very practical, since the prbability that all f the learners and the educatr being all tgether with live, stable Internet cnnectins is relatively lw.
The mst crucial thing t keep in mind is that nline learning des nt need t take place at the same time as nline teaching. Yu create a curse in yur LMS (Learning Management System) t be a series f mdules (模塊). Then yu ask yur learners t take the mdules ne after anther, because each builds n the last. Each mdule may be a vide that yu created regarding the cntent, accmpanied by a PDF, sme relevant dcuments and third-party links, etc. Learners can lg int the virtual classrm whenever they want, even during the early hurs f the mrning, t access each mdule in the rder yu have designed. Yu can als lay ut sme essential rules fr the curse, like the frequency and types f assessments and mre.
As far as I’m cncerned, while mst f the time nline learning saves the learning cst and prvides diverse studying materials and instructins frm educatrs, allwing yur learners the freedm t d their cursewrk accrding t their schedules is what makes nline learning distinctive. It helps bst engagement, teach yur learners hw t plan fr themselves and be respnsible, and imprve their verall lives.
1．What des the underlined wrd “synchrnusly” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．At the same time.B．In the same place.
C．On varius cnditins.D．Thrugh different channels.
2．Why are learners suppsed t fllw the mdules in a certain rder?
A．Every mdule has essential rules.
B．The mdules deal with varius tpics.
C．Each mdule is based n the previus ne.
D．The mdules are designed in different frms.
3．What makes nline learning unique accrding t the authr?
A．Flexible learning time.B．Easy access t teachers.
C．Abundant learning resurces.D．Affrdable educatin fee.
4．Wh are the target readers f the text?
A．Students.B．Parents.C．Officials.D．Teachers.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章講述了網(wǎng)課越來越常見，上網(wǎng)課的形式不一定是教與學(xué)同步進(jìn)行，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)老師設(shè)計(jì)的教學(xué)內(nèi)容自主選擇學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，這樣能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的責(zé)任心和自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“in the same way that physical learning des—with all f the students and the teacher present at the same time.”（就像線下學(xué)習(xí)一樣，所有的學(xué)生和老師同時(shí)在場）可知，“synchrnusly”意為“同時(shí)”。故選A。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Then yu ask yur learners t take the mdules ne after anther, because each builds n the last.” （然后你要求你的學(xué)習(xí)者一個(gè)接一個(gè)地學(xué)習(xí)這些模塊，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)模塊都是在上一個(gè)模塊的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建的）可知，學(xué)習(xí)者要按一定順序?qū)W習(xí)這些模塊，原因是每個(gè)模塊都是以前一個(gè)模塊為基礎(chǔ)的。故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“As far as I’m cncerned, while mst f the time nline learning saves the learning cst and prvides diverse studying materials and instructins frm educatrs, allwing yur learners the freedm t d their cursewrk accrding t their schedules is what makes nline learning distinctive.”（就我而言，雖然在線學(xué)習(xí)很多時(shí)候節(jié)省了學(xué)習(xí)的費(fèi)用并且提供多樣的學(xué)習(xí)材料和教師指導(dǎo)，但是讓你的學(xué)習(xí)者能夠根據(jù)自己的時(shí)間表自由地完成課程是在線學(xué)習(xí)與眾不同的地方）可推知，作者認(rèn)為靈活的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間使得在線4．推理判斷題。依據(jù)全文，尤其是“Yu create a curse...”（你創(chuàng)建了一門課程……）；“yu ask yur learners t….”（你要求你的學(xué)生）；“Yu can als lay ut sme essential rules…”（你也可以列出一些基本規(guī)則……）；“teach yur learners…. ”（教你的學(xué)生……）可推知，本文的目標(biāo)讀者是教師。故選D。
分層練B
1.【江蘇省決勝新高考2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月大聯(lián)考】
The arrival f spring has seemingly unchangeable results-lengthening days, blssming plants and a great increase in bees’ activity. But new research finds that many species f birds are nesting and laying eggs nearly a mnth earlier than they did a century ag.
These species, including bluejays, yellw warblers and field sparrws, are nw laying their first eggs 25 days earlier, n average, than they were 100 years ag, the research has fund. The heating f the atmsphere, due t the burning f fssil fuels, is seemingly changing a prcess that lng appeared unshakeable.
The study, published in the Jurnal f Animal Eclgy, drew upn recrds f birds’ eggs gathered during a perid, frm abut 1880 t 1920, when peple culd rampantly (猖獗的) cllect them frm nests withut punishment. These recrds, largely cnsisting f bxes f eggs with hand-written labels describing the type f bird and when the eggs were cllected, were cmpared with mdern nesting data checked by researchers, wh used mirrrs munted n lng ples t bserve high-up nests.
A mdel built by the researchers revealed that birds mving their nesting dates frward has been clsely crrelated with rising carbn dixide levels in the atmsphere, a leading driver f rising glbal temperatures.
Birds chse when t nest in line with ther develpments in spring, such as the budding (發(fā)芽) f plants and the increase in insect numbers. These interactins f nature are being unpicked by climate change — in the US bears are emerging frm hibernatin earlier and cherry, peach, pear, apple and plum trees are blssming weeks earlier than they nce did. In the UK, plants flwered a full mnth earlier between 1987 and 2019 than they did befre 1986, recent research fund.
“If yu’re a bird and yu nest earlier, yu put yurself at risk f these cld snaps (寒流) that can still arrive in spring, which then affects the plants and insects,” said Bates. “That then impacts the reprductive success f the birds. Springs are becming mre vlatile (反復(fù)無常) and that is taking its tll.”
1．What might be respnsible fr the birds’ earlier nest and laying eggs?
A．Lengthening spring days.B．Glbal warming.
C．Blssming plants.D．The increase in bees’ activity.
2．Hw did the researchers get their finding?
A．By referring t previus researches.
B．By mnitring birds’ behaviur.
C．By investigating birds’ habitats.
D．By cmparing data frm different perids.
3．Why are bears and plants mentined in Para.6?
A．T explain a rule.B．T clarify a cncept.
C．T prve a statement.D．T make a predictin.
4．What des the underlined phrase “taking its tll” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Upsetting balance f nature.B．Shaping landscape.
C．Receiving attentin.D．Causing lss.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了氣候變遷造成鳥類提前筑巢和下蛋的情況。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The heating f the atmsphere, due t the burning f fssil fuels, is seemingly changing a prcess that lng appeared unshakeable.(燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致的大氣變暖，似乎正在改變一個(gè)長期以來看似不可動搖的過程)”可知，全球變暖也許導(dǎo)致了這些鳥更早的筑巢和產(chǎn)卵。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“These recrds, largely cnsisting f bxes f eggs with hand-written labels describing the type f bird and when the eggs were cllected, were cmpared with mdern nesting data checked by researchers, wh used mirrrs munted n lng ples t bserve high-up nests.(這些記錄主要由一盒雞蛋組成，上面有手寫的標(biāo)簽，描述了鳥類的類型和收集雞蛋的時(shí)間。研究人員將這些記錄與現(xiàn)代筑巢數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較，研究人員使用安裝在長桿子上的鏡子來觀察高處的巢穴)”可推知，研究人員通過比較不同時(shí)期的數(shù)據(jù)來得到他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Birds chse when t nest in line with ther develpments in spring, such as the budding f plants and the increase in insect numbers. These interactins f nature are being unpicked by climate change — in the US bears are emerging frm hibernatin earlier and cherry, peach, pear, apple and plum trees are blssming weeks earlier than they nce did.(鳥類根據(jù)春天的其他情況來選擇筑巢時(shí)間，比如植物發(fā)芽和昆蟲數(shù)量的增加。這些自然界的相互作用正被氣候變化破壞——在美國，熊更早地從冬眠中醒來，櫻桃、桃子、梨、蘋果和李樹的開花時(shí)間比以前提前了幾周)”可推知，后面的熊和植物例子是說明這一點(diǎn)的。故選C項(xiàng)。
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中““If yu’re a bird and yu nest earlier, yu put yurself at risk f these cld snaps that can still arrive in spring, which then affects the plants and insects,” said Bates. “That then impacts the reprductive success f the birds.(“如果你是一只鳥，提早筑巢，你就會面臨春天仍然可能到來的寒流的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這會影響植物和昆蟲，”貝茨說?！斑@會影響鳥類的繁殖成功率)”可知，此處講的是造成的影響。由此推知，taking its tll為“造成損失”的意思，與D項(xiàng)Causing lss“造成損失”意思一致。故選D項(xiàng)。
2.【江蘇省南京市第一中學(xué)2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月質(zhì)量檢測】
Diana Glden was twelve years ld when she had cancer. She was walking hme ne day after playing in the snw when her right leg simply gave ut. Dctrs diagnsed the prblem as bne cancer. They recmmended remving her leg abve the knee.
When Diana heard the news, she asked the nly first questin: “Will I be still able t ski?”
“When the dctrs said yes,” she later recalled, “I figured it wuldn’t be t bad.”
Lsing a leg wuld cause mst children t lse cnfidence and hpe, but Diana refused t dwell n the negative. “It is nthing. A bdy part.” she’d say.
Mst f all, Diana was nt discuraged. She lved skiing and she had been n skis since the age f five. After the peratin, Diana wrked hard t get back t the muntain near her hme. “I always skied and I intended t keep n skiing. I never dubt that.” she declared. Diana met her gal. She was back ut n the slpes.
With just ne leg, Diana made the best f it. In high schl, Diana became a member f her schl’s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just seventeen, she jined the US Disabled Ski Team.
After high schl, Diana went n t Dartmuth Cllege. Determined nt t be left behind, Diana cntinued her training with the Dartmuth team. “I had ne leg, which meant I had t d it differently.” she later explained.
In 1982, Diana entered her first internatinal ski race. She wn the wrld Handicapped Champinship in Nrway. In 1986, Diana wn the Beck Award given t the best American racer in internatinal skiing. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing Magazine’s U.S. Female Skier f the Year.
With her curage and determinatin, Diana has changed hw peple lk at disabled athletes. “Everyne has sme kind f disability,” Diana says. “It’s what we d with ur abilities that matters.”
In 1990, Diana retired frm racing fr gd.
1．What des the underlined phrase “dwell n” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Put away.B．Think abut.
C．Leave behind.D．Hang ver.
2．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f the events happening t Diana?
a. Diana entered her first internatinal ski race.
b. Diana was diagnsed with bne cancer.
c. She practiced skiing at the age f five.
d. Diana began training with the Dartmuth team.
e. She became a member f the US Disabled Ski Team.
A．bcade.B．cbdae.C．cbeda.D．bceda.
3．The writer prbably wrte this text t ___________.
A．infrm the readers abut disabled skiers
B．describe the events in internatinal ski cmpetitins
C．tell abut the disadvantages f being a disabled skier
D．inspire the readers with Diana’s curage and reslutin
4．What wuld be the suitable title f this text?
A．G fr the gldB．Lse a leg
C．Ski t the last minuteD．Cmpete fr the disabled
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。Diana Glden在12歲時(shí)因患癌癥而失去了一條腿，但這并沒有阻礙她追逐夢想，1982年在挪威成為世界殘疾人錦標(biāo)賽冠軍，1986年，獲得了貝克獎，1988年，被《滑雪賽車》雜志評為年度美國女性滑雪者。她的勇氣和決心改變了人們對殘疾運(yùn)動員的看法。
1．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Lsing a leg wuld cause mst children t lse cnfidence and hpe, but Diana refused t dwell n the negative. ‘It is nthing. A bdy part.’ she’d say. (失去一條腿會使大多數(shù)孩子失去信心和希望，但戴安娜拒絕dwell n在消極的情緒中?！@沒有關(guān)系。身體的某一部分?！胝f)”可知，大多人會因?yàn)槭チ艘粭l腿而失去信心和希望，劃線詞后的 the negative指代前半句的lse cnfidence and hpe這種負(fù)面心理，根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but以及謂語動詞refused可知，Diana 與其他大多數(shù)孩子不同，她對這種負(fù)面心理是拒絕的態(tài)度，B項(xiàng)“Think abut”意為“考慮”，Diana拒絕考慮那些負(fù)面情緒。B項(xiàng)與劃線詞意義相近，故選B項(xiàng)。
2．細(xì)節(jié)排序題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“She lved skiing and she had been n skis since the age f five. (她喜歡滑雪，從5歲起就開始滑雪了。)”，第一段“Diana Glden was twelve years ld when she had cancer. (戴安娜·戈?duì)柕腔及┌Y時(shí)12歲)”可知，五歲開始化學(xué)的Diana12歲時(shí)被診斷患了癌癥。按順序?yàn)閏d，故先排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。第六段中“With just ne leg, Diana made the best f it. In high schl, Diana became a member f her schl’s ski racing team. And in 1979, when she was just seventeen, she jined the US Disabled Ski Team. (只有一條腿的戴安娜充分利用了這一點(diǎn)。高中時(shí)，戴安娜成為學(xué)校滑雪賽車隊(duì)的一員。1979年，年僅17歲的她加入了美國殘疾人滑雪隊(duì)。)”可知，17歲時(shí)Diana進(jìn)了美國殘疾人滑雪隊(duì)，故排在第三個(gè)的是e；第七段中“After high schl, Diana went n t Dartmuth Cllege. Determined nt t be left behind, Diana cntinued her training with the Dartmuth team.(高中畢業(yè)后，戴安娜去了達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院。黛安娜決心不掉隊(duì)，繼續(xù)跟隨達(dá)特茅斯隊(duì)訓(xùn)練。)”，第四個(gè)為d。排除法，故選C項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。文章介紹了因骨癌致殘的Diana身殘志堅(jiān)，熱衷于滑雪，在倒數(shù)第二段“With her curage and determinatin, Diana has changed hw peple lk at disabled athletes (憑借她的勇氣和決心，Diana改變了人們對殘疾運(yùn)動員的看法)”可知，文章介紹Diana，以期借助于Diana的勇氣的決心來鼓勵讀者。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章介紹了因骨癌致殘的Diana身殘志堅(jiān)，熱衷于滑雪，并在倒數(shù)第三段“In 1982, Diana entered her first internatinal ski race. She wn the wrld Handicapped Champinship in Nrway. In 1986, Diana wn the Beck Award given t the best American racer in internatinal skiing. And in 1988, she was named Ski Racing Magazine’s U.S. Female Skier f the Year. (1982年，戴安娜第一次參加國際滑雪比賽。她在挪威贏得了世界殘疾人錦標(biāo)賽。1986年，黛安娜獲得了貝克獎，該獎是頒發(fā)給國際滑雪比賽中最優(yōu)秀的美國選手的。1988年，她被《滑雪賽車》雜志評為年度美國女性滑雪者。)”可知，失去了一條腿并沒有阻止她前進(jìn)的腳步，她一路更加努力并成為獲得世界殘疾人錦標(biāo)賽冠軍，A項(xiàng)“G fr the gld ( 爭奪金牌)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
3.【浙江省慈溪市2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月適應(yīng)性考試】
Frm cwby hats and cattle t barbecue and ftball, Texas is knwn fr many things. One thing the Lne Star State is nt knwn fr, hwever, is winter weather.
That changed in February last year, when winter strm buried Texas in ice and snw. It raged fr a ttal f eight days, 23 hurs, and 23 minutes, which was ne f the mst impactful winter events in recent histry.
Accrding t Texas TV statin, winter strm Landn was s extreme that it caused trees acrss nrth Texas t “explde”, filling lcal cmmunities with bms that sunded mre like gunshts than tree branches.
The phenmenn f “explding trees” isn’t as unusual r as terrifying as it sunds, accrding t Janet, wh says trees ften freeze and burst as a result f rapid temperature shifts. “Our wide temperature swings mean that trees may nt be cmpletely drmant (休眠的) r prepared fr the cld,” Janet said. “Trees have several mechanisms they use t prevent freezing. They take cues t get adapted and ready fr the freeze.”
In trees that aren’t cmpletely inactive, cld weather causes tree sap t freeze. When that happens, the sap expands beynd what the tree’s bark can cntain. And s, the tree splits in places that can’t cpe with the pressure, creating cracks knwn as “frst cracks”. Althugh trees d nt actually explde int pieces when frst cracks happen, there may be lud nises and visible fractures (折斷), and heavy branches can fall t the grund.
“Trees explde in cld weather because the water cntent in the cells and tissues freezes,” MacKenzie said. “Frm midwinter t early spring this can ccur when the temperature swings, snw melts and warm sun, cld nights wrk in harmny. It is usually nthing t be t cncerned abut; the tree will start t heal just as quickly. I have been awakened many cld winter nights hearing the trees explde.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t?
A．Texas is related t American ftball.
B．Texas is little knwn fr its winter weather.
C．Texas is a suitable place fr raising cattle.
D．Texas has a famus histry f cwbys.
2．What des Janet think causes the trees t explde?
A．The ccurrence f the winter strm.
B．The fragile tree branches in winter.
C．The sudden change f temperatures.
D．The trees’ preparatin fr the cld.
3．What des the fifth paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The effect f cld weather n plants.
B．Ways t help trees prevent freezing.
C．The rle f sap in winter.
D．The reasn why trees explde.
4．What des MacKenzie imply in his wrds?
A．Tree explsin is a natural phenmenn.
B．Melting snw can lead t tree explsin.
C．Trees may explde even in warm nights.
D．Peple shuld be careful abut explding trees.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文，主要分析了冬季風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)致德克薩斯州北部的樹木“爆炸”這一現(xiàn)象。
1．詞義猜測題。劃線詞That是指示代詞，往往指代前文內(nèi)容，所以線索指向第一段。由第一段“Frm cwby hats and cattle t barbecue and ftball, Texas is knwn fr many things. One thing the Lne Star State is nt knwn fr, hwever, is winter weather. (從牛仔帽和牛到燒烤和足球，得克薩斯州以很多東西聞名。然而，孤星州有一件事并不為人所知，那就是冬天的天氣)”關(guān)鍵詞hwever可知，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容是重點(diǎn)，所以此處that指代在孤星州，并不是所有人都知道冬天的天氣。故答案為B。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The phenmenn f “explding trees” isn’t as unusual r as terrifying as it sunds, accrding t Janet, wh says trees ften freeze and burst as a result f rapid temperature shifts. (Janet認(rèn)為“樹木爆炸”的現(xiàn)象并不像聽起來那么不尋?；蚩膳拢f，由于氣溫的快速變化，樹木經(jīng)常會結(jié)冰和爆裂)”可知，Janet認(rèn)為是由于天氣的快速變化導(dǎo)致樹木爆炸。故答案為C。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“In trees that aren’t cmpletely inactive, cld weather causes tree sap t freeze. When that happens, the sap expands beynd what the tree’s bark can cntain. And s, the tree splits in places that can’t cpe with the pressure, creating cracks knwn as “frst cracks”. Althugh trees d nt actually explde int pieces when frst cracks happen, there may be lud nises and visible fractures (折斷)，and heavy branches can fall t the grund.(在那些不是完全不活躍的樹木中，寒冷的天氣會導(dǎo)致樹液凍結(jié)。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，樹液會膨脹到超出樹皮所能容納的范圍。因此，樹木在無法承受壓力的地方裂開，形成了被稱為“霜裂縫”的裂縫。雖然霜裂發(fā)生時(shí)樹木不會爆炸成碎片，但可能會有很大的噪音和可見的裂縫(折斷)，沉重的樹枝可能會掉落到地上)”可知，本段詳細(xì)描述了為什么天氣的急劇變化會導(dǎo)致樹木爆炸，所以D選項(xiàng)“樹木爆炸的原因”貼合本段主旨。故答案為D。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Frm midwinter t early spring this can ccur when the temperature swings, snw melts and warm sun, cld nights wrk in harmny. (從仲冬到初春，氣溫波動，積雪融化，溫暖的太陽和寒冷的夜晚和諧相處，就會出現(xiàn)這種情況)”和“It is usually nthing t be t cncerned abut; the tree will start t heal just as quickly. (這通常沒什么好擔(dān)心的；這棵樹很快就會開始愈合)”可推測出MacKenzie 認(rèn)為樹木爆炸是一種常見的自然現(xiàn)象，沒有什么好擔(dān)心的，所以A選項(xiàng)“樹木爆炸是一種自然現(xiàn)象”符合題意。故答案為A。
4.【浙江省舟山市2022-2025學(xué)年高考首考模擬英語試卷（二）】
If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister — yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss — yu prbably will give up.
Nw researchers have made prgress in understanding hw mammals’ brain encdes scial rank and uses this infrmatin t shape behavirs — such as whether t fight fr the last pizza slice. They discvered that an area f the brain called the medial prefrntal crtex (mPFC) was respnsible fr representing scial rank in mammals; changes t a muse’s mPFC affected its dminance behavir. But it was unknwn hw the mPFC represented this infrmatin and which neurns(神經(jīng)元) were invlved in changing dminance behaviur.
In the new study, Prfessr Kay Tye let grups f fur mice share a cage. Sme mice became mre dminant and thers mre subrdinate. As sn as the mice were paired up, he discvered, the activity f their mPFC neurns culd predict — with 90 percent certainty — the rank f their ppnent.
“We expected animals might nly signal rank when they are in a cmpetitin,” says c-researcher Nancy. “But it turns ut animals walk arund with this representatin f scial rank all the time.”
When the researchers next asked whether the activity f the mPFC neurns was assciated with behaviur, they fund smething surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviur, such as hw fast a muse mved, and they als culd predict — a full 30 secnds befre the cmpetitin started — which muse wuld win the fd reward.
The winner was nt always the mre dminant, but the ne engaged in a winning mindset. Just as yu might smetimes be in a mre cmpetitive md and be mre likely t snatch that pizza slice befre yur bss, a subrdinate muse might be in a mre winning mindset than a mre dminant muse and end up winning.
The areas f the mPFC assciated with scial rank and winning mindset are next t ne anther and highly cnnected. Signals n scial rank impact the state f the brain invlved in winning mindset. In ther wrds, a subrdinate muse’s cnfidence and winning mindset may partially decrease when faced with a dminant ne.
“This is further evidence t suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with thers cmpared t when we’re alne,” says Tye.
1．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T prvide backgrund infrmatin.B．T state the imprtance f scial rank.
C．T give readers an example f scial rank.D．T intrduce the tpic f the reading passage.
2．What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．The mPFC neurns.B．The researchers.
C．The brain activity patterns.D．The changes in behaviur.
3．What can we learn frm the new study?
A．Brain activities can influence scial rank.
B．Dminant ppnents bst winning mindset.
C．Scial rank and winning mindset affect behaviur.
D．Animals nly exhibit their rank in cmpetitin.
4．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Winning mindset establishes dminance.
B．Scial rank guides cmpetitive behaviur.
C．A subrdinate muse can never been a winner.
D．Awareness f different peple arund yu make yur brain use different neurns.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員對大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域如何參與改變支配行為的研究，得出結(jié)論：處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人更容易成為具有統(tǒng)治力的人，意識到周圍不同的人會讓你的大腦使用不同的神經(jīng)元。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister—yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss—yu prbably will give up. But if yu’re hungry and feeling particularly cnfident, yu might g fr it. ” (如果你在派對上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時(shí)看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺特別自信，你可能會去拿披薩。)結(jié)合之后文章提出大腦中一個(gè)叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域負(fù)責(zé)代表哺乳動物的社會地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個(gè)主要話題。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“When the researchers next asked whether the activity f the mPFC neurns was assciated with behaviur, they fund smething surprising. The brain activity patterns were linked with slight changes in behaviur, such as hw fast a muse mved, and they als culd predict—a full 30 secnds befre the cmpetitin started—which muse wuld win the fd reward. ” (當(dāng)研究人員再次詢問mPFC神經(jīng)元的活動是否與行為有關(guān)時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動模式與行為的輕微變化有關(guān)，例如老鼠移動的速度，它們還可以在比賽開始前整整30秒預(yù)測哪只老鼠會贏得食物獎勵。)可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦活動模式與行為密切相關(guān)，劃線部分的“they”指的是大腦活動模式。故選C項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The areas f the mPFC assciated with scial rank and “winning mindset” are next t ne anther and highly cnnected. Signals n scial rank impact the state f the brain invlved in “winning mindset”. In ther wrds, a subrdinate muse’s cnfidence and “winning mindset” may partially decrease when faced with a dminant ne. ”( mPFC中與社會地位和“獲勝心態(tài)”相關(guān)的區(qū)域彼此相鄰，高度相關(guān)。社會等級的信號會影響“獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。換句話說，當(dāng)面對占優(yōu)勢的老鼠時(shí)，從屬老鼠的信心和“獲勝心態(tài)”可能會部分下降。)可知社會地位和獲勝心態(tài)可能會影響心態(tài)，從而影響行為。故選C項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“If yu’ re reaching fr the last piece f pizza at a party, and meanwhile see anther hand ging fr it, yur next mve prbably depends n hw yu feel and whm the hand belngs t. Yur little sister — yu might just grab the pizza. Yur bss — yu prbably will give up. ” (如果你在派對上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時(shí)看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會放棄。)；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段““This is further evidence t suggest that we are in different brain states when we are with thers cmpared t when we’re alne,” says Tye. ” (Tye說，這是進(jìn)一步的證據(jù)表明，當(dāng)我們和別人在一起時(shí)，與我們獨(dú)自一人時(shí)相比，我們的大腦狀態(tài)是不同的。)可知，我們大腦的神經(jīng)元會隨著周圍不同的人而發(fā)生改變。故選D項(xiàng)。
5.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月調(diào)研考】
The next big stage, the imprvement frm autmatic t truly autnmus trains, is already here. It will take train autnmy t the next level, beynd the autmated perfrmance n clsed lps (圈；環(huán)) such as autmatic rail lines tday and nt the vast expanse f internatinal railways.
That will mean that the next generatin f trains will be able t lcate themselves in their envirnment and interact with ther train traffic withut human assistance. They will have the ability t detect and manage n their wn all elements f their envirnment, designed by a cnnected traffic management system.
The transitin tward train autnmy is speeding, says Kai Taylr, Thales Marketing & Cmmunicatins Directr Main Line Rail Signalling, and fr a reasn that can be summed up in ne wrd: digitalisatin.
“The key t success,” says Kai Taylr, “is in fact what is in ‘the Thales DNA’ — the digital technlgies acrss Thales business units-aerspace, space, transprtatin, defence and security.”
“These technlgies represent the pieces f the puzzle t achieve real train autnmy. They are artificial intelligence, big data, cnnectivity, including the internet f things linking trains t intelligent railway switches, and with netsecurity built in. We have sensrs fr bstacle (障礙) detectin frm Thales defence, safe and precise satellite psitining frm ur space and avinics (航空電子設(shè)備) divisin, IT cnnectivity frm ur recent purchase Gemalt, cybersecurity frm the Thales security sectr and the trusted explainable and apprvable artificial intelligence led by Thales fr safe decisins. Taken tgether, they will prvide the train with true autnmy fr safe and efficient peratins.”
Of curse, all these technlgies are at the base f the Thales grund and air transprtatin sectr’s current fferings fr efficient, safe and reliable travel in the air r n the grund.
Kai Taylr explains, “We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects f mbility, including Thales glbal leadership in air and train management systems which are assuring rail and air travel fr airlines and rail peratrs all ver the wrld.”
1．What will truly autnmus trains d?
A．Carry ut the autmated perfrmance n clsed lps.
B．Cmmunicate with ther trains with the help f humans.
C．Examine and deal with the situatins f the surrundings.
D．Travel autmatically with great speeds using slar pwers.
2．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Their envirnment.B．The transitin’ speeding.
C．Human assistance.D．The ability t lcate themselves.
3．What des paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A．Hw digitalisatin wrks in real train autnmy.
B．What sensrs n the autnmus trains deal with
C．What will prvide the train with safety and efficiency.
D．Hw bstacles are remved frm the paths f trains.
4．What’s Kai Taylr’s attitude twards the future f autnmus trains?
A．Cautius.B．Cncerned.
C．Critical.D．Cnfident.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了列車由自動向自主發(fā)展的趨勢。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段的第二句“They will have the ability t detect and manage n their wn all elements f their envirnment, designed by a cnnected traffic management system.”（經(jīng)關(guān)聯(lián)交通管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，自主運(yùn)行列車能夠獨(dú)立檢測與處理全部環(huán)境因素。）可知，自主運(yùn)行列車可以獨(dú)立檢測和處理環(huán)境因素。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。結(jié)合指代關(guān)系和上文“The transitin tward train autnmy is speeding”（列車自主化的變革正在加快腳步）可知，此處that指代的是上文提到的“列車自主化的變革速度”。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．主旨大意題。通讀全段，結(jié)合首句中的“These technlgies”（這些技術(shù)）可知，全段講述了諸如物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、障礙物檢測傳感器、衛(wèi)星定位、人工智能等數(shù)字化技術(shù)在自主運(yùn)行列車上的運(yùn)用。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。文章最后一段講述了凱·泰勒對自主運(yùn)行列車的看法，其中由“We’re unique in having the experience and the expertise in all aspects f mbility”（我們在各方面的流動性具有獨(dú)到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與專業(yè)知識）可知，凱·泰勒表示他們具備獨(dú)一無二的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與專業(yè)知識，說明他對自主運(yùn)行列車是非常有信心的。故選D項(xiàng)。
6.【2025屆四川省資陽市高中高三上學(xué)期第一次診斷性考試】
Each year n Octber 15, Glbal Handwashing Day is bserved t strengthen the health awareness and prevent the spread f infectius diseases. And a hand—shaped rbt called “Pepe”, which encurages kids t wash their hands, has helped pupils at a remte Indian primary schl t develp habits f persnal hygiene (衛(wèi)生).
Pepe was fixed n the wall abve a hand—washing statin at Wayanad Gvernment Primary Schl in Kerala, which has abut 100 pupils aged 5 and 10. A small vide screen behind the green plastic Pepe acted as a “muth”, allwing researchers t tele—perate the rbt t speak t the pupils and draw their attentin t the pster utlining the steps f effective hand—washing. A set f mving “eyes” helped Pepe pay attentin t the children’s actins.
The rbt helped pupils wash their hands mre effectively, increasing their rates f hand—washing by 40 percent. Pupils spent twice as lng washing their hands after Pepe’s arrival. And mre than 95% f the students culd crrectly determine when hand—washing with sap has t be dne—befre a meal and after a visit t the tilet.
Hand—washing is ne f the mst effective ways against the spread f diarrhea and respiratry infectins. Dr. Aml Deshmukh, frm the University f Glasgw’s Schl f Cmputing Science, led the prject in partnership with clleagues frm Amrita University. He said, “We were delighted by the success f Pepe’s visit t this primary schl. The children were excited t interact with this relatively simple machine, which was clearly gd fr keeping their hands clean. Dr. Bhavani frm Amrita University said,” AMMACHI (Amrita Multi Mdal Applicatin and Cmputer Human Interactin) Labs have taken multi plans t address cmmn challenges facing lw—incme rural cmmunities in India and wrldwide using technlgy.”
1．Why was “Pepe” fixed at the Primary Schl?
A．T watch n pupil’ actins.B．T wash children’s hands.
C．T freshen the envirnment.D．T develp children’s health habits.
2．Hw did the rbt bring changes t the pupils?
A．By playing with pupils.B．By prviding knwledge.
C．By ffering pupils sap.D．By washing pupils’ hands.
3．What can yu learn abut Pepe’s visit t the primary schl?
A．It was a failure.B．It had n effect.
C．It was a success.D．It was a waste f time.
4．What des the underlined wrd “address” in the last paragraph mean?
A．deal with.B．write a place n.C．make a speech t.D．speak t.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了為了讓孩子們養(yǎng)成洗手的好習(xí)慣，印度一學(xué)校在洗手站上方的墻安裝了一個(gè)機(jī)器人來吸引學(xué)生的注意力，讓他們勤洗手。這個(gè)機(jī)器人提高了學(xué)生洗手的頻率。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“And a hand—shaped rbt called “Pepe”, which encurages kids t wash their hands, has helped pupils at a remte Indian primary schl t develp habits f persnal hygiene (衛(wèi)生).(一個(gè)叫“Pepe”的手形機(jī)器人鼓勵孩子們洗手，它幫助印度一所偏遠(yuǎn)小學(xué)的學(xué)生養(yǎng)成了個(gè)人衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。)”可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人就是為了鼓勵學(xué)生養(yǎng)成洗手的好習(xí)慣。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“A small vide screen behind the green plastic Pepe acted as a “muth”, allwing researchers t tele—perate the rbt t speak t the pupils and draw their attentin t the pster utlining the steps f effective hand—washing. A set f mving “eyes” helped Pepe pay attentin t the children’s actins.(綠色塑料Pepe后面的一個(gè)小電視屏幕充當(dāng)了一個(gè)“嘴”，使研究人員能夠遙控機(jī)器人對學(xué)生說話，并把他們的注意力吸引到概述有效洗手步驟的海報(bào)上。一組移動的“眼睛”幫助佩佩注意孩子們的行動。)”可知，研究人員通過操控這個(gè)機(jī)器人來讓學(xué)生關(guān)注墻上的海報(bào)，海報(bào)上有關(guān)于有效洗手的步驟，來告知學(xué)生如何洗手。因此可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人是通過給學(xué)生傳播一些關(guān)于洗手方面的知識來幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成勤洗手的習(xí)慣。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“The rbt helped pupils wash their hands mre effectively, increasing their rates f hand—washing by 40 percent. Pupils spent twice as lng washing their hands after Pepe’s arrival. And mre than 95% f the students culd crrectly determine when hand—washing with sap has t be dne—befre a meal and after a visit t the tilet.(這個(gè)機(jī)器人幫助學(xué)生更有效地洗手，洗手率提高了40%。佩佩到來后，學(xué)生們洗手的時(shí)間增加了一倍。超過95%的學(xué)生能夠正確判斷何時(shí)必須用肥皂洗手——飯前和如廁后。)”可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人的到來提高了學(xué)生的洗手率，使得學(xué)生洗手的時(shí)間增加了一倍，因此可知，它的到來是很成功的。故選C項(xiàng)。
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“He said, “We were delighted by the success f Pepe’s visit t this primary schl. The children were excited t interact with this relatively simple machine, which was clearly gd fr keeping their hands clean. Dr. Bhavani frm Amrita University said,” AMMACHI (Amrita Multi Mdal Applicatin and Cmputer Human Interactin) Labs have taken multi plans t address cmmn challenges facing lw—incme rural cmmunities in India and wrldwide using technlgy.”(他說：“我們對佩佩訪問這所小學(xué)的成功感到高興。孩子們興奮地與這臺相對簡單的機(jī)器互動，這顯然有利于保持他們的手干凈。Amrita大學(xué)的Bhavani博士說：“AMMACHI (Amrita多模式應(yīng)用和人機(jī)交互)實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)采取了多種計(jì)劃，利用技術(shù)解決印度和全世界低收入農(nóng)村社區(qū)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)?！?”可知，機(jī)器人的到來使得學(xué)生們養(yǎng)成勤洗手的習(xí)慣，因此可推知，研究者們利用科技解決了一些問題、一些挑戰(zhàn)，因此可知劃線詞與A項(xiàng)“deal with解決”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。

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相關(guān)試卷更多