閱讀理解解密01 主旨要義（分層訓(xùn)練）-（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Duglas Smith, n gardener frm Hertfrdshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness Wrld Recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem (莖), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem had std unchallenged fr ver a decade. Then English farmer Duglas Smith set his sight n breaking it, thinking that he culd grw mre than 488 fruits n s single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem.
Is Duglas Smith a gardening addict? He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry. And in the end, they all paid ff.
“I am ver the mn,” Duglas said. “This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants. I’m amazed by hw many tmates were n the plant in the end.”
Grwing 1,269 tmates n a single stem is nly Duglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-ft-tall sunflwer, and als set a new natinal recrd fr the heaviest tmat, with a 3.106 kg tmat. He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.
1．What can we knw abut Duglas Smith frm paragraph 2?
A．He brke the ld recrd twice.
B．He had planted the best tmates.
C．He thught breaking the recrd was easy.
D．He had wrked t break the recrd fr a decade.
2．Which f the fllwing can describe Duglas Smith best?
A．Strict and tlerant.B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-wrking.D．Friendly and humrus.
3．What may be a challenge fr Duglas Smith t break the ld recrd?
A．A lack f mney.B．Skill shrtages.
C．Building a labratry.D．Dealing with the blight.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The recrd’s significance.
B．Duglas Smith’s next plan.
C．The details abut the heaviest tmat.
D．Mre infrmatin abut Duglas Smith’s planting.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。講述了打破吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的Duglas Smith種植番茄和其他植物的故事。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant.（去年他就證明了這一點，他在溫室里種了839個西紅柿，打破了以前的紀(jì)錄。這是一項相當(dāng)大的成就，但他才剛剛開始，因為僅僅幾周后，Duglas Smith就打破了自己的紀(jì)錄，在一根莖上種出了超過1269個西紅柿。）”可知，Duglas Smith兩次打破原先的世界記錄。故選A項。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段二三句“He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry.（他每天在后花園里花四個小時打理植物，并一直在努力成為世界上有史以來最好的園丁。最大限度地提高他創(chuàng)造新世界紀(jì)錄的機(jī)會，他閱讀了各種科學(xué)論文，甚至取了土壤樣本在實驗室進(jìn)行測試。）”可知，愿意花數(shù)個小時打理植物，并努力閱讀相關(guān)論文的Duglas Smith是一個很有耐心很勤奮的人。故選C項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段他說的話“This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants.（今年只是一個試驗性的一年，看看哪些品種會結(jié)出最多的果實，我們必須與早期疫病作斗爭，這毀掉了許多其他番茄苗。）”可知，導(dǎo)致很多番茄苗被毀掉的疫病是他面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.（他喜歡在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小實驗，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做實驗。）”，可知這一段談及番茄之外其他的一些植物種植情況。故選D項。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽一中等六校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】B
Just as the shiny brchure prmised, frm the mment I set ft n the Harvard campuslast fall, I was expsed t an exciting andenlightening new wrld.
I was brn and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jacksn, Mississippi. I am the nly child, s my mther verpwered me with her lve. Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfullyhard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew t appreciate her enrmus sacrifices(犧牲) — walking me t the library every afternn, labring at multiple jbs t keep fd n the table, and telling me stries late int the night.
When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face. I pretended nt t see, but I was never able t frget it. I tried t explain my reasns fr wanting t leave-t prve I was smart enugh, fear f taking the path f least resistance, the classic teenage feeling f being trapped — but the wrds just made me sund shallw and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began t wrk n the cllege applicatins-an early ne fr Harvard and rughly a dzen thers standing by. I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday. That night, after all f the celebratry texts and hugs, I sat in my rm and began t cry uncntrllably.
Over the curse f this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I knw nw why my mther let me g. Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.
1．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means ________.
A．made a difference tB．made peace with
2．What was the mther’s first respnse t the authr’s decisin?
A．She was wrried abut it.B．She laughed at it.
C．She apprved f it immediately.D．She turned a deaf ear t it.
3．What did the authr say abut his admissin t Harvard?
A．It deserved a big celebratin.B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beynd his expectatins.D．It was a favr he wed his mther.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lifelng Learning in Harvard
B．Reflectins n the Rad t Harvard
C．What Harvard Means t My Mther and Me
D．Hw Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。
1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后“Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfully hard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin.(作為一個能看到世界上這么多美好事物的人，她卻非常努力地保護(hù)我不受它的傷害?？措娨?、聽說唱音樂，甚至和街區(qū)里的孩子們一起打籃球都是不可能的)”可推知，母親對作者的管教很嚴(yán)格，所以畫線詞所在句意為“我是獨生子，所以我的母親用她的愛控制了我”，verpwered意為“控制”。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face.(在我升入高三的那個夏天，我告訴母親我決定申請去哈佛念書，我察覺到母親臉上那一絲猶豫，盡管那很快就被溫暖的笑容所掩蓋)”可知，母親對作者的決定的第一反應(yīng)是擔(dān)心。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday.(我知道進(jìn)入哈佛的勝算并不是我能決定的。令我高興的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛錄取了)”可知，被哈佛大學(xué)錄取超出了作者的預(yù)料。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.(哈佛迫使我成長，讓我以公正的眼光看待這個世界和我自己。不用說，我不會拿這段經(jīng)歷換任何東西)”可知，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。故選B。
3.【河南省新鄉(xiāng)市2025屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬】D
One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammth (猛犸象) skull and ther bnes that lked “deliberately brken” were fund. The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls. Carbn- dating analysis suggested the pieces are rughly 37 ,000 years ld. This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.
Previus research led scientists t believe the first humans that settled in Nrth America belnged t the Clvis culture. This was a grup f peple wh left behind carefully made tls 16,000 years ag. Hwever, carbn-dating analysis f the mammth bnes indicates that the site is arund 36, 250 t 38, 900 years ld. That means it’s the ldest knwn site left behind by ancient humans in Nrth America.
“That’s nt the nly interesting thing abut the discvery,” said Timthy Rwe, a prfessr at the University f Texas. “The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.”
Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bnes int sharp blades, which were used t take apart animals’ remains, accrding t Rwe. There are als signs that they cked the animal bnes ver a fire t melt ff the fat. “The real evidence that we have has t d with the breakage patterns, and hw thrugh they are. They must have used rcks r hammer stnes t bust the skeletn apart... These peple wuld use whatever they culd,” Rwe tld USA Tday.
1．What can be learnt abut the earliest humans in Nrth America?
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ag.B．They caused mammth t disappear.
C．They belnged t the Clvis culture.D．They culd make tls with bnes.
2．Why are the findings similar t the new ne ignred?
A．They lack a gd chance.B．They fail t draw attentin.
C．They disagree with earlier research.D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
3．Hw des Rwe find the new discvery?
A．Inspiring.B．Annying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in Nrth America
B．Evidence f Earlier Humans’ Arrival in Nrth America
C．The Earliest Tl Makers in Nrth America
D．Research n Mammths in Nrth America
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹一項新的研究表明人類遠(yuǎn)早于16000年前就到達(dá)了北美。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls.(骨頭上的損傷表明是人類制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人類可以用骨頭制作工具。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.(支持人類更早到達(dá)的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)大多被忽視了。這是因為它們與之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，與新發(fā)現(xiàn)相似的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)被忽略是因為與早期研究相矛盾。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.(然而，現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)為研究人員很有可能找到更早以前人類存在的證據(jù))”可知，Rwe認(rèn)為新的研究很有可能幫助研究人員找到更早以前人類存在的證據(jù)。由此推知，Rwe認(rèn)為這個發(fā)現(xiàn)是鼓舞人心的。故選A。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段“One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.(研究人員最普遍的觀點之一是，人類在16000年前首次到達(dá)北美。根據(jù)最近的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，這可能不是真的。這項新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人類可能更早到達(dá)北美)”和第二段的“This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會改變我們對人類最早在北美存在的理解。這些化石表明，早在一萬六千年前，人類就在該地區(qū)捕殺動物)”可知，本文主要介紹新的研究表明人類遠(yuǎn)早于16000年前就到達(dá)了北美。B項“早期人類到達(dá)北美的證據(jù)”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。
4.【河北省唐山市部分學(xué)校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】C
The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直徑) f the bservable universe is estimated t be abut 93 billin light years acrss. With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance thugh there are sme bjects we can see that are much further away. The farthest bject we can see with ur eyes is Andrmeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) lcated 2.5 millin light years away, and yet it is nly visible if there is little light pllutin. In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?
The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021. JWST is nw the mst pwerful telescpe ever built, and it is able t see the universe as it was nly 200 millin years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Csmic Micrwave Backgrund Radiatin (CMBR). CMBR can be thught f as the ech (回聲) f the Big Bang as it is the leftver radiatin frm the birth f the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest pssible distance humans can see as it represents the mment that the universe became transparent t light. Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space. CMBR frmed nly 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and s we are seeing the universe prir t the frmatin f even the first stars.
1．Why des the authr mentin Andrmeda Galaxy?
A．T present the rigin f the universe.
B．T stress the severity f space pllutin.
C．T shw the limited range f human visin.
D．T prve humans' wnderful view f space.
2．What d we knw abut JWST?
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is mre advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 millin years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used t study the frmatin f the first galaxies.
3．What des the underlined wrd "dense" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Distant.B．Rare.
C．Tiny.D．Thick.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Far Can Humans See In Space?B．Hw Will JWST Be Applied?
C．Hw Will Humans Explre Space?D．Hw Far Can JWST See?
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。講述了我們用肉眼觀察到的宇宙范圍十分有限，但是在太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的幫助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。
1．目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance.(僅憑我們的眼睛，我們通常只能看到幾千光年的距離。)”以及“In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(為了看得更遠(yuǎn)的太空，我們必須依靠望遠(yuǎn)鏡。使用最強大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我們能看到多遠(yuǎn)?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表達(dá)肉眼可見范圍十分有限，故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡（JWST）發(fā)射之前，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡（HST）一直是太空最遠(yuǎn)可見距離的紀(jì)錄保持者。)”及“That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.( 這意味著與HST相比，JWST能夠再拼湊3億年的普世歷史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡)比HST(哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡)更先進(jìn)可以觀測到更遠(yuǎn)的范圍，故選B。
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space(雖然光在宇宙微波背景輻射之前就已經(jīng)存在，但氣體和塵埃的密度太大，光無法穿過空間。)”以及結(jié)合光無法穿過空間可知，是因為氣體和塵埃的原因，光無法穿過的可能性是氣體和塵埃密度太大，故選D。
4．標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(使用最強大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我們能看到多遠(yuǎn))”及各段大意，文章第一段主要講述了肉眼可見最遠(yuǎn)距離，第二段講述了新的詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的優(yōu)勢，第三段講述了我們能看到的最遠(yuǎn)物理距離?？芍?，文章主要講述了人類可觀測到的最遠(yuǎn)距離，故選A。
分層練B
1.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】C
These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (無人機(jī)) ate getting in n the actin. The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.
The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty f satellite ftage already ut there, but drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. In 2013, fr example, the Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin (NASA) sent a drne int the Turrialba Vlcan in Csta Rica t gather data abut its emissins. The temperature, ash height and gas cncentratin infrmatin cllected during the missin helped earth scientists determine which way the vlcanic and ptentially pisnus gas erupting frm the vlcan was mving and take steps t limit its envirnmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. They use drnes equipped with infrared (紅外線的) cameras t sweep int places that they may therwise nt be able t reach t mnitr and cllect data n the melting ice. The same flying machines may als eventually be used t transprt ther data cllectin tls int the wild.
1．Hw des the authr lead in the tpic f the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinctin.D．By making assumptins.
2．What mainly makes drnes used t better watch nature?
A．The high safety.
B．The huge space.
C．The recvery capability after damage.
D．The ability t cllect data at a high altitude.
3．What d the last tw paragraphs mainly tell us abut drnes?
A．Their prductin steps.
B．Their practical functins.
C．Their ptential impacts n the atmsphere.
D．Their data set fr mtring the envirnment.
4．Which is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Drnes: PisnusB．Drnes: Ec-friendly
C．Drnes: LimitedD．Drnes: Adaptable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了無人機(jī)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的應(yīng)用。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (無人機(jī)) ate getting in n the actin.”（現(xiàn)在，幾乎所有東西都有綠色版本。從加利福尼亞到日本沿海的每個開放空間似乎都出現(xiàn)了使用電力和替代燃料的汽車、太陽能驅(qū)動的房屋和風(fēng)力發(fā)電場。就連無人機(jī)也加入了行動。）可知，本段中作者列舉了生活中隨處可見的環(huán)保行文：電動汽車代替燃料汽車，太陽能驅(qū)動的房屋和風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，引入了本文的話題。故選A。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists. the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird”(它們提供的空中眼睛幫助研究人員更好地了解我們生活的自然世界正在發(fā)生什么。對于環(huán)境學(xué)家和地球科學(xué)家來說，這些飛行器可以被送到空中去記錄大片區(qū)域的影像來追蹤氣候變化，遷徙以及砍伐和焚燒森林樹木的行為，這些都不需要購買直升機(jī)，租用飛機(jī)或者給鳥類裝攝像機(jī)。）可知，使用無人機(jī)可以幫助研究人員更好地了解我們生活的自然世界正在發(fā)生什么，可以在空中實現(xiàn)影像采集，追蹤氣候變化，動物遷徙以及人類對森林的破壞行為。故選D。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. ”（無人機(jī)可以讓研究人員精確定位數(shù)據(jù)集，他們希望得到一個更快，更近距離地觀察他們要監(jiān)視的區(qū)域。）講述了無人機(jī)能實現(xiàn)的功能。最后一段中“Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. ”（同樣，北極研究人員正在使用無人機(jī)幫助研究氣溫變化和冰川融化。)具體說明了無人機(jī)在研究氣溫變化和冰川融化方面的幫助作用。所以兩段主要說明了無人機(jī)的實際生活中的運用。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything.”（現(xiàn)在，幾乎所有東西都有綠色版本。）“The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.”（無人駕駛飛行器也正在全球范圍內(nèi)用于環(huán)境保護(hù)。）同時根據(jù)本段中的舉例，引出了文章的話題：無人機(jī)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的應(yīng)用。第二段提到了無人機(jī)可用于觀測自然的原因，最后兩段闡述了無人機(jī)的實際應(yīng)用。所以本文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為：用于環(huán)境保護(hù)的無人機(jī)。選項B與文意相符，故選B。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽一中等六校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】C
Nearly 10 millin peple wrldwide live with Parkinsn’s disease. While Parkinsn’s is incurable, sme f its wrst symptms can be relieved and cntrlled using medicatins. A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)neurn lss.
But scientists might have just the thing t change the situatin. And it invlves a nse. In a study published in the jurnal ACS Omega, researchers frm China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nse, ”a prtable device that can detect bdy smells specific t Parkinsn’s patients.
It may cme as a surprise t learn Parkinsn’s patients have their wn smells. But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis, scientists have been trying hard t create a device that culd smell the disease befre physical symptms start t shw.
Over the years, scientists have fund peple with Parkinsn’s tend t prduce mre sebum (皮脂)than the average persn. This sebum mixes with ther verprduced substances t prduce certain, unique smells.
T track dwn these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs f 31 Parkinsn’s patients and 32 healthy vlunteers. Using machine-learning sftware, they were able t identify three smell cmpunds that healthy vlunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nse n sebum taken frm 12 Parkinsn’s patients and 12 healthy peple. The device was fund t be abut 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum frm Parkinsn’s sebum.
These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1.2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.
1．What makes it difficult fr Parkinsn’s patients t get effective treatment?
A．Its medicatins are in shrt supply.
B．It invlves irreversible neurn lss.
C．Its early signs are nt easy t ntice.
D．It’s nt a curable disease medically.
2．What did the Scttish nurse find?
A．Her husband’s bdy gave ff a strange smell.
B．Her husband had a heightened sense f smell.
C．A smell caused her husband t suffer frm a disease.
D．A smell culd relieve her husband’s Parkinsn’s symptms.
3．What will the researchers d cncerning their inventin?
A．Put it int clinical use.
B．Cnduct a brader test.
C．Create mre lab mdels.
D．Expand its market utside the U. S.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s
B．Parkinsn’s patients prduce mre sebum
C．Peple living with Parkinsn’s are n the rise
D．Researchers have fund treatment fr Parkinsn’s
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是患有帕金森病的患者在獲得有效的救治之前往往很難發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的癥狀，針對于這個問題研究人員研發(fā)出了一種可以檢測出患者在身體癥狀出現(xiàn)之前的特有氣味的便攜式設(shè)備——“電子鼻”。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)neurn lss.(在正確的時間獲得有效治療的一個主要問題是，在患者經(jīng)歷不可逆的神經(jīng)元損失帶來的癥狀之前，盡快確定疾病。)”可知只有盡快確定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正確的時間里得到有效的救治，所以可以推斷出早期癥狀的難以發(fā)現(xiàn)使帕金森患者得到有效救治變得困難。故選C項。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis(但2015年，蘇格蘭一名退休護(hù)士因為她敏銳的嗅覺幫助其丈夫被診斷出帕金森病而上了頭條。)”可知這名蘇格蘭退休護(hù)士發(fā)現(xiàn)她丈夫的身體發(fā)出一種特殊的氣味。故選A項。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進(jìn)行測試，以提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。)”可知為了提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性，在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要進(jìn)行更廣泛的測試。故選B項。
4．主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講的是電子鼻出現(xiàn)的背景——帕金森病人在得到正確救治之前很難發(fā)現(xiàn)其癥狀，第二、三、四和五段主要圍繞著電子鼻的研發(fā)，測試及功效展開，最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1. 2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進(jìn)行測試，以提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。但目前，美國帕金森患者的數(shù)量預(yù)計將上升到120萬。到2030年，電子鼻可能是檢測這種疾病的最佳選擇。)”向我們展示了電子鼻的使用前景，對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)?？v觀全文，文章都是在圍繞著一種能夠測出帕金森患者身上特有氣味的電子鼻展開，所以A項This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s作為文章的標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A項。
3.【河北省張家口市部分學(xué)校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】D
When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙飾品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.
“I was quite shcked,” the 17-year-ld frm New Yrk, recalls, “Because paching (偷獵) is illegal, hw cme it is still such a big issue?”
Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.
Over the curse f tw years, Puri created EISa, a lw-cst prduct f a machine learning-driven sftware that analyzes mvement patterns in thermal infrared (熱紅外) vides f humans and elephants. Puri says the sftware is fur times mre accurate than existing state-f-the-art detectin methds. It als eliminates the need fr expensive high-definitin thermal cameras, which can cst thusands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pr thermal camera with 206 * 156 reslutin that plugs int an ff-the-shelf iPhne 6. The camera and iPhne are then attached t a drne (無人機(jī)), and the system prduces real-time inferences as it flies ver parks as t whether bjects belw are humans r elephants.
Its ptential impact n sciety earned her the Peggy Scripps Award fr Science Cmmunicatin. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”
1．What inspired Anika Puri t make the inventin?
A．One study trip t Bmbay.B．The deep passin fr law.
C．One visit in India. D．Her lve fr ivry.
2．Hw des the authr explain the situatin f Africa’s frest elephant?
A．By listing figures.B．By making cmparisn.
C．By shwing an example.D．By referring t sme frmer studies.
3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes?
A．It’s tugh and can’t reach the gal.B．It’s beneficial t ne’s develpment.
C．It really requires a variety f resurces.D．It shuld be further develped because f the need.
4．What may be the best title f the text?
A．Paching Is a Shcking Prblem
B．Drnes Were Applied t the Ban n Paching
C．A Fantastic Discvery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager
D．A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了主人公Anika Puri 在與家人外出旅行中偶然間發(fā)現(xiàn)盜獵大象的現(xiàn)象，于是她通過觀察和研究，發(fā)明了EISa軟件來幫助保護(hù)大象。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙飾品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.(四年前，當(dāng)Anika Puri和家人一起訪問印度時，她驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)孟買的一個市場里擺滿了成排的象牙珠寶和雕像。在全球范圍內(nèi)，象牙貿(mào)易30多年來一直是非法的，自20世紀(jì)70年代以來，印度就禁止獵殺大象。)”以及第三段中“Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.(Anika Puri是一名野生動物愛好者，她想做點什么來幫助保護(hù)這些物種和其他仍然受到偷獵威脅的物種。)”可知，當(dāng)Anika Puri和家人一起訪問印度時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了市場里擺滿了成排的象牙珠寶和雕像，由此激發(fā)了她要做點什么來保護(hù)大象。故選C。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. (出于好奇，Puri做了一些研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個令人震驚的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)：2002年至2011年間，非洲森林象的數(shù)量下降了約62%。多年后，這一數(shù)字繼續(xù)下降。)”可知，作者通過列舉數(shù)字的方式介紹了非洲森林象的情況。故選A。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”(Puri說“這讓我足智多謀。它幫助我成長為一個更有創(chuàng)造力的思考者?！?”可知，在Puri看來，研究讓她變得足智多謀，讓她成長為一個更有創(chuàng)造力的思考者，即科學(xué)研究對一個人的發(fā)展是有益的。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章講述了主人公Anika Puri 在與家人外出旅行中偶然間發(fā)現(xiàn)盜獵大象的現(xiàn)象，于是她通過觀察和研究，發(fā)明了EISa軟件來幫助保護(hù)大象的故事。故D選項“A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time(一名青少年發(fā)明了一種低成本的工具，可以實時發(fā)現(xiàn)大象偷獵者)”概括全文，適合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。
4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds f new energy vehicles n the rad frequently, but d yu knw anything abut them?
In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. The vehicle emissins (排放) cntribute t glbal warming and ther pisnus gases cause serius air pllutin.
In respnse t the prblem f vehicle pllutin, cuntries and regins wrldwide are setting increasingly strict standards fr vehicle emissins. T cpe with the increasing severity f vehicle emissin standards, the majr car manufacturers(制造商) are nw mainly adpting methds t imprve the technlgy related t the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles. Althugh this has imprved the quality f emissins, it will be increasingly difficult t upgrade the technlgy. At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are prpsed as ppsed t traditinal vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrl. A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合動力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.
Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.
1．What des using nn-renewable resurces invite?
A．Harm t the planet.B．Lw-carbn life.
C．Less air pllutin.D．Shrtage f water.
2．Which can best agree with the cncept f sustainable develpment?
A．Imprving energy efficiency f traditinal resurces.
B．Replacing the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles.
C．Innvating vehicles related t renewable resurces.
D．Manufacturing mre cars and lwering their prices.
3．What des the furth paragraph talk abut cncerning the new energy vehicles?
A．The surce, fuel and advantage.
B．The definitin, fuel and prtectin.
C．The surce, categry and cnfrmatin,
D．The definitin, categry and advantage.
4．What is expected f new energy vehicles?
A．They shuld be replaced.B．Further explring in needed.
C．It is unnecessary t imprve.D．They call fr n mre energy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要闡述因傳統(tǒng)能源危機(jī)及其使用過程中產(chǎn)生的危害促使人類開始對可再生資源和新能源汽車的開發(fā)和利用。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. ”（在21世紀(jì)，隨著石油、天然氣等資源的日益短缺，不可再生資源的問題已成為一個主要問題。傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)主要使用石油作為燃料，燃燒石油產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳對空氣有害）可知，傳統(tǒng)的非再生資源會對地球造成傷害。故選A項。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.”（此時，新能源汽車的生產(chǎn)和使用將從根本上解決汽車排放問題，發(fā)展新能源汽車成為廠商的新選擇。因此，發(fā)展新能源汽車是必然和大勢所趨）和最后一段的“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment(雖然新能源汽車遵循可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念)”可知，開發(fā)可再生資源的車輛最符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念。故選C項。
3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid(混合動力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.”（新能源汽車是一種使用清潔能源的汽車，使用新能源作為汽車常用的燃料，為汽車提供驅(qū)動能量。新能源汽車可以分為幾類，如純電動汽車、燃料電池電動汽車、混合動力汽車等。此外，新能源汽車具有低能耗、低碳環(huán)保的優(yōu)勢。）可知，本段是從 definitin, categry, advantage（定義、類別及優(yōu)勢）三個方面來闡述的新能源汽車。故選D項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.”（然而，新能源汽車雖然遵循可持續(xù)發(fā)展的理念，但在新能源汽車研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展中仍存在許多問題和挑戰(zhàn)。例如，許多問題需要專門的技術(shù)人員和解決方案，關(guān)鍵技術(shù)領(lǐng)域需要進(jìn)一步突破。此外，新能源利用效率有待進(jìn)一步提高，難以在短時間內(nèi)形成工業(yè)規(guī)模經(jīng)營）推知，新能源汽車目前雖然取得了一定的成就，但仍然需要進(jìn)一步探索和研究。故選B項。
5.【2025屆青海省西寧市高三上學(xué)期一?！?br>Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur—and users shuld nt wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Prfessr Yair Ein-Eli, wh led the research team at Technin University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB prt that cnnects t a pwer surce such as a standard cell-phne charger that heats an inner layer f carbn fibres t 70 degrees Celsius, high enugh t kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.
Prfessr Alln Mses, an infectius diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “n questin” that a half hur’s expsure t 70-degrce heat wuld kill the crnavirus. But he cautined that repeated heating culd “damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prttype was expsed t 20 heating cycles, each fr half an hur, with n impact n durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up t a few dzen cycles, withut any risk,” he added.
The prttypc lks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (閥) at the frnt and bands t hld it in place arund the head. The researchers submitted (遞交) a patent fr the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing cmmercializing the prduct with the private sectr.
1．Hw lng des the disinfecting prcess usually take?
A．Arund 20 minutes.B．Arund 30 minutes.
C．Arund 60 minutes.D．Arund 70 minutes.
2．Why d Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?
A．T kill viruses thrughly.B．T spread a nvel idea.
C．T replace the traditinal nes.D．T make reusable and friendly nes.
3．What was Alln Mses’ cncern accrding t the text?
A．The reusable face masks culd be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat wuld hurt peple in a way.
C．The cst f reusable face masks might be high.
D．The functin f mask t prevent disease culd be affected.
4．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．A Mask fr Curing the Crnavirus
B．The Latest Style f the Standard N95
C．A Kind f Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead f the Standard N95
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了以色列理工學(xué)院的科研人員近日研發(fā)出新型的充電口罩，這種口罩通過充電加熱殺死口罩上的病毒。而且這種新型充電口罩既經(jīng)濟(jì)又環(huán)保。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“The disinfecting(消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur...(消毒過程耗時大約30分鐘)”可知，口罩消毒過程大約花費半小時。故選B。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.(恩伊萊說，一次性口罩既不經(jīng)濟(jì)也不環(huán)保。他說:“你必須讓它可重復(fù)使用且友好，這就是我們的解決方案?！?”可知，科學(xué)家們發(fā)明這種新口罩，是為了讓它們既經(jīng)濟(jì)又環(huán)保。故選D。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“But he cautined that repeated heating culd ‘damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future’.(但他警告說，反復(fù)加熱可能會“損壞口罩的紙張或面料，并破壞其未來抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龍·摩西教授擔(dān)心的是反復(fù)加熱對口罩預(yù)防疾病功能的破壞。故選D。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.(以色列研究人員稱，他們已經(jīng)發(fā)明了一種可重復(fù)使用的口罩，可以通過從手機(jī)充電器充電來加熱殺死冠狀病毒)”并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要圍繞這種可通過充電加熱殺死病毒的新口罩展開介紹。C項“一種發(fā)熱的殺菌口罩”作為文章標(biāo)題最佳。故選C。

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多