英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的考查不但要求理解具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，也要求理解抽象的含義，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解其深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含義及全文的邏輯關(guān)系，又要求根據(jù)其含義及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理和判斷。
英語(yǔ)推理判斷題常用infer, imply,suggest, cnclude, learn, intend, mean, describe, purpse等詞提問(wèn)，或提問(wèn)中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如: can, culd, might, wuld 等何其他表示可能性的副詞或詞組，如prbably, mst likely等。
推理判斷題考查的趨勢(shì)分析：
(1)對(duì)特定的信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：做此類試題時(shí)，要善于某一段話中的'關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。
⑵整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行的推斷：做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來(lái)進(jìn)行推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。
(3)利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行的信息推斷：幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)以及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，因此利用好文章的語(yǔ)境褒貶性就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語(yǔ)境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對(duì)我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)幾發(fā)展變化，從而進(jìn)行正確的邏輯判斷很有好處。
(4)根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度：作者的態(tài)度、傾向是作者對(duì)陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記述或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。因此，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特別注意文章中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。
(5)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系得出結(jié)論：邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路，預(yù)測(cè)下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按照事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)描寫(xiě)。
(6)結(jié)合自己已有的知識(shí)進(jìn)行推斷：知識(shí)推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章意思的結(jié)論的的一種推斷方法。知識(shí)推斷題一般都是針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有充分的理解。
題型特征總覽
推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題, 一般在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上, 通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示, 做出一定的判斷和推理, 從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。
（一）命題方式
(1)We can infer frm the(first/last)paragraph that ______.
(2)The passage/authr implies/suggests that ______.
(3)It can be cncluded frm the passage that ______.
(4)What can we infer/learn frm the stry?
(5)The main purpse f the passage is______.
(6)Where des this passage prbably cme frm?
(7)What’s the authr’s attitude twards. . . ?
（二）選項(xiàng)特征
1. 正確選項(xiàng)的特征
(1)一般根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容, 一步即可推斷出結(jié)果
(2)選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念, 如nly, never, all, abslutely等。正確答案一般比較模糊, 如ften, usually, might, pssibly等
2. 干擾選項(xiàng)的特征
題型突破攻略
一、隱含推斷題
隱含推斷題主要考查考生對(duì)特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合相關(guān)信息的暗示，準(zhǔn)確理解文章寓意或隱含的深層意義的能力。在解答這類題時(shí)，可采用“一步推導(dǎo)”法。即推理判斷題的最近答案原則：推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推出的好。推理判斷題不是考查我們的想象力，它實(shí)際是考查我們?cè)闹械哪骋粋€(gè)點(diǎn)或幾個(gè)點(diǎn)所涉及的問(wèn)題讀透了沒(méi)有。因此做題時(shí)不能想得太多，推得過(guò)遠(yuǎn)，是否把原文讀懂才是關(guān)鍵。此類題目的題干一般包括以下五個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)；cnclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)；indicate(暗示)；imply (暗示)；suggest(暗示)。
【典型例題】 (2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt－free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec－friendly.
31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A．It’s frmal.B．It’s risky.
C．It’s harmful.D．It’s traditinal.
【分析】
·第一步 通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：infer abut wearing fur
·第二步 定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：T give peple a guilt－free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.
·第三步 仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：Mrgan覺(jué)得在紐約，給予人們一種沒(méi)有負(fù)罪感的選擇，他們可以穿海貍鼠皮做的衣服而不被人潑顏料——我認(rèn)為是一件大事， 由此可推斷出穿皮草具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。
二、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常考的一種題型，也是考生很容易失分的一種題型。文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的情感、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：
·Hw des the authr feel
·What des the authr think
·What is the authr’s attitude
·The authr’s attitude be described as ________．
注意：
(1)關(guān)注首段首尾句，確定文章主題，判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
(2)關(guān)注but后表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的語(yǔ)句來(lái)判斷作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。
(3)關(guān)注作者所舉的例子或者所引用的話語(yǔ)，來(lái)判斷文章作者或文中人物的態(tài)度傾向。
(4)關(guān)注文章語(yǔ)言的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度。
(5)不要將個(gè)人的好惡態(tài)度糅進(jìn)題中，要學(xué)會(huì)分清作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。
選項(xiàng)常用詞匯
注意：以下選項(xiàng)一般不是答案
(1)subjective主觀的，一般說(shuō)明性的文章一定是客觀敘述的；
(2)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的，作者既然寫(xiě)文章描述，就一定不會(huì)漠不關(guān)心。
【典型例題】 (2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C)
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse，”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in：“We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther－in－law.”
And what des Nick think？“Frm my standpint，it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it？Yes，I think I wuld.”
29．What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther－in－law?
A．Psitive.B．Carefree.
C．Tlerant.D．Unwilling.
【分析】
·第一步 通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther－in－law
·第二步 定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：“Frm my standpint，it all seems t wrk very well.Wuld I recmmend it? Yes，I think I wuld.”
·第三步 仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：尼克對(duì)于與岳母住在一起持積極的態(tài)度。
三、寫(xiě)作意圖題
通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力，是閱讀理解題中較高層次的題目，它與文章主題不同，但又關(guān)系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意題的一種變體。
1.從寫(xiě)作手法推斷寫(xiě)作目的
2.從字里行間推斷寫(xiě)作目的
在閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把寫(xiě)作意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，需要閱讀者在閱讀、理解整體語(yǔ)篇的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)全篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。
【典型例題】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀C)
In the mid－1990s，Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven mnths，physically brken and having lst his mind.A few years later，still attracted t the cuntry，he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit，hwever，ended up invlving a lt mre than that．Hence this bk，Chasing the Sea：Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia，which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan，where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea.It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land，and f the peple he meets n his way：Rustam，his translatr，a lvely 24－year－ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia，Oleg and Natasha，his hsts in Tashkent，and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan，made f friendliness and warmth，but als its darker side f sciety.In Samarkand，Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders，while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing.In Ferghana，he attends a muntain funeral(葬禮) fllwed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan，he is saddened by the dust strms，diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references，making his tale a well－runded picture f Uzbekistan，seen frm Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American，as well as his delicate stmach.As the authr explains，this is neither a travel nr a histry bk，r even a piece f reprtage.Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
11．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T intrduce a bk.
B．T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C．T remember a writer.
D．T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【分析】
·第一步 審讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：the purpse f this text
·第二步 從字里行間推斷寫(xiě)作目的：迅速讀懂原文理清文章脈絡(luò)：文章開(kāi)頭引出湯姆·比塞爾寫(xiě)書(shū)的背景，從第二段到最后一段分別介紹了這本書(shū)的概要、主要內(nèi)容和對(duì)這本書(shū)的評(píng)價(jià)。
·第三步 仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)：全文圍繞著這本書(shū)展開(kāi)，目的就是向讀者介紹并推薦這本書(shū)。
四、文章出處/讀者對(duì)象題
文章出處要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)言特色和標(biāo)志信息著手，結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容來(lái)斷定。確定讀者對(duì)象要從文章內(nèi)容和文章措辭來(lái)判斷。
1.熟知文體判文章出處
2.確定讀者對(duì)象
【典型例題】 (2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn，the market is grwing fr bimetric (生物測(cè)量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e－spaces.At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device (裝置) that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence (節(jié)奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key.The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus，the keybard can determine peple’s identities，and by extensin，whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
31．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A diary.B．A guidebk.
C．A nvel.D．A magazine.
【分析】
·第一步 確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：this text mst likely frm
·第二步 定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤(pán)”以及第二段中的“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device...”，尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers，lw－cst device等來(lái)推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報(bào)道。
·第三步 結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容合理推斷得出答案：科研報(bào)道最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。
名校資源學(xué)練
1
（2023春·廣東深圳·高三深圳市福田區(qū)福田中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）When yu hear the beginning f yur favrite sng frm the radi, suddenly yur neck is cvered in gse bumps.
It's such a thing that a grup f scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling f cld caused nt by a drp in temperature r sudden scare, but by the sense f beauty. “Skin excitement” can cme frm a sng, a painting, a mving mvie scene, r even a belved memry-pretty much anything that causes the giving ut f pleasure-saked dpamine in yur brain. But it des nt cme fr all f us.
Yur favrite music uncvers a lt abut yur persnality，and s des hw yu respnd t that music. Studies suppse that as few as 55 percent f peple experience “skin excitement” when listening t music. And if yu cunt yurself amng this grup, the gse bumps n yur skin aren't the nly giveaway—scientists can read it in yur brain, t. In a new study published in the jurnal Scial Cgnitive and Affective Neurscience, Harvard researchers perfrmed brain scans n 10 students wh said they reliably gt cld when listening t music, and 10 students wh didn't. They fund that the cld-prne brains may really be excited by strnger emtins.
Cld-prne brains are generally mre likely t shw strnger emtinal intelligence than n-cld brains. Cld-prne minds tend t have unusual active imaginatin, reflect mre deeply n their emtins, and appreciate nature and the beauty f music and art t a strnger degree than n-cld brains.
S, what type f music causes the chills? It seems that the type is nt s imprtant; participants in the new study reprted getting cld frm sngs f every kind. And any sng cnnected with a strng emtinal memry f the listener can prduce the mst reliable results. Fr me, that's the sng Sailing t Philadelphia by Mark Knpfler, which I listened t as a kid in the car with my dad, n the way t the summer camp.
1. What can we learn abut “skin excitement” in the text?
A. It helps t prduce dparmine.
B. It is caused by the pain in the skin.
C. It can be experienced by every music listener.
D. It is the human bdy's reactin t smething nice.
2. What des the new study by Harvard researchers mainly find?
A. The percentage f music lvers in students.
B. The slutins t the gse bumps n ne's skin.
C. The differences between cld-prne and n-cld brains.
D. The relatinship between ne's music preference and persnality.
3. What are peple with cld-prne brains like?
A. Beautiful and intelligent.B. Emtinal and dishnest.
C. Imaginative and sensitive.D. Brave and strng-minded.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Respnses t Music Vary amng Peple
B. A Feeling f Cld Is Caused by Hrrible Music
C. Yur Favrite Music Reveals Yur Persnality
D. Favrite Music May Bring Frth Gse Bumps
2
（2023秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈師大附中?？计谀￤hen yu think f the Himalayas, yu may picture tall, rcky, snw-cvered peaks. But that’s nt true.
The subnival (亞冰雪的) regin is the zne between the treeline and the snwline. It is 5 t 5 times as large as the areas f glaciers and permanent snw, which means studying it is vital t understanding the Himalayas as a whle.
The treeline is the edge f an ecsystem where trees are able t grw, and beynd the treeline envirnmental cnditins becme t tugh t allw tree grwth. Meanwhile, snwlines are the bundaries n muntains that separate areas with permanent snw (where snw is present fr the majrity f the year) frm areas with seasnal r n snw.
Researchers used satellite data frm 1993 t 2018 t measure plant cver between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters abve sea level. The scientists discvered that the greatest increase in plant cver was between an altitude f 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mstly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas nce cmpletely ccupied by glaciers nw hld rcks cvered with msses, lichen, and smetimes even flwers. In additin, the snwline seems t be retreating, while the treeline is expanding. This shws that the regin is becming warmer, causing mre melting f snw and allwing vegetatin t mve up in height.
In the past 40 years, 25% f all Himalayan ice has been lst due t glbal warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by abut 0.5 meters each year. The rate f glacier melting has dubled in this decade. The melting f glaciers increases water in the regin, making it wetter. Receding snw als frces the snwline t mve up, prviding a greater amunt f area fr the warm and mist cnditins, which are perfect fr vegetatin grwth.
As f nw, we d nt knw whether vegetatin will accelerate r slw dwn the rate f glacier melting.
5. Hw des the writer develp the third paragraph?
A. By explaining cncepts.B. By prviding sme examples.
C. By analyzing causes and effects.D. By listing specific data.
6. What des the underlined wrd “retreating” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Disappearing.B. Lengthening.C. Withdrawing.D. Widening.
7. What is the direct effect f glbal warming n the Himalayas?
A. The snwline mves up.B. Glaciers are melting faster.
C. The subnival area is wetter.D. Plants grw much better.
8. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The climate f the Himalayas is changing.
B. Icebergs in the Himalayas have disappeared.
C. Plants are diverse in the Himalayas.
D. Plant life spreads in the Himalayas.
3
（2023·江蘇鹽城·鹽城中學(xué)校考三模）Humans are nt the nly nes wh underwent self-dmesticatin. S did ur clse relatives, the bnbs, and the species we call ur best friend. A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.
When ur research grup began its wrk almst 20 years ag, we discvered that dgs als have extrardinary intelligence: they can read ur gestures better than any ther species. Wlves, in cntrast, are mysterius and unpredictable. Their hme is the wilderness, and that wilderness is shrinking.
But nt s lng ag the evlutinary race between dgs and wlves was s clse, it was unclear wh wuld win. Dgs, in fact, did nt descend frm wlves. Instead, dgs and wlves shared a wlflike ancestr.
Flklre suppses that humans brught wlf puppies int camp and dmesticated them. Or as wlf expert David Mech wrte in 1974, “Evidently early humans tamed wlves and dmesticated them, eventually selectively breeding them and finally develping the dmestic dg frm them.” But this stry has nt held up. Taming an animal ccurs during its lifetime. Dmesticatin happens ver generatins and invlves changes t the genme.
S hw did wlves turn int dgs? Back in the Ice Age, as ur human ppulatins grew mre sedentary, we prbably created mre rubbish, which we then dumped utside ur camps. These leavings wuld have included tempting pieces f fd fr hungry wlves. Nt every wlf wuld have been able t scavenge, hwever. These animals wuld have had t be unafraid f humans, and if they displayed any aggressin tward us, they wuld have been killed. After generatins f selectin fr friendliness withut intentinal selectin by humans, this special ppulatin f wlves wuld have begun t take n a different appearance. Cat clr, ears, tails: all prbably started t change.
Animals that culd respnd t ur gestures and vices wuld be extremely useful as hunting partners and guards. They wuld have been valuable as well fr their warmth and cmpaninship, and slwly we wuld have allwed them t mve frm utside ur camps t ur firesides. We did nt dmesticate dgs. The friendliest wlves dmesticated themselves.
9. What can be summarized abut wlves and dgs frm the first three paragraphs?
A. Wlves are smarter than dgs.
B. They are very much racially divided.
C. They are clse relatives but dgs seem t be n the winning side.
D. Dgs have made their ways t indr life while wlves t the wild.
10. What is the meaning f the underlined wrd “sedentary” in paragraph 5?
A. diverseB. limited
C. living in the same placeD. invlving regular migratin
11. What des the authr cnclude frm the histry f dgs and wlves?
A. Dgs evlved frm wlves.
B. Selective breeding develped dmestic dgs.
C. Taming and dmesticating an animal are the same thing.
D. Friendliness as a quality translates int an evlutinary strategy.
12. Which f the fllwing is suitable fr a title?
A. Frm Wlf t Dg
B. Dg: Our Favrite Pet
C. An Intentinal Dmesticatin
D. A Cmpetitin Stry between Wlf and Dg
4
（2023春·重慶·高三開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Remember when yur mm tld yu nt t eat t many candy bars r sweets because they can cause tth decay (蛀牙)? Hwever, it turns ut that chclate can be mre salutary t yur teeth than yu might expect. Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.
Chclate ffers prtectin like fluride, a main ingredient in mst husehld tthpastes. Nt nly des chclate prtect ur teeth, but it can d s very effectively. Studies shw that chclate has cmpunds that prvide strng prtectin fr teeth. One f the cmpunds in chclate, CBH, is shwn t prtect even mre effectively than fluride.
Tth decay happens when bacteria wrk t turn sugar int acids in ur muth. This is why eating fds with high sugar cntent can lead t mre tth decay. The cmpunds in chclate, hwever, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in yur muth. The CBH cmpund in particular als wrks t strengthen tth enamel (牙釉質(zhì)), and prtects against tth decay.
Des this mean yu can cat as much chclate as yu want withut wrrying abut yur teeth? It depends n the types f chclate that yu like. The prtective effect f chclate is mst effective when yu chew n cca beans. Of curse, this ptin is nt very appealing t; mst peple. A mre tasty ptin is t chse dark chclate with little sugar cntent, ideally n mre than 6 t 8 grams per serving. Fr ther types f chclate with higher sugar cntent, the effect will be lessened. Hwever, because f the prtective cmpunds, it is still better fr yur teeth than ther sweets and desserts cntaining the same amunt f sugar.
13. The wrd “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?
A. Beneficial.B. Harmful.C. Familiar.D. Useless.
14. What can we knw abut the cmpund CBH in chclate?
A. It can help chclate cure tth decay.
B. It can effectively stp teeth frm decaying.
C. It may prtect teeth better than tthpastes d.
D. It may sn replace mst husehld tthpastes.
15. Hw des chclate fight tth decay?
A. By breaking dwn acids.B. By building up cmpunds.
C. By fixing up tth enamel.D. By fighting against bacteria.
16. What's the main idea f the text?
A. Chclate plays the rle f tthpaste.
B. Chclate prtects against tth decay.
C. Chclate is the best chice fr teeth prtectin.
D. Chclate is healthier t teeth than ther sweets.
5
（2023·廣東深圳·深圳市建文外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校?？家荒＃￤ith ver 4. 1 billin peple, r arund 55 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin, living in urban areas, cities and twns wrldwide are getting increasingly cngested. In additin t spending many hurs stuck in traffic, residents are als expsed t high air pllutin levels caused by transprtatin emissins. Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads!
“The Line” is designed by Saudi Crwn Prince Mhammed bin Salman (MBS). Lcated in NEOM — a 10,000-square-mile high-tech planned develpment n the Red Sea cast in the nrthwestern Saudi prvince f Tabu — The Line will be the crnerstne f MBS s Saudi Visin 2030. The plan aims t diversify Saudi Arabia’s il-dependent ecnmy int ther sectrs, like turism, and create exciting jb pprtunities fr its citizens.
The 105-mile-lng city, expected t cst between $100 billin and $200 billin, will be built alng a straight line and is made up f several self-sustaining cmmunities. T ensure all services are within a shrt, five-minute walk, each cmmunity will feature a three-layer infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).
The tp “pedestrian layer” will be vid f cars and rads, allwing residents t freely walk and bike in the surrunding green spaces. The secnd “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schls, leisure facilities and grcery stres. The third “spine layer” will huse high-speed subway and autnmus vehicles capable f transprting residents acrss cmmunities in less than 20 minutes. The entire city will be pwered with renewable clean energy surces such as slar and wind, and pssibly even hydrgen.
If all ges accrding t plan t cnstructin f this cmplex prject will start befre the 1st quarter f 2021. In additin t prviding up t a millin residents with a clean and stress-free living envirnment, The Line is expected t create 380,000 new jbs, start ecnmic diversificatin, and cntribute an astunding $ 48 billin t Saudi Arabia’s Grss Dmestic Prduct (GDP) by 2030. Mre imprtantly, MBS believes it will prvide gvernments wrldwide a “blueprint fr hw peple and planet can c-exist in harmny.”
17. We can infer that “The Line” will be_________.
A. tempraryB. primitiveC. ec-friendlyD. cnventinal
18. What is The Line meant t result in?
A. Lw crime rates.B. High unemplyment.
C. Super cmmunities.D. Diverse ecnmic sectrs.
19. What can be fund n the secnd layer?
A. Medical clinics.B. Bus stps.
C. Undergrund trains.D. Cycling lanes.
20. Which f the fllwing is the best title?
A. Saudi Arabia Has Created A Green City With N Cars Or Streets
B. “The Line” Will Be The Crnerstne Of MBS's Saudi Visin 2030
C. “The Line”— Blueprint Of Peple And Animals C-existing In Harmny
D. Saudi Arabia Annunces “The Line”— A Lw Carbn City Withut Cars
6
（2023·天津南開(kāi)·南開(kāi)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Last year, a ppular restaurant released a live stream f a family dining in it, withut asking their permissin. After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.
It desn't bther sme peple when their images are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras and shwn thrugh live streams n different nline platfrms. They may even enjy appearing n screens and cperate with sme businesses. In that way, the restaurant can have mre public expsure and thus attract mre custmers, which is their purpse f webcasting. Hwever, thers including the family mentined abve, are against it. The family thught that their prtrait rights were vilated, cnsidering n ne had asked if it was kay t use the images f them. They fund intlerable that their actins captured by the camera were webcast live t millins f viewers, nt t mentin the fact that sme f them were nt s decent. Thus they demanded an aplgy frm restaurant.
Peple may behave in a relaxed way when eating r resting, and they dn't want thers t see them in this way. Thus, frm a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their custmers fr cmmercial reasns, they have vilated custmers prtrait rights.
Webcasting smene withut his r her cnsent amunts t a vilatin f prtrait rights, which is getting increasingly cmmn these days as cellphne webcasting is grwing in ppularity fr technical cnvenience, Hwever, public awareness f privacy prtectin is still falling behind. Mre shuld be dne t make sure webcasting is develping sustainably, withut vilating peple's legal rights.
21. What is the majr issue argued in the passage?
A. A famus restaurant published a live stream f a family dining in it.
B. The family shwed their bjectin t the famus restaurant's webcast.
C. The restaurant ignred the bjectin and insisted they had the right t d it.
D. The restaurant claimed that the family was damaging the restaurant's image.
22. What des the underlined wrd "that" in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Custmers enjy appearing n screens.
B. Custmers cperate with sme businesses.
C. Custmers are shwn thrugh live streams nline.
D. Custmers are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras.
23. Which f the fllwing behavirs may vilate custmers' privacy and prtrait rights?
A. Businesses webcast custmers live accrding t their agreement.
B. Businesses webcast custmers fr cmmercial reasns and pay them.
C. Businesses webcast custmers imprper actins with their permissin.
D. Businesses webcast custmers behaving in a relaxed way withut infrming them.
24. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Public awareness f privacy prtectin is increasing
B. A famus restaurant released a live stream f a family
C. Hw can peple behave in a relaxed way when having a rest
D. A debate n whether webcasts vilate privacy and prtrait rights
25. What is the authr's attitude tward webcasts?
A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Psitive. D. Subjective.
7
（2023·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考三模）Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎縮癥）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mther, Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Althugh taking care f a child with a disability was challenging, she ensured that Cry didn't miss ut n the fun things in life. Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.
Frtunately, Cry was able t d that just befre the COVID-19 started. He and his mther traveled t Antarctica in February, just befre the brders clsed. It was the seventh and final cntinent ff his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!
Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin. He wuld als call up htels r rental hmes t cnfirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim t be.
When Cry started ging n adventures, there weren't many nline resurces discussing accessible travel. T help ther travelers with disabilities explre the wrld as he des, he decided t share his knwledge in his blg. Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.
Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."
26. What made Cry Lee decide t visit all seven cntinents?
A. His mther's expectatin.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream f helping thers.
D. His bjective f making a histry.
27. What wrries Cry mst abut a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Lcal attractins.
C. Accmmdatin.
D. Transprtatin.
28. Why did Cry and his mther write the bk?
A. T enrich nline resurces.
B. T recrd travelling events.
C. T help peple with special needs.
D. T intrduce wheelchair adventures.
29. What can we learn frm Cry's stry?
A. Nthing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn int an pprtunity,
C. Travelling shapes a psitive attitude.
D. Mm is the creatr f children's dreams.
8
（2023秋·廣東深圳·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Bstn wants t be smarter. The city has taken advantage f technlgies t becme mre respnsive t its residents' needs. But technlgy alne is nt sufficient t make tday's cities liveable. Bstn has discvered that it als needs t reach the ld-fashined lw-tech cmmunity and integrate that technlgy with city life.
Kris Carter rlled ut Bstn's smart city prgram in 2014. It started with an App that residents culd dwnlad t reprt lcatins where sidewalks needed repair. The city srted ut thse reprts and ranked them in a database, which repair crews used t priritize their wrk.
The system wrked beautifully, except fr ne prblem: mst f the alerts(警報(bào)) came frm wealthier neighbrhds, where the cncentratin f smartphne - equipped residents was highest. ＂The cmplaints frm the App didn't always crrelate with the greatest cmmunity need fr repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's grup has mved away frm the mdel cmmn t many smart city initiatives f letting tech-savvy(精通技術(shù)的）residents drive the prcess. Instead, they run meetings t find ut what prblems peple in different neighbrhds care abut slving. When it came t sidewalks, Bstn intrduced a secnd methd f cllecting repair tips, hiring peple t get ut and walk the city's 1,700 miles f sidewalks t take ntes n their cnditin.
Whether using lw-tech r high-tech appraches, says Carter, t stay smart, a city needs t cntinually reassess its ptins t spt pprtunities t imprve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair prgram, walking n the streets was prved a useful, if inefficient way t priritize repair needs. But last year the grup fund that walkers' mbile phnes culd be tracked as they mved alng the streets, and that data culd be analyzed t identify sidewalk rutes which are mst ften used by neighbrhds.
“Cmbined with ur ther sidewalk infrmatin, that gave us an even better way t predict where faster repairs wuld d the mst gd," says Carter,"We're really always lking fr whatever mix f appraches best slves the prblem."
30. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The citizens' life.B. The city's reputatin.
C. The city's management.D. The benefits f technlgy.
31. What prblem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying ut their prgram?
A. They faced many technical bstacles.
B. They culdn't serve all residents well.
C. They were nt supprted by residents.
D. They were annyed by being shrt-staffed.
32. Which f the fllwing might Kris Carter mst agree with?
A. Maximizing the benefits f technlgy.
B. Mixing appraches fr slving prblems.
C. Giving full play t the pwer f residents.
D. Letting tech cmpanies be a leading rle.
33. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. A Smart City: Mre Than Just Tech
B. A City with Intelligent Facilities
C. Jint-effrt in City Cnstructin
D. The Mdernizatin f a City
9
（2023·北京·北京交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)?？既＃㏕ increase yur chances f landing an assignment fr a travel guidebk, yu need t find ut what the publishers are lking fr. Here are links t their submissin guidelines with a few special requirements and tips.
Fnr's
Fnr's is a publishing cmpany f bth travel guidebks and nline cntent cvering thusands f destinatins wrldwide. Visit Fnrs. cm/abut-us, and near the bttm f the page yu'll find "Write fr Us" with infrmatin fr submitting articles. D remember t attach a cpy f ne f yur ther wrks when cntributing.
☆TIP: Fnr's always hires writers wh live in the destinatins they cver. S, it's gd t remember: While yu may want t write abut a freign destinatin, mre than likely yu're clser t being an expert abut the place where yu live.
Wrkman
Wrkman publishes unique and unexpected travel guides such as 1, 000 Places t See Befre Yu Die, and The Fd Lver's Guide t Paris. Cnsider them if yu're interested in writing a nntraditinal travel guide. Yu can find their submissin guidelines at wrkman. cm/wrk-with-us. They require a typical nnfictin bk prpsal with a suggested table f cntents and authr infrmatin. A chapter f yur ther bks is als required. Send yur submissins t submissins@wrkman.cm.
☆TIP: If they dn't accept yur article, yu might be lucky enugh t get feedback abut why.
Lnely Planet
Writers can get in tuch with Lnely Planet by visiting their "Becme a Cntributr" page at LnelyPlanet.cm/cntribute. At that page yu'll find a frm asking fr a resume（簡(jiǎn)歷）and links t yur ther writing, but there's als space fr mre travel-related infrmatin such as gegraphical knwledge and level f fluency in relevant languages.
☆TIP: Yu'll find they als accept articles fr "Travel News". If they say yes, yu may get anther chance fr a bigger jb such as a guidebk.
Fr mre infrmatin n publishers, please visit CntributrsDigest.cm.
34. This passage is mainly fr _______________.
A. guidesB. writers
C. travelersD. publishers
35. Wh may prvide advice n hw t imprve articles?
A. Fnr's. B. Wrkman.
C. Lnely Planet. D. Cntributr's Digest.
36. What is required by all the cmpanies?
A. Gegraphical knwledge. B. Nntraditinal ideas.
C. Overseas experience. D. Previus writing.
10
（2023春·重慶·高三重慶八中?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart in a way that set him apart frm his schlmates at his elementary schl, P. S. 81, in the Brnx. “He tld me we drve t much and made t much pllutin,” his dad, Jnathan Cane, tld Runner’s Wrld. S Simn cnvinced his parents t start hanging their clthes t dry, taking the stairs instead f elevatrs, and ther “green” measures.
“Fr much f kindergarten and first grade I rde my bike t Simn’s schl with him n the back,” Jnathan said. “We had a lt f fun being utdrs. We’d stp t give ur dg treats and generally enjyed it.” As Simn gt bigger, thugh, it wasn’t practical fr him t ride n his father’s back, but it als didn’t make sense t ride tgether — bth because f safety cncerns and because there was n place t put away Simn’s bike. S, mst f the time they drve the 1. 5 miles t schl.
But in 2019, when Simn was ging int third grade, the 8-year-ld came up with a new way t help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles t P. S. 81. And Jnathan prmised his sn he’d jin him fr as lng as he wanted.
“We did a test run ne day in August, and decided t give it a g. T be hnest, I thught he’d blink (眨眼)after it gt really cld r rainy, but he never did,” Jnathan said. He recalled ne day when the weather was particularly bad. “It’s really raining ut there tday,” he tld Simn. “And Simn said, ‘Well then we’re ging t get wet!’ He tk pride in tughing it ut, and it became a really fun family rutine.”
Since the start, Simn has run with his dad and their black dg, Lla, and has even inspired his mm, Nicle Sin Quee, t jin in. They sn became knwn as “the family that runs t schl”.
37. What makes Simn different frm his classmates?
A. Washing his clthes by himself.B. Taking many classes after schl.
C. Raising strange questins in class.D. Taking green measures t prtect the envirnment.
38. Hw did Simn usually g t schl in secnd grade?
A. By car.B. By cycling.C. By running.D. By schl bus.
39. What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A. Simn has truble with his eyesight.B. Simn is really stubbrn and inflexible.
C. Simn is much tugher than expected.D. Simn didn’t get supprt frm his father.
40. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Best Way t G t Schl
B. Father and Sn Run fr the Envirnment
C. A Teenager Keeps Running t Inspire Father
D. Three Inspiring Running Athletes t Prtect the Envirnment
11
（2023春·山東·高三山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）One dilemma that the super famus face is balancing the needs f privacy and recgnitin.
Fr sme stars privacy is an vervalued thing. In 1919, Duglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickfrd went n their Eurpean hneymn. The tw internatinal idls had divrced their previus spuses （配偶）and were cncerned abut hw they wuld be greeted. They needn’t have wrried. In Lndn their car was surrunded by admiring wmen wh pulled Mary ut f the car t shake her hand, still grateful after tw years fr her effrts selling war bnds. In Paris they culdn’t get any sleep with crwds gathering belw their htel rm t sing and play fr them. In Amsterdam they attended a party and were mbbed （包圍）by ther guests wh wanted t get clse t them. The athletic Fairbanks placed his wife n his shulder and escaped thrugh the windw. Finally, they fund privacy in Hamburg, where their mvies were nt shwn because f Wrld War I. Fr an hur the famus newly-married cuple walked the streets unnticed until the bred Mary turned t her husband and said, “Dug, I’m sick f this. Let’s g back t ne f thse cuntries where they mb us.”
Jan Crawfrd had similar feelings. Once in the 1930s she was staying in New Yrk getting ver her breakup with Clark Gable. Tired f staying arund her htel feeling s dwn she tld her enturage （隨從） they shuld g ut and get sme fresh air. The enturage, wh had truble keeping up with the star’s quick pace, were shcked when she walked away frm their planned rad. "Oh my Gd. She’s ging int Grand Central Statin!" Smene shuted, “Lk, it’s Jan Crawfrd! And she was mbbed. It tk them thirty minutes t escape the crwd and get back t their htel suite. Her hair disheveled （凌亂），her dress tm and her face scratched, Crawfrd leaned against the dr ut f breath. "Oh.,. h my. That was wnderful. Let’s d it again!”
41. What did Duglas and Mary wrry abut befre ging t Eurpe?
A. Nbdy wuld greet them.
B. They wuldn’t be welcmed.
C. Their war bnds wuldn’t sell well.
D. Their schedule wuld be made public.
42. What des Mary’s wrds in the secnd paragraph suggest?
A. Hamburg was t quiet a place fr her.
B. Her mvies weren’t shwn in Hamburg.
C. She fell ill after arriving in a new place.
D. She didn’t really enjy privacy s much.
43. What did Jan Crawfrd think f her being mbbed in New Yrk?
A. Amusing.B. Enjyable.C. Dangerus.D. Embarrassing.
44. The authr tells stries abut the mvie stars t shw that______.
A. they may feel dwn frm time t time
B. they deserve peple’s lve and respect
C. they need bth privacy and public attentin
D. they are nt always ppular arund the wrld
12
（2023秋·陜西西安·高三西安市鐵一中學(xué)校考期末）Energy independence. It has a nice ring t it. Desn't it？If yu think s，yu're nt alne，because energy independence has been the dream f American president fr decades，and never mre s than in the past few years，when the mst recent il price shck has been partly respnsible fr kicking ff the great recessin.
"Energy independence" and its rhetrical （修辭的） cmpanin "energy security" are，hwever，slippery cncepts that are rarely thugh thrugh. What is it we want independence frm，exactly？
Mst peple wuld prbably say that they want t be independent frm imprted il. But there are reasns that we buy all that ld frm elsewhere.
The first reasn is that we need it t keep ur ecnmy running. Yes，there is a trickle（涓涓細(xì)流）f bifuels available，and mre may becme available，but mst bifuels cause ecnmic waste and envirnmental destructin.
Secnd，Americans have basically decided that they dn't really want t prduce all their wn il. They value the envirnmental quality they preserve ver their il imprts frm abrad. Vast areas f the United States are ff-limits t il explratin and prductin in the name f envirnmental prtectin. T what degree are Americans really willing t endure the envirnmental impacts f dmestic energy prductin in rder t cut back imprts？
Third，there are benefits t trade. It allws fr ecnmic efficiency，and when we buy things frm places that have lwer prductin csts than we d，we benefit. And althugh yu dn't read abut this much，the United States is als a large exprter f il prducts，selling abut 2millin barrels f petrleum prducts per day t abut 90cuntries.
There is n questin that the United States imprts a great deal f energy and，in fact，relies n that steady flw t maintain its ecnmy. When that flw is interrupted，we feel the pain in shrt supplies and higher prices.At the same time，we get massive ecnmic benefits when we buy the mst affrdable energy n the wrld market and when we engage in energy trade arund the wrld.
45. What des the authr say abut energy independence fr America？
A. It sunds very attractive.
B. It ensures natinal security.
C. It will bring il prices dwn.
D. It has lng been everyne's dream. .
46. Why des America rely heavily n il imprts？
A. It wants t expand its strage f crude il.
B. Its wn il reserves are quickly running ut.
C. Its wn il prductin falls shrt f demand.
D. It wants t keep its wn envirnment undamaged.
47. What des the authr say abut il trade？
A. It prves prfitable t bth sides.
B. It imprves ecnmic efficiency.
C. It makes fr ecnmic develpment.
D. It saves the cst f il explratin.
48. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T justify America’s dependence n il imprts.
B. T aruse Americans’ awareness f the energy crisis.
C. T stress the imprtance f energy cnservatin.
D. T explain the increase f internatinal il trade.
13
（2023春·四川成都·高三樹(shù)德中學(xué)校考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Success and Risk in Extreme Sprts
What is it that drives sme t take extreme risks, while the rest f us hurry fr the safety f the sidelines?
Lester Keller, sprts-psychlgy expert, says that nt everyne has the mental makeup t d well in extreme sprts. He ntes that mst f us hit a natural ceiling that limits ur appetite fr extreme risk in tricky cnditins. But thers have a much higher tlerance fr risk. Keller pints t a tp ski racer. He tld Keller that “the high element f risk makes yu feel alive, tests what yu are made f and hw far yu can take yurself”. He said he wuld get nervus n sme f the curses, but that this wuld just make him fight mre.
Psychlgists nte that sme peple seem t have a strng desire fr adrenaline (腎上腺素) rushes as a behavir seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Ck’s appetite fr risk appeared at a yung age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was ne f thse kids wh enjyed and did well at anything where yu were upside dwn.” As she started ding harder tricks, she was drawn t the challenge. “There are mments when yu’re up there ding a new trick and it seems like an impssible thing. But vercming that is just the clest feeling in the wrld.”
Shane Murphy, sprts prfessr, has wrked with grups climbing Everest. “T me, that just seems like the height f risk,” he said. “But t them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared fr years.” Murphy said the view f extreme athletes is different frm ur wn. “We lk at a risky situatin and knw that if we were in that situatin we wuld be ut f cntrl. But frm the athletes’ view, they have a lt f cntrl, and there are many things that they d t minimize risk.”
Anther aspect f risk perceptin (認(rèn)知) may be smething referred t as “the flw”, a state in which many athletes becme absrbed in the acts that fcus the mind cmpletely n the present. “Smething that makes yu try ding a tugher climb than usual, perhaps, is that yur adrenaline flws and yu becme very cncentrated n what yu’re ding,” Murphy says. “After it’s ver, there’s great excitement.”
Peple f different skill levels experience the flw at different times. Sme may always be driven t adventures that thers cnsider extreme. “I can enjy hitting a tennis ball arund, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But thers might need the challenge f Olympic cmpetitin.”
49. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller pints ut that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances t take risks
C. many peple dn’t want t d extreme sprts
D. many peple can’t limit desire fr extreme sprts
50. What des Shane Murphy think abut the muntain climbers he mentins?
A. They put in lts f preparatin fr challenges.
B. They are mre frtunate than ther sprtspeple.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasns that thers can’t easily understand.
51. What main pint is made in Paragraph 5?
A. Extreme athletes use techniques ther peple dn’t use.
B. Nn-athletes are prbably wise nt t try extreme sprts.
C. Mst peple lack the fcus required t take bigger risks.
D. A certain state f mind makes attempting an activity mre likely.
52. We can learn frm the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is smething yu either naturally d r avid
B. thse wh take risks are mre likely t be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need t be better than thers
D. taking part in extreme sprts is nt as difficult as peple think
14
（2023秋·廣東梅州·高三大埔縣虎山中學(xué)?？计谀㊣'ve been writing since befre I culd write. As a kid, I dictated stries t my parents.Abut 12 years ag,I was living in New Yrk City and pursuing a master in creative writing. Fr years I'd been suffering visin disrder,but in New Yrk my symptms wrsened. I became unable t read r write fr any cnsiderable length f time. I tried visin therapy(療法），an verhead prjectr,a special pair f glasses-all in vain.
Eventually,I discvered a cmputer prgram fr the visually challenged. As I typed,my wrds were read alud by an autmated vice. With my screen dimmed t black,I relied entirely n audi feedback t knw what I had written.
Facing the blank page is wrrying,but facing the black page is wrse. The dark screen is a sinkhle that swallws creative hpe. Sentences disappear int it like an astrnaut int a black hle. I managed t cmplete my master degree, but it tk me years t adapt t my new reality. The greatest barrier seemed t be the autmated vice, which was like a rbt parrt n my shulder, and I wanted nthing mre than t drive it away. If a pianist were frced t practice n an untuned pian,wuld it crrupt his ear ver time?
Of curse,I culd have quit writing and stpped making myself suffer.But it hnestly never ccurred t me-and I'm glad it didn't. Last year, after I tld my stry n the radi,I was cntacted by VcaliD,a Massachusetts-based cmpany that created a vice mdeled n my wn.
The first time I heard the vice they created, it is s clse t my wn that the tw are nearly indistinguishable. I've nly just begun using this new vice. My hpe is that this will restre a sense f slitude(孤獨(dú)） t my writing prcess,allwing me easier access t that inner space where the imaginatin can take ver, and I can frget myself, and the real wrk can begin.
The black screen still exists-it always will-but the rbt parrt has taken wing.
53. What happened t the authr when pursuing a master degree in New Yrk?
A. His sight started t fail due t much reading.
B. His eyes culdn't sustain lng hurs f reading.
C. He had t drp ut due t his visin disrder.
D. He successfully vercame his visin prblem.
54. What still bthered the authr after he gt his master degree?
A. The untuned autmated vice.
B. The pet parrt n his shulder.
C. The cmputer with a dark screen.
D. The nise frm a neighbring pianist.
55. Hw did the authr feel when first hearing the vice created by VcaliD?
A. Excited.B. Annyed.
C. Unmved.D. Relaxed.
56. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The autmated vice is t annying t bear.
B. The authr can restre his sight t nrmal.
C. The authr starts t enjy his writing again.
D. It is likely that the technlgy will imprve.
15
（2023春·重慶江北·高三重慶十八中?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）D yu still remember the scene in the famus mvie Titanic, directed by Camern, where Jack was frzen t death in the icy cld water s that Rse culd survive n the flating dr alne? It brke many peple’s heart.
Tw decades later, peple are still asking the questin, “wasn’t there enugh rm n the dr fr bth f them?”
Camern nce respnded by saying it wasn’t a questin f rm, but buyancy—if bth f them had tried t stay n the raft, he argued, the whle thing wuld sink.
But several guys frm “Mythbusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment televisin prgram, decided t test the thery themselves. They discvered that if Rse had tk ff her life jacket t the bttm f the raft, there wuld have been enugh buyancy t keep bth f them aflat.
When they presented their findings t Camern, the directr insisted that Jack culdn’t be saved.
“The answer is very simple,” Camern said. “Because it says n page 147 f the script that Jack dies. T Camern, it was an artistic chice t have the belved character f millins, Jack drwn int the cld sea. Jack had t die because Camern thught it wuld be best if we did.
“It was an artistic chice, the thing was just big enugh t hld her, and nt big enugh t hld him,” Camern said. “I think it’s all kind f silly, really, that we’re having this discussin 20 years later. But it des shw that the film was effective in making Jack s endearing t the audience that it hurts them t see him die. The film is abut death and separatin; he had t die.”
Since Jack was dmed t die, Camern said, it culd have happened in a variety f different ways. It’s nt abut the dr nt being big enugh: that’s just a practical methd fr his death. “Whether it was that, r whether a chimney fell n him, he was ging dwn,” Camern said. “It’s called art: things happen fr artistic reasns, nt fr physics reasns.”
57. What d we knw abut the character Jack accrding t the text?
A. He intended t kill himself.B. He sacrificed himself t save Rse.
C. He didn’t have mney t buy ticket.D. He lacked basic knwledge f physics.
58. Accrding t Camern, why did the audience argue abut Jack’s death fr 20 years?
A. They are fragile peple.B. They dn’t like the mvie.
C. They lve the character Jack.D. They are crazy abut physics.
59. Why was a chimney mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T intrduce the structure f the ship.B. T shw the riginal plan f the mvie.
C. T present the missing part f the mvie.D. T explain the unchangeable fate f Jack.
60. What is best title f the text?
A. Jack in Titanic Must Die.B. Big Enugh fr Bth.
C. Camern is Wrng.D. Jack culd Survive.
16
（2023秋·廣東深圳·高三深圳市高級(jí)中學(xué)校考期末）The ther day, I bught an expensive anti-aging cream that prmised t make my face lk several years yunger than ther wmen by fighting free radicals(自由基). It made me curius abut what free radicals are. Is the anti-aging cream the nly way I need t prtect myself?
“As a scientific term, free radicals are essentially unstable atms, ” says Arizna-based dctr, Natasha Bhuyan, M. D. “In medicine, they cause cells t break dwn ver time and are linked t aging. ”
A super simple chemistry review fr yu：Atms frm different elements are the building blcks that make up water, nitrgen and mre. Electrn(電子) are the negatively charged atms, and they like t be in pairs. When an electrn lses its partner, it creates a free radical, which is usually unstable and highly reactive. Free radicals typically g thrugh the bdy t seek ut a replacement fr their missing electrn, and that can result in damage t cells, prteins and DNA.
S hw d free radicals frm and why d they happen? Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired electrns that are seeking a mate t bnd with. The thery behind free radicals is that they can lead t the imbalance between free radicals and antixidants(抗氧化劑). ” Anther mini-science lessn fr yu：Antixidants are natural r man-made matters that can help delay r prevent sme types f cell damage. They’re ften fund in fruits and vegetables.
A lt f the aspects f mdern life--ur diet, lifestyle and envirnmental factrs like pllutin, can cause xidative(氧化的) stress. Over time, xidative stress weakens cells and tissues and can leave yu mre easily expsed t certain health issues, including cancer. And, as beauty marketers are keenly aware, xidative stress can als speed up the aging prcess. Nw that yu knw free radicals can weak n yur health, yu’re prbably wndering if there are any ways t prevent them frm frming r at least t minimize their negative effects.
61. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1?
A. Explain the prcess f aging.B. State the frmatin f free radicals.
C. Intrduce the tpic f free radicals.D. Describe the harm f anti-aging cream.
62. Which f the fllwing d free radicals refer t?
A. Unpaired electrns.B. Steady atms.
C. Replacements f atms.D. Functins f electrns.
63. What can we learn abut antixidants frm the text?
A. They have never been fund in nature.
B. They d harm t cells prteins and DNA.
C. They can slw dwn the damage f sme cells.
D. They always keep balance with free radicals.
64. What will the authr prbably tell us next?
A. What exactly xidative stress is.B. Hw beauty marketers prmte sales.
C. Where a variety f diseases cme frm.D. Hw free radicals can be prevented.
17
（2023春·四川瀘州·高三四川省瀘縣第一中學(xué)?？奸_(kāi)學(xué)考試）In 1848 gld was fund in Califrnia. Thusands f peple rushed there t get sme. Many peple liked living there. But there wasn’t a whle lt between Califrnia (CA) and Missuri (MO), where the nearest trains ran. The train line t Califrnia wasn’t finished until 1869.
In I860 and 1861, the Pny Express was the fastest way t get news t and frm the West. The trail that they rde was arund 2000 miles lng. It tk mst peple weeks r mnths t ride that far. The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days. Thse speeds were unheard f at the time. S hw did they d it? Well, they had a gd system.
The Pny Express had 184 statins alng the trail. The statins were arund ten miles apart. This is abut hw far a hrse culd run at a gallp (疾馳) befre tiring. The rider wuld switch t a new hrse at each statin. He wuld nly take his mail puch (郵袋) with him. Every 75-100 miles, the rider wuld get t a hme statin. At each hme statin, riders wuld rest. The mail never stpped mving, even while the hrses and riders rested.
It was tugh t ride fr the Pny Express. Each rider had t weigh less than 125 punds. Speed was the key. Mst f the riders were teenage bys. They rde at a fast pace fr up t 100 miles a day. If there were an emergency, ne might have t ride 200 miles in a day.
The Pny Express filled an imprtant rle fr a time, but it did nt last. The Civil War started in April f 1861. On Octber 24th, 1861, the first telegraph line t Califrnia was finished. This linked them t the rest f the cuntry. Peple culd send messages in an instant. Tw days later the Pny Express clsed.
65. Which happened first?
A. The Pny Express was started.B. The American Civil War brke ut.
C. The train line t Califrnia was finished.D. Settlers rushed t Califrnia t find gld.
66. Hw lng did it take the Pny Express t send mail frm CA t MO?
A. Abut 24 hurs.B. Abut ten days.
C. Abut twenty days.D. Abut ne mnth.
67. What wuld a rider d at the hme statin?
A. Give his mail t a new rider.B. Rest a while and g n riding.
C. Cllect new mail fr custmers.D. Feed the hrse and check the mail.
68. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T prve cmmunicatin industry develps rapidly.
B. T explain why hrses were used t deliver mail.
C. T describe the I860 - 1861E Fastest Mail Service.
D. T tell the brave stries f the Pny Express.
參考答案
1
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D
【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于聽(tīng)到最喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)會(huì)讓人“皮膚興奮”并產(chǎn)生寒意的相關(guān)研究，解釋了這背后的原因以及對(duì)音樂(lè)有不同反應(yīng)可以反應(yīng)人的性格特點(diǎn)。
1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“It's such a thing that a grup f scientists call “skin excitement”—a feeling f cld caused nt by a drp in temperature r sudden scare, but by the sense f beauty. “Skin excitement” can cme frm a sng, a painting, a mving mvie scene, r even a belved memry-pretty much anything that causes the giving ut f pleasure-saked dpamine in yur brain.(一組科學(xué)家稱這種現(xiàn)象為“皮膚興奮”——不是因?yàn)闇囟认陆祷蛲蝗坏目謶侄a(chǎn)生的寒冷感覺(jué)，而是因?yàn)槊篮??！捌つw興奮”可以來(lái)自一首歌、一幅畫(huà)、一個(gè)感人的電影場(chǎng)景，甚至是一段心愛(ài)的回憶——幾乎任何能讓你大腦中充滿愉悅的多巴胺釋放出來(lái)的東西)”可知，“皮膚興奮”在本文中是指人體對(duì)美好事物的一種反應(yīng)。故選D。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In a new study published in the jurnal Scial Cgnitive and Affective Neurscience, Harvard researchers perfrmed brain scans n 10 students wh said they reliably gt cld when listening t music, and 10 students wh didn't. They fund that the cld-prne brains may really be excited by strnger emtins.(在一項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《社會(huì)認(rèn)知與情感神經(jīng)科學(xué)》雜志上的新研究中，哈佛大學(xué)的研究人員對(duì)10名學(xué)生進(jìn)行了腦部掃描，這些學(xué)生說(shuō)他們?cè)诼?tīng)音樂(lè)時(shí)確實(shí)感到寒冷，而另外10名學(xué)生沒(méi)有。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，容易發(fā)冷的大腦可能真的會(huì)被更強(qiáng)烈的情緒激發(fā))”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究的成果主要是發(fā)現(xiàn)了容易發(fā)冷的大腦和不發(fā)冷大腦的區(qū)別。故選C。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Cld-prne brains are generally mre likely t shw strnger emtinal intelligence than n-cld brains. Cld-prne minds tend t have unusual active imaginatin, reflect mre deeply n their emtins, and appreciate nature and the beauty f music and art t a strnger degree than n-cld brains. (容易發(fā)冷的大腦通常比不感冒的大腦更有可能表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的情商。與不發(fā)冷的大腦相比，容易發(fā)冷的大腦往往具有異?；钴S的想象力，對(duì)情感的反思更深刻，對(duì)自然、音樂(lè)和藝術(shù)的欣賞程度更強(qiáng))”可推斷，大腦容易發(fā)冷的人情商較高，善解人意，且想象力豐富，對(duì)自然、音樂(lè)和藝術(shù)美的感覺(jué)是敏銳的。故選C。
4. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“When yu hear the beginning f yur favrite sng frm the radi, suddenly yur neck is cvered in gse bumps.(當(dāng)你從收音機(jī)里聽(tīng)到你最喜歡的歌曲開(kāi)始時(shí)，你的脖子突然起了雞皮疙瘩)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于聽(tīng)到最喜愛(ài)的音樂(lè)會(huì)讓人“皮膚興奮”并產(chǎn)生寒意的相關(guān)研究，解釋了這背后的原因以及對(duì)音樂(lè)有不同反應(yīng)可以反應(yīng)人的性格特點(diǎn)。故D選項(xiàng)“最喜歡的音樂(lè)會(huì)讓你起雞皮疙瘩”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。
2
5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D
【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都在增加等情況。
5. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The treeline is the edge f an ecsystem where trees are able t grw, and beynd the treeline envirnmental cnditins becme t tugh t allw tree grwth. Meanwhile, snwlines are the bundaries n muntains that separate areas with permanent snw (where snw is present fr the majrity f the year) frm areas with seasnal r n snw.(樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線是樹(shù)木能夠生長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的邊緣，在樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線之外的環(huán)境條件過(guò)于艱難，無(wú)法讓樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)。同時(shí)，雪線是山上的邊界，將長(zhǎng)期降雪的地區(qū)（全年大部分時(shí)間有降雪）與季節(jié)性或無(wú)降雪地區(qū)分開(kāi))”可推知，本段介紹了林木線以及雪線，并分別進(jìn)行了解釋，因此是通過(guò)做解釋展開(kāi)第三段內(nèi)容的。故選A。
6. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞上文“In additin, the snwline seems t be”以及后文“while the treeline is expanding(樹(shù)木生長(zhǎng)線正在擴(kuò)大)”可知，這里的while表示對(duì)比，因此說(shuō)明前面的雪線正在后退。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“后退”。A. Disappearing.消失；B. Lengthening.加長(zhǎng)；C. Withdrawing.后退；D. Widening.變寬。故選C。
7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“In the past 40 years, 25% f all Himalayan ice has been lst due t glbal warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by abut 0.5 meters each year. The rate f glacier melting has dubled in this decade.(在過(guò)去的40年里，由于全球變暖，25%的喜馬拉雅冰川已經(jīng)消失。 喜馬拉雅冰川每年減少約0.5米。 冰川融化的速度在這十年里翻了一番)”可知，氣候變暖直接導(dǎo)致喜馬拉雅山冰川融化加快。故選B。
8. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Researchers used satellite data frm 1993 t 2018 t measure plant cver between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters abve sea level. The scientists discvered that the greatest increase in plant cver was between an altitude f 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters.(研究人員利用1993年至2018年的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)量了海拔4150米至6000米之間的植物覆蓋面積?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，海拔5000米到5500米之間的植被覆蓋增加最多)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了研究人員們發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球氣候變化，喜馬拉雅山區(qū)的植被都在增加等情況。故D選項(xiàng)“植物在喜馬拉雅山蔓延”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D。
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9. C 10. C 11. D 12. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了狼和狗是近親，但是狗卻成了人類的好友。文章分析了狼進(jìn)化成狗過(guò)程和原因。
9. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.(狗和狼的基因差異很小，但數(shù)百萬(wàn)只狗舒適地蜷縮在我們的家里，而狼則在滅絕的邊緣徘徊)”以及第三段中“Dgs, in fact, did nt descend frm wlves. Instead, dgs and wlves shared a wlflike ancestr. (事實(shí)上，狗并不是狼的后代。相反，狗和狼有著共同的類狼祖先)”可推知，從前三段可以總結(jié)出狼和狗是近親，但狗似乎是贏家。故選C。
10. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文“we prbably created mre rubbish, which we then dumped utside ur camps.”可知，冰河時(shí)代，人類開(kāi)始在同一個(gè)地方制造了更多的垃圾，然后把垃圾倒在營(yíng)地外面，說(shuō)明人類越來(lái)越多地選擇住在同一個(gè)地方，垃圾才能堆積起來(lái)。畫(huà)線詞意思是“住在同一個(gè)地方”。故選C。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“After generatins f selectin fr friendliness withut intentinal selectin by humans, this special ppulatin f wlves wuld have begun t take n a different appearance.(經(jīng)過(guò)幾代人的友好選擇，而不是人類的有意選擇，這一特殊的狼群種群將開(kāi)始呈現(xiàn)不同的外觀)”以及最后一段中“We did nt dmesticate dgs. The friendliest wlves dmesticated themselves. (我們沒(méi)有馴養(yǎng)狗。最友善的狼馴化了自己)”可推知，作者從狗和狼的歷史中得出的結(jié)論是：作為一種品質(zhì)的友善可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一種進(jìn)化策略。故選D。
12. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humans are nt the nly nes wh underwent self-dmesticatin. S did ur clse relatives, the bnbs, and the species we call ur best friend. A tiny prprtin f the genme differentiates dgs frm wlves, and yet millins f dgs are cmfrtably curled up in ur hmes, while wlves mve arund at the edge f extinctin.(人類并不是唯一進(jìn)行自我馴化的物種。還有我們的近親倭黑猩猩，以及我們最好的朋友。狗和狼的基因差異很小，但數(shù)百萬(wàn)只狗舒適地蜷縮在我們的家里，而狼則在滅絕的邊緣徘徊)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了狼和狗是近親，但是狗卻成了人類的好友。文章分析了狼進(jìn)化成狗過(guò)程和原因?？芍珹選項(xiàng)“從狼到狗”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
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13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了巧克力能有效防止蛀牙的原理。
13. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Remember when yur mm tld yu nt t eat t many candy bars r sweets because they can cause tth decay (蛀牙)?( 還記得你媽媽告訴你不要吃太多的糖塊或糖果，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)蛀牙嗎？)”及第三句“Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我們需要另一個(gè)吃巧克力的借口一樣)”可知，巧克力對(duì)牙齒的保護(hù)作用主要?dú)w因于其本身含有的復(fù)合物，這就如同很多家庭使用的牙膏中所含有的護(hù)齒成分。由此推知，劃線詞salutary為“有益的”之意。故選A。
14. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“The CBH cmpund in particular als wrks t strengthen tth enamel (牙釉質(zhì)), and prtects against tth decay.(尤其是CBH化合物還可以加強(qiáng)牙釉質(zhì)，防止蛀牙)”可推斷，巧克力含有的一種復(fù)合物甚至比牙膏中的氟化物的護(hù)齒效果要好。故選C。
15. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第三句“The cmpunds in chclate, hwever, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in yur muth.(然而，巧克力中的化合物是抗菌的，可以對(duì)抗口腔中的細(xì)菌)”可知，巧克力對(duì)抗蛀牙的原理主要是其含有的復(fù)合物能夠?qū)箍谇恢械募?xì)菌。故選D。
16. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文，特別是文章第一段“Recent studies shw that chclate can effectively fight against tth decay, as if we need anther excuse t eat chclate.(最近的研究表明，巧克力可以有效地防止蛀牙，就好像我們需要另一個(gè)吃巧克力的借口一樣)”及最后一段可知，文章主要介紹了巧克力有效防止蛀牙的原理，文中并未提到巧克力可代替牙膏等觀點(diǎn)。故選B。
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17. C 18. D 19. A 20. D
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”來(lái)徹底改變城市生活——一個(gè)圍繞自然而設(shè)計(jì)，沒(méi)有汽車(chē)和道路的城市。
17. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”—a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads! (現(xiàn)在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”來(lái)徹底改變城市生活——一個(gè)圍繞自然而設(shè)計(jì)，沒(méi)有汽車(chē)和道路的城市！)”可推知，“The Line”將會(huì)是環(huán)保的。故選C。
18. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The plan aims t diversify Saudi Arabia’s il-dependent ecnmy int ther sectrs, like turism, and create exciting jb pprtunities fr its citizens. (該計(jì)劃旨在使沙特依賴石油的經(jīng)濟(jì)多元化，進(jìn)入其他領(lǐng)域，如旅游業(yè)，并為其公民創(chuàng)造令人興奮的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì))”可知，這條線意味著產(chǎn)生多樣化的經(jīng)濟(jì)部門(mén)。故選D。
19. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The secnd “service layer”, will include all essential daily services, such as schls, leisure facilities and grcery stres. (第二個(gè)“服務(wù)層”，將包括所有基本的日常服務(wù)，如學(xué)校、休閑設(shè)施和雜貨店)”可推知，第二層有醫(yī)療診所。故選A。
20. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Nw, Saudi Arabia hpes t revlutinize urban living with “The Line”— a city designed arund nature, withut cars and rads! (現(xiàn)在，沙特阿拉伯希望用“The Line”來(lái)徹底改變城市生活——一個(gè)圍繞自然而設(shè)計(jì)，沒(méi)有汽車(chē)和道路的城市！)”可知，D項(xiàng)：Saudi Arabia Annunces “The Line”— A Lw Carbn City Withut Cars(沙特阿拉伯宣布“The Line”——一條無(wú)車(chē)低碳城市路線)符合題意。故選D。
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21. C 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了一家餐廳在未經(jīng)顧客同意的情況下，把顧客吃飯的視頻通過(guò)直播的形式傳播到不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)，這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私和肖像權(quán)的辯論。
21. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image.This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.(在發(fā)現(xiàn)餐廳的所作所為后，這家人表達(dá)了他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，但餐廳對(duì)此置之不理，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做。此外，他們還試圖讓這家人閉嘴，說(shuō)他們的行為損害了餐廳的形象。這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)”可知，本文主要講述了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論。選項(xiàng)C. The restaurant ignred the bjectin and insisted they had the right t d it.(餐廳無(wú)視反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做)正是人們辯論的話題，符合文意。故選C。
22. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“It desn't bther sme peple when their images are uncnsciusly recrded by cameras and shwn thrugh live streams n different nline platfrms.(當(dāng)一些人的照片被相機(jī)無(wú)意識(shí)地記錄下來(lái)，并在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺(tái)上直播時(shí)，這并不會(huì)讓他們感到困擾)”及“In that way, the restaurant can have mre public expsure and thus attract mre custmers, which is their purpse f webcasting.(這樣，餐廳可以有更多的公眾曝光率，從而吸引更多的顧客，這就是他們網(wǎng)播的目的)”可推知，此處that指代的就是“通過(guò)直播形式把記錄的東西上傳到網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，選項(xiàng)C.“Custmers are shwn thrugh live streams nline.(顧客被通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上)”與文意相符。故選C。
23. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Thus, frm a legal perspective, if businesses webcast their custmers fr cmmercial reasns, they have vilated custmers prtrait rights.(因此，從法律的角度來(lái)看，如果企業(yè)出于商業(yè)原因?qū)蛻暨M(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播，就侵犯了顧客的肖像權(quán))”可知，企業(yè)未經(jīng)客戶許可，出于商業(yè)目的，對(duì)顧客進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播就侵犯了客戶的肖像權(quán)。選項(xiàng)D.“Businesses webcast custmers behaving in a relaxed way withut infrming them.(企業(yè)在沒(méi)有通知顧客的情況下，通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播他們放松的行為)”會(huì)侵犯顧客的隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)。故選D。
24. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“After finding ut what the restaurant was ding, the family shwed their bjectin, but the restaurant ignred it and insisted that they had the right t d it. Mrever, they tried t silence the family, saying that their behavir was damaging the restaurant's image. This event has caused a debate n the vilatin f privacy and prtrait rights by webcasts.(在發(fā)現(xiàn)餐廳的所作所為后，這家人表達(dá)了他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，但餐廳對(duì)此置之不理，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)這么做。此外，他們還試圖讓這家人閉嘴，說(shuō)他們的行為損害了餐廳的形象。這一事件引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)”可知，本文主要講述了餐廳上傳顧客吃飯的視頻到網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的事件引發(fā)了人們關(guān)于網(wǎng)路直播侵犯隱私和肖像權(quán)的辯論。由此可知，A debate n whether webcasts vilate privacy and prtrait rights(一場(chǎng)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播是否侵犯隱私權(quán)和肖像權(quán)的辯論)適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
25. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Webcasting smene withut his r her cnsent amunts t a vilatin f prtrait rights, which is getting increasingly cmmn these days as cellphne webcasting is grwing in ppularity fr technical cnvenience, Hwever, public awareness f privacy prtectin is still falling behind. Mre shuld be dne t make sure webcasting is develping sustainably, withut vilating peple's legal rights.(在未經(jīng)他人同意的情況下，網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播他人相當(dāng)于侵犯肖像權(quán)，隨著手機(jī)網(wǎng)播技術(shù)的普及，這種現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越普遍，然而，公眾對(duì)隱私保護(hù)的意識(shí)仍然落后。應(yīng)該采取更多措施，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，同時(shí)不侵犯人們的合法權(quán)利)”可知，作者在此處是客觀地評(píng)價(jià)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播應(yīng)該所持有的原則，未曾闡述自己對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。故選A。
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26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，從小被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥的科里在媽媽的愛(ài)護(hù)下坐輪椅游覽了七大洲，他決定在博客上分享他的旅行知識(shí)，幫助其他殘疾旅行者像他一樣探索世界。
26. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Sandy tk him n rad trips during summer breaks thrughut his childhd. The exciting experiences f explring new places inspired him t set a lifelng gal f visiting all seven cntinents.”（桑迪（媽媽）在他童年的暑假里帶他去公路旅行。探索新地方的激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷激勵(lì)他樹(shù)立了一個(gè)終生的目標(biāo)：游覽所有七大洲。），可知是科里童年時(shí)，媽媽帶他去公路旅行的經(jīng)歷讓他下定決心訪問(wèn)所有七大洲。故選B項(xiàng)。
27. 推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Accrding t Cry, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range f planning and research. He starts his research six t twelve mnths befre each trip, making sure that there are accessible transprtatin ptins in the lcatin.”（科里認(rèn)為，坐輪椅旅行需要進(jìn)行廣泛的規(guī)劃和研究。他在每次旅行前的六到十二個(gè)月開(kāi)始他的研究，確保在這個(gè)地方有方便的交通選擇。），可知科里因?yàn)樯眢w原因要坐輪椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有沒(méi)有方便的交通選擇，可得出科里旅行時(shí)最擔(dān)心的是交通問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
28. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Aiming t prmte representatin f the wheelchair-using cmmunity, Cry and his mther wrte a children's bk, titled Let's Explre with Cr Cr, which is abut a by wh travels arund the wrld in his pwered wheelchair.”（為了促進(jìn)輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，科里和他的母親寫(xiě)了一本兒童讀物，名為《讓我們和Cr Cr一起探索》，這本書(shū)講述了一個(gè)男孩坐著電動(dòng)輪椅環(huán)游世界的故事。），可知是為了促進(jìn)輪椅使用社區(qū)的代表性，即為了幫助有特殊需要的人（坐輪椅的人），科里和他媽媽才寫(xiě)書(shū)分享經(jīng)歷的。故選C項(xiàng)。
29. 推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Cry, aged 30, was diagnsed with spinal muscular atrphy （脊髓性肌萎縮癥）at a very yung age. Because f his cnditin, he began using a wheelchair at age 4.”（科里今年30歲，在很小的時(shí)候就被診斷為脊髓性肌萎縮癥。因?yàn)樗纳眢w狀況，他從4歲開(kāi)始使用輪椅。），第二段中的“He became the first-ever wheelchair user t visit all the seven cntinents!”（他成為有史以來(lái)第一個(gè)訪問(wèn)所有七大洲的輪椅使用者！）和最后一段“Traveling t all seven cntinents wasn't smething I was sure was ging t be pssible," he said. "But if yu stay determined and keep a psitive attitude, the pprtunities are limitless."”（他說(shuō)：“去所有七大洲旅行并不是我能確定的事?！钡绻惚３謭?jiān)定和積極的態(tài)度，機(jī)會(huì)是無(wú)限的。”），可知科里從小坐輪椅，但因?yàn)楸３种鴪?jiān)定和積極的態(tài)度，他才能完成游覽所有七大洲的目標(biāo)，可得出即使殘疾，堅(jiān)定的心也能幫助人們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，所以沒(méi)有什么能阻止一顆堅(jiān)定的心。故選A項(xiàng)。
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30. C 31. B 32. B 33. A
【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了波士頓在利用高科技管理城的同時(shí)使用傳統(tǒng)辦法以實(shí)現(xiàn)城市有效管理，成就現(xiàn)代智慧城市。
30. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“But technlgy alne is nt sufficient t make tday's cities livable. Bstn has discvered that it als needs t reach the ld-fashined lw-tech cmmunity and integrate that technlgy with city life.”但是，僅僅依靠技術(shù)還不足以使今天的城市適合居住。波士頓發(fā)現(xiàn)，它還需要接觸到傳統(tǒng)的低智能化社區(qū)，并將這種技術(shù)與城市生活結(jié)合起來(lái)。本段主要講述了波士頓力爭(zhēng)成為智慧城市，使用高科技更充分地回應(yīng)市民的需求，同時(shí)，城市也注重加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)低智能化社區(qū)科技與生活的融合。所以第一段主要是關(guān)于城市的管理。故選C。
31. 推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“The cmplaints frm the App didn’t always crrelate with the greatest cmmunity need fr repairs, explains Garter.”嘉德解釋說(shuō)，來(lái)自應(yīng)用程序的投訴并不總是與最大的社區(qū)維修需求相關(guān)。根據(jù)第四段“Carter's grup has mved away frm the mdel cmmn t many smart city initiatives f letting tech-savvy(精通技術(shù)的）residents drive the prcess. Instead, they run meetings t find ut what prblems peple in different neighbrhds care abut slving”可知，卡特的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)擺脫了許多智能城市倡議的共同模式，即讓精通技術(shù)的居民來(lái)推動(dòng)這一進(jìn)程。相反，他們召開(kāi)會(huì)議，找出不同社區(qū)的人關(guān)心解決的問(wèn)題?？死锼箍ㄌ氐膱F(tuán)隊(duì)在執(zhí)行他們的計(jì)劃時(shí)遇到的問(wèn)題是不能為所有市民很好地服務(wù)，故選B。
32. 推理判斷題。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always lking fr whatever ever mix f appraches best slves the prblem.”我們一直在尋找各種方法的最佳組合來(lái)解決問(wèn)題可知，Carter想要尋找高科技技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)方法融合的方式來(lái)滿足城市管理的需要，故選B。
33. 主旨大意類。文章主要介紹了波士頓在提高城市智能程度的過(guò)程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用傳統(tǒng)方法，以滿足所有市民的需要，它是一座不僅僅以高科技來(lái)成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“ 智能城市：不僅僅靠技術(shù)”。故選A。
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34. B 35. B 36. D
【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了三個(gè)出版社接受文章的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，出版社網(wǎng)址以及一些特殊要求和提示。
34. 推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第一段“T increase yur chances f landing an assignment fr a travel guidebk, yu need t find ut what the publishers are lking fr. Here are links t their submissin guidelines with a few special requirements and tips. （為了增加你得到編寫(xiě)旅行指南工作的機(jī)會(huì)，你需要明白出版商想要的是什么。以下是他們網(wǎng)站的鏈接，其中有一些特殊要求和提示。）”可以推知，本篇文章主要是通過(guò)介紹一些出版社，為作家提供機(jī)會(huì)。故選B項(xiàng)。
35. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“Wrkman”部分的小貼士“If they dn't accept yur article, yu might be lucky enugh t get feedback abut why. （如果他們不接受你的文章，你可能會(huì)很幸運(yùn)地得到關(guān)于原因的反饋。）”可知 BWrkman. 可以就如何改進(jìn)文章提供建議。故選B項(xiàng)。
36. 推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章“Fnr's”部分“D remember t attach a cpy f ne f yur ther wrks when cntributing. （請(qǐng)記住在投稿時(shí)附上您的其他作品的副本。）”和“Wrkman”部分“A chapter f yur ther bks is als required. （你的其他書(shū)籍的一章也是必需的。）”以及“Lnely Planet”部分“At that page yu'll find a frm asking fr a resume（簡(jiǎn)歷）and links t yur ther writing.( 在那一頁(yè)，你會(huì)看到一張要求提供簡(jiǎn)歷和你其他作品的鏈接的表格。)”可以推知，所有公司都要求作者有作品，即有寫(xiě)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
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37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述一位八歲的男孩 Simn Cane為環(huán)保做出的實(shí)際行動(dòng)——和爸爸一起跑去上學(xué)。
37. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart in a way that set him apart frm his schlmates at his elementary schl, P. S. 81, in the Brnx.（當(dāng)Simn Cane上二年級(jí)的時(shí)候，他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)人類對(duì)環(huán)境的所有影響，并真正把課堂上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容牢記在心，在某種程度上這使他與布朗克斯的第81公立小學(xué)的同學(xué)們區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。）”以及“S Simn cnvinced his parents t start hanging their clthes t dry, taking the stairs instead f elevatrs, and ther “green” measures.（所以，西蒙說(shuō)服他的父母把衣服掛起來(lái)晾干，不坐電梯而走樓梯，以及采取其他“綠色”措施。）”可知，當(dāng)Simn Cane上二年級(jí)的時(shí)候，他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)人類對(duì)環(huán)境的所有影響，把那些課堂上所學(xué)的內(nèi)容銘記于心，并且采取“綠色”措施保護(hù)環(huán)境，這使得他跟他的同學(xué)不同。故選D項(xiàng)。
38. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“As Simn gt bigger, thugh, it wasn’t practical fr him t ride n his father’s back, but it als didn’t make sense t ride tgether — bth because f safety cncerns and because there was n place t put away Simn’s bike. S, mst f the time they drve the 1. 5 miles t schl. （然而，隨著西蒙長(zhǎng)大，騎在他爸爸自行車(chē)的后座，對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)并不現(xiàn)實(shí)，但一起騎車(chē)也沒(méi)有意義——既是出于安全考慮，也是因?yàn)闆](méi)有地方放西蒙的自行車(chē)。所以大多數(shù)時(shí)候他們都開(kāi)車(chē)1.5英里到學(xué)校。）”以及第三段“But in 2019, when Simn was ging int third grade, the 8-year-ld came up with a new way t help the planet: running the 1. 5 miles t P. S. 81. （但是在2019年，那時(shí)候8歲的西蒙上三年級(jí)，他提出了一個(gè)幫助地球的新方法:跑步1.5英里去布朗克斯第81公立小學(xué)。）”可推知，二年級(jí)時(shí) Simn Cane主要是坐車(chē)去上學(xué)。故選A項(xiàng)。
39. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“‘T be hnest, I thught he’d blink (眨眼)after it gt really cld r rainy, but he never did,’ Jnathan said. （說(shuō)實(shí)話，我以為天冷了或下雨了他就會(huì)猶豫一下，但他從來(lái)沒(méi)有。）”可知，Simn Cane比預(yù)料的要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
40. 主旨大意題。閱讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“When Simn Cane was in the secnd grade, he began learning abut all the ways humans have an impact n the envirnment and really tk thse classrm lessns t heart（當(dāng)西蒙·凱恩上二年級(jí)的時(shí)候，他開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)人類對(duì)環(huán)境的所有影響，并真正把課堂上學(xué)的內(nèi)容牢記在心。）”以及最后一段“Since the start, Simn has run with his dad and their black dg, Lla, and has even inspired his mm, Nicle Sin Quee, t jin in. They sn became knwn as “the family that runs t schl.”（ 從一開(kāi)始，西蒙就和他的爸爸和他們的黑狗蘿拉一起跑步，甚至還激勵(lì)了他的媽媽 (Nicle Sin Quee)也加入進(jìn)來(lái)。他們很快就被稱為“跑去上學(xué)的家庭”。）”可知，本文主要講述八歲的男孩 Simn Cane很重視環(huán)保，并且為環(huán)保做出的實(shí)際行動(dòng)——和爸爸一起跑步去上學(xué)。故選B項(xiàng)。
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41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章通過(guò)一些明星的案例說(shuō)明一些名人面臨的一個(gè)難題是如何平衡隱私和知名度的需要。
41. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“The tw internatinal idls had divrced their previus spuses （配偶）and were cncerned abut hw they wuld be greeted.”（這兩位國(guó)際偶像已經(jīng)與前任離婚，他們很擔(dān)心自己會(huì)受到怎樣的歡迎。）可知，他們?cè)谌W洲之前擔(dān)心他們不會(huì)受到歡迎。故選B。
42. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句““Dug, I’m sick f this. Let’s g back t ne f thse cuntries where they mb us.””（道格，我受夠了。讓我們回到那些人們把我們團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住的國(guó)家去吧。）可推知，她真的不太喜歡隱私。故選D。
43. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“That was wnderful. Let’s d it again!”（這是美妙的。讓我們?cè)賮?lái)一次!）可推知，瓊·克勞馥(Jan Crawfrd)認(rèn)為自己在紐約被團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住是一種享受。故選B。
44. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“One dilemma that the super famus face is balancing the needs f privacy and recgnitin.”（超級(jí)名人面臨的一個(gè)難題是如何平衡隱私和知名度的需要。）以及下文兩個(gè)例子可知，文章主要是為了展示電影明星既需要隱私也需要公眾關(guān)注。故選C。
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45. A 46. D 47. B 48. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。每個(gè)國(guó)家都想實(shí)現(xiàn)能源獨(dú)立，美國(guó)也不例外，但是美國(guó)的能源卻嚴(yán)重依賴進(jìn)口，本文就分析了美國(guó)這樣做的原因。
45. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“because energy independence has been the dream f American president fr decades，”（能源獨(dú)立是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)幾十年來(lái)的夢(mèng)想），可知，美國(guó)能源獨(dú)立聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有吸引力。故選A項(xiàng)。
46. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“Secnd，Americans have basically decided that they dn't really want t prduce all their wn il. They value the envirnmental quality they preserve ver their il imprts frm abrad. Vast areas f the United States are ff-limits t il explratin and prductin in the name f envirnmental prtectin. ”（第二，美國(guó)人基本上已經(jīng)決定，他們并不真的想生產(chǎn)所有自己的石油。相比從國(guó)外進(jìn)口石油，美國(guó)人更看重環(huán)境質(zhì)量。美國(guó)廣大地區(qū)以環(huán)境保護(hù)的名義禁止石油勘探和生產(chǎn)），可知美國(guó)嚴(yán)重依賴石油進(jìn)口，是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)希望自己的環(huán)境不受損害。故選D項(xiàng)。
47. 推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Third，there are benefits t trade. It allws fr ecnmic efficiency，and when we buy things frm places that have lwer prductin csts than we d，we benefit. ”（第三，石油貿(mào)易也有好處。它考慮到了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，當(dāng)我們從生產(chǎn)成本比我們低的地方買(mǎi)東西時(shí)，我們就會(huì)受益。），可知石油貿(mào)易提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。故選B項(xiàng)。
48. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But there are reasns that we buy all that ld frm elsewhere. ”（但我們從其他地方購(gòu)買(mǎi)石油是有原因的）以及第四、五、六段的首句可知，文章分析了美國(guó)進(jìn)口石油的三個(gè)原因，因此作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是想證明美國(guó)對(duì)石油進(jìn)口的依賴是合理的。故選A項(xiàng)。
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49. C 50. A 51. D 52. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了極限運(yùn)動(dòng)的成功與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
49. 推理判斷題。分析文章第二段第二句“He ntes that mst f us hit a natural ceiling that limits ur appetite fr extreme risk in tricky cnditins.”（他指出，我們中的大多數(shù)人達(dá)到了一個(gè)自然的上限，這個(gè)（自然上限）限制了我們?cè)趶?fù)雜條件下對(duì)極端風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的欲望。）可知，這里含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a natural ceiling，定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)a natural ceiling進(jìn)行修飾，“限制了我們?cè)趶?fù)雜條件下對(duì)極端風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的欲望”說(shuō)明許多人不想做極限運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
50. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段開(kāi)頭提到的“grups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的團(tuán)體）和第二句“T me, that just seems like the height f risk,” he said. “But t them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared fr years.”（“在我看來(lái)，這似乎是最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”他說(shuō)?！暗珜?duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這是他們準(zhǔn)備多年的一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的下一步?！保┛芍?，登山者為挑戰(zhàn)做了大量的準(zhǔn)備。故選A項(xiàng)。
51. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Anther aspect f risk perceptin (認(rèn)知) may be smething referred t as “the flw”, a state in which many athletes becme absrbed in the acts that fcus the mind cmpletely n the present.”（ 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)知的另一個(gè)方面可能是被稱之為“心流”的東西 ，在這種狀態(tài)下，許多運(yùn)動(dòng)員全神貫注于將精力完全集中在當(dāng)下的行為。）以及后面的進(jìn)一步解釋可知，本段要點(diǎn)就是“the flw”這種特定的精神狀態(tài)會(huì)使你更有可能去嘗試一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。故選D項(xiàng)。
52. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Peple f different skill levels experience the flw at different times. Sme may always be driven t adventures that thers cnsider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的時(shí)間體驗(yàn)這種流動(dòng)。一些人可能總是被驅(qū)使去冒險(xiǎn)，而另一些人則認(rèn)為是極端的。）以及后文所舉的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的選擇，所以冒險(xiǎn)是你可以選擇做或選擇避免的事情。故選A項(xiàng)。
14
53. B 54. A 55. A 56. C
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了受到視覺(jué)障礙的作者在追求寫(xiě)作夢(mèng)想道路上與視覺(jué)障礙搏斗的過(guò)程，以及期間作者所尋找的解決方法。
53. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I became unable t read r write fr any cnsiderable length f time. （我變得無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間讀寫(xiě)。）”可知，作者因?yàn)橐曈X(jué)障礙而無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地專注寫(xiě)作或閱讀。故選B。
54. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 “The greatest barrier seemed t be the autmated vice, which was like a rbt parrt n my shulder, and I wanted nthing mre than t drive it away. （最大的障礙似乎是自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音聲，它就像一只機(jī)器鸚鵡搭在我肩上，我只想把它趕走。）”可知，困擾作者最多的就是自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音聲。故選A。
55. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“The first time I heard the vice they created, it is s clse t my wn that the tw are nearly indistinguishable.”和“My hpe is that this will restre a sense f slitude(孤獨(dú)） t my writing prcess, allwing me easier access t that inner space where the imaginatin can take ver, and I can frget myself, and the real wrk can begin.（我希望這能在我的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中恢復(fù)一種孤獨(dú)感，讓我更容易進(jìn)入內(nèi)心的空間，在那里想象力可以占據(jù)主導(dǎo)，我可以忘記自己，真正的工作可以開(kāi)始。）”可知， 當(dāng)作者第一次聽(tīng)見(jiàn)VcaliD制作的聲音時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它與作者自己的聲音十分相像，幾乎無(wú)法辨別出來(lái)。加之作者對(duì)其寄予的希望，都可以看出當(dāng)作者聽(tīng)見(jiàn)VcaliD制作的聲音時(shí)心中的激動(dòng)與喜悅。故選A。
56. 推理判斷題。通過(guò)最后一段“The black screen still exists-it always will-but the rbt parrt has taken wing.（黑幕依然存在——它永遠(yuǎn)都會(huì)存在，但機(jī)器鸚鵡已經(jīng)展翅飛翔。）”及倒數(shù)第二段我們可知，作者可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)法擺脫視覺(jué)障礙的困擾，但是當(dāng)有了新的設(shè)備后，作者不再受到自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音的干擾，而是擁有了新的、通向內(nèi)在自我與想象的寫(xiě)作可能，能夠重新享受獨(dú)自的寫(xiě)作過(guò)程。故選C。
15
57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A
【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》中Jack因?yàn)榫萊se而死，但是二十年后人們?nèi)栽诩m結(jié)Jack是否真的非死不可的問(wèn)題，甚至有人專門(mén)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)并把結(jié)果提交給電影導(dǎo)演卡梅隆。對(duì)此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并給出了理由。
57. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“D yu still remember the scene in the famus mvie Titanic, directed by Camern, where Jack was frzen t death in the icy cld water s that Rse culd survive n the flating dr alne?”可知你還記得卡梅隆執(zhí)導(dǎo)的著名電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》中Jack被凍死在冰冷的水中，而Rse獨(dú)自靠漂浮的門(mén)生存下來(lái)的場(chǎng)景嗎？由此可知，Jack這個(gè)角色為了救Rse而犧牲了自己。故選B。
58. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“But it des shw that the film was effective in making Jack s endearing t the audience that it hurts them t see him die.”可知但它確實(shí)表明，這部電影有效地把Jack塑造得如此受觀眾喜愛(ài)，以至于看到他死去會(huì)讓他們感到心痛。由此可知，根據(jù)卡梅隆的說(shuō)法，觀眾們?yōu)镴ack的死爭(zhēng)論了20年是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚gJack這個(gè)角色。故選C。
59. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Since Jack was dmed t die, Camern said, it culd have happened in a variety f different ways. It’s nt abut the dr nt being big enugh: that’s just a practical methd fr his death. ‘Whether it was that, r whether a chimney fell n him, he was ging dwn,’ Camern said.”可知卡梅隆說(shuō)，既然Jack注定要死，那就有可能以各種不同的方式死去。這不是門(mén)不夠大的問(wèn)題：那只是他的一種死亡方式。“不管是這樣，還是煙囪掉在他身上，他都要死，”卡梅隆說(shuō)。由此可推知，最后一段提到煙囪是為了解釋Jack無(wú)法改變的命運(yùn)。故選D。
60. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“When they presented their findings t Camern, the directr insisted that Jack culdn’t be saved.(當(dāng)他們把調(diào)查結(jié)果提交給卡梅隆時(shí)，導(dǎo)演堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為Jack必須死)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了電影《泰坦尼克號(hào)》中Jack因?yàn)榫萊se而死，但是二十年后人們?nèi)栽诩m結(jié)Jack是否真的非死不可的問(wèn)題，甚至有人專門(mén)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)并把結(jié)果提交給電影導(dǎo)演卡梅隆。對(duì)此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并給出了理由。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“泰坦尼克號(hào)上的Jack必須死”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。
16
61. C 62. A 63. C 64. D
【解析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章以作者購(gòu)買(mǎi)抗衰老的面霜來(lái)抵抗自由基給臉部留下歲月的痕跡的事情為開(kāi)頭，介紹了自由基是怎樣形成的和自由基是怎樣影響人的身體的。
61. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段The ther day, I bught an expensive anti-aging cream that prmised t make my face lk several years yunger that ther wmen by fighting free radicals. It made me curius abut what free radicals ares. Is the anti-aging cream the nly way I need t prtect myself?可知，前幾天，我買(mǎi)了一款昂貴的抗衰老面霜，據(jù)說(shuō)它能對(duì)抗自由基，讓我的臉看起來(lái)比其他女性年輕好幾歲。這讓我好奇什么是自由基?？顾ダ厦嫠俏椅ㄒ恍枰Ｗo(hù)自己的方法嗎？由此可推知，作者第一段講述了她買(mǎi)了一個(gè)抗衰老的面霜來(lái)抵抗自由基給臉部留下歲月的痕跡的事，從而引出自由基的話題。故選C。
62. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Electrns (電子) are the negatively charged atms, and they like t be in pairs.可知，電子是帶負(fù)電荷的原子，它們喜歡成對(duì)出現(xiàn)。以及第四段中Bhuyan says, “Scientifically, free radicals are unpaired electrns that are seeking a mate t bnd with.可知Bhuyan說(shuō)：“從科學(xué)上講，自由基是尋找配偶的未配對(duì)電子。”由此可知，自由基指的是不成對(duì)的電子。故選A。
63. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Anther mini-science lessn fr yu: Antixidants are natural r man made matters that can help delay r prevent sme types f cell damage.可知，另一個(gè)小科學(xué)課：抗氧化劑是天然或人造物質(zhì)，可以幫助延緩或防止某些類型的細(xì)胞損傷。由此可知，抗氧化劑可以減緩一些細(xì)胞的損傷。故選C。
64. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Nw that yur knw free radicals can weak n yur health, yu’re prbably wndering if there are any ways t prevent them frm frming r at least t minimize their negative effects.可知，既然你知道了自由基會(huì)損害你的健康，你可能想知道是否有辦法阻止它們的形成，或者至少把它們的負(fù)面影響降到最低。由此可推知，作者接下來(lái)可能會(huì)圍繞“自由基的形成是否能被阻止”展開(kāi)。故選D。
17
65. D 66. B 67. A 68. C
【解析】本文屬于說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了19世紀(jì)60年代，美國(guó)加州和密蘇里州之間的驛馬快信的制度。
65. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一、二以及最后一段，加州發(fā)現(xiàn)金礦是在1848年，大量的人們涌向那里淘金；驛馬快信的制度是在1860年才開(kāi)始的；美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)發(fā)生在1861，加州和密蘇里州之間鐵路的鐵路于1869年完成。由此可知，移民們涌向加利福尼亞尋找黃金是最先發(fā)生的。故選D。
66. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days.”可知，美國(guó)加州和密蘇里州之間的通訊10天之內(nèi)可以完成。故選B。
67. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The mail never stpped mving, even while the hrses and riders rested.”信息可知，即使在馬匹和騎手休息的時(shí)候，郵件也從未停止運(yùn)送，由此推知，騎手是在休息站將郵件交給了另一個(gè)騎手。故選A。
68. 推理判斷題。The Pny Express culd make the trip in just ten days. Thse speeds were unheard f at the time. S hw did they d it? Well, they had a gd system.（驛馬快信可以在10天內(nèi)完成這趟旅程。這種速度在當(dāng)時(shí)是聞所未聞的。那么他們是怎么做到的呢?他們有一個(gè)很好的系統(tǒng)。）是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是描述I860年到1861年，驛馬快信的郵件服務(wù)。故選C。張冠李戴
把作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混在一起
無(wú)中生有
符合常識(shí), 但不是文章的內(nèi)容
曲解文意
利用原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì), 借題發(fā)揮, 曲解原文意思
擴(kuò)縮范圍
通過(guò)改變或去掉文章中的限制性詞語(yǔ), 將信息改變, 造成干擾
肯定
psitive積極樂(lè)觀的；ptimistic樂(lè)觀的；supprtive支持的；hpeful有希望的；prmising有前途的；favurable贊許的
否定
negative否定的，消極的；disapprving 不贊成的；critical 批評(píng)的；unfavurable不贊同的
懷疑
suspicius可疑的，懷疑的；dubtful可疑的
客觀
bjective客觀的；neutral中立的；skeptical懷疑的

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