【高頻考點解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義閱讀理解解密04 猜測詞義的復(fù)習(xí)要點
1.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】COver the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply. That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately.""Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. "We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."10．What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?A．Advice.B．Data.C．Tests.D．Laws.【解析】本文一篇說明文。為解決司機在開車時使用手機造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機在開車的時候是否使用了手機。10．D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，smething是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
【解密新高考真題】——預(yù)測高考命題方向閱讀理解之猜測詞義高考解密 2023年命題解讀和近年考點再現(xiàn) 考點1單詞猜測題
2.C【2022·全國高考乙卷】Can a small grup f drnes(無人機)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis. Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard. That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts. By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.9. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?！敬鸢浮? 9. C 9. C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項：Inspectin and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
3.C【2021·全國新高考I卷】When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry ( 遷徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.29129．What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A．Acquire.B．Exprt.C．Destry.D．Distribute.【答案】29．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了美國鴨票的故事，由于美國移民的大量流入，對于農(nóng)地和住房的急需大量的水禽棲息地被破壞導(dǎo)致美國水禽驟減，因此美國發(fā)行了鴨票，狩獵者只有購買了鴨票才能狩獵，而鴨票的部分收入進入到了用于購買水禽棲息地的基金，從而保護了水禽。29．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前一句“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把這些珍貴的自然資源保護的很合理，本句中的“Unfrtunately”可知，本句與上一句形成了轉(zhuǎn)折，前一句陳述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句闡述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破壞了這些自然資源，故畫線詞意思是“破壞”。A. Acquire獲得；B. Exprt出口；C. Destry破壞；D. Distribute分配。故選C。
4.B【2021·全國高考乙卷】When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機）?These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld. Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）. Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?25．What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?A．Admit.B．Argue.C．Remember.D．Remark.【答案】25．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調(diào)查的目標(biāo)人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“cncede”意為“承認”。故選A項。
5. 【2020·新高考全國II卷（海南卷）】The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years, dealing with the varius kinds f "frbidden fruit" that cme ut f bk bags. Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手槍）. I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit. "Please bring that pistl t me," I said. "I'm ging t put it in my Grandma's Bx.""What's that?" they asked. "It's a large wden chest full f tys fr my grandchildren," I replied, "Yu dn't have grandchildren," smene said."I dn't nw." I replied. "But smeday I will. When I d, my bx will be full f wnderful things fr them."My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes. students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day, and I wuld return the belnging. The-years went by, and my first grandchild Grdn was brn. I shared my jy with that year's class. Then smene said, "Nw yu can use yur Grandma's Bx." Frm then n instead f cming t ask their pssessins back, the students wuld say, "That's kay. Put it in yur Grandma's Bx fr Grdn."I lved talking abut the imaginary bx, nt nly with my students but als with my wn children. They enjyed hearing abut all the frbidden fruit I had cllected. Then ne Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wden chest. My sn Bruce had made my Grandma's Bx a reality. 25. What d the underlined wrds "the ffender" in paragraph 8 refer t? （ ）A. The student's parent. B. The maker f the Grandma's Bx. C. The authr's grandchild. D. The wner f the frbidden fruit. 【答案】25．D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講敘了作者為收集學(xué)生們帶到學(xué)校的玩具，想出了一個“奶奶的盒子”的辦法。到后來，作者的第一個孫子出生，學(xué)生們也不再來要求歸還他們的財物了，作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱，將“奶奶的盒子”變成了現(xiàn)實。25．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“I wuld return the belnging”結(jié)合上文提到作者把學(xué)生帶到學(xué)校的玩具稱為“禁果”，且作者的“盒子”里裝的就是“禁果”，所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有者在一天結(jié)束的時候出現(xiàn)，然后就會歸還他們的物品。由此可知，劃線詞意思為“禁果的擁有者”。故選D。
詞義猜測題考點2 猜測短語題 1.C【2022·新高考I卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely. The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ” “I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide. Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”10. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.10. C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
2.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】BWe jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age. Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid? Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that. Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince. Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.4．What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳?xí)??！敬鸢浮?．B4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
3.C【2022·全國甲卷】As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鵝) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了71歲的Ginni Balintn從小就熱愛旅行，渴望探險，她周游世界，并從2008年開始前往南極洲的旅行。28. A詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段劃線詞前文“Thrughut her career(職業(yè)) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further.在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進一步探索”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終有了獨立的生活”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們獨立生活之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思相近。故選A。
4.B【2021年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme. I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk. As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs. When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there. I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.5．What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?A．Behave badly.B．Lse their way.C．Sleep sundly.D．Miss their mm.【答案】5．A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受。5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我們早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個大房間里，否則它們就會調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
5.C【2021·英語全國甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（橫桿）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”9．What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?A．Be careful!B．Well dne!C．N way!D．Dn't wrry!【答案】9．B【解析】本文屬于記敘文。本文講述作者自己的經(jīng)歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義，結(jié)合選項，故選B。
6. 【2020·全國新課標(biāo)II】I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library.My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld .It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(來源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.I always read ,using different vices ,as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it !It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks .Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.As a nvelist, I’ve fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can’t affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避風(fēng)港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盜版行為) and 1 think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.33．What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．Pleasure frm wrking in the library.B．Jy f reading passed n in the family.C．Wnderment frm acting ut the stries.D．A clser bnd develped with the readers.【答案】33．B【解析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者是一個熱情的讀者，孩提時熱衷讀書，第一份工作在圖書館。有了孩子以后，一家人去圖書館讀書，閱讀的習(xí)慣代代傳承下去。作為小說家，作者呼吁其他作家支持圖書館，宣傳圖書館。33．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文As I grew lder and became a mther可知，我長大了成了一位母親，結(jié)合下文I had several children and bks were ur main surce (來源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them(我有幾個孩子，書是我們娛樂的主要來源。對于我們來說，坐上車去當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館是件大事，在那里我的孩子們可以挑選要閱讀的書或者想讓我給他們讀的書)可推斷，作者成了母親以后，帶著孩子去圖書館，孩子挑選書籍來閱讀，或者作者讀給他們聽，因此可知圖書館在作者的生活中又增添了新的意義，閱讀的樂趣在家庭中代代相傳”。故選B。
詞義猜測題 考點3猜測代詞指代 1.【2020年新高考I卷（山東卷）】In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬禮)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.7．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A．Develping a serius mental disease.B．Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.C．Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.【答案】7．D【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。7．詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。
2.【2020年浙江卷】The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.10．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A．Increased length f green lights.B．Shrtened traffic signal cycle.C．Flexible timing f traffic signals.D．Smth traffic flw n the rad.【答案】10．C【解析】這是一篇說明文。美國華盛頓州的Bellevue采用了能隨交通狀況而調(diào)節(jié)交通燈時間的適應(yīng)性信號燈，大大緩解了交通壓力，也表明人們對于交通阻塞問題不再只是拓寬道路，而是能夠采用新方法。10．指代猜測題。That位于第二段句首，應(yīng)是指代第一段的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一樣，信號燈的時間也會變化)”可知，第一段主要講述的是信號燈的時間會靈活變化；“That is by design.”意為“那是有意為之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信號燈的靈活時間”。故選C項。
詞義猜測題 考點4 猜測句意題1.【2019·浙江卷】Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need."Peple quickly caught n. And while many tk dllars, many thers pinned their wn cash t the bard. “Peple f all ages, races, and sci-ecnmic(社會經(jīng)濟的)backgrunds gave and tk, ”said Tyler Bridges f The Tlbx, which created the prject. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress cme up t the bard and take a few dllars." Mst f the bills n the bard were singles, but a few peple left fives, tens and even twenties. The vide clip(片段)shws ne man wh had fund a $ 20 bill pinning it t the bard.“What I can say fr the flks that gave the mst, is that they were full f smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can d fr yu and that was apparent in thse that gave the mst." Mst peple wh tk dllars tk nly a few, but Bridges said a very small number tk as much as they culd.While the clip might lk like part f a new ad campaign, Bridges said the nly gal was t shw genersity and sympathy. He added that he hpes peple in ther cities might try similar prjects and pst their wn vides n the Internet.“After all, everyne has bad days and gd days," he said. “Sme days yu need a helping hand and sme days yu can be the ne giving the helping hand.”24. What des the expressin "mney with n strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.B. Mney nt legally made.C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.D. Mney nt tied tgether.【答案】24. C 【文章大意】文章介紹了Tyler Bridges 所發(fā)動的一個項目，讓有善心的人捐助錢財，讓需要的人自取錢財，而這個項目的宗旨就在于讓人們能夠互相幫助。24． C句意理解題。根據(jù)下文的故事并結(jié)合第一段板上寫的言語“Give what yu can. Take what yu need”可知，這里的錢是可以隨意拿取的，并不附帶任何條件，故選C項。
2.【2020·天津高考第一次】Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry. Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide. Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （無知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy. The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.1．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.A．the turning pint in ur histryB．the present state f ur natinC．the lcatin f ur hmelandD．the ttal area f ur cuntry【答案】1．B【解析】本文是議論文。開頭提出問題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——歷史的價值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。1．猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去。此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫線的where we are tday指的是我們國家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。
解密① 如何解決猜測詞義題？【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【廣東省部分名校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期階段性學(xué)習(xí)效率檢測調(diào)研】When 16-year-ld Grayden Brunet jined the Sackets Harbr, New Yrk, vlunteer fire department in 2017, he was the yungest n the team by 20 years. He was s determined t be fllwing in his dad’s ftsteps that he persuaded tw classmates, Niklas and Daltn, t sign up t.A few years later, the lder firefighters quit their jbs ver COVID-19 cncerns. Suddenly, the three teens were nt nly helping the Sackets Harbr vlunteer fire department, they were the Sackets Harbr vlunteer fire department. They were the nes respnding t the emergency calls f heart attacks, car accidents, and suicides.And they were the nes wh were respnsible t send COVID-19 patients t hspitals. “We went frm nt even having ur licenses t saving peple’s lives,” Daltn tld the reprter. As far as the teens were cncerned, they culdn’t quit their jbs. If they did, Brunet tld Nrth Cunty Public Radi,“The cmmunity wuld lse the emergency peratrs and the drivers f the ambulance.”The three f them struggled n alne fr a year until help arrived in the frm f five mre teens, all mtivated t serve their neighbrs in the twn f 1,300 residents.“When they call 911, they’re expecting smene t help them,” says Sphia, wh was 16 when she jined.The jb is taxing. One night last fall, the crew respnded t tw emergency calls and a fire. They gt hme at 5:30 a.m, just tw hurs befre schl started. “It’s definitely hard cming back frm the calls and having t take an algebra test, Grayden’s yunger brther Gannn said. But these brave teens didn’t mind the hard wrk. As a matter f fact, when callers met their rescuers, a lt f them wuld ask,“Wait, hw ld are yu?” That was what they felt the mst priceless mment.6．What des the underlined wrd “taxing” mean in the last paragraph?A．Effrtless.B．Demanding.C．Enjying.D．Helpful.【答案】?6．B????【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了幾個青少年志愿加入消防部門，一邊完成學(xué)業(yè)，一邊參與各項消防工作，為社區(qū)提供了極大的幫助。6．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“One night last fall, the crew respnded t tw emergency calls and a fire. They gt hme at 5:30 a. m., just tw hurs befre schl started. (去年秋天的一個晚上，消防隊的全體成員處理了兩次緊急呼叫和一起火災(zāi)。他們早上五點半回到家，離開學(xué)只有兩個小時了)”可知，他們的工作強度很大，而且要兼顧學(xué)業(yè)，是費時費力，要求很高的。由此可知，劃線詞taxing與demanding(要求高的)意思接近。故選B。
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法1： 如何解決猜測詞義題？此類題目有的可利用構(gòu)詞法來解答，首先要弄明白構(gòu)詞法的三種形式：派生法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和合成法，高考閱讀理解題中的猜測詞義題主要集中表現(xiàn)為派生和合成兩種形式。有的題需要利用上下文的已知部分進行推理；有的還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義；還有的可以根據(jù)定義、解釋和舉例猜測詞義?！咀兪骄v】【廣東省華南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期綜合測試】Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t tun climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t??keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum??cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand. And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016.Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype. but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin“ by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.15．What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.【答案】??15．A????【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。15．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.(但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別 prne被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西)”可知，本句中含有一個原因狀語從句，因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prne意為“易于……的”。故選A。
解密②如何解決猜測短語題?【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【廣東省華南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期綜合測試】A character in ne f Shakespeare’s plays nce said, “Sme are brn great, sme achieve greatness, and sme have greatness thrust upn them.” Any f these culd apply t the mdern-day sprtsmen. Many still argue abut the nature f talent. Sme claim that peple are brn t be sprtsmen, while thers say it is nly thrugh devtin and hard wrk that they achieve their abilities. Arguably thugh, it is nt until their talents are acknwledged (認可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upn them.With this acknwledgement f their “greatness” cme all the trappings f mdern-day celebrity: mney, pwer, influence and respnsibility. Fr better r fr wrse, like it r hate it, mdern sprtsmen are the rle mdels f children everywhere. These children will grw up admiring their heres, devting their lives t cpying their every mve, and wanting abve all t be like them. Due t this fascinatin, particularly with the massive influence f the media, it is mre imprtant than ever fr these sprtsmen t acknwledge their respnsibility.In the past few mnths alne, there have been many examples f questinable behavirs frm sprts stars f the present day. They are ften mirrring the very wrst aspects f sciety, a fact that the self-righteus (自以為是的) anger f the mdern press has been quick t pint ut. It wuld be wrng fr us t expect sprtsmen t be perfect. It wuld als be wrng fr us t think that their behavir is markedly different frm the sprtsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye f mdern media it is a different wrld, and different standards must be expected.Of curse, there is n duty fr sprtsmen t be gd rle mdels. There are n prisn sentences, n fines, n cmmunity service—unless their behavirs are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up t them as t whether r nt they think their behavir is apprpriate. Furthermre, measuring the true influence their decisins have n their fllwers is abslutely impssible. Sme will rise against their idls, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actins. Others may cpy their heres’ actins, using them as a shield when accused f the same crimes.
It is withut dubt that the actins f sprtsmen will influence the lives f thse wh wrship them. Mdern day sprtsmen are almst ideals f tday’s wrld, and their actins are watched carefully by millins ver the wrld. Sme may cmplain against it, denying their influence n these children’s lives. Others may be aware f it but nt respect it, while many may bth be aware f it and respect it. In a wrd, yu d nt chse whether yu are a rle mdel. All yu can d is t decide hw t act when greatness is thrust upn yu.7．The underlined phrase thrust upn in paragraph 1 mst prbably means ______.A．put ffB．remved frmC．related tD．frced n【答案】?7．D????【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，很多有名的運動員成為孩子的偶像，他們的言行對崇拜他們的人有很大影響，因此應(yīng)注意自身的言行，履行社會責(zé)任。7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語前一句“Sme are brn great，sme achieve greatness(有些人生來偉大，有些人通過努力獲得偉大)”可知，劃線短語所在句“and sme have greatness thrust upn them”是講述另一種變得偉大的方式，應(yīng)是“被迫變得偉大”，所以thrust upn意為“被迫，強加于”。故選D?！疚业陌l(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法2：如何解決猜測短語題?猜測短語題要利用出現(xiàn)短語的上文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進一步的敘述來猜測它的意思或利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的與短語意思相反的內(nèi)容來猜測其語意。
【變式精講】【山東省濟寧鄒城市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】In an effrt t cntrl the natin’s grwing prblem with fd wastage, Suth Krea has started a unique initiative — “Pay as Yu Trash”. Residents are required t separate their fd waste frm the rest f their rubbish and thrw it separately in a centralized dustbin. And in rder t access the bin, they actually need t pay by the kil!As f nw, Suth Krea has three methds in place t charge citizens fr the fd thrwn away. One is thrugh an RFID (Radi Frequency Identificatin) card — when users tap this card ver a specially designed fd waste bin, the cap will pen. This waste is autmatically weighed and recrded in the user’s accunt. The user needs t settle this bill n a mnthly basis. The secnd billing methd is thrugh pre-paid garbage bags. These specially designed bags are priced based n vlume. Fr instance, in Seul, a 10-liter garbage bag csts arund $1. There’s als a bar cde management system in place, in which citizens thrw fd waste directly int cmpst bins and pay fr it by purchasing bar cde stickers attached t the bin.Nearly every residential cmplex in the natin is equipped with ne f these three payment systems. Even befre the pay-by-weight system was intrduced, Suth Kreans were still being charged fr fd waste—the cst was simply divided equally amng the residents f each apartment blck. The new system is nt nly fair, but is als designed t make cnsumers really feel the pinch f unreasnable waste. The mre fd they thrw ut, the mre they end up paying.Citizens like Seul husewife Ms. Kwan are nw adpting innvative methds t avid fd waste. She makes sure t remve all the liquid ut f leftver fd befre thrwing it away. While preparing vegetables, she tries t make use f as much as the eatable parts as pssible t minimize waste.11．Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined phrase “feel the pinch” Paragraph 3?A．Predict the prspect.B．Analyse the cmpnent.C．Suffer the cnsequences.D．Prpse the slutin.【答案】????11．C【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。為了控制韓國日益嚴(yán)重的食物浪費問題，韓國推出了一項獨特的舉措——“為垃圾買單”。居民們被要求將食物垃圾與其他垃圾分開，分別扔進一個集中的垃圾箱。為了進入垃圾桶，他們實際上需要按公斤付錢！11．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“The new system is nt nly fair, but is als designed t make cnsumers really(新系統(tǒng)不僅是公平的，而且是設(shè)計來真正使消費者……)”以及后文“The mre fd they thrw ut, the mre they end up paying.(他們?nèi)拥舻氖澄镌蕉?，最終支付的費用就越多)”可知，新制度不僅公平，而且旨在讓消費者真正承擔(dān)不合理浪費的后果。因為他們?nèi)拥舻氖澄镌蕉啵罱K支付的費用就越多。故畫線詞意思是“承擔(dān)后果”。故選C。
解密③如何解決猜測指代題？【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】【山東省百校聯(lián)盟大聯(lián)考2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】A study dne by University f Michigan researchers fund that shpping t relieve stress was up t 40 times mre effective at giving peple a sense f cntrl and that shppers were three times less sad cmpared t thse wh nly brwsed fr items withut buying.Mre than half f the 1,000 cnsumers surveyed said they had impulsively (沖動地) shpped t deal with feelings f stress, anxiety r depressin. Twenty-three percent f respndents said they had maxed ut a credit card t relieve stress.In terms f age, 68 percent f Millennials (千禧一代) said they wuld g shpping when having stress, cmpared t 53 percent f Gen Xers, wh were brn between 1965 and 1976, and nly 26 percent f baby bmers brn after Wrld War Ⅱ.In regards t genders, 48 percent f men and 31 percent f wmen purchased alchl impulsively when stressed. Eighty-tw percent f wmen spent n clthing cmpared t 52 percent f men. 42 percent f wmen als preferred t buy jewellery, cmpared t 22 percent fr men, with men spending mre fr electrnics 44 percent versus 30 percent fr wmen.In fact, shpping t reduce stress can actully help yu live a healthier life by making sure that yur bld pressure is lwered. The survey fund that 82 percent had nly psitive feelings abut their purchases and that the psitive md bst was lng-lasting. Shpping t relieve stress is als called retail therapy as a frm f regulating stress. Hwever, the side effect f it can start ut as a relatively harmless md bster but culd pssibly grw int a cmpulsin (沖動) that causes financial cllapse and cnflict, thereby adding a significant amunt f stress t a persn’s life.
14．What des the underlined wrd “it” in the last paragraph refer t?A．The retail therapy.B．The stress regulatin.C．The md bster.D．The shpping survey.【答案】?14．A???【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些只瀏覽而不購物的人相比，通過購物來緩解壓力的效果要高出40倍，購物者的悲傷程度也要低三倍。同時，通過購物來減輕壓力可以讓你的血壓降低，從而幫助你過上更健康的生活。14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段劃線處上句“Shpping t relieve stress is als called retail therapy as a frm f regulating stress.(通過購物來緩解壓力也被稱為零售療法，是調(diào)節(jié)壓力的一種形式)”可知，it指代“retail therapy (零售療法)”。故選A?！疚业陌l(fā)現(xiàn)】規(guī)律方法：如何解決猜測指代題？此類題目應(yīng)注意代詞指代的總原則——代詞通常指代上文已提到的內(nèi)容。代詞指代要注意在數(shù)、格、邏輯、意義、位置等方面與之接近的名詞。就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常在本句或其上句中。只有好好把握代詞指代所在段落或前面段落的整體意思，問題才能迎刃而解。
【變式精講】【江蘇省決勝新高考2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月大聯(lián)考】At Christmas last year, Cathy Wd’s family hme in Manchester was disturbingly quiet. Her daughters, 19 and 21, were revising fr exams. She says she and her husband “hardly saw anything f them…I was a bit fed up.” Bred and frustrated, she bught a 45kg bunch f secndhand clthes, withut knwing what she was ging t d with it.Wd, a frmer teacher f English, has always lved clthes. At university, Wd hung ut with the fashin students and sewed her wn new rmantic utfits. Wd, nw 62, enjyed shpping fr vintage (老款) clthing and had even discussed getting a shp with a friend, but the rents put them ff. A week r s after the bunch arrived, she bked a stall (貨攤) at West Didsbury Makers Market.Standing at her first market stall was a whlly new experience thugh. “It was very different frm teaching. Yu need just the right amunt f cntact with peple.” Wd sld fur pieces at her first market, which paid fr the stall and left a small surplus (盈余). Nw, she smetimes returns hme with 30 empty cat hangers. But it was the cntact with custmers and fellw traders that she fund mst rewarding. “It’s a lvely envirnment. Yu chat and get t knw each ther. I really enjyed it.” she says.Smetimes, in quiet mments n the stall, she takes ut her mending and thinks f her mther and grandmther. “My grandmther taught art and crafts, and bth she and my mther spent a lt f time with the sewing machine, teaching me t sew,” “What these clthes d is transprt me back t different times when things were easier fr me. They give me a pleasurable feeling. Nstalgia (懷舊) can be a gd thing in that way.”After she stpped teaching, she “started t feel like a nn persn”, she says. The market stall “has given me status in my wn mind t be part f the cmmunity, cntributing smething, t be smebdy peple talk t, smebdy peple smile at.”26．What des the underlined wrd “They” in Para.5 refer t?A．Her grandmther and mther.B．Art and crafts.C．The secndhand clthes.D．The gd ld days.【答案】?26．D【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位退休英語教師賣舊服裝的故事，她在這個過程中重新實現(xiàn)了自我價值。26．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上句“What these clthes d is transprt me back t different times when things were easier fr me.”（這些衣服的作用就是把我?guī)Щ夭煌臅r代，那時候的事情對我來說更容易。）可知，二手衣服把伍德帶回到過去美好的日子，由此可知，是過去美好的日子給她一種愉悅的感覺，結(jié)合選項可知，“They”代指“過去美好的日子”。故選D項。
解密④如何解決猜測句意題？【解題中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律】[2023·河北省高三模擬調(diào)研卷（三）]It was the first day f Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Crnavirus(冠狀病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the glbe and everywhere there were feelings f uncertainty, fear, lneliness and even despair. "Scial Distancing" had becme the new nrm. Here the schls had been clsed, the restaurant dining rms had been shut, and peple had been tld t wrk frm hme whenever they culd. Even the sheltered wrkshp where my ldest sn wrked had been clsed until furl her ntice. Peple had made a run n the stres and large areas f the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers f sick and dead cntinued t rise. It felt like there was a weight n the suls f everyne in the wrld.My wn family was staying at hme as much as pssible and as I lked ut my windw I wndered hw lng this crisis wuld last. It was then, hwever. that I saw smething that lifted that weight ff f my sul, made my face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street belw my huse there was an ld friend f mine frm high schl wh was a teacher there nw. With him was my yunger sn s frmer aide frm the high schl as well. They were delivering the schl lunches dr t dr t the hungry children wh were stuck al hme. Watching them made me think f smething everyne's childhd televisin neighbr. Mr. Rger's nce said:“ In the bad times, always lk fr the helpers. ”I have n dubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis befre it have. But it is ur chice n whether it brings ut the best in us r the wrst in us. Let it bring ut the best in yu. Use it t strengthen yur faith. Use it t free yurself frm fear. Use it t grw kinder, mre giving, and mre lving. Becme a helper t all thse in need and yu will be a happy persn tday and in all the days t cme.
14．What Mr. Rger said actually means ______.A．in bad times we shuld watch mn TV prgramsB．schl lunches arc nt easy t frget fr many pepleC．we shuld prepare mre lunches fr schl childrenD．peple lk frward t helping hands in bad times【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在新春來臨之際，新型冠狀病毒席卷全球。在這危難的時刻，作者欣喜地看到街道上有人在挨家挨戶地給困在家里饑餓的兒童送餐。作者認為，在危急的時刻，人們?nèi)匀徽莆罩x擇權(quán)，選擇守望相助。14．D句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段Rger的這句話 “In the bad times, always lk fr the helpers.”再結(jié)合上下文，疫情期間，人們相互幫助，可以推測，Rger的這句話意為“在危急的時刻，人們都應(yīng)該互相幫助”。故選D。規(guī)律方法4：如何解決猜測句意題？此類題目通常需要猜測意思的是一個具有概括性的句子，或是格言、諺語等，做題時只要通過閱讀文章，對原句進行語法和詞義上的準(zhǔn)確分析，并和答案選項做一番比較，不難找出正確選項。一般來說，正確選項的意思與原句的意思完全相同，只不過是用了其他的英語詞匯表述而已。
【變式精講】【四川省樂山市高中2023屆第一次調(diào)查研究考試】One f Britain's few typical cntributins t wrld culture may cme t an end, accrding t a survey that suggests hliday pstcards are being emailed and texted int extinctin（消亡）. Mre than half f the 1,000 hliday-makers interviewed said they had decided t send fewer cards, turning instead t their electrnic cmpetitrs. A quarter f the respndents（受訪者）dismissed pstcards as ld-fashined and slw t arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking f smething t fill the space was t challenging, cmpared with a call hme. Althugh fficially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea f illustrated cards was taken up with mst enthusiasm in Victrian Britain, jining Gthic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the cuntry excelled. “If the British pstcard did becme extinct, we wuld lse fr ever smething f great imprtance t the natin," said Chris Mttershead f Thmsn Hlidays, which charged with the survey. He was backed by Marie Angelu f Sussex University, wh has studied the imprtance f sending and receiving pstcards. “Pstcards are nthing like phne calls, instant texting and direct pht shts via the mbile," she said. “All these are useful, practical devices, but pstcards ffer smething else, smething additinal that is nt mundane（世俗的）and simply functinal, but imaginative and persnal. They can prduce the real atmsphere f yur hliday in a way that nthing else can d. They're als fr mre than a mment—with sme peple adding them t cllectins built up ver years and years.”Pstcard-cllecting, is third nly t cins and stamps in Britain's related traditin f cllecting things. The cuntry's uniquely pstcard-related achievements include the inventin in 1902 f the“divided back”. With the address taking up half f the writing area, brief pstcard scribbles（潦草的書寫）became the frerunner t tday's text messages.9．What des the underlined phrase "was taken up with mst enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 prbably mean?A．Gained ppularity.B．Tk place.C．Came back.D．Went int service.【答案】9．A【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在英國，很多人選擇不再發(fā)送明信片，而是選擇電子發(fā)送方式。9．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“jining Gthic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the cuntry excelled”（它與哥特式建筑和風(fēng)景園林一起成為該國的優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域。）可知，“the idea f illustrated cards”（插畫概念）成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域，很受歡迎，推測劃線部分was taken up with mst enthusiasm表示“很受歡迎”，與gained ppularity同義。故選A項。

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