?預(yù)測(cè)02 閱讀理解篇之推理判斷題


預(yù)測(cè)一 推理判斷題是歷年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的命題集中點(diǎn)，包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，屬于深度理解題，重點(diǎn)考察學(xué)生們的邏輯理解能力以及劇情推理能力。
預(yù)測(cè)二 高考對(duì)推理判斷題的考查主要包括以下幾種形式：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題；預(yù)測(cè)和想象；推斷人物性格；推斷文章出處或讀者對(duì)象等，如下圖：
高考英語(yǔ)
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預(yù)測(cè)三 近幾年無(wú)論是全國(guó)還是地方高考題中推理判斷題出現(xiàn)的頻率僅次于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，此類題型在2020年的重要性及權(quán)重都將進(jìn)一步提高。以下為2019全國(guó)一卷至三卷的體裁、話題及推理判斷題的分布圖：

全國(guó)卷


l 推理判斷題，一般在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。
l 要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：
1.推理判斷要符合邏輯，在文中要有事實(shí)依據(jù)。
2.學(xué)會(huì)透過(guò)字里行間，去推斷隱含意義。
3.利用歸納法、演繹法、類比法對(duì)文中的論據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，從而推出論點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。
4.整合信息，由因推果，由果推因;由一般推特殊，由特殊推一-般; 由具體推抽象，由抽象推具體。
l 下圖為解題攻略
圖1：標(biāo)志及選項(xiàng)特征
圖二：解題攻略


A（2019?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I，B）
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【答案】AC
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。 通過(guò)Chris Palaez的演講來(lái)引出Whaley老師對(duì)孩子們的成長(zhǎng)做出的努力。通過(guò)組織活動(dòng)來(lái)增強(qiáng)移民的孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ).上的信心。
【解析】
26. 本題為推理判斷題。從題干中找出題目關(guān)鍵詞: the purpose of Whaley's project，然后快速定位原文倒數(shù)第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves. Whaley不只是想讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)所讀書(shū)講話,他想讓這些孩子們學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己。以及最后一段Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities, ”Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 夸耀自己及自己的最好的品質(zhì)對(duì)于沒(méi)有自信的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)很難的?？芍哪康氖亲尯⒆觽兛匆?jiàn)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)( see their own strengths) . 故答案為A.
27. 本題為推理判斷題。本題要求找出能夠描述老師Whaley的詞, Humorous幽默的; ambitious有雄心的; caring關(guān)心的;demanding苛求的。通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project... if they thought they could never be a president.和He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.可知,當(dāng)他有一天問(wèn)認(rèn)為自己當(dāng)不了總統(tǒng)的學(xué)生請(qǐng)舉手的時(shí)候,有了這個(gè)主意，這個(gè)課程就是幫助學(xué)生樹(shù)立自己的信心，所以看出這位老師很關(guān)心學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)。故答案為C.
B（2019?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷II，B）
“You can use me as a last resort(選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球) club.
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and?tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社區(qū)) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
24. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph l？
A. She knows little about the club.
B. She isn’t good at sports.
C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer.
D. She’s unable to meet her schedule.
【答案】C
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章,講述作者邀請(qǐng)并說(shuō)服一位不愿意當(dāng)志愿者的家長(zhǎng)幫忙 ,在孩子們的長(zhǎng)曲棍球俱樂(lè)部為孩子們提供志愿服務(wù),從而從志愿活動(dòng)中得到快樂(lè)。
【解析】本題為推理判斷題。句意“你可以把我當(dāng)作最后的手段,如果沒(méi)有其他人自愿的話,我會(huì)去做的。"在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜測(cè)的,所以ABD不對(duì)。根據(jù)第二段最后的the unwilling parent可以看出這位家長(zhǎng)也許不想當(dāng)自愿者。故答案為C.
C（2019?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷III，C）
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged —and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for "the man on the street" did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企業(yè))were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
29. What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A．They would be priced higher.
B．They would disappear from cities.
C．They could have more readers.
D．They could regain public trust.
31. What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A．It was a difficult process.
B．It was a temporary success.
C．It was a robbery of the poor.
D．It was a disaster for printers.
【答案】CA
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文為科普環(huán)保類說(shuō)明文，介紹了“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生歷程。
【解析】
(29)推理判斷題。題目為：街頭銷售對(duì)報(bào)紙意味著什么？選項(xiàng)分別為：A.價(jià)格會(huì)更高；B.他們會(huì)從城市消失;C.他們可以有更多的讀者;D.他們可以重新贏得公眾的信任。根據(jù)第二段提到“便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾,很便宜的。更重要的是,在街上可以買(mǎi)到報(bào)紙。結(jié)合第三段中間的street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities 可知,報(bào)紙的街頭銷售隨處可見(jiàn)。由此可推斷出,街頭銷售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了.故答案為C.
(31) 本題為推理判斷題。題目為：關(guān)于便士紙的誕生，我們能說(shuō)些什么呢？表面上，題目在問(wèn)我們的觀點(diǎn)，實(shí)際也是從文章推斷觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)最后一段中：The new trend of newspapers for ‘the man on the street’ did not begin well. Some of the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, people who owners of successful papers, had little desires to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.可知，“便士報(bào)紙” 新趨勢(shì)一開(kāi)始并不好，一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了.后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。 由此可推斷出“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。故答案為A。
D （2019?北京高考，B）
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur（創(chuàng)業(yè)者）, who in May 2015 set up her business Ailie Candy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.

It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning?
A.She argued with him.
B.She tried to find a way out.
C.She paid no attention.
D.She chose to consult dentists.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A.Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B.A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C.Positive thinking and action result in success.
D.Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【答案】 B C
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Alice Moore ,一個(gè)年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的故事,故事告訴我們:積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)成功
【解析】
【34】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, "Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? 此外，下文她想方設(shè)法最終制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知,她對(duì)父親的警告的反應(yīng)是:她試圖找到一條出路,解決問(wèn)題。故選B。
【37】推理判斷題。文章主要講述了Moor的創(chuàng)業(yè)故事,她之所以能成功,源于面對(duì)問(wèn)題和困難時(shí),她樂(lè)觀地看待問(wèn)題,積極地想方設(shè)法去解決問(wèn)題。因此,通過(guò)她的故事讓我們懂得積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來(lái)成功。故選C.
E（2019?浙江高考題，B）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic（社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip（片段）shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
25.?What?did?Bridges?want?to?show?by?mentioning?the?bride?
A.Women?tended?to?be?more?sociable.
B.The?activity?attracted?various?people.
C.Economic?problems?were?getting?worse.
D.Young?couples?needed?financial?assistance.
26.?Why?did?Bridges?carry?out?the?project?
A.To?do?a?test?on?people’s?morals.
B.To?raise?money?for?his?company.
C.To?earn?himself?a?good?reputation.
D.To?promote?kindness?and?sympathy.
【答案】B D
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 這是一則新聞報(bào)道類的記敘文,講述在洛杉磯的聯(lián)合車(chē)站,豎起了-塊木板，上面釘著一些美鈔和一個(gè)牌子,上面寫(xiě)著“留下你能給予的,拿走你所需要的?！彪m然有很多人拿走了錢(qián),但是還是有人把錢(qián)釘在木板上。文章的第一段第三句話就是本文的主題句,閱讀時(shí)要要弄清新聞的主旨,弄清細(xì)節(jié),根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞找到相關(guān)語(yǔ)句并能分析理解相關(guān)的句子,從而得到需要的答案。
【解析】
( 25 )推理判斷題。題干中的bride是Tyler Bridges舉的-一個(gè)例子,為為證明前一句People of all ages, races, and socio-economic (社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的) backgrounds gave and took ,即這個(gè)活動(dòng)吸引了各種年齡、種族和經(jīng)濟(jì)背景的人。故答案為B.
(26 )推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知他發(fā)起這個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的是讓人們展示慷慨和同情。故答案為D.

A(2020年安徽省皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考B)
As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions .
Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor. She won the recent Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence， which recognizes creative business solutions to social problems-- the same recognition was given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her two inventions--the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink- have been causing excitement internationally since their creation.
When Makosinski was 15 years old, she created a flashlight powered by the heat of one's hand. This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. “One of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school because she had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration. ” Makosinski explained.
At 12th grade, Makosinski then went on to create the e-Drink. It is a coffee cup that harvests the extra heat of a hot drink while it cools, stores it as electricity in an internal(內(nèi)置的) battery and makes it available to charge an external dev ice such as a phone, whose life can now be longer by approximately 10 to 30 minutes.
“My favorite part of creating inventions would be when you had the idea and you have to physically build it, and it doesn't work out," she said. “So you have to figure out different ways to solve it. A lot of times, I'll give up and I'll come back after a couple of days and I'll take it up again."
Her adv ice to other student innovators? “Start now. There' s nothing holding you back. Actually, you can do whatever you want.”Makosinski said,“If you want to make something，follow your heart, then go ahead. If there's something you really want to do, you will make time for it and you will find time in the day to do your schoolwork."
24. Makosinsky created the powerless flashlight mainly to
A satisfy her desire to create inventions
B. settle problems in study for her friend
C. help those who are short of electricity
D. finish the assignment of a science project
25. Which of the following is mainly explained in paragraph 4?
A How the e-Drink was invented.
B. Why the e-Drink was created.
C. What the e-Drink brings.
D. How the e-Drink works.
26. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A Popular Inventions by a Teenager Girl
B. Teenager Girl Advancing in Creation
C. Valuable Advice from a Creative Girl
D. Awards Given to a Young Inventor
【答案】CDB
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文, Ann Makosinski平時(shí)喜歡自己發(fā)明一些東西,受到了大家的一致好評(píng),同時(shí)她也鼓勵(lì)其他大學(xué)生自己動(dòng)手發(fā)明一些東西。
【解析】
24. 本題為推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的" This invention was the result of a 9th grade science project, but her goal was to offer a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity. "這項(xiàng)發(fā)明是一個(gè)九年級(jí)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果，但她的目標(biāo)是用不受限制獲得的電為人們提供一個(gè)切實(shí)可行的解決方案 ，故選C.
25. 本題為段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段可知,本段講述了e-Drink的工作原理,故選D。
26. 本題為標(biāo)題選擇題?？v觀全文可知，本文講述了Ann Makosinski平時(shí)喜歡自己發(fā)明一些東西,受到了大家的一致好評(píng),故選B.
B (2020 年上海虹口區(qū)高三一模C)
???For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks（自由主義智囊團(tuán)）whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method -- develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it -- isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test it true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method, then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewer is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science.”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds.” While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical（矛盾的）: that science produces both novelty（新穎性）and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: trans-formative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
63 Distrust in science has been found because _________.
A．scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B．most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C．a(chǎn) wide - ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D．someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
64 Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A．A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B．A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C．A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D．True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
65 What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A．The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B．The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C．The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D．The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
66 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.
A．Not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B．It is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical
C．The beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D．Science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds.
【答案】 DACA
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了人們對(duì)科學(xué)的兩種觀點(diǎn),即:相信科學(xué)和不信任科學(xué)。
【解析】
63. 本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一-段中的"For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science."可知, 幾十年來(lái)，有一個(gè)廣泛的、有組織的運(yùn)動(dòng),目的是產(chǎn)生對(duì)科學(xué)的不信任，由受管制的行業(yè)和自由主義智囊團(tuán)資助,他們的利益和信仰受到現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的威脅,由此可知,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)科學(xué)的不信任 是因?yàn)槟承┤说睦婧托叛鍪艿浆F(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的威脅,故D項(xiàng)正確。
64. 本題為推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的" Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn't always work."可知,科學(xué)是活躍的，新方法被發(fā)明，舊方法被拋棄，所以科學(xué)的方法并不總是有效的，由此可知,作者可能會(huì)同意科學(xué)方法不一定有效，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)正在發(fā)生變化“這一說(shuō)法,故A項(xiàng)正確。
65. 本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"We call this process peer review because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of science."可知,我們稱這個(gè)過(guò)程為同行評(píng)審,因?yàn)樵u(píng)審人員是科學(xué)上的同行,但是他們扮演著上級(jí)的角色,有權(quán)利也有義務(wù)找出錯(cuò)誤,只有在審稿人和編輯滿意之后,任何問(wèn)題都得到了解決，論文才會(huì)被接受發(fā)表并進(jìn)入科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,由此可知,在評(píng)估-項(xiàng)科學(xué)聲明時(shí)
，同行評(píng)審的主要目的是這一科學(xué)論斷可以在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域上發(fā)表并被認(rèn)為是正確的,故C項(xiàng)正確。
66. 本題為推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist." 可知,雖然真正解決的科學(xué)被推翻的例子比有時(shí)聲稱的要少得多,但它們確實(shí)存在,由此可知,并非所有關(guān)于公認(rèn)科學(xué)的謬誤的說(shuō)法都會(huì)導(dǎo)致它被推翻,故A項(xiàng)正確。
C（2020屆廣西玉林市高三第一次適應(yīng)性考試A）
Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.
Quebec city
Quebec city has long drawn admirers to its historic district the famed city wall, strange cobblestone lanes（鵝卵石小路）and handsome stone houses. This area transforms into a scenic Christmas village each December. The 403-year-old capital of Quebec province takes pride in the outdoors at Christmas time, when stone buildings shine with lights. Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.
Edinburgh
Edinburgh, a magic city full of staircases and hills as well as Georgian and neo-Classical buildings, is famous for its mixture of the modern and the old. This is evident in winter, when Scotland’s capital puts on a six-week festival lasting until Jan. 6 that goes way beyond Christmas markets. You can ride roller coasters, climb a wall of ice and attend a vivid Christmas themed show by the cabaret troupe（劇團(tuán)）La Clique.
Zurich
If buying gifts is on your travel schedule, Zurich is an impressive shopping center, particularly around the holidays, from multiple Christmas markets and the luxury（奢侈品）dress shops of Bahnhofstrasse Street, to the independent designers and antique shops in the merging industrial zones. Another annual lighting spectacle（壯觀場(chǎng)面）, Lichterschwimmen, on Dec. 21, includes hundreds of tiny lanterns that are sent floating down the River Limmat.
Sydney
A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney. One great and free way to feel the holiday is to take this Dec. 21 walking tour of George Street, which promises “the most sharable window displays and coloured lights.” One advantage over other destinations: warm, sandy beaches that lie just minutes from downtown, where the natural beauty of Australia’s most popular city will be waiting.
21. What can you do in Quebec city during Christmas?
A. Ride roller coasters.
B. Take part in a walking tour.
C. Enjoy cross-country ski.
D. Watch a Christmas-themed show.
22. Where should you go if you want to enjoy a Christmas without snow?
A. Quebec city. B. Edinburgh.
C. Zurich. D. Sydney.
23. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A guidebook. B. A diary.
C. A novel. D. A research paper.
【答案】 CDA
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了魁北克市、愛(ài)丁堡、蘇黎世和悉尼這四個(gè)適合圣誕節(jié)期間旅游的好去處。
【解析】
21. 本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Quebec city可將答案定位于第二段。由第二段最后一句“Consider cross-country ski on the Plains of Abraham, or skate at the place D’ Youville square.”（可以考慮在亞伯拉罕平原上越野滑雪或者在尤維爾廣場(chǎng)上滑冰。），可知在魁北克可以越野滑雪。故選C項(xiàng)。
22. 本題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段首句“A lack of snow does not dampen the Christmas spirit in Sydney.”（ 雪的缺乏并沒(méi)有影響悉尼的圣誕節(jié)氣氛。），可知如果想要沒(méi)有雪的圣誕節(jié)，可以去Sydney（悉尼）。故選D項(xiàng)。
23. 本題為推理判斷題。由第一段中的句子“Cities all over the world celebrate Christmas in unique and memorable ways. The following international destinations are just a few of the countless choices to consider.”（世界各地的城市都以獨(dú)特而難忘的方式慶祝圣誕節(jié)。下面的國(guó)際目的地只是無(wú)數(shù)的選擇中的一部分。）和后文主要介紹了四個(gè)適合在圣誕節(jié)期間旅行的城市，可知本文最有可能摘自一本旅行指南。故選A項(xiàng)。
D（2020屆黑龍江省牡丹江市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三教學(xué)檢測(cè)B）
Since birth, Joy and Miriam were left at the gate of an orphanage (孤兒院). For the disabled sisters, who both have spina bifida (脊柱裂), it may have seemed that all hopes were lost at that time. But after being adopted by a British couple, they have become two of the country's most promising wheelchair basketball stars.
In 2005, the Haizes adopted them. Then, they moved to the UK when Joy was six and Miriam was seven. The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr. Haize had with a friend in 2011. They hadn't known wheelchair sports before, but Joy was hooked from the beginning.
While Miriam loved the sport, it took her a little longer to become a serious athlete. “I used to have really low self-respect,” she said. “It's only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.” Miriam was then chosen to play at both regional trials and the Sainsbury's School Games in 2014. Of course, she earned herself a place at the famous GB Futures training camp. “GB Futures helped me a lot. It helped me take basketball to another level and learn more about the game and its history. It also helped me be more independent,” said Miriam. Meanwhile, Joy is currently the youngest player on the GB women's team — but she is making her mark on the international stage, having represented Great Britain in tournaments (錦標(biāo)賽) all over the world.
The teenagers are now eager to encourage others to explore the world of wheelchair sports. “You should have confidence in yourself. That's the one thing to help you succeed. Having setbacks helped me grow into a person and player. No matter what people said to us, we just tried our best,” said the girls.
4. What happened to Joy and Miriam when they were born?
A. They were adopted by a British couple.
B. They were abandoned to an orphanage.
C. They moved to the UK with their parents.
D. They lived with parents in an orphanage.
5. The sisters first got to know the wheelchair basketball from ________.
A. GB Futures training camp
B. their P.E. teacher by chance
C. a conversation in a TV program
D. a talk between their father and his friend
6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the Haizes aimed to train Joy to become the world champion
B. Joy set a good example to Miriam in the wheelchair basketball
C. it took Joy a long time to take the wheelchair basketball seriously
D. Miriam is the youngest player on the women's basketball team
7. What suggestion did the disabled sisters give to others?
A. Put your heart into work! B. A good beginning is half done!
C. All roads lead to Rome. D. Believe in yourself!
【答案】 BDBD
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一對(duì)輪椅籃球姐妹花的奮斗故事。
【解析】
4.B 可知，患有脊柱裂的姐妹Joy和Miriam一出生就被遺棄在了孤兒院門(mén)口。故選B項(xiàng)。
5.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“The girls discovered the wheelchair basketball through a chance conversation, which Mr.Haize had with a friend in 2011. ”可知，姐妹倆是通過(guò)父親和朋友的一次偶然的談話發(fā)現(xiàn)了輪椅籃球。故選D項(xiàng)。
6.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“It’s only when Joy got into the Under 25s European Championships in 2013 that I started to take basketball seriously. It gave me a path to follow.”可知，Joy取得了很好的成績(jī)，從而激勵(lì)了Miriam效仿她。Joy為Miriam樹(shù)立了榜樣。故選B項(xiàng)。
7.D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Joy和Miriam姐妹說(shuō)的話“You should have confidence in yourself. That’s the one thing to help you succeed.（你應(yīng)該對(duì)自己有信心。?這是幫助你成功的一件事。）” 可知，她們鼓勵(lì)年輕人一定要自信,自信能幫助他們成功。故選D項(xiàng)。
E (2020年河南省六市高考第一次模擬B)
Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. As we initially considered it, it seemed crazy. Would we even make it a week without going mad? Living room, kitchen, office, dining room, all in one small four-walled space.
There were a number of other potential options. We could move out into the suburbs like most people do in our extraordinarily expensive city and have a small yard maybe even a basement. But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. We like to live differently from the crowd, to avoid what everyone else is doing “just because” everyone else is.
“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space.
In the past, sometimes we had quite different ideas about which art or decorating style we found appealing. But here, in this tiny space, we found ourselves having a ton of fun exploring possible options. There’s no room for clutter(凌亂的東西), either. This is a gift!
It’s been 8 months, and we’re staying. Perhaps forever. When a space is this small, you don’t need to spend much in furnishing it, and you can’t keep endlessly buying things. There’s nowhere to put them!
This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. It’s so much better than feeling weighed down, paying for a big space and more and more things. I highly recommend it.
24. What can we learn from the words of the author’s husband?
A. He didn’t like to stay in the small space.
B. He made up his mind to stay in the small space.
C. He was uncertain about living in the small space.
D. He encouraged the author to live in the small space.
25. What do we know about the author’s experience from the text?
A. It was depressing but inspiring.
B. It was challenging but interesting.
C. It was disappointing but touching.
D. It was embarrassing but rewarding.
26. What’s the main advantage of living in the small room to the author?
A. She could enjoy life more. B. She could avoid the crowds.
C. She could clean the room easily. D. She could enjoy a feeling of freedom.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. A new trend of living B. The joy of living “tiny”
C. Save space, save money D. Make good use of space
【答案】 CBAB
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的經(jīng)歷和感受到的樂(lè)趣。
【解析】
24.C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Let’s try it for six months. If it makes us crazy, we’ll move. We can do anything for 6 months,” my husband said. “讓我們?cè)嚵鶄€(gè)月吧。如果它讓我們發(fā)瘋，我們就會(huì)搬家。我們可以在6個(gè)月內(nèi)做任何事情，”我丈夫說(shuō)?？芍髡叩恼煞蛞膊淮_定能否住在這個(gè)小地方里，因此他提出了先住六個(gè)月試試。故選C項(xiàng)。
25.B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中But there was something about this neat “tiny” home that aroused our interest, which challenged us. 但是，這個(gè)整潔的“小”房子里有一些東西引起了我們的興趣，對(duì)我們提出了挑戰(zhàn)。以及第三段中It was challenging squeezing into the space at first, but then something caught us by surprise. We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 一開(kāi)始擠進(jìn)這個(gè)空間很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但后來(lái)有件事讓我們大吃一驚。我們開(kāi)始在我們的小空間里玩得很開(kāi)心?？芍?，文章中作者的經(jīng)歷是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，但也很有趣。故選B項(xiàng)。
26.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中This leaves us more financial resources and more time to go out into the much bigger world and enjoy life. For us, living in a “tiny” home has filled us with a feeling of abundance. 這給我們留下了更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)資源和更多的時(shí)間去到更廣闊的世界去享受生活。對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，住在“小”房子里讓我們有一種富足的感覺(jué)?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為住在“小”房子主要的好處是她能更多地去享受生活。故選A項(xiàng)。
27. B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Earlier this year, my husband and I were presented with the chance to make our home in an urban “micro” space. 今年早些時(shí)候，我和我的丈夫有機(jī)會(huì)在一個(gè)城市的“微小”空間里安家。第二段中We started having a ton of fun with our tiny space. 我們開(kāi)始在我們的小空間里玩得很開(kāi)心。以及最后一段中I highly recommend it. 我強(qiáng)烈推薦它?？芍疚闹饕侵v述了作者和丈夫住在“小”房子里的經(jīng)歷以及感受到的樂(lè)趣，因此本文的最佳標(biāo)題是“住在小房子的樂(lè)趣”。故選B項(xiàng)。

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