【高頻考點解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解解密01 主旨要義的復(fù)習(xí)要點
1.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】C Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply. That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately." "Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. "We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
【解密新高考真題】——預(yù)測高考命題方向閱讀理解之主旨要義高考解密2023年命題解讀和近年考點再現(xiàn)考點1精確歸納標題
11．What is a suitable title fr the text?A．T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu StartB．Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the TextalyzerC．New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.D．The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-【答案】11．B【解析】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機在開車時使用手機造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。11．主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標題。故選B。
2.B【2022·全國甲卷】Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (對稱的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (線索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent LearnersC. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種具有形狀識別的鳳頭鸚鵡。 27. D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. 科芬的鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于大洋洲的小鸚鵡，它的形狀識別能力與兩歲的人類相似”可知，本文主要介紹了會識別形狀的鳳頭鸚鵡。故選D。
3.C【2022·全國高考乙卷】 Can a small grup f drnes(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis. Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard. That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts. perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
11. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with DrnesB. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will FaceD. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways【答案】 11. D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。11. D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群無人機能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機檢查電力線路使無人機應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機大幅節(jié)省維護成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來。”符合文章中心思想，適合作為本文的最佳標題。故選D。
4.C【2021·全國新高考II卷】A British wman wh wn a S1 millin prize after she was named the Wrld's Best Teacher will use the cash t bring inspiratinal figures int UK schls. Andria Zafiraku,a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin (變革). “We are ging t make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.” The prject results frm the difficulties many schls have in getting artists f any srt - whether an up-and-cming lcal musician r a majr mvie star - int schls t wrk with and inspire children. Zafiraku began the prject at Alpertn Cmmunity Schl, her place f wrk fr the past twelve years. “I've seen thse magic mments when children are talking t smene they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . mre than ever in ur schls." Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant prject t bring artists frm all fields int direct cntact with children is particularly welcme at a time when the arts are being dwngraded in schls." It was a mistake t see the arts as unnecessary, he added. Histrian Sir Simn Schama is als a supprter f the prject. He said that arts educatin in schls was nt just an add-n. “It is abslutely necessary. The future depends n creativity and creativity depends n the yung. What will remain f us when artificial intelligence takes ver will be ur creativity, and it is ur creative spirit, ur visinary sense f freshness,that has been ur strength fr centuries."11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．Bring Artists t SchlsB．When Histrians Meet ArtistsC．Arts Educatin in BritainD．The Wrld's Best Arts Teacher【答案】11．A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國一名女子在被評為世界最佳教師后獲得了100萬英鎊的獎金，她將用這筆獎金發(fā)起一個項目，讓藝術(shù)家進入學(xué)校。11．文章標題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Andria Zafiraku, a nrth Lndn secndary schl teacher, said she wanted t bring abut a classrm revlutin. “We are ging t make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a prject t prmte the teaching f the arts in ur schls.”（倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞·扎菲拉庫(Andria Zafiraku)表示，她想掀起一場課堂革命。“我們將做出改變，”她說?！拔乙呀?jīng)啟動了一個項目，以促進我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)?！保笨芍恼轮v述了Andria Zafiraku用自己的獎金啟動了一個項目，將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM學(xué)校，促進藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。
5.D【2021·英語全國甲卷】Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they? In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”15．What is the best title fr the text?A．Geniuses Think AlikeB．Genius Takes Many FrmsC．Genius and IntelligenceD．Genius and Luck【答案】15．B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。15．文章標題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Wh is a genius?（誰是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標題。故選B。
6.C【2021·全國新高考I卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.31．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A．The Federal Duck Stamp StryB．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge SystemC．The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting【答案】31．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。31．文章標題。根據(jù)全文可知，由于之前不恰當(dāng)?shù)陌l(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽，故可知，本文講述美國鴨票的故事，故選A。
7.C【2021·全國高考乙卷】Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts. At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce（來源）f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear. In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate（說明） a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped（傾倒） frm a truck all at nce. Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A．Artists’ Opinins n Plastic SafetyB．Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC．Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD．Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures【答案】31．D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了藝術(shù)家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一個巨大的雕塑作品，讓人們通過這個雕塑重新審視自己與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”說明了每60秒，就有一卡車塑料進入海洋。Vn Wng通過用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑來喚醒和提高人們的環(huán)保意識。31．標題判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一個塑料杯真的有什么區(qū)別嗎？藝術(shù)家本杰明·馮·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想讓你知道，它確實如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料產(chǎn)品的關(guān)系。)”和倒數(shù)第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(說明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(傾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一個作品中，馮·王(Vn Wng)想要說明一個具體的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字：每60秒，就有一卡車塑料進入海洋。這項名為“一卡車塑料”的作品，馮·王和一組志愿者收集了一萬多塊塑料，然后把它們綁在一起，讓它們看起來像是同時從卡車上傾倒下來的。)”可知藝術(shù)家本杰明·馮·王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通過利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法來提示人們重新思考與一次性塑料的關(guān)系，喚醒和提高人們循環(huán)利用的意識，促進環(huán)保的發(fā)展。由此可知，D項“海洋塑料變成雕塑”符合文章主旨，適合作為標題。故選D項。
考點2概括文章大意 1.C【2022·全國甲卷】As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鵝) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.31. What is the text mainly abut?A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了71歲的Ginni Balintn從小就熱愛旅行，渴望探險，她周游世界，并從2008年開始前往南極洲的旅行。31. B主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has”可知，文章主要介紹了71歲的Ginni Balintn的難忘的南極洲之旅。故選B。
2. B【2020·全國新課標II】Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(認知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.24227．What is the text mainly abut?A．A mathematical methd.B．A scientific study.C．A wman psychlgistD．A teaching prgram.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。27．主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)于科學(xué)研究的。B. A scientific study(一項科學(xué)研究)符合以上說法，故選B項。
3.C【2020·全國新課標III】With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤獨), mre families are chsing t live tgether.The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.31831. What is the text mainly abut?A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了在英國，由于年輕人負擔(dān)不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤獨), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年輕人負擔(dān)不起離家的費用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國生活方式的一種上升趨勢。故選D項。
考點3總結(jié)段落大意1.D【2022·新高考I卷】Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages. Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse. They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結(jié)構(gòu)), making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C. A further explanatin f the research methds.D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.【答案】 14. A 【解析】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。14. A主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來進一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A。
2.D【2022·全國甲卷】Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口號), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解決).”O(jiān)n the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼發(fā)展中面臨的問題——發(fā)展為一個傳統(tǒng)文化城市還是現(xiàn)代化城市。32. C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. 20世紀60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發(fā)生了一件大事。這座城市發(fā)現(xiàn)了它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. 正是港口造就了這個城市”可知，本段的大意是悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是港口。故選C。
3.B【2021·全國高考乙卷】When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機）?These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld. Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）. Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
24．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?A．Their target users.B．Their wide ppularity.C．Their majr functins.D．Their cmplex design.【答案】24．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (現(xiàn)在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機的人。事實上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地撥打和接聽電話)”可推知，本段主要說明手機在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項。
【高考預(yù)測】縱觀近幾年全國高考試題，預(yù)測2023年全國高考試題還會①Ⅰ卷在選材上繼續(xù)保持知識性和趣味性，語篇長度適中，題材與體裁廣泛，彰顯文化特色，重點考查考生快速獲取、處理、分析信息的能力。細節(jié)理解題占總量的60%左右，難度與上年持平，預(yù)計難度系數(shù)0.6。②Ⅱ卷文章體裁繼續(xù)延續(xù)記敘文和說明文占主體的局面，另有一篇議論文和一篇廣告類說明文。題型以細節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題略有所增加，詞義猜測題1題左右?！窘饷芸紙觥俊n堂講解突破關(guān)鍵能力　 主旨要義解密①如何精確歸納標題？【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【山東省百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】BHusemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak. Psters featuring a character that resembles the Disney rbt Baymax have been making runds n the internet and drawing praise frm netizens fr lightening the md amid the epidemic.Made by Chen Mengying, 32, and her American husemate Stacey Klinge, 33, the psters als feature humrus phrases related t lckdwn life. The du (搭檔), wh live in Tianyuan husing cmmunity, say they came up with the pster after realizing hw tense the md in their cmmunity had becme as it faced lckdwn challenges. Accrding t Chen and Klinge, their cmmunity, which has been under clsed-lp (閉環(huán)) management since April 1, has had prblems getting access t daily essentials, and this sparked several disagreements between residents and the management. Eager t help lighten the md, the tw sught t spread sme cheer using their artistic skills.
Klinge says she was initially cnfused with her husemate’s suggestin t create a character based n dabai, a Chinese reference t pandemic wrkers in white prtective suits. Chen says she was thinking abut Baymax frm the animated film Big Her 6. Seeing hw Baymax and the wrkers bth play the rle f prtectrs in their respective wrlds, the tw decided t use the character fr their psters. Their psters, which cntain multilingual updates abut the latest pandemic measures and annuncements fr residents, have helped peple develp a sense f ptimism.The psters have als drawn the attentin f several lcal media utlets, which have interviewed the tw. “I was seriusly cnsidering a return t the United States. But I’ve changed my mind after my fantastic experience in the cmmunity,” says Klinge. Besides creating the psters, Chen and Klinge have als been vlunteering in the cmmunity since April 16 and they always fcus n psitive things at this difficult time.7．What can be the best title fr the passage?A．Design a Sense f CheerB．Create a New LifestyleC．Lk n the Bright SideD．Face the Lckdwn Challenges【答案】??7．A【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報道。講述了在疫情封閉期間，兩個小女孩做海報來鼓勵人們的故事。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段話“Husemates make psters t lighten the md amid the challenges f the nging COVID-19 utbreak.(在新冠肺炎疫情的挑戰(zhàn)下，室友們制作海報來緩解情緒。)”可知，這兩位室友做了個海報鼓勵疫情期間封閉的人們，A項“設(shè)計一種快樂的感覺”符合文意，故選A項。
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法1： 如何精確歸納標題？1、利用主題段來概括標題主題段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般來說第一段經(jīng)常提出文章的主題或最后一段總結(jié)文章的主題，知道了文章的主題也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句話或一個短語——文章的標題。2、利用主題句來概括標題解題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意貫穿文章始終的詞語。通過尋找文章的主題句，并對主題句進行概括和提煉，從而確定文章的標題。做此類題時，要避免以下三種錯誤：(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分替代整體，從而縮小了范圍)；(2)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴大范圍)；(3)以事實、細節(jié)替代文章大意?！咀兪骄v】【遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三12月聯(lián)考】DFd waste is bth a prblem fr the industry and public health. Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad. Abut the thickness f tw red bld cells, the cating is tasteless and unseeable, giving fd a lnger shelf life. The cating als enables less r alternative packaging.
Prfessrs Firenz Omenett and Benedett Marelli were investigating the pwer f silk t stabilize drugs when Marelli had the idea t stabilize smething significantly larger: a strawberry. He cated the fruit with a silk slutin and waited. Days later the strawberry still lked fresh—the cating wrked.When ne cmpares a bunch f uncated cabbage with thse cated by the startup, the differences are striking. The uncated cabbage is brwn, dry, and uneatable. The cated fds lk fresh and untuched.What appears t be magic is thanks t the pwer f silk. Nt silk threads like thse used in the textile (紡織) industry, but a water-based slutin made with silk mlecules (分子). The startup’s cre technlgy makes silk unseeable, but maintains its key mlecular prperties. Being a slutin, the patent cating can be applied quickly and easily t any shape r size.The technlgy Mri has develped wrks. But t make any prgress in the glbal fd waste prblem, it must be able t cme ut in a massive way. Thankfully, silk is plentiful. The startup can use any grade f the natural material, including thse rejected by the textile industry. As Marelli ntes, “We culd cat every apple in the U. S. tday fr nly a small amunt f the silk used in textile industry.” That’s a lt f apples.15．What is the suitable title f the text?A．Cated Vegetables Are Mre Suitable fr EatingB．Measures Have Been Taken t Handle Fd WasteC．Prfessrs Have Develped New Medicine frm VegetablesD．A Natural Cating Reduces Fd and Packaging Waste【答案】15．D【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。Mri被認為是一家“反浪費公司”，其使命是通過保持食品更新鮮、更長久，讓人們更容易獲得健康食品。它開創(chuàng)了一種天然材料做成的涂料，用于食品，使食物的保質(zhì)期更長，該涂層還能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)更少或替代的包裝。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Mri is cnsidered as an “anti-waste cmpany” and its missin is t make healthy fd mre accessible by keeping it fresher and lnger. It is pineering a natural, extremely-thin water-based cating that is applied t fd t slw the exchange f gases that cause the fd t g bad.”（Mri被認為是一家“反浪費公司”，它的使命是通過保持食物更新鮮更長久。它開創(chuàng)了一種天然的，極薄的水溶性涂層，應(yīng)用于食物以減緩導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的氣體交換。）可知，本文是要介紹新型涂料用于保鮮食物和反對包裝浪費。故選D項。
解密②如何歸納文章大意【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】I was brn in Karach?, Pakistan. After cmpleting my bachelr’s degree in MBBS, I gt a schlarship in 2016 frm China Schlarship Cuncil t d a master’s in Neursurgery at Sutheast University Nanjing, China. I culdn’t wait t start my pstgraduate study in China. In my first year. I learned the Chinese language, and passed the HSK level 5. It helped me a lt as a vlunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病).In February 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic was n peak, the schl chse me as a vlunteer. which was a great hnr fr me. It was challenging t decide whether I shuld stay here r g back hme because my family frced me t return hme. At that time, I thught I must stand ut in this critical mment s I was handed a lt f respnsibilities related t the students’ daily needs.Every day, I had t take an rder frm students fr their dinners and brught fd fr them. Besides, I had t recrd their temperatures three times a day, fr which the universities had given a thermmeter(溫度計) t them all. Smetimes if. a student felt sick, it was my respnsibility t accmpany him t the hspital. Als, I had t g t the supermarket t bring grceries fr them、 fr which I had t ask every individual the daily necessities they needed. I prvided psychlgical assistance, emtinal cmfrt, and cunseling t them. As the pandemic was getting better, I must stay at the drmitry gate t ensure that the students were wearing masks, having the permissin cards t g ut, and request them t cme back n time.It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.
7．What message des the authr cnvey in the text?A．Tw heads are better than ne.B．It’s easier said than dne.C．Rses given, fragrance in hand.D．Gd helps thse wh help themselves.【答案】??7．C【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了巴基斯坦的留學(xué)生疫情期間在中國做志愿者的故事。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“It has sharpened my skills in becming in better fender and develped n sense f pride in cntributing t cmmunity.(它提高了我成為更好的防御者的技能，并培養(yǎng)了為社區(qū)做出貢獻的自豪感。)”可知，在中國做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培養(yǎng)了為社區(qū)服務(wù)的自豪感，這就是“贈人玫瑰，手留余香”的最佳詮釋。故選C項。【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意題時，有效的方法就是辨認主題句。主題句具有簡潔性、概括性的特點，文章的中心思想往往是每段主題句的綜合。若文章無主題句，這就需要我們依據(jù)文中的事實、細節(jié)、觀點去進行分析、推斷和歸納，從而概括出文章大意。2、在選擇答案時，根據(jù)自己總結(jié)的大意，就可以用排除法將干擾項逐個排除。【變式精講】
【2023屆四川省資陽市高中高三上學(xué)期第一次診斷性考試】Language is the bridge that cnnects peple everywhere. On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).Participants frm 27 cuntries, including the US, the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Japan, tk part in the ne-hur special event, sharing their passin fr the Chinese language and culture thrugh shrt vides. Over 340 vide submissins (提交) tld tuching stries abut a civilized, mdern and yuthful China thrugh participants’ persnal experiences in the cuntry.Thugh sme peple find the language difficult t learn, mst find it t be rewarding.Fr M. Yusaf frm Pakistan, learning Chinese gave him a better perspective (視角) and insight int the culture. “Learning Chinese is nt just learning a language. It’s a language f ne f the biggest ppulatins in the wrld,” Yusaf said. “If yu knw this language, yu knw the civilizatin and mind f the peple.”O(jiān)f curse the language itself is unique, particularly cnsidering it’s tnal (音調(diào)的) fundatin. “Tnes are imprtant because a lt f Chinese syllables (音節(jié)) sund similar r even the same — the tne changes their meaning,” said Mike Fuksman, an American living in Beijing.T remember Chinese characters, yu can cnnect them with pictures and make sme shrt stries. Many peple find it is imprtant t use imaginatin when learning Chinese. Fr example, the Chinese character fr “tea” has sme lines f grass, the rf f a huse and peple drinking tea.Learning any language cmes with benefits, particularly fr thse wh are always lking t learn mre. Since sme languages have “l(fā)anwrds (外來詞)” frm Chinese, it may be easier fr ne t pick up Krean r Japanese after studying Chinese. “It helped me s much when I started learning Japanese,” said Yerdana.
11．What is the text mainly abut?A．The methd f learning Chinese.B．Hw t write Chinese characters well.C．The benefits f learning freign cultures.D．A new festival and sme stries abut learning Chinese.【答案】??11．D【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了聯(lián)合國駐瑞士日內(nèi)瓦辦事處舉辦了首屆中文影像節(jié)來慶祝聯(lián)合國中文日，來自27個國家的人們參加了這次特殊活動，并通過視頻的方式分享了他們學(xué)習(xí)漢語的經(jīng)歷和想法。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“On April 20, peple arund the wrld celebrated the United Natins Chinese Language Day. T mark the ccasin, the UN Office at Geneva, Switzerland, rganized the first Chinese Language Vide Festival (CLVF).(4月20日，全世界人民慶祝聯(lián)合國中文日。為紀念這一節(jié)日，聯(lián)合國駐瑞士日內(nèi)瓦辦事處舉辦了首屆中文影像節(jié))”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了一個新節(jié)日和一些關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)漢語的故事。故選D。解密③如何歸納段落大意【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【山東省百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】CA newly develped dispsable paper battery prmises t make a big impact n single-use electrnics. The battery that has been demnstrated by researchers is bidegradable (可生物降解的), made frm sustainable materials, and cheap t put tgether. What’s mre, it can be prduced in a variety f shapes and sizes as needed.T give an idea f the pwer, a tw-cell battery was enugh t pwer an LCD alarm clck. While it wn’t be charging up yur cmputer anytime sn, there’s lts f ptential fr lw-pwered sensrs. “We present a printed paper battery develped t pwer single-use dispsable electrnics and t reduce their envirnmental impact t the lwest level,” write the researchers in their published paper.
The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化鈉鹽擴散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel. The battery starts prducing pwer arund 20 secnds after water is added, accrding t the experiments carried ut by the team.Althugh the perfrmance decreases ver time as the paper dries ut, it can be tpped up t sme extent with mre water. The researchers say they want t imprve the efficiency f the battery in the future, and get it wrking fr lnger.“With a rising awareness f the e-waste prblem and the emergence f single-use electrnics fr applicatins, there is a grwing need fr lw envirnmental impact batteries,” write the researchers.9．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?A．Hw the paper battery wrks.B．What the paper battery cnsists f.C．Why the paper battery is ppular.D．Where the paper battery can be applied.【答案】????9．A???【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種新開發(fā)的一次性紙電池。9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The battery is based n a metal-air electrchemical cell. Made frm sdium chlride salt-diffused (氯化鈉鹽擴散的) paper, it can measure as little as ne square centimeter, and is based n printed inks. All that’s needed, then, is a small amunt f water, as little as tw drps. This disslves the salts within the paper, and then activates the battery as they travel(這種電池是基于金屬—空氣電化學(xué)電池。它由氯化鈉鹽擴散紙制成，最小可達一平方厘米，并以印刷油墨為基礎(chǔ)。那么，所需要的只是少量的水，只有兩滴。這會溶解紙中的鹽，然后在它們移動的過程中激活電池)”可知，本段主要講解的是紙電池的工作原理。故選A?！疚业陌l(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何總結(jié)段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想會在首句體現(xiàn)出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，段落中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表達的主題思想。主題句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有時作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，要學(xué)會根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容去概括主題句。
【變式精講】【遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三12月聯(lián)考】BThe Clrad 8-year-ld will set ut Tuesday t becme the yungest persn t reach the tp f El Capitan in Califrnia’s Ysemite Natinal Park. He will climb the rck face with the help f the hanging rpes. The jurney is expected t take fur days “f hanging frm yur fingers r hanging frm yur anchrs(錨),”??Sam’s dad Je Baker tld CNN’s Fredricka Whitfield n Sunday. They’ll camp ne night n the tp f El Capitan.Sam and Je Baker will climb in a fur-persn team. It is a Class 5 climb, the highest and mst difficult f classificatins. The rutes are fr expert climbers wh train regularly and have a lt f natural ability.“Sam has been training t take n El Capitan every day fr the last at least 18 mnths,” his father said. In additin t physical training, planning hw much equipment-including 200 punds f water-t take fr the daylng hike is amng the challenges. “Yu can’t just turn n the water,” Je said. “Yu have t carry it with yu.”While making it t the tp f El Capitan wuld set recrds, that’s nt Sam’s mtivatin fr attempting the climb. “I’m mst excited t climb with Daddy,” Sam tld CNN.Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.Aside frm the lasagna, watching a mvie and playing chess, Sam said “getting t the tp” is his favrite part f climbing.Je and his wife fell in lve while climbing, and Sam did well in a climbing harness (背帶) “befre he culd walk”. When he was 6, Sam tk n Lst Arrw Spire, a three-pitch climb that starts 2, 500 feet abve Ysemite Valley. Only ne ther 6-year-ld-wrld-class prfessinal climber Tmmy Caldwell, had ever dne it.
5．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A．Sam’s advantages as a climber.B．Difficulties Sam will encunter.C．Sam’s hbbies besides climbing.D．Things Sam will d while climbing.【答案】?5．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文?？屏_拉多州的8歲Sam將于周二出發(fā)，成為登上加利福尼亞州約塞米蒂國家公園El Capitan山頂?shù)淖钅贻p的人。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Hanging frm the rck face thusands f feet in the air, the climbers will dine n lasagna (意面) they ck frm little packets n a gas stve. Sam is als planning a mvie night while pausing frm the side f the rck. In additin t his climbing accmplishments, Sam is getting really gd at chess, s a travel chess set will be alng fr the climb t.(登山者們懸掛在數(shù)千英尺高的巖壁上，吃著他們在煤氣爐上用小袋子煮的意面。Sam也在計劃一個電影之夜，同時從巖石的一側(cè)停下來。除了攀巖的成就，Sam還非常擅長下棋，所以他也會帶一套旅行象棋。)”可知，本段講述了爬山過程中Sam要做的三件事：吃面、看電影和下棋。故選D。

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