
【高頻考點解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義語法填空解密05 并列句和從句的復(fù)習(xí)要點
【解密新高考真題】——預(yù)測高考命題方向解密05 并列句和從句的復(fù)習(xí)要點2023年命題解讀和近三年考點分布
1.(2022·新高考I卷)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area. 【答案】that【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:該計劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù),并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。設(shè)空處為關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞等于關(guān)系詞,設(shè)空處在從句中作指物的主語,先行詞為species,且先行詞前為all修飾,只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。2.(2022·全國甲卷)On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _____ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince. 【答案】wh【解析】考查定語從句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8歲時因一次車禍?zhǔn)鞯哪凶硬苁⒖荡┻^了三個省的40個城市和縣。分析句子結(jié)合句意可知,此處是非限定性定語從句,先行詞為Ca Shengkang,指人,在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞wh引導(dǎo)。故填wh。3.(2022·浙江1月)Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics _____ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change. 【答案】that/wh【解析】考查定語從句。句意:亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一個少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學(xué)者中的一員,因為氣候變化,他們正在削減他們的飛機(jī)旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語,應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞替代,故填that/wh。4.(2022·新高考I卷)After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP is designed t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, ______ leaving behind precius natural assets(資產(chǎn))fr future generatins”. 【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實性和完整性,保護(hù)生物多樣性,保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處前后為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and。故填and。?
5.(2022·全國乙卷)The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued (發(fā)布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin _____ cultural exchanges. 【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:儀式上發(fā)布的“首個國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團(tuán)結(jié)起來,促進(jìn)國際合作和文化交流。名詞internatinal cperatin和cultural exchanges為并列成分,作動詞prmte的賓語。故填and。6.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】When he lked dwn, he accidentally slipped and fell ver the edge. He hung n fr a few minutes ______ screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him. 【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:他堅持了幾分鐘,尖叫喊著他的父親,但他的父親沒有聽到他。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫連詞,連接hung和screamed兩個動作。根據(jù)句意,此處表示并列關(guān)系。故填and。7.【2021年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】I decided that if I learned f a cmpany________. used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.【答案】which或that【解析】考查定語從句。句意:我決定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就給它發(fā)郵件,敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ________ used a lt f plastic是一個定語從句,修飾先行詞a cmpany,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,指物,用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句,所以填which或that。8.(2021年1月浙江高考)BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl _____ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句意:BMI是一種國際公認(rèn)的測量工具,它可以顯示一個人的體重是否健康。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,tl是先行詞,且在從句中做主語,故填that/which。
9.【2021·英語全國甲卷】My bike was ld and shaky ______ did the jb.【答案】but【解析】考查連詞。句意:我的自行車又舊又搖搖晃晃,但還可以騎。后文did the jb和前文My bike was ld and shaky之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but連接。故填but。10.【2021·全國新高考I卷】Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure _______ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur aching legs.【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:雖然在上山的路上,這是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整個冒險,并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whle adventure”與“ffers a place”部分為并列關(guān)系,都是作it的謂語,故用并列連詞and。11.【2021·浙江卷6月】Althugh Mary lved flwers, ______ she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. 【答案】neither【解析】考查連詞。句意:雖然瑪麗喜歡花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的園丁。根據(jù)句意可知,此處考查連詞結(jié)構(gòu)“neither…nr…”,意為“既不……也不……”。故填neither。12.【2021年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany______ emailed its president.【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:我找到了這家公司的聯(lián)系方式,并給公司總裁發(fā)了電子郵件?!癴und”和“emailed”之間是并列關(guān)系,用and連接兩個并列的謂語動詞,所以填and。13.(2021年1月浙江高考)In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index (體重指數(shù)) acrss 200 cuntries, the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier ______ that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:在一項對200個國家33年體重指數(shù)趨勢的研究中,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),世界各地的人們體重越來越重,而這主要是由于農(nóng)村地區(qū)體重指數(shù)的增加。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,that peple wrldwide are getting heavier和that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.都是fund引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,是并列關(guān)系,故填and。
14.【2021·全國新高考I卷】Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. _______is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. 【答案】What【解析】考查主語從句。句意:這次經(jīng)歷的驚人之處在于這世界之外的景色。此處是主語從句,從句缺乏主語,應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo),指代“經(jīng)歷的事情”。故填What。15.【2020·新高考I卷山東卷】The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ______ pened in 1759. ?【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定語從句。此處是which/that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞the British Museum,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。16.【2020·新高考II卷海南卷】The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes _____aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句。句意:《數(shù)字世界》是一套旨在描述數(shù)字系統(tǒng)如何影響社會并幫助讀者理解數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)及其眾多交互部分的叢書。句中先行詞為vlumes,在定語從句中作主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。17.【2020新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______paintings were almst lifelike.【答案】whse【解析】考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whse。故填whse。18. 【2020新課標(biāo)I卷】Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ______it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.【答案】where 【解析】考查定語從句。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是一個限制性定語從句,先行詞是spt,且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故填關(guān)系副詞where。
19.【2020·山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國Ⅰ卷)】They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big _____ until they died, and then it was given t a museum.【答案】r【解析】考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知,前后陳述的是兩者可能性,應(yīng)使用連詞r:或者。故填r。20.【2020·海南省高考英語試卷(新高考全國II卷)】Each vlume in the set explres a wide range f material, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, _______discusses the influences they have n everyday life.【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應(yīng)用的基本概念,并討論了他們對日常生活的影響。前后句為并列關(guān)系,所以用連詞and。故填and。21.【2020·全國III卷】Filled with curisity, the artist packed his bags and left. _____he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.【答案】When/As 【解析】考查狀語從句。此處是時間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)……時候”,可用when或as。位于句首時首字母需要大寫。22.【2020·浙江】Over thusands f years,they began t depend less n _____culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.【答案】what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間里,他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞”。根據(jù)句意,此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【高考預(yù)測】縱觀近幾年全國高考試題,預(yù)測2023年全國新高考試題還會①文體以說明文、記敘文為主。②上下文語境提示3-4個,單詞基本形式提示6-7個。③側(cè)重對詞匯變形的考查?!窘饷芸紙觥俊n堂講解突破關(guān)鍵能力 并列句和從句【做題實踐中找規(guī)律】1.【2023·山西省大同市第二次學(xué)情調(diào)研】 “____ we dn’t fl the tree, it wn’t fl yu. Yu take it seriusly, and then it behaves in the same way t yu. Yu put effrts t make it live, and the tree lives up t yur expectatin,” the planters say.【答案】If【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:如果我們騙不了樹,它也騙不了你。根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示條件,意為“倘若,如果”,應(yīng)填連詞If引導(dǎo)一個條件狀語從句,且位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)f。2. 【2023·山東省濰坊市期中】Apart frm the usual finds, peple have uncvered recrds f the earliest examples f Chinese writing and prf ________ they were prducers f the wrld’s ldest wine. Anther remarkable discveries was the ldest wrking bne flutes (長笛).【答案】?that【解析】考查同位語從句連接詞。句意:除了通常的發(fā)現(xiàn),人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了中國文字的最早例子,并證明他們是世界上最古老的葡萄酒的生產(chǎn)者??蘸缶渥邮峭徽Z從句,解釋說明抽象名詞prf的具體內(nèi)容,從句不缺成分和意義,用只起連接作用的that。故填that。
3.【2023·山東省泰安市期中】“I think it is very imprtant fr her t have a labr curse at schl as she can learn t appreciate manual labr ________ the hardwrking spirit,” she said. “She relies n us and her teachers very much. I want her t learn hw t d things by herself and becme mre independent.”【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:她說:“我認(rèn)為對她來說,在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)勞動課程是非常重要的,因為她可以學(xué)會欣賞體力勞動和勤奮精神。”manual labr和the hardwrking spirit是并列關(guān)系,因此空格處用and表并列,故填and。4.【2023·山東省青島西海岸、平度、膠州、城陽四區(qū)聯(lián)考】The names f the engineers ______ created these wnders are lst t antiquity.【答案】wh/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意:創(chuàng)造這些奇跡的工程師的名字早已失傳。句中先行詞為engineers,指人,在定語從句中作主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞wh或that引導(dǎo)。故填wh/that。5.【2023·遼寧省縣級重點高中聯(lián)合體統(tǒng)考】He lved the game ______ much that he invented his wn methd t help him d it with excellence. He went n t be a Majr League pitcher fr the New Yrk Yankees, and tday is an inspiratin t yung athletes everywhere.【答案】s【解析】考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意:他如此熱愛這項運(yùn)動,以至于他發(fā)明了自己的獲勝方法來幫助自己取得優(yōu)異成績。根據(jù)語境可知,句子表示“他如此熱愛這項運(yùn)動,以至于他發(fā)明了自己的獲勝方法來幫助自己取得優(yōu)異成績”,是固定搭配,意為“如此……以至于……”,因此空格處是s,修飾副詞much。故填s。
規(guī)律方法:1.下列情況很可能填并列連詞(and;but;r):(1)前面一個句子________一個句子;(2) 一個或多個句子成分________一個句子成分。(3)句型…;nt…but…;either…r…;nt nly…but (als)…規(guī)律方法2: 如何判斷空格處應(yīng)填狀語從句的連詞?(1)無提示詞。(2)在從句中不作成分。 (3) 主從復(fù)合句的連接詞:如果兩個句子之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號或句號,那么一定是填引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞。(4)常根據(jù)句意填出連詞。規(guī)律方法3:如何判斷空格處應(yīng)填名詞性從句的連接詞?(1)無提示詞:注意that和whether在名詞性從句中不作成分,whether有“是否”的意思。(2)注意what在名詞性從句中的選擇,其在從句中作成分,通常作主語,賓語或表語。規(guī)律方法4:什么時候填定語從句的關(guān)系詞?(1)先判斷是定語從句。(2)找準(zhǔn)先行詞,看先行詞在定語從句中作什么成分,然后斷定填關(guān)系詞。(3)注意which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,常常指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容,沒有確定的先行詞。(4)注意as引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
【變式精講】【例1】【2023·山東省濰坊市】The settlement’s end came arund 5700 BCE when the nearby rivers verflwed and flded the area. It is assumed that the Jiahu peple left their hme t settle elsewhere, even thugh there is n indicatin as t __________ that might have been.【答案】where【解析】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意:據(jù)推測,賈湖人離開家鄉(xiāng)到別處定居,盡管沒有跡象表明可能定居在哪里。介詞短語as t (關(guān)于),后接賓語從句,表地點,在從句中做表語,用連接副詞where。故填where?!纠?】【2023·山東省泰安市期中】Sng Xianing, mther f a first grader in Beijing, said she lks frward t ________ her daughter will learn at the new nce-a-week labr curse. 【答案】what【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:北京一名一年級學(xué)生的母親Sng Xianing說,她很期待女兒在每周一次的新勞動課程上學(xué)到的東西??崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是賓語從句,從句中缺少賓語,指代事物,因此空格處用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句,故填what。
【例3】【2023·山東省青島西海岸、平度、膠州、城陽四區(qū)聯(lián)考】Civil engineering is the design and cnstructin f public wrks, such as dams, bridges and ther large infrastructure prjects. It is ne f the ldest branches f engineering, dating back t when peple first started living in permanent settlements ______ began shaping their envirnments t suit their needs.【答案】and【解析】考查連詞。句意:它是工程學(xué)最古老的分支之一,可以追溯到人們最初開始居住在永久定居點并開始根據(jù)自己的需要改造環(huán)境的時候。根據(jù)句中動詞started和began可知,這兩個動作是并列關(guān)系。故填and。【例4】【2023·遼寧省縣級重點高中聯(lián)合體統(tǒng)考】A pitcher needs t thrw the ball with ne hand and wear a baseball glve n the ther—smething ________ Jim culdn’t d.【答案】that【解析】考查定語從句。句意:投手需要用一只手投球,另一只手戴上棒球手套——這是Jim做不到的。“Jim culdn’t d”是定語從句,從句中缺少賓語,先行詞smething是不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞只用that,故填that。
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