A US man has becme the first persn in the wrld t receive a heart transplant frm a genetically mdified pig.
Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett, a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US, wh was living with heart disease.
Bennett is currently being carefully mnitred while specialists at the University f Maryland Medical Center, where the prcedure was carried ut, determine whether the transplant can keep him alive in the lng term. “It was either t die, r d this transplant. I want t live. I knw it’s a sht in the dark, but it’s my last chice,” said Bennett. “I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.”
While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial, pig heart valves (瓣膜) have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.
“This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis. There are simply nt enugh dnr human hearts available t meet the lng list f ptential recipients,” said Bartley Griffith, the heart surgen wh perfrmed the peratin. “We are ding cautiusly, but we are als ptimistic that this first-in-the-wrld surgery will prvide an imprtant new ptin fr patients in the future.”
In the dnr pig, three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig’s heart were kncked ut. Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme. Finally, ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.
“This is truly a histric, mnumental step frward. While we have lng been at the frefrnt f research driving prgress tward the prmise f xentransplantatin (異種器官移植) as a practical slutin t the rgan crisis, many believed this breakthrugh wuld be well int the future,” said Bert O’Malley, president and CEO f the University f Maryland Medical Center.
1．Why did David Bennett have heart transplant surgery?
A．Because it is the last way fr him t survive.
B．Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.
C．Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.
D．Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.
2．What can we knw abut the pig’s full heart transplant surgery?
A．It has been successful fr decades.B．It is an ptinal methd t help the pig.
C．It can cause the heart patient t stay in bed.D．It makes an advance in dealing with rgan crisis.
3．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase?
A．a(chǎn) definite failureB．a(chǎn) desperate attempt
C．a(chǎn) great hpeD．a(chǎn) wise ptin
4．What is paragraph 6 mainly abut?
A．The result f the peratin.B．The effect f the peratin.
C．The prcess f the peratin.D．The methd f the peratin.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了一名美國男子成為世界上第一個接受轉基因豬心臟移植的人，文章介紹了該男子的情況以及豬的心臟移植手術取得的突破。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett, a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US, wh was living with heart disease.(外科醫(yī)生表示，對于患有心臟病的57歲美國馬里蘭州患者大衛(wèi)·貝內特來說，實驗性手術是唯一可行的選擇)”和第三段大衛(wèi)·貝內特說的話“It was either t die, r d this transplant. I want t live.(要么死，要么做移植手術。我想活下去)”可知，大衛(wèi)·貝內特要做心臟移植手術是因為這是他生存的最后一條路。故選A。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial, pig heart valves (瓣膜) have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.(雖然完整的心臟移植更具爭議，但豬心臟瓣膜多年來已成功用于人體移植)”以及第五段“This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.(這是一次突破性的手術，使我們離解決器官短缺危機又近了一步)”可知，豬的心臟移植手術在處理器官危機方面取得了進步。故選D。
3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“but it’s my last chice(但它是我最后的選擇)”以及“I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.(我期待著康復后能下床)”可知，大衛(wèi)·貝內特說進行移植手術是自己最后的選擇，他想要康復后活動，說明這是一次不顧一切的嘗試，故劃線詞意思是“不顧一切的嘗試”。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段“In the dnr pig, three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig’s heart were kncked ut. Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme. Finally, ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.(在供體豬身上，三個可能導致豬心臟報復性排斥的基因被敲除。6個負責豬心臟免疫接受的人類基因隨后被插入到基因組中。最后，為了防止心臟組織在植入后過度生長，豬體內的一個基因被移除)”可知，第六段的主要內容是手術過程。故選C。
Passage 2
Psture(姿勢)plays an imprtant part in health. Lng-time pr psture can lead t pain and discmfrt. It has als been shwn that pr psture can increase the risk f disease. Slutins are needed t help peple, especially students and ffice wrkers, change their psture t prevent these prblems and imprve their health. As a result, researchers have develped a smart fabric(織物).
Peple ften sit in varius pr pstures in their daily life. This culd be reduced if peple were able t bserve their real-time sitting psture by wearing the smart fabric. With the sitting psitin mnitring (監(jiān)測)，users can watch their psture n the screen and make necessary changes.
The fabric was develped using TENGS, which can use mvement f the wearer t cllect the energy t pwer the psture mnitring sensr(傳感器). The data cllected by the sensrs can prvide immediate advice, warning the wearer when they need t change their psture. The fabric stretches easily and is washable and breathable. These factrs are imprtant fr hw peple use the smart fabric, affecting the cmfrt f the wearable sensrs and hw well the fabric wrks.
In additin t the cmfrt f the fabric, anther imprtant aspect is the effectiveness f the psture mnitring. The sensrs are fixed int the fabric in psitins alng the spines(脊椎), which can help cllect data n the mst cmmn pr psitins. The data is then sent t a machine, which prcesses key infrmatin telling hw the wearer is sitting, classifying their sitting psitin, and mnitring hw they crrect their psture. This system is able t crrectly recgnizing the wearer’s psture mst f the time.
With all these features, this mnitring clthing will help peple avid pain, discmfrt, and lng-term health prblems. And it is believed this clthing will ffer a reliable healthcare slutin fr lng-term mnitring.
5．Why is the smart fabric develped?
A．T treat sme spine diseases.
B．T change peple’s wrking habits.
C．T help peple crrect their pr pstures.
D．T start a new trend in the fashin industry.
6．What can we knw abut the mnitring system?
A．It is self-pwered.
B．It can be used as a charger.
C．It adapts t bdy mvements.
D．It prevents peple frm sitting fr lng.
7．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The advantages f the smart fabric.
B．The wrking prcess f the smart fabric.
C．The functin f sensrs in the smart fabric.
D．The ways f cllecting data within the smart fabric.
8．What is the authr’s attitude twards the mnitring system?
A．Dubtful.B．Surprised,C．Uncertain.D．Supprtive.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．A 8．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了開發(fā)智能面料的目的是幫助人們糾正不良姿勢。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Slutins are needed t help peple, especially students and ffice wrkers, change their psture t prevent these prblems and imprve their health. As a result, researchers have develped a smart fabric(織物).”（需要解決方案來幫助人們，特別是學生和上班族，改變他們的姿勢，以預防這些問題，改善他們的健康。因此，研究人員開發(fā)了一種智能織物。）可推知，開發(fā)智能織物的目的是幫助人們糾正不良的姿勢。故選C項。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“The fabric was develped using TENGS, which can use mvement f the wearer t cllect the energy t pwer the psture mnitring sensr(傳感器).”（這種面料是用TENGS技術開發(fā)的，它可以利用穿戴者的運動來收集能量，為姿勢監(jiān)測傳感器供電。）可推知，關于監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，我們知道它是自供電的。故選A項。
7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“In additin t the cmfrt f the fabric, anther imprtant aspect is the effectiveness f the psture mnitring.”（除了面料的舒適度，另一個重要的方面是姿勢監(jiān)測的有效性。）可知，第四段的主要內容是智能織物的優(yōu)勢。故選A項。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“With all these features, this mnitring clthing will help peple avid pain, discmfrt, and lng-term health prblems. And it is believed this clthing will ffer a reliable healthcare slutin fr lng-term mnitring.”（有了這些功能，這種監(jiān)測服將幫助人們避免疼痛、不適和長期的健康問題。人們相信，這種衣服將為長期監(jiān)測提供可靠的醫(yī)療解決方案。）可推知，作者對監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的態(tài)度是積極的，支持的。故選D項。
Passage 3
Hundreds f millins have rlled up their sleeves fr the COVID-19 vaccine, but why haven’t they taken dwn their pants instead? What’s the science behind why we get mst vaccines in ur arm and des the injectin site matter?
Muscles make an excellent vaccine injectin site because muscle tissue cntains imprtant immune cells. The immune cells recgnize the antigen (抗原), a tiny piece f a virus r bacterium intrduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune respnse. In the case f the COVID-19 vaccine, the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and take them t the lymph ndes (淋巴結). Injecting the vaccine int muscle tissue keeps the vaccine lcalized (局部的), allwing the immune cells there t sund the alarm t ther immune cells and get t wrk. Once a vaccine is recgnized by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigens t lymph vessels, which transprt the antigen-carrying immune cells int the lymph ndes. Lymph ndes, imprtant part f ur immune system, cntain mre immune cells that recgnize the antigens frm vaccines and start the immune prcess f creating antibdies.
Muscle tissue als tends t keep vaccine reactins lcalized. Injecting a vaccine int the muscle may result in lcal inflammatin (紅腫) r sreness at the injectin site. If certain vaccines are injected int fat tissue, the chance f vaccine reactins increases because fat tissue has pr bld supply, leading t pr absrptin f the antigens in the vaccines.
Yet anther deciding factr in the vaccine injectin site is the size f the muscle. Adults and children aged three and lder tend t receive vaccines in their upper arm. Yunger children receive vaccines in their thighs (大腿) because their arm muscles are smaller and less develped.
Anther cnsideratin during vaccine injectin is cnvenience and patients’ acceptability. Can yu imagine taking dwn yur pants at a clinic with strangers arund? Rlling up yur sleeve is much easier and mre preferred.
All things cnsidered, when it cmes t the COVID-19 vaccine, fr mst adults and kids, the arm is the preferred injectin site.
9．Hw many reasns fr the vaccines given int the muscle are mentined?
A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.
10．What des the underlined expressin “pick up” in the secnd paragraph prbably mean?
A．Recgnize.B．Cllect.C．Clean up.D．Lift up.
11．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is the preferred vaccine injectin site fr mst peple?
A．The arm.B．The hand.C．The thigh.D．The ft.
12．What may be the best title fr the passage?
A．Dn’t be afraid f injectinB．Why d we get injectin in the arm?
C．An interesting secret t injectinD．Hw vaccines are given int the muscle?
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．A 12．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了為什么在手臂肌肉注射疫苗的原因。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Muscles make an excellent vaccine injectin site because muscle tissue cntains imprtant immune cells（肌肉是一個很好的疫苗注射部位，因為肌肉組織含有重要的免疫細胞）”第三段中的“Muscle tissue als tends t keep vaccine reactins lcalized（肌肉組織也傾向于保持疫苗在局部反應）”第四段“Yet anther deciding factr in the vaccine injectin site is the size f the muscle.（疫苗注射部位的另一個決定因素是肌肉的大小。）”和第五段“Anther cnsideratin during vaccine injectin is cnvenience and patients’ acceptability.（疫苗注射過程中的另一個考慮因素是方便性和患者的可接受性。）”可知，疫苗注射在肌肉上有四個原因。故選擇C項。
10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“The immune cells recgnize the antigen(免疫細胞識別抗原)”可知，畫線詞組pickup與recgnize對應，表示“認識，辨認出”。肌肉組織中的免疫細胞識別出這些疫苗中的抗原，然后將其傳送給淋巴結。故選擇A項。
11．細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章最后一段內容“All things cnsidered, when it cmes t the COVID-19 vaccine, fr mst adults and kids, the arm is the preferred injectin site.（綜合考慮，就新冠肺炎疫苗而言，對于大多數(shù)成年人和兒童來說，手臂是首選注射部位。）”可知，大多數(shù)人更樂意在胳膊上注射疫苗。故選擇A項。
12．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段首先提出“What’s the science behind why we get mst vaccines in ur arm and des the injectin site matter?（為什么我們的手臂上接種了大多數(shù)疫苗，注射部位重要嗎？）”，下文詳細分析了在胳膊上注射疫苗的原因，所以用B項“Why d we get injectin in the arm?”作為本文題目與文章主題項符合。故選擇B項。
Passage 4
Over the last tw decades, humankind has created a vast mbile netwrk enabling peple t share infrmatin at unprecedented(前所未有的)rates, discvered water n Mars, engineered cars that run n hydrgen(氫), etc. S many achievements have there been, in fact, that mst g unnticed by the general ppulatin. It is nly when a family member needs a heart transplant that yu cme t learn abut the pssibility f smene building a heart fr them.
In September, British mathematician Sir Michael Atiyah claimed t have slved the Riemann Hypthesis, a cmplex mathematical equatin(數(shù)學方程式)that has puzzled sme f the wrld’s brightest minds fr 160 years. ”What is the Riemann Hypthesis and why shuld I care?“ yu ask. Frankly speaking, I dn’t understand it, and I dn’t think I ever will. But I am sure that its applicatins fr advancement in science and technlgy will be significant. The fact f the matter is that individuals r teams can spend years r even decades wrking n maths prblems that they may never slve. They d s nt nly because f the rewards that might be available, but als because it is a wrthy gal. Mst f the wrld will nt understand what these individuals d, but ur lives wuld be very different if nbdy ever sught t challenge themselves and take n crazy prjects.
I admire a man named Jir On, wner and chef f arguably the mst famus sushi restaurant in Japan. Jir became a qualified sushi chef in 1951, nearly 70 years ag. Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. Many wuld think that after ding smething fr that lng, they have nthing else t learn, but Jir puts that ntin t shame. Every day, he stands behind the cunter and experiments with fd in his pursuit f perfectin.
In life, just abut every crner yu turn, yu can find areas t imprve upn. Medical researchers lk fr ways t cure cancer; basketball players practice hard t becme the next Michael Jrdan; scientists experiment with alternative fuels t help the envirnment. Mst f us have nt been tasked with prgressing in a certain way yet, but what all f us shuld be ding is seeking t imprve urselves fr the gd f urselves r fr the gd f thers.
13．Why did the authr mentin Sir Michael Atiyah in Paragraph 2?
A．T emphasize that his cntributin is unprecedented.
B．T argue that prving maths prblem is prfitable.
C．T identify the essential ingredients that lead t his success.
D．T prve that we need pineers like him in tday’s wrld.
14．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．An artificial heart isn’t available fr ne with heart disease.
B．Jir On cnsiders seeking imprvement as a shame.
C．Everyne shuld try t impse themselves merely fr his wn sake.
D．Michael Atiyah is similar t Jir On in terms f their pursuit.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．Prving Riemann HypthesisB．The Never-ending Jurney
C．Challenging OurselvesD．Achieving Success
【答案】13．D 14．D 15．B
【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章通過列舉了英國數(shù)學家Sir Michael Atiyah一直努力證明黎曼猜想以及日本廚師Jir On一生追求做出完美的壽司食品的例子，旨在說明任何事情就像一場沒有終點的旅行，你需要一直努力。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Mst f the wrld will nt understand what these individuals d, but ur lives wuld be very different if nbdy ever sught t challenge themselves and take n crazy prjects.”（世界上大多數(shù)人都不會理解這些人在做什么，但如果沒有人試圖挑戰(zhàn)自己，接受瘋狂的項目，我們的生活會非常不同。）可知，正是因為有那些試圖挑戰(zhàn)自己，不斷接受瘋狂的項目的人們，才有了我們如今的生活?？赏浦?，作者本段列舉英國數(shù)學家Sir Michael Atiyah的例子，就是為了證明我們需要這樣的先驅。故選D。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“It is nly when a family member needs a heart transplant that yu cme t learn abut the pssibility f smene building a heart fr them.”（只有當一個家庭成員需要心臟移植時，你才會了解到有人為他們建造心臟的可能性。）可知，一個人工心臟能給一個有心臟病的人使用。選項A與文意不符；根據(jù)第三段中“Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. ”（如今，92歲的他仍在尋找提高技藝的方法。）可知，Jir 在92歲仍在追求進步，說明尋求進步并非恥辱。選項B與文意不符；根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中“what all f us shuld be ding is seeking t imprve urselves fr the gd f urselves r fr the gd f thers.”（我們所有人都應該做的是為了自己的利益或他人的利益而提高自己。）所以，每個人都不應該僅僅是為了自己的原因。選項C錯誤。根據(jù)第二段中“The fact f the matter is that individuals r teams can spend years r even decades wrking n maths prblems that they may never slve. They d s nt nly because f the rewards that might be available, but als because it is a wrthy gal. ”（事實是，個人或團隊可能花費數(shù)年甚至數(shù)十年的時間研究他們可能永遠無法解決的數(shù)學問題。他們這么做不僅是因為可能獲得獎勵，還因為這是一個有價值的目標。）可知，英國數(shù)學家Sir Michael Atiyah一直努力證明黎曼猜想，是因為他認為這是有價值的。倒數(shù)第二段中“Jir became a qualified sushi chef in 1951, nearly 70 years ag. Tday, at the age f 92, he is still lking fr ways t imprve upn his craft. ”（1951年，也就是近70年前，Jir成為了一名合格的壽司廚師。如今，92歲的他仍在尋找提高技藝的方法。）可知，Jir傾其一生追求提高技藝的方法。所以，Michael Atiyah和Jir兩人一生都是追求自己的目標。故選D。
15．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段和第三段中分別列舉英國數(shù)學家Sir Michael Atiyah和日本廚師Jir On兩人的事例，可知，兩人畢生都在追求著自己的目標，說明任何事情就像一場沒有終點的旅行，你需要一直努力。選項B與文意相符，符合文章主題。故選B。
Passage 5
Munting evidence suggests that lngtime sitting — a main part f mdern-day life — is risky t yur health, even if yu exercise regularly. Based n these findings, dctrs advise all adults t sit less and mve mre. But hw ften d we need t get up frm ur chairs? And fr hw lng?
Few studies have cmpared multiple ptins t cme up with the answer mst ffice wrkers want: What is the least amunt f activity needed t cunteract the health effects f a wrkday filled with sitting?
Nw a study by Clumbia University exercise physilgists has an answer. Unlike ther studies that test ne r tw activity ptins, the study tested five different exercise “snacks”, r shrt bursts f activity after a perid f time’s sitting: ne minute f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting, ne minute after 60 minutes, five minutes every 30, five minutes every 60 and n walking.
The prper amunt f mvement, the researchers fund, was five minutes f walking every 30 minutes. This was the nly amunt that greatly lwered bth bld sugar and bld pressure. In additin, this walking rutine had an impressive effect n hw the participants respnded t large meals, reducing bld sugar spikes (峰值) by 58% cmpared with sitting all day. Taking a walking break every 30 minutes fr ne minute als prvided mdest benefits fr bld sugar levels thrughut the day, while walking every 60 minutes, either fr ne minute r five minutes, prvided n benefit.
What we knw nw is that fr best health, yu need t mve regularly at wrk, in additin t a daily exercise rutine. While that may sund impractical, the findings shw that even small amunts f walking spread thrugh the wrk day can greatly lwer yur risk f heart disease and ther chrnic (慢性的) illnesses.
16．What des the study by Clumbia University fcus n?
A．What adults shuld d t keep exercising regularly.
B．When and where we need t sit less and mve mre.
C．Why lngtime sitting every day is risky t ur health.
D．Hw ften and hw lng we need t walk frm ur chairs.
17．What des the underlined wrd “cunteract” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Cancel ut.B．Give up.C．Add t.D．Benefit frm.
18．Which walking pattern is the mst useful fr health accrding t the text?
A．One minute f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting.
B．Five minutes f walking after every 30 minutes f sitting.
C．One minute f walking after every 60 minutes f sitting.
D．Five minutes f walking after every 60 minutes f sitting.
19．What des the last paragraph shw?
A．The risks f heart disease and ther illnesses.
B．The daily exercise rutine suitable fr everyne.
C．The suggestins n the health f the ffice staff.
D．The ways f mving regularly at wrk every day.
【答案】16．D 17．A 18．B 19．C
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了久坐對健康的產(chǎn)生的危害，但一項小研究表明，每坐30分鐘，就進行5分鐘的步行，有助于抵消這種危害。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But hw ften d we need t get up frm ur chairs? And fr hw lng?”（但是我們需要多久從椅子上站一次？持續(xù)多久？）可知，哥倫比亞大學關注的是我們需要多久從椅子上走開一次并且要走多久。故選D項。
17．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Munting evidence suggests that lngtime sitting — a main part f mdern-day life — is risky t yur health。”（越來越多的證據(jù)表明，即使你經(jīng)常鍛煉，長期久坐——現(xiàn)代生活的主要部分——對你的健康也是有風險的。）及第二段劃線單詞的句子“Few studies have cmpared multiple ptins t cme up with the answer mst ffice wrkers want: What is the least amunt f activity needed t cunteract the health effects f a wrkday filled with sitting?”（很少有研究對多種選擇進行比較，以得出大多數(shù)上班族想要的答案：為了cunteract久坐的工作日對健康的影響，最少的活動量是多少？）可知，前文提到久坐對健康有影響，推斷出上班族關心的對于抵消工作日久坐對健康的影響最少的活動量是多少，cunteract和A項“抵消”意思一致。故選A項。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The prper amunt f mvement, the researchers fund, was five minutes f walking every 30 minutes.”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，適當?shù)倪\動量是每30分鐘步行5分鐘。）可知，根據(jù)文章可知對于健康最有用的行走模式是每30分鐘步行5分鐘。故選B項。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“What we knw nw is that fr best health, yu need t mve regularly at wrk, in additin t a daily exercise rutine.”（我們現(xiàn)在所知道的是，為了獲得最佳健康，除了日常鍛煉外，你還需要在工作中定期運動。）可知，最后一段展示出這是關于辦公室工作人員健康的建議。故選C項。
Passage 6
Peple have grwn taller ver, the last, century, with Suth Krean wmen shting up by mre than 20 cm n average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5 cm. A glbal study lked at the average height f 18-year-lds in 200 cuntries between 1914 and 2014. The results shw that while Swedes were the tallest peple in the wrld in 1914, Dutch men have risen frm 12th place t the tp spt with an average height f 182.5 cm. Latvian wmen, meanwhile, rse frm 28th place in 1914 t becme the tallest in the wrld a century later, with an average height f 169.8 cm. James Bentham, a c-authr f the research, says the glbal trend is likely but “nce yu average ver whle ppulatins, genetics plays a less key rle,” he added.
A little extra height brings a number f advantages says Eli Ribli f Imperial Cllege. “Being taller is assciated with lnger life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due t a lwer risk f dying f cardivascular (心血管的) disease amng taller peple.”
But while height has increased arund the wrld, the trend in many African cuntries causes cncern, says Ribli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing amng 18-year-lds.
“One reasn fr these decreases in height is the ecnmic situatin in the 1980s,” said Alexander Mradi f the University f Sussex. The nutritinal and health crises led t many children and teenagers failing t their full ptential in terms f height.
Bentham believes the glbal trend f increasing height is f great imprtance. “Hw tall we are nw is strngly influenced by the envirnment we grew up in” he said? “If we give children the best pssible start in life nw, they will be healthier and mre prductive fr decades t cme.”
20．What des the glbal study tell us abut peple’s height?
A．The last century has seen a great increase in peple’s height in mst cuntries.
B．Genetics plays a key rle in the increase f peple’s height in the last: century.
C．The increase in wmen’s height is much bigger than men’s in the last century.
D．Dutch and Swedes are ranked first and secnd in height in’ the wrld nwadays.
21．What des Eli Ribli say abut taller peple?
A．They generally risk fewer diseases.B．They tend t live lnger.
C．They enjy an easier life.D．They have greater expectatins in life.
22．The underlined wrd “reversed” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.
A．slwed dwn.B．remained stable.
C．cme t life again.D．changed t the cntrary.
23．Accrding t the text, James Bentham suggests that ________.
A．envirnment prtectin shuld be attached great imprtance t
B．the glbal trend f increasing height shuld be clsely watched
C．children’s prper nutritin and healthcare shuld be guaranteed
D．the ecnmic situatin f sme cuntries shuld be imprved
【答案】20．A 21．B 22．D 23．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項全球研究的結果顯示上個世紀人們平均身高有所增加。身高很大程度上受到成長環(huán)境的影響，如果想要孩子們在未來幾十年里更健康、更年富力強，我們要確保孩子們的營養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。
20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Peple have grwn taller ver, the last, century, with Suth Krean wmen shting up by mre than 20 cm n average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5 cm. A glbal study lked at the average height f 18-year-lds in 200 cuntries between 1914 and 2014.(在過去的一個世紀里，人們長高了，韓國女性的平均身高增加了超過20厘米，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。一項全球研究調查了1914年至2014年間200個國家18歲青少年的平均身高)”可知，這項全球研究調查了1914年到2014年200個國家18歲青少年人的平均身高，得出結論，過去的一個世紀里，人們的平均身高增長了。故選A項。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Being taller is assciated with lnger life expectancy,” he said.(他說：“個子越高，預期壽命越長?！?”可知，Eli Ribli表示個子更高的人往往活得時間更長。故選B項。
22．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing amng 18-year-lds.(雖然烏干達和尼日爾的身高在20世紀初有所增加，但近年來這一趨勢reversed，18歲人群的身高有所下降)”可知，20世紀初，烏干達和尼日爾的身高有所增加，但近年來18歲人群的身高有所下降，即身高增加這一趨勢反轉了，推測劃線單詞表示“顛倒，反轉”，即“changed t the cntrary (與此相反)”。故選D項。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The nutritinal and health crises led t many children and teenagers failing t their full ptential in terms f height.(營養(yǎng)和健康危機導致許多兒童和青少年在身高方面未能充分發(fā)揮潛力)”以及最后一段“If we give children the best pssible start in life nw, they will be healthier and mre prductive fr decades t cme.(如果我們現(xiàn)在給孩子們最好的人生開端，他們在未來幾十年里會更健康、更年富力強)”可知，James Bentham建議給孩子們最好的人生開端，確保孩子們的營養(yǎng)和醫(yī)療保健。故選C項。
Passage 7
Hw Did Wlfgang Amadeus Mzart Die?
On Nvember 20th, 1791, Mzart suddenly came dwn with fever and was wracked with pain. His arms and legs were severely swllen. In the fllwing days his health significantly deterirated. He died n December 5 after lapsing int a cma. The death certificate states he died f “severe miliary fever”. Exactly which disease led t Mzart’s death has been a mystery fr the last 200 years.
Speculatins
Many myths —sme mre plausible than thers — entwine (纏繞) Mzart’s early demise. One f the mst ppular myths — that Mzart was pisned by his rival Antni Salieri — rse t prminence due t the ppularity f the film Amadeus. This thery is supprted by the fact that Mzart had been living thrugh a phase f depressin befre his death, suffering frm parania and existential fear. Mzart himself suspected that the cause f his deterirating health was being pisned ver a lng time. Hwever, it is highly likely that this was just his subjective view f reality.
Many ther speculatins circulate. Syphilis and trichinellsis are frequently mentined. In 1905, a French physician assumed uric acid pisning due t a never fully healed nephritis. In 1961, lead pisning was suggested as a pssible cause f death.
Scientific attempts t explain Mzart’s death
In 2000, a grup f American scientists prpsed rheumatic fever caused by a strep infectin after cnducting meticulus detective wrk. The symptms stated in literature and the reprts f Mzart’s cntempraries yielded the clues. Withut antibitics, such an infectin wuld inevitably lead t death. Rheumatic fever causes a weakening f the heart, which culd explain Mzart’s swllen limbs.
In 2009, the Dutch scientist Richard Zegers extensively studied surviving dcuments and cncluded that Mzart had been suffering frm pharyngitis, a thrat infectin with symptms including cramps, fever, rashes and a swllen neck. Mzart’s sister-in-law Sphie Haibel had described these symptms. The death registry f Vienna fr winter 1791 lists several deaths caused by this disease.
Whatever the cause f Mzart’s death, it came far t early. Let us thank him fr his manic urge t create art and remember him n December 5th!
24．Which f the fllwing is similar in meaning t the underlined wrd “deterirate” (Paragraph 1)?
A．T becme wrse.B．T change greatly.
C．T recver quickly.D．T be harmed rapidly.
25．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．It is generally believed that Mzart was pisned by his friend.
B．Mzart’s depressin parania and existential fear led t his death.
C．Mzart had been pisned sustainably fr a lng time befre he died.
D．Mzart nce gt a nephritis and it was never healed.
26．What can we infer frm Paragraph 4?
A．Mzart’s disease was recrded in cntemprary literature and reprts.
B．Antibitics were nt discvered at that time.
C．Rheumatic fever can nly be caused by strep infectin.
D．Mzart’s illness cannt be cured even tday.
27．What is the authr’s purpse mentining Mzart’s sister-in-law’s wrds?
A．T back up the Dutchman’s study.
B．T prve they were cmmn symptms causing death in 1791.
C．T prve Mzart did have such symptms befre his death.
D．T emphasize her special identify as a witness t Mzart’s death.
【答案】24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了對世界音樂家莫扎特死因的種種猜測。
24．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“On Nvember 20th, 1791, Mzart suddenly came dwn with fever and was wracked with pain. His arms and legs were severely swllen. In the fllwing days his health significantly deterirated. He died n December 5 after lapsing int a cma. （1791年11月20日，莫扎特突然發(fā)燒，疼痛難當。他的胳膊和腿嚴重腫脹。在隨后的幾天里，他的健康狀況嚴重deterirated。他在昏迷后于12月5日去世。）”可知，前面說莫扎特嚴重腫脹，后來去世，可以推斷是健康嚴重惡化，然后去世，所以，劃線單詞deterirated的意義為“惡化”。故選A。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In 1905, a French physician assumed uric acid pisning due t a never fully healed nephritis.（1905年，一位法國醫(yī)生認為尿酸中毒是由于從未完全愈合的腎炎。）”可知，莫扎特有一次得了腎炎，一直沒有痊愈。故選D。
26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In 2000, a grup f American scientists prpsed rheumatic fever caused by a strep infectin after cnducting meticulus detective wrk. The symptms stated in literature and the reprts f Mzart’s cntempraries yielded the clues. Withut antibitics, such an infectin wuld inevitably lead t death. Rheumatic fever causes a weakening f the heart, which culd explain Mzart’s swllen limbs.（2000年，一組美國科學家在進行了細致的偵查工作后，提出了由鏈球菌感染引起的風濕熱。文學作品中描述的癥狀和莫扎特同時代人的報告提供了線索。如果沒有抗生素，這種感染將不可避免地導致死亡。風濕熱會導致心臟衰弱，這可以解釋莫扎特四肢腫脹的原因。）”可知，當時還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)抗生素，導致莫扎特四肢腫脹去世。故選B。
27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“In 2009, the Dutch scientist Richard Zegers extensively studied surviving dcuments and cncluded that Mzart had been suffering frm pharyngitis, a thrat infectin with symptms including cramps, fever, rashes and a swllen neck. Mzart’s sister-in-law Sphie Haibel had described these symptms. The death registry f Vienna fr winter 1791 lists several deaths caused by this disease.（2009年，荷蘭科學家理查德·齊格斯(Richard Zegers)廣泛研究了現(xiàn)存的文獻，得出結論認為莫扎特患有咽炎，這是一種喉嚨感染，癥狀包括痙攣、發(fā)燒、皮疹和頸部腫脹。莫扎特的嫂子索菲·海貝爾描述了這些癥狀。1791年冬季維也納的死亡登記處列出了由這種疾病造成的幾起死亡。）”可知，作者提到莫扎特嫂子的話的目的為了證明莫扎特生前確實有這種癥狀。故選C。
Passage 8
Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t catch up. Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness, and enhance mds,cncentratin and prblem-slving.Just having a view f nature has been shwn t imprve hspital patients’ recvery and reduce illness rates. Expsure t the pen air, hrseback riding, hiking,camping can be helpful fr a variety f health cnditins in adults and children.Much f this type f research is fcusing n children,and in fact an entire mvement has quickly develped t cnnect kids with the healing pwer f nature.
Obesity. Rates f childhd, adult besity and related cnditins including diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease have grwn greatly in recent years, partly because f reducing the time f utdr activities. This prblem can be partly addressed by increasing the time students spend learning abut nature, bth in and utside the classrm. Such lessns are ften mre engaging t students and ften lead them t becme mre active utside.
Attentin deficit hyperactivity disrder(ADHD)(注意力缺失癥). An expsure t rdinary natural settings in the curse f cmmn after schl and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attentin shrtness symptms(癥狀) in children. Participatin in green activities helps ADHD patients keep fcused and cmplete tasks.
Stress. Access t nature,even huseplants,can help children deal with stress. Depressin and seasnal emtinal disrder. Majr depressin requires medical treatment,but physical activity,especially thse dne utdrs, can help ease symptms. Staying in the sunshine fr just a few minutes can als help supply bne-building vitamin D．Experts say that simply walking in a city park can enjy nature’s benefits.
28．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is the mst imprtant fr yu t keep healthy?
A．Healthy diet.B．Exercises.
C．Outdr activities .D．N smking.
29．The underlined wrd “enhance” in Paragraph 1 is clsest in meaning t
A．imprveB．a(chǎn)ddC．destryD．cntrl
30．Frm the first paragraph, what d we knw?
A．Peple didn’t enjy the healing pwer f nature until recent years.
B．Having a view f nature is the nly way t imprve health cnditins.
C．Outdr activities are gd fr peple’s health.
D．Researchers have fund ut what causes peple’s mental tiredness and illness.
31．The effects f utdr activities include FXCEPT_________.
A．Helping peple t cntrl stress
B．helping children t increase the vitamin D level
C．helping peple t reduce the symptms f ADHD
D．helping scientists t believe the rates f adult besity and the healing pwer f the pen air
【答案】28．C 29．A 30．C 31．D
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是研究人員已經(jīng)證明，與大自然接觸可以減少精神疲勞，提高情緒、注意力和解決問題的能力。
28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，保護健康的最佳方法之一就是走到戶外，花點時間在草地、泥土和水中。)”可知，根據(jù)本文，保持健康的最佳方法就是走到戶外。故選C。
29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，保護健康的最佳方法之一就是走到戶外，花點時間在草地、泥土和水中。)”可知，走到戶外對我們的健康有好處。再根據(jù)劃線單詞上一句“Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness(研究人員已經(jīng)證明，與大自然接觸可以減少精神疲勞)”，而劃線單詞后的賓語“mds, cncentratin and prblem-slving(情緒、注意力和解決問題的能力)”可推斷，與大自然接觸可以減少精神疲勞，所以劃線單詞enhance的意思和“提高”相關。選項A“imprve (提高)”；選項B“add (增加)”；選項C“destry (毀滅)”；選項D“cntrl (控制)”。故選A。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Yu may be surprised t learn that ne f the best steps yu can take t prtect yur health is t step utside and spend sme time in the grass, dirt and water. Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t catch up. Researchers have dcumented hw cntact with nature can decrease mental tiredness, and enhance mds, cncentratin and prblem-slving. Just having a view f nature has been shwn t imprve hspital patients’ recvery and reduce illness rates. Expsure t the pen air, hrseback riding, hiking, camping can be helpful fr a variety f health cnditins in adults and children. Much f this type f research is fcusing n children, and in fact an entire mvement has quickly develped t cnnect kids with the healing pwer f nature.(你可能會驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，保護健康的最佳方法之一就是走到戶外，花點時間在草地、泥土和水中。我們的祖先曾享受過大自然的治愈力量，現(xiàn)在科學家們開始迎頭趕上。研究人員已經(jīng)證明，與大自然接觸可以減少精神疲勞，提高情緒、注意力和解決問題的能力。只要看看大自然就能改善醫(yī)院病人的康復，降低發(fā)病率。暴露在戶外、騎馬、徒步旅行、露營對成人和兒童的各種健康狀況都有幫助。這類研究大多集中在兒童身上，事實上，一場將兒童與自然的治愈力量聯(lián)系起來的運動已經(jīng)迅速發(fā)展起來。)”可知，從第一段中，我們可知戶外運動對我們的健康有好處。故選C。
31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Access t nature, even huseplants, can help children deal with stress. Depressin and seasnal emtinal disrder. Majr depressin requires medical treatment, but physical activity, especially thse dne utdrs, can help ease symptms. Staying in the sunshine fr just a few minutes can als help supply bne-building vitamin D. Experts say that simply walking in a city park can enjy nature’s benefits.(親近大自然，甚至室內植物，都能幫助孩子們應對壓力。抑郁癥和季節(jié)性情緒障礙。重度抑郁癥需要藥物治療，但體育活動，尤其是戶外活動，可以幫助緩解癥狀。在陽光下曬幾分鐘也可以幫助補充骨骼所需的維生素D。專家說，在城市公園散步也可以享受大自然的好處。)”可推斷，戶外運動可以幫助人們應對壓力，以及補充骨骼所需的維生素D。因此，選項A、B是戶外活動帶來的好處；再根據(jù)文章第三段“An expsure t rdinary natural settings in the curse f cmmn after schl and weekend activities may be widely effective in reducing attentin shrtness symptms(癥狀) in children. Participatin in green activities helps ADHD patients keep fcused and cmplete tasks.(在普通的放學后和周末活動過程中，暴露在普通的自然環(huán)境中，可能對減輕兒童注意力缺失癥狀廣泛有效。參與綠色活動有助于多動癥患者保持注意力集中并完成任務。)”可知，戶外活動可以幫助減輕兒童注意力缺失癥狀。因此選項C也是戶外活動帶來的好處。故選D。
Passage 9
Imagine a future where science has created yur twin. Nt a flesh-and-bld twin, but ne that recreates yur flesh and bld, yur bnes, yur heart, yur brain — yur whle bdy, in fact — as an extremely cmplicated cmputer mdel.
Yur dctrs can use this digital twin t wrk ut hw yu will respnd t a particular drug r medical prcedure. They can even lk further int the future, creating a “healthcast”, t frecast what diseases might happen t yu r hw yur lifestyle will affect yur health as yu age. It is the ultimate in persnalized medicine. This is the bld visin set ut in Virtual Yu: Hw building yur digital twin will revlutinize medicine and change yur life by Peter Cveney, directr f the Centre fr Cmputatinal Science, and Rger Highfield, science directr f the Science Museum Grup, UK.
Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these mdel systems are much simpler than the cmplex human bdy. Imagine all the parts that cme tgether t make yu wrk: frm the 3 billin letters f yur genme (基因組), the numerus mlecules (分子) that make up yur cells, the trillins f cells building yur tissues and rgans, and the envirnment having its input t. Nw, imagine trying t create a mdel f this that is made t each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place ver a lifetime. This is easier said than dne. Changes in the systems bilgists want t describe are usually different frm what mathematicians describe as “nn-linear” (非線性的). Anther cmplicatin is “emergence”: where the whle f a system is greater than the sum f its parts. This cmplexity challenges mathematics and pushes cmputing t the limit t.
But getting t the next level — a whle human individual — is ging t require yet mre data and a revlutin in cmputing technlgy far beynd what is currently pssible. Whether we will get there is an pen questin, but Virtual Yu shws us what scientists frm different fields can achieve when they all wrk tgether.
32．What be learned abut yur science-made twin accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．Yur twin lks just like yu.
B．Yur twin knws yur thughts.
C．Yur twin exists n the cmputer.
D．Yur twin is created ut f yur DNA．
33．Why is it difficult t build a digital twin?
A．Human bdy is mre cmplicated than mdels.
B．Digital twins are nt widely used in industries.
C．Scientists lack enugh data in building it.
D．Mathematicians and bilgists hld different pinins.
34．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the idea f a digital twin?
A．Optimistic.
B．Uncertain.
C．Uncncerned.
D．Skeptical.
35．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T stress the necessity f digital twins.
B．T shw the effects f digital twins n future health.
C．T explain the building f digital twins in health.
D．T intrduce new treatments fr diseases in the future.
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．A 35．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了健康領域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點和未來的發(fā)展趨勢。
32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nt a flesh-and-bld twin, but ne that recreates yur flesh and bld, yur bnes, yur heart, yur brain — yur whle bdy, in fact — as an extremely cmplicated cmputer mdel.（不是血肉之軀的雙胞胎，而是將你的血肉之軀、骨骼、心臟、大腦——實際上是你的整個身體——復制成一個極其復雜的計算機模型。）”可知，你的科學雙胞胎存在于電腦中。故選C項。
33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Changes in the systems bilgists want t describe are usually different frm what mathematicians describe as “nn-linear” (非線性的). Anther cmplicatin is “emergence”: where the whle f a system is greater than the sum f its parts. This cmplexity challenges mathematics and pushes cmputing t the limit t.（生物學家想要描述的系統(tǒng)變化通常不同于數(shù)學家所描述的“非線性”。另一個復雜的問題是“涌現(xiàn)”：一個系統(tǒng)的整體大于其各部分的總和。這種復雜性對數(shù)學提出了挑戰(zhàn)，也將計算推向了極限。）”可知，建立數(shù)字雙胞胎的困難在于人體遠比模型復雜，其中的系統(tǒng)變化和涌現(xiàn)問題非常難以解決。故選A項。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But getting t the next level — a whle human individual — is ging t require yet mre data and a revlutin in cmputing technlgy far beynd what is currently pssible. Whether we will get there is an pen questin, but Virtual Yu shws us what scientists frm different fields can achieve when they all wrk tgether.（但要達到下一個階段——一個完整的人類個體——將需要更多的數(shù)據(jù)和一場遠遠超出目前可能的計算技術革命。我們是否能實現(xiàn)這一目標是一個懸而未決的問題，但《虛擬的你》向我們展示了來自不同領域的科學家在共同努力時所能取得的成就。）”可知，作者認為雖然能否創(chuàng)造一個完整的人類個體仍然未知，但是《虛擬的你》這本書已經(jīng)展示了科學家們在共同努力方面的成就。由此推知，作者對數(shù)字雙胞胎的想法是積極樂觀的。故選A項。
35．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章為讀者介紹了健康領域的數(shù)字雙胞胎模型，包括其概念、發(fā)揮的作用、建模的難點和未來的發(fā)展趨勢。因此，文章的目的在于解釋健康領域數(shù)字雙胞胎的構建。故選C項。
Passage 10
Can getting a dg help peple live lnger? Dg wnership is assciated with a reduced risk fr heart related disease and death, finds a new Swedish study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.
Fr peple living alne, wning a dg can decrease their risk f death by 33% and their risk f heart related death by 36%, when cmpared t single individuals withut a pet, accrding t the study. Chances f a heart attack were als fund t be 11% lwer. Multi-persn husehld wners als saw benefits, thugh t a lesser extent. Risk f death amng these dg wners fell by 11% and their chances f heart-related death were 15% lwer. But their risk f a heart attack was nt reduced by wning a dg.
As a single dg wner, an individual is the nly persn walking and interacting with their pet, which may cntribute t greater prtectin frm heart-related disease and death, said the study. “We knw that dg wners in general have a higher level f physical activity. which culd be ne explanatin t the bserve results,” said Fall, authr f the study. The findings als suggest increased scial well-being and immune system develpment as additinal reasns why dg wnership ffers prtectin against heart-related disease and death.
Fall believes that while their study prvides strng evidence fr the health benefits f dgs, their wrk is nt dne yet, since it des nt answer why dgs achieve these results. There are als ther factrs that still need t be cnsidered, such as the wner’s persnality and general physical health and activity.
While the research was carried ut in Sweden. Fall des believe it may als apply t ther cuntries including the US, since peple’s attitudes tward dg care are similar. Hwever, sme factrs that may affect the results are the differences in climate and sciecnmic backgrunds. “We have a clder climate s we have indr dgs where wners take their dgs ut fr a walk, In warmer climates, they culd keep them in the yard and wn’t have t actively take them fr a walk. I think it wuld be hard t take the data frm Sweden and apply it t the US since we have a mre different ppulatin. Mre studies shuld be btained in the United States,” said Fall.
36．Why des the writer ask a questin at the beginning f the passage?
A．T express his dubt.B．T get the crrect answer.
C．T test readers’ knwledge.D．T intrduce the tpic.
37．What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A．The benefits f raising dgs fr single peple.
B．The disadvantages f raising animals fr their wners.
C．The figures the writer prvides t supprt the research.
D．The imprtance f wning pets fr all kinds f peple.
38．What is the finding f the new study?
A．Walking and interacting with pets cntributes t their wners’ health.
B．Single individuals withut a pet have a lwer risk f heart-related death.
C．The pet wner’s persnality and activity have little t d with his/her health.
D．Keeping dgs can help wners free frm cancer and heart-related disease.
39．What can we knw frm Fall’s wrds?
A．The research carried ut in Sweden may apply t all cuntries.
B．Warmer climates make it unnecessary fr dg wners t walk them.
C．There is n need t d mre research in the United States.
D．Climate and sciecnmic backgrunds may influence the research.
【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．D
【導語】本文是說明文。講述了瑞典發(fā)表在《科學報告》雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)狗與降低患心臟病和死亡的風險有關。
36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Can getting a dg help peple live lnger? Dg wnership is assciated with a reduced risk fr heart related disease and death, finds a new Swedish study published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts.(養(yǎng)狗能讓人長壽嗎?瑞典發(fā)表在《科學報告》雜志上的一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)狗與降低患心臟病和死亡的風險有關)”結合下文對這項研究結果的闡述可知，作者在文章的開頭問了一個問題，是為了通過設問的方式，提出本文主題——養(yǎng)狗與降低患心臟病和死亡的風險有關。故選D項。
37．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Fr peple living alne, wning a dg can decrease their risk f death by 33% and their risk f heart related death by 36%, when cmpared t single individuals withut a pet, accrding t the study. Chances f a heart attack were als fund t be 11% lwer. Multi-persn husehld wners als saw benefits, thugh t a lesser extent. Risk f death amng these dg wners fell by 11% and their chances f heart-related death were 15% lwer. But their risk f a heart attack was nt reduced by wning a dg.(根據(jù)這項研究，與沒有寵物的單身人士相比，獨居人士養(yǎng)狗可以將他們的死亡風險降低33%，心臟相關死亡風險降低36%。心臟病發(fā)作的幾率也降低了11%。多口之家的戶主也從中受益，盡管受益程度較低。這些狗主人的死亡風險降低了11%，與心臟相關的死亡風險降低了15%。但他們患心臟病的風險并沒有因為養(yǎng)狗而降低)”可知，本段的主題是作者提供一些數(shù)據(jù)來支持這項研究成果。故選C項。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“As a single dg wner, an individual is the nly persn walking and interacting with their pet, which may cntribute t greater prtectin frm heart-related disease and death, said the study. “We knw that dg wners in general have a higher level f physical activity. which culd be ne explanatin t the bserve results, ” said Fall, authr f the study. (研究稱，作為一個單身的狗主人，只有一個人在和他們的寵物散步和互動，這可能有助于更好地防止與心臟相關的疾病和死亡?！拔覀冎?，養(yǎng)狗的人一般都有更高水平的體育鍛煉。這可能是對觀察結果的一種解釋，”該研究的作者福爾說。)”可知，這項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，養(yǎng)狗的人一般都有更多體育鍛煉，與寵物散步和互動提高有助于防止與心臟相關的疾病和死亡，這對主人的健康有益。故選A項。
39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hwever, sme factrs that may affect the results are the differences in climate and sciecnmic backgrunds. “We have a clder climate s we have indr dgs where wners take their dgs ut fr a walk, In warmer climates, they culd keep them in the yard and wn’t have t actively take them fr a walk. I think it wuld be hard t take the data frm Sweden and apply it t the US since we have a mre different ppulatin. Mre studies shuld be btained in the United States, ” said Fall.(然而，一些可能影響結果的因素是氣候和社會經(jīng)濟背景的差異?！拔覀兊臍夂蜉^冷，所以我們有室內狗，主人帶他們的狗出去散步。在溫暖的氣候下，他們可以把它們放在院子里，不需要主動帶它們出去散步。我認為很難把瑞典的數(shù)據(jù)應用到美國，因為我們的人口更不同。應該在美國進行更多的研究?！?”可知，從Fall的話中我們可以知道氣候和社會經(jīng)濟背景可能會影響研究。故選D項。
高頻話題02 飲食習慣類
Passage 1
①What des it say abut the future f meat when the cuntry’s largest prcessr f chicken, prk, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims t “perfectly replace animal prtein with plant prtein”?
②Tysn Fds annunced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat, the Suthern Califrnia-based fd-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reprtedly cks and tastes like real beef.
③T be sure, Beynd Meat’s meatless creatins have yet t take the cuntry by strm. Althugh the 100 percent plant-based burgers have achieved plenty f psitive press since they appeared fr the first time in May, s far they’re nly available at Whle Fds stres in seven states. Even thugh the cmpany’s “chicken” strips, “beef” pies, and meatless frzen dinners are available natinwide, Beynd Meat is hardly a husehld name.
④That may be what makes the news f Tysn’s investment all the mre ntewrthy. While the tw cmpanies declined t give details abut the deal, it’s dubtful that Tysn’s 5 percent stake made much f dent (凹陷) in the meat giant’s cffers (金庫). The cmpany psted $41.4 billin in sales last year; prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.
⑤Tysn is ding pretty great. The cmpany reprted recrd third-quarter earnings per share in August and says that it expects verall meat prductin t increase 2 t 3 percent during the next financial year. But like a big il cmpany shelling ut cash t invest in wind pwer, Tysn’s te-in-the-water mve t team up with a start-up devted t bringing mre plant-based prtein t American dinner tables seems t suggest the meat industry is starting t see which way the winds are blwing.
⑥Sales f plant-based prtein, which ttaled an estimated $5 billin last year, cntinue t pale cmpared with the market fr meat in America — but vegetarian alternatives t meat are bming, with sales grwing at mre than duble the rate fr fd prducts verall. The steady drumbeat f news abut the negative health impacts, envirnmental prblems, and animal welfare cncerns assciated with meat cnsumptin appears t be sinking in. Accrding t a survey released in April, mre than half f Americans surveyed said they plan t eat mre plant-based fds in the cming year.
40．Beynd Meat’s veggie burger made headlines prbably because ________.
A．it makes perfect use f animal prtein
B．it uses high tech in the making prcess
C．it tastes as gd as a genuine beef burger
D．it represents the diet trend in Suth Califrnia
41．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE regarding the state f Beynd Meat?
A．It is the creatr f the cuntry’s first 100 percent plant-based burgers.
B．It has been well received as its prducts are available natinwide.
C．It is far frm being a match t real fd prcessing giants like Tysn.
D．It prvides high-quality dining experience in selected Whle Fds stres.
42．What can we infer frm paragraph 4?
A．The purchase f the stake barely csts a thing fr Tysn.
B．The 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat means a lt t Tysn.
C．Tysn’s investment hasn’t caught the attentin f the media as expected.
D．Tysn is relying n this investment t raise mre prject capital funding.
43．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Meat will still take ver the market in spite f ther alternatives.
B．A majr American meat cmpany is betting n plant-based prtein.
C．Tysn and Beynd Meat wrk tgether t build a glbal meat giant.
D．Plants have been fund t cntain prtein that des mre gd t human beings.
【答案】40．C 41．C 42．A 43．B
【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述美國最大的肉類加工商Tysn Fds加盟了一家叫做Beynd Meat的初創(chuàng)公司，Beynd Meat旨在用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白為大家生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品，以及這家公司產(chǎn)品目前的經(jīng)營情況。
40．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tysn Fds annunced this week that it purchased a 5 percent stake in Beynd Meat, the Suthern Califrnia-based fd-tech start-up that made headlines earlier this year with its veggie burger that reprtedly cks and tastes like real beef.(泰森食品公司本周宣布，它收購了Beynd Meat公司5%的股份。Beynd Meat是一家總部位于南加州的食品科技初創(chuàng)公司，今年早些時候，這家公司因其素食漢堡而登上頭條，據(jù)報道，這款漢堡的烹飪和味道都像真正的牛肉)”可知，Beynd Meat的素食漢堡成為頭條是因為這款漢堡的味道和真正的牛肉漢堡一樣。故選C。
41．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，Beynd Meat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beynd Meat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，由此可知Beynd Meat的規(guī)模遠遠不及Tysn Fds，即Beynd Meat不能與Beynd Fds相提并論。故選C。
42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“it’s dubtful that Tysn’s 5 percent stake made much f dent in the meat giant’s cffers(但令人懷疑的是，泰森食品持有的5%股份是否為這家肉類巨頭財務帶來很大的財務空缺)”和“prir t the deal with Tysn, Beynd Meat had reprtedly raised $64 millin in prject capital funding — abut what Tysn earns befre lunch n any given day.(據(jù)報道，在與泰森食品達成交易之前，Beynd Meat已經(jīng)籌集了6400萬美元的項目資本資金——這相當于泰森食品在任何一天午餐前的收入)”可知，Beynd Meat籌集的項目資金6400萬美元僅僅是泰森食品一天午餐前的收入，可得出泰森食品持有的5%股份不會造成很大的財務虧空，即對于泰森食品公司來說，收購Beynd Meat并未花費很多錢。故選A。
43．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“What des it say abut the future f meat when the cuntry’s largest prcessr f chicken, prk, and beef buys a stake (股份) in a start-up that aims t “perfectly replace animal prtein with plant prtein”?(當中國最大的雞肉、豬肉和牛肉加工商入股一家旨在“用植物蛋白完美替代動物蛋白”的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)時，這說明了肉類的未來是什么)”可知，最大的肉類加工公司Tysn Fds入股生產(chǎn)無肉產(chǎn)品的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)Beynd Meat意味著Tysn要重點投資植物蛋白這種無肉產(chǎn)品。故選B。
Passage 2
If yu want t achieve mre f yur gals in life, ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d is t take care f yur health. Cmmitting t a healthy and balanced diet can be a gamechanger when it cmes t prductivity and success.
As a saying ges, “An apple a day keeps a dctr away.” But did yu knw that an apple a day des nt nly keep the dctr away but can even pssibly imprve yur prductivity? Actually, peple wh eat mre fruits and vegetables can be happier, mre creative and, yes, even mre prductive. Fruits and vegetables seem t help elevate a persn’s level f curisity and general wellbeing. Actually, nt nly des a healthy diet imprve a persn’s wellbeing, it als seems t prevent ptentially harmful cnditins.
T start with, a healthy diet prvides yur bdy with the nutrients yu need t functin prperly. The fds yu eat are changed int glucse (葡萄糖), which then transfrms it int the energy that pwers yur bdy and brain. When yur bdy is running lw n glucse, yu will prbably experience sme truble when trying t fcus and cncentrate.
On tp f that, a healthy diet is linked t healthier mental health. When yu eat a balanced diet, yu are essentially giving yur bdy the fuel it needs t wrk efficiently and effectively. A healthier versin f yu, physically and mentally, allws yu t fcus n yur gals and n what yu really want t be ding.
All in all, if yu want t be mre prductive and reach yur persnal gals, wrk gals and any ther dreams yu have, please put yur health at the tp f yur pririty list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, yu can give yur bdy the nutrients it needs t functin at its best.
44．What des Paragraph 1 tell us?
A．Eating right can imprve verall wellbeing.
B．Everyne shuld have their persnal gals.
C．Success lies in lking after ne’s wn health.
D．Prductivity and success cme frm change.
45．What des the underlined wrd “elevate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Decline.B．Limit.C．Satisfy.D．Imprve.
46．What may cause yu t fail t cncentrate?
A．T many nutrients in the diet.B．Any trublesme experiences.
C．Lack f glucse in yur bdy.D．Lack f pwer in yur brain.
47．What is the authr’s suggestin?
A．Putting yur wn health n the list.B．Eating a balanced and healthy diet.
C．Achieving yur persnal dreams.D．Giving yur mind enugh nutrients.
【答案】44．C 45．D 46．C 47．B
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了保持健康對于實現(xiàn)人生目標的重要性。
44．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“If yu want t achieve mre f yur gals in life, ne f the mst imprtant things yu can d is t take care f yur health. Cmmitting t a healthy and balanced diet can be a gamechanger when it cmes t prductivity and success. (如果你想實現(xiàn)更多的人生目標，你能做的最重要的事情之一就是照顧好你的健康。當談到工作效率和成功時，堅持健康均衡的飲食可以改變游戲規(guī)則。)”可知，第一段主要介紹了成功在于照顧自己的健康。故選C項。
45．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Fruits and vegetables seem t help elevate a persn’s level f curisity and general wellbeing. Actually, nt nly des a healthy diet imprve a persn’s wellbeing, it als seems t prevent ptentially harmful cnditins. (水果和蔬菜似乎有助于elevate一個人的好奇心和總體幸福感。實際上，健康的飲食不僅能改善一個人的健康，似乎還能預防潛在的有害疾病。)”可知，elevate與下文中的imprve意思相近，故選D項。
46．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“When yur bdy is running lw n glucse, yu will prbably experience sme truble when trying t fcus and cncentrate. (當你的身體葡萄糖不足時，你可能會在集中注意力時遇到一些麻煩。)”可知，體內缺乏葡萄糖會導致無法集中注意力。故選C項。
47．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“All in all, if yu want t be mre prductive and reach yur persnal gals, wrk gals and any ther dreams yu have, please put yur health at the tp f yur pririty list. By eating a balanced and healthy diet, yu can give yur bdy the nutrients it needs t functin at its best. (總而言之，如果你想提高工作效率，實現(xiàn)你的個人目標、工作目標和任何其他夢想，請把你的健康放在首要位置。通過均衡健康的飲食，你可以給你的身體所需的營養(yǎng)，使其處于最佳狀態(tài)。)”可知，作者建議吃均衡的健康的飲食。故選B項。
Passage 3
Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (營養(yǎng)不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.
Linking survey and weather data ver mre than 20 years, a study f mre than 32,000 West African children aged 3 t 36 mnths fund that average heat expsure had increased the ccurrence f slw grwth frm malnutritin by 12%, and f lw weight by 29%.
The researchers estimate that if the average glbal temperature rises 2 degrees, which scientists warn is likely withut significant reductins in carbn emissins (碳排放), the average bad effect f heat expsure n grwth wuld nearly duble, erasing gains recrded during the study perid (1993 t 2014).
The findings are wrrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected t cntinue t d s fr several decades. And the effects f malnutritin in early childhd, which are linked t higher death rates and t lwer educatin and incmes in adulthd, are irreversible.
“We’re talking abut children at a very yung age that will have changes fr the rest f their lives, s this is permanently affecting their ptential,” said Ariel Ortiz-Bbea, assciate prfessr in the Crnell Jeb E. Brks Schl f Public Plicy. “What we are ding t reduce glbal pverty is being gradually destryed by ur lack f actin n climate.”
Mre research is needed t discver the drivers f thse effects exactly, which are mst evident between 6 and 15 mnths, but they are likely nt physilgical (生理的) respnses t direct heat, the researchers predicted. Rather, they suggest, a cmbinatin f factrs may be at wrk as children transitin away frm breastfeeding (母乳喂養(yǎng)), including a higher risk f cntracting pathgens (病原體) frm fd and water, and lwer cnsumptin f prtein frm animal surces, pssibly due t extreme heat hurting agricultural prductivity.
48．What is the final result f the malnutritin caused by extreme heat?
A．Slw grwth f babies.
B．Lw weight f children.
C．Scial decline.
D．Less agricultural prductivity.
49．What des the underlined wrd “irreversible” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Impssible t change.B．Happening quickly.
C．Nt special in any way.D．Difficult t believe.
50．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．A research f 6 t 15 mnths is the mst effective.
B．Malnutritin is a direct physilgical respnse t extreme heat.
C．The reasns fr the malnutritin caused by extreme heat are clear.
D．Many aspects may accunt fr the malnutritin caused by extreme heat.
51．In which sectin f a magazine can we find the text?
A．Health.B．Sciety.C．Educatin.D．Technlgy.
【答案】48．C 49．A 50．D 51．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了極端高溫可能造成低收入國家和地區(qū)的孩子營養(yǎng)不良，進而影響社會的發(fā)展進步。
48．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (營養(yǎng)不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.(康奈爾大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，極端高溫會增加低收入國家嬰兒和幼兒的營養(yǎng)不良，有可能改變幾十年來取得的進步)”推知，極端高溫造成的營養(yǎng)不良最終會造成社會倒退。故選C項。
49．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“We’re talking abut children at a very yung age that will have changes fr the rest f their lives, s this is permanently affecting their ptential(我們談論的是很小的孩子，他們的余生都會發(fā)生變化，所以這會永久影響他們的潛能)”可知幼年時期的營養(yǎng)不良對個體造成的影響是一輩子的，因此這些影響是無法改變的。由此可知，劃線詞irreversible意為“無法改變的”。故選A項。
50．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Rather, they suggest, a cmbinatin f factrs may be at wrk as children transitin away frm breastfeeding(母乳喂養(yǎng)), including a higher risk f cntracting pathgens(病原體)frm fd and water, and lwer cnsumptin f prtein frm animal surces, pssibly due t extreme heat hurting agricultural prductivity.(相反，他們認為，在兒童從母乳喂養(yǎng)過渡的過程中，可能有多種因素在起作用，包括從食物和水中感染病原體的風險更高，以及來自動物來源的蛋白質攝入減少，這可能是由于極端高溫損害了農業(yè)生產(chǎn)力)”可知，極端高溫造成的營養(yǎng)不良可能有多方面原因，故選D項。
51．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Expsure t extreme heat increases malnutritin (營養(yǎng)不良) amng babies and yung children in lw-incme cuntries, threatening t change decades f prgress, Crnell research finds.( 康奈爾大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，暴露在極端高溫下會增加低收入國家嬰兒和幼兒的營養(yǎng)不良，這可能會改變幾十年來的進步)”、第四段“The findings are wrrying, the researchers said, because temperatures in West Africa are rising and expected t cntinue t d s fr several decades. And the effects f malnutritin in early childhd, which are linked t higher death rates and t lwer educatin and incmes in adulthd, are irreversible.( 研究人員表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人擔憂，因為西非的氣溫正在上升，預計還會持續(xù)幾十年。兒童早期營養(yǎng)不良的影響是不可逆轉的，它與更高的死亡率以及成年后較低的教育和收入有關)”以及最后一段“Mre research is needed t discver the drivers f thse effects exactly, which are mst evident between 6 and 15 mnths, but they are likely nt physilgical (生理的) respnses t direct heat, the researchers predicted(研究人員預測，還需要更多的研究來準確發(fā)現(xiàn)這些影響的驅動因素，這些影響在6到15個月之間最為明顯，但它們可能不是對直接熱量的生理反應)”可知，這是一篇說明文，文章探討的是極端高溫對于社會發(fā)展的影響。由此推知，在雜志的“社會”部分可以找到類似內容，故選B項。
Passage 4
Eating a healthy diet is nt abut strict limitatins, staying abnrmally thin, r rid yurself f the fds yu lve. Rather, it’s abut feeling great, having mre energy, imprving yur health, and raising yur md. S healthy eating desn’t mean yu have t ck tugh fd.
If yu feel cnfused by all the cnflicting nutritin and diet advice ut there, yu’re nt alne. It seems that fr every expert wh tells yu a certain fd is gd fr yu, yu’ll find anther saying exactly the ppsite. S think mre when facing that. The truth is that while sme specific fds r nutrients have been shwn t have a beneficial effect n md, it’s yur verall eating pattern that is mst imprtant. The crnerstne f a healthy diet shuld be t replace prcessed fd with real fd whenever pssible. Eating fd that is as clse as pssible t the way nature made it can make a huge difference t the way yu think, lk, and feel.
While sme extreme diets may suggest therwise, we all need a balance f prtein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in ur diets t remain a healthy bdy. Yu dn’t need t eliminate certain fd frm yur diet, but rather select the healthiest ptins frm each categry. Besides, yu shuld change yur dieting habit.
Switching t a healthy diet desn’t have t be an all r nthing prpsitin. Yu dn’t have t be perfect and yu dn’t have t change everything all at nce. A better apprach is t make a few small changes at a time, Think f planning a healthy diet as a number f small, manageable steps-like adding a salad t yur diet nce a day. As yur small changes becme habits, yu can cntinue t add mre healthy chices.
52．Which f the fllwing is a real healthy diet?
A．One that helps yu stay thin.B．One full f mst nutritin.
C．One with strict cking rules.D．One that makes yu energetic.
53．What shuld yu d when facing the masters’ advice n health?
A．Be careful abut it.B．Try it with yur family.
C．Fllw it cmpletely.D．See if it satisfies yu.
54．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Pick.B．Benefit.C．Remve.D．Imprve.
55．What may help yu becme a healthy eater?
A．Trying t seek fr perfectin.B．Learning frm an expert at cking.
C．Changing yur eating habit gradually.D．Cking with nly vegetables and fruit.
【答案】52．D 53．A 54．C 55．C
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了什么是健康的飲食以及如何培養(yǎng)健康的飲食習慣。
52．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Eating a healthy diet is nt abut strict limitatins, staying abnrmally thin, r rid yurself f the fds yu lve. Rather, it’s abut feeling great, having mre energy, imprving yur health, and raising yur md.(健康的飲食并不是嚴格的限制，保持異常的苗條，或者擺脫你喜歡的食物。相反，它是關于感覺良好，有更多的精力，改善你的健康，提高你的情緒)”可知，“讓你精力充沛飲食”是真正的健康飲食。故選D。
53．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It seems that fr every expert wh tells yu a certain fd is gd fr yu, yu’ll find anther saying exactly the ppsite. S think mre when facing that.(似乎每有專家告訴你某種食物對你有益，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)另一種完全相反的說法。所以面對這個問題時要多想想)”可知，面對養(yǎng)生大師的建議，你應該小心謹慎。故選A。
54．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“While sme extreme diets may suggest therwise, we all need a balance f prtein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in ur diets t remain a healthy bdy.(雖然一些極端的飲食可能會有不同的建議，但我們都需要在飲食中平衡蛋白質、脂肪、纖維、維生素和礦物質，以保持健康的身體)”以及后文“certain fd frm yur diet, but rather select the healthiest ptins frm each categry”可知，雖然一些極端的飲食可能會有不同的建議，但我們都需要在飲食中平衡蛋白質、脂肪、纖維、維生素和礦物質，以保持健康的身體，所以你不需要從你的飲食中去除某些食物，而是從每個類別中選擇最健康的選項。故畫線詞意思是“去除”。故選C。
55．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Switching t a healthy diet desn’t have t be an all r nthing prpsitin. Yu dn’t have t be perfect and yu dn’t have t change everything all at nce. A better apprach is t make a few small changes at a time, Think f planning a healthy diet as a number f small, manageable steps-like adding a salad t yur diet nce a day. As yur small changes becme habits, yu can cntinue t add mre healthy chices.(轉向健康飲食并不一定是一個全有或全無的命題。你不需要變得完美，也不需要一下子改變一切。一個更好的方法是一次做一些小的改變，把健康的飲食計劃想象成一些小的、可管理的步驟——比如每天在你的飲食中添加一次沙拉。當你的小改變變成習慣時，你可以繼續(xù)增加更多健康的選擇)”可知，逐漸改變飲食習慣可以幫助你成為一個健康的飲食者。故選C。
Passage 5
Nearly 40 percent f Americans ver the age f 65 take five r mre different drugs, and dctrs ften simply have t mnitr patients t see if any f thse drugs cmbine t createnegative side effects. When a dctr prescribes(給……開藥)a patient mre than ne drug atthe same time, they currently have n way t predict whether that cmbinatin f these drugswill have a negative side effect. A new system frm a team f cmputer scientists at Stanfrd University presents a nvel slutin—an AI-driven cmputer system that can predict thecnsequences f cmbining tw drugs.
Drug cmbinatins are a remarkably unstudied area, but as Marinka Zitnik explains, “It’spractically impssible t test a new drug in cmbinatin with all ther drugs, because just frne drug that wuld be five thusand new experiments.” Besides, t maintain accuracy alsneeds strict research prcedures.
S Zitnik and her Stanfrd clleagues set ut t find a slutin t the prblem. They created a massive deep learning system trained n data encmpassing(包含)ver l9,00 prteins and hw different drugs interact with thse prteins. The system is called Decagn, and it can effectively predict the cnsequences f cmbining any tw different drugs.
T test ut Decagn’s predictive abilities the team examined 10 f the systems predicted drug pair interactins that didn’t have clearly knwn unfavurable interactins. The researchers fund new supprting case study evidence backing up 8 f thse 10 predictins. Fr example, ne predictin frm Decagn suggested muscle inflammatin(炎癥) wuld be caused by cmbining a certain chlesterl(膽固醇) drug with a bld pressure medicatin. This negative side effect f cmbining thse tw drugs was nly recently cnfirmed by a casestudy published in 2017.
The next stage in the prject is t try t turn Decagn int a mre user-friendly tl thatdctrs can easily navigate(導航) fr infrmatin when prescribing cmbinatins f drugs, benefiting mre peple. At this stage, the system nly evaluates(評估) drug pairs but there searchers hpe t expand that int mre cmplex cmbinatins f drugs in the future.
56．What prblem faces dctrs when prescribing several drugs tgether?
A．They can’t prevent side effects f drugs.
B．They dn’t knw the bad influences f the cmbinatin.
C．They have t mnitr whether patients will take drugs.
D．They must predict the effects f drugs with an Al system.
57．Why is the area f drug cmbinatins almst unstudied?
A．They require numerus experiments.
B．They are nt that imprtant t peple.
C．It’s rather expensive t d the research.
D．It’s impssible t keep results accurate.
58．What can we knw abut Decagn?
A．It can predict influences f cmbining three drugs.
B．It wuldn’t cntribute t peple’s deep learning.
C．It can tell the results f cmbining tw drugs.
D．It analyses hw prteins interact with each ther.
59．Which aspect will researchers wrk n in the future?
A．Making the system availa ble t mre peple.
B．Imprving sme critical functins f the system.
C．Enhancing peple’s recgnitin n its accuracy.
D．Adpting a mre friendly attitude tward patients.
【答案】56．B 57．A 58．C 59．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個醫(yī)療方面的系統(tǒng)Decagn，該系統(tǒng)可以幫助醫(yī)生評估同時開出兩種藥有可能對病人產(chǎn)生的副作用，從而幫助醫(yī)生開出正確的處方。
【詳解】1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句話“they currently have n way t predict whether that cmbinatin f these drugs will have a negative side effect(他們目前還沒有辦法預測這些藥物的組合是否會產(chǎn)生負面的副作用。)”可知，醫(yī)生開多種藥物的處方時會遇到的問題是，他們不知道這種組合會產(chǎn)生什么樣的負面影響。故選B。
2. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“It’s practically impssible t test a new drug in cmbinatin with all ther drugs，because just fr ne drug that wuld be five thusand new experiments.(幾乎不可能將一種新藥與所有其他藥物結合起來進行測試，因為僅僅一種藥物就需要進行5000次新的實驗)”可知，要想知道一種藥物與其他一種藥物的反應，需要5000次的實驗，那如果要想知道這種藥物和其他所有藥物的反應，可想而知要經(jīng)過大量的實驗，所以說藥物組合的領域幾乎沒有被研究過是因為它們需要大量的實驗。故選A。
3. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句話“The system is called Decagn, and it can effectively predict the cnsequences f cmbining any tw different drugs.(這個系統(tǒng)被稱為Decagn，它可以有效地預測任何兩種不同藥物結合的后果。)”可知，Decagn這個系統(tǒng)可以預測兩種藥物結合的后果。故選C。
4. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“The next stage in the prject is t try t turn Decagn int a mre user-friendly tl thatdctrs can easily navigate(導航) fr infrmatin when prescribing cmbinatins f drugs, benefiting mre peple.At this stage, the system nly evaluates(評估) drug pairs but there searchers hpe t expand that int mre cmplex cmbinatins f drugs in the future.(該項目的下一步是試圖將Decagn變成一個更加用戶友好的工具，醫(yī)生可以方便地在處方藥物組合時導航獲取信息，從而使更多的人受益。在這個階段，該系統(tǒng)只評估藥物對，但研究人員希望在未來將其擴展到更復雜的藥物組合中。)”可知，下一個階段，這個項目是想把這個系統(tǒng)變得對使用者更為友好，更方便于定位到要找的信息，研究人員希望未來可以將這個系統(tǒng)延伸到更多復雜藥物的混合中去。比較四個選項，只有B選項“Imprving sme critical functins f the system(改進系統(tǒng)的一些關鍵功能。)”可以概括以上這些要點。故選B。
Passage 6
While rice and wheat are the tw mst cmmnly cnsumed cereal grains wrldwide, a study cvering mre than 100,000 peple in Nrthwest China has revealed that chsing rice as a main fd may result in a lwer risk f besity.
Researchers frm Xi’an Jiatng University cllected data frm participants aged 35 t 74 wh are residents f five nrthwestern prvincial-level regins. They divided the participants int three grups. The first grup eats rice as their main fd, cnsuming it either daily r fur t six times per week, while cnsuming wheat less than fur t six times per week. The secnd grup’s main fd is wheat, and the third grup cnsumes bth rice and wheat as their main fd, with similar frequency.
Then the researchers cmpared results and fund ut that rice preference might be assciated with a lwer risk f certain besity types in the ppulatin f Nrthwest China. Higher wheat intake was assciated with higher risks f excessive bdy fat and central besity (stmach fat) in men and central besity in wmen, accrding t the study findings published in the jurnal Nutrients.
Accrding t the researchers, previus animal studies shws that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) prmted weight gain by reducing heat prductin and energy cnsumptin, while rice prtein shws the ptential fr anti-besity and triglyceride-lwering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects. Meanwhile, rice-based dietary patterns ften have mre fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings. Peple with wheat preference in Nrthwest China tend t eat large bwls f ndles with fewer vegetables r less meat, and smetimes even with a large amunt f il.
Hwever, researchers nted that given the vast territry and diverse ethnic grups present in Nrthwest China, further studies might be necessary t fully understand the reginal specificity and ptential hidden reasns fr the bserved links.
60．What d yu knw abut the study in Nrthwest China?
A．Peple can eat rice t lse weight.B．Eating rice will help yu live lnger.
C．Rice is the perfect chice fr peple wh are fat.D．Eating rice may reduce peple’s risk f being fat.
61．Hw did the researchers figure ut the findings f the study?
A．By ffering examples.B．By referring t sme data.
C．By making a cmparisn.D．By quting an expert’s pinin.
62．What des the previus animal study shw?
A．Wheat gluten reduced weight gain by reducing heat and energy.
B．Rice prtein has the ptential t fight besity and lwer triglyceride.
C．Peple ften eat ndles with mre fresh vegetables, meat and fish servings.
D．Peple wh prefer wheat in Nrthwest China tend t cat small bwls f ndles.
63．What will the researchers prbably d next?
A．They will carry ut further studies.
B．They will change their research methds.
C．They will prmte rice as the main fd.
D．They will figure ut the number f ethnic grups in China.
【答案】60．D 61．C 62．B 63．A
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究表明，選擇大米作為主要食物可能會降低肥胖的風險。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義。
60．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“While rice and wheat are the tw mst cmmnly cnsumed cereal grains wrldwide, a study cvering mre than 100,000 peple in Nrthwest China has revealed that chsing rice as a main fd may result in a lwer risk f besity.(雖然大米和小麥是世界上最常見的兩種谷物，但一項覆蓋中國西北地區(qū)10萬多人的研究表明，選擇大米作為主要食物可能會降低肥胖的風險)”可知，吃米飯可以降低人們變胖的風險。故選D。
61．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Then the researchers cmpared results and fund ut that rice preference might be assciated with a lwer risk f certain besity types in the ppulatin f Nrthwest China.(然后，研究人員比較了結果，發(fā)現(xiàn)對大米的偏好可能與中國西北地區(qū)某些肥胖類型的風險較低有關)”可知，研究人員通過比較來弄清楚這項研究的結果的。故選C。
62．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Accrding t the researchers, previus animal studies shws that wheat gluten (谷蛋白) prmted weight gain by reducing heat prductin and energy cnsumptin, while rice prtein shws the ptential fr anti-besity and triglyceride-lwering (抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯) effects.(根據(jù)研究人員的說法，先前的動物研究表明，小麥麩質通過減少熱量產(chǎn)生和能量消耗來促進體重增加，而大米蛋白則顯示出抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潛在作用)”可知，之前的動物研究表明了大米蛋白有對抗肥胖和降低甘油三酯的潛力。故選B。
63．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hwever, researchers nted that given the vast territry and diverse ethnic grups present in Nrthwest China, further studies might be necessary t fully understand the reginal specificity and ptential hidden reasns fr the bserved links.(然而，研究人員指出，考慮到中國西北地區(qū)廣闊的領土和多樣化的民族群體，可能有必要進一步研究，以充分了解區(qū)域特異性和潛在的隱藏原因，以觀察到的聯(lián)系)”可推知，研究人員接下來可能會進行進一步的研究。故選A。
Passage 7
Sme peple are allergic (過敏的) t tree nuts. Wuld it be safe fr a nut-allergic persn t eat baked gds with ccnut r ccnut il? Here are the views f Dr. Sctt Sicherer.
Despite its name, ccnut is nt actually a nut, but a fruit. Regardless, the Fd and Drug Administratin cnsiders it a tree nut, which is why it’s included in U.S. labeling laws.
It is difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies because allergic individuals may avid it n purpse. Still, ccnut allergy appears rare, and uncmmn even amng thse with tree-nut allergies.
In a natinal registry f 5,149 peple with peanut r tree-nut allergies, nly fur self-reprted an allergy t ccnut. And a mre recent study f 40 children with psitive tests r knwn allergy t peanuts r tree nuts shwed n increased risks fr having psitive tests r allergy t ccnut.
Yur allergist wuld cnsider yur persnal allergy histry in deciding whether t add ccnut t yur diet r t perfrm any testing. Hwever, be aware that tests are ften psitive t ccnut in peple wh culd actually tlerate it, s a physician-supervised feeding test may be necessary fr a cnclusive answer.
When it cmes t ccnut il, there is almst n medical literature n allergic reactins t it, which may reflect the likelihd that the prcessed frms f ccnut il cntain little r n prtein, althugh this has nt been studied. Still, fr thse with ccnut allergy, avidance f ccnut il shuld be cnsidered because it may still have a little prtein.
Finally, it’s imprtant t nte that peple with peanut r tree-nut allergies wh chse t eat ccnut must be careful t avid crss-cntact with tree nuts r peanut being avided.
64．What d yu knw abut ccnut frm this passage?
A．It is really a nut.B．Mst peple are allergic t it.
C．It is actually a fruit.D．It is frbidden by American laws.
65．Why is it difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies?
A．They are cautius abut it and avid it.B．They eat ccnut as a kind f fruit.
C．Ccnuts are becming rarer and rarer.D．Ccnut allergy is t cmmn.
66．What is the prbable meaning f the underlined part “medical literature” in paragraph 6?
A．Stries abut medicine.B．Dcuments n medicine.
C．Nvels fr physicians.D．Descriptin f ccnut il.
67．Which may be a suggestin Dr. Sctt Sicherer gives t nut-allergic individuals?
A．Having a feeding test regularly.B．Trying t tlerate mild allergies.
C．Aviding eating any ccnuts.D．Fllwing allergists’ instructins.
【答案】64．C 65．A 66．B 67．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。有些人對木本堅果過敏, 但對于可可產(chǎn)品以及可可油是否過敏呢? 本文用數(shù)據(jù)說明了這些人如何安全使用可可產(chǎn)品以及可可油。
64．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Despite its name, ccnut is nt actually a nut, but a fruit.（盡管名字叫椰子，但它實際上并不是堅果，而是一種水果。）”可知, 可可是一種水果。故選C。
65．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“It is difficult t assess the risk f ccnut allergy amng thse with tree-nut allergies because allergic individuals may avid it n purpse.（對于那些對樹堅果過敏的人來說，很難評估椰子過敏的風險，因為過敏的人可能會故意避免椰子過敏。）”可知，因為人們對可可比較警惕和小心，不去吃它，所以，很難估計它對過敏人群的風險程度。故選A。
66．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線后面的“althugh this has nt been studied.（雖然這還沒有被研究過。）”可推測，這句話所敘述的是以前對這個問題的研究成果。故選B。
67．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Yur allergist wuld cnsider yur persnal allergy histry in deciding whether t add ccnut t yur diet r t perfrm any testing.（在決定是否在飲食中添加椰子或進行任何測試時，過敏科醫(yī)生會考慮你的個人過敏史。）”可知, 你的過敏癥醫(yī)師會考慮你的過敏史來決定你是否可以吃可可或是對你進行檢測。故選D。
Passage 8
Think energetic exercise is just fr the yung? Think again. Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active. The study reveals that physical activity shifts energy away frm bilgical prcesses that cause disease and mves it twards systems thrughut the bdy which extend (延長) life.
Researchers used apes (類人猿) — the distant cusins f humans —in their research. They therize that humans separated themselves frm apes during evlutin (進化) by develping the ability t make themselves fitter thrugh physical exercise.
Typically, apes live nly 35 t 40 years. Hwever, apes are als much less active than mst humans. This suggests that humans reached a pint in their evlutin where peple develped a way t stay alive lnger thrugh mre activity. The behavir f apes stands in sharp cntrast t that f ancient hunter-gatherers, wh the team says averaged arund 135 minutes f mderate-t-energetic physical activity a day. Study authrs believe this level f activity, up t 10 times mre than the average American, is the reasn hunter-gatherers lived t arund 70 years ld.
The team finds humans als use energy frm physical activity t repair and maintain the bdy. Alng with burning calries, exercise actually causes widespread damage t the bdy by causing damage n a cellular(細胞的), mlecular (分子的), and tissue level. Hwever, this damage is essential s the bdy can build itself back even strnger. Thrugh exercise, the bdy starts repairing muscle fibers, brken bnes, and ther minr injuries. When peple are less active, these prcesses are als less active, putting peple at higher risk f disease.
We humans evlved t be active thrughut ur lives and ur bdies need physical activity t age well. In the past, daily physical activity was necessary in rder t survive, but tday we chse t d vluntary physical activity fr health and fitness. The gd news is that yu dn’t need t be as active as a hunter-gatherer t reduce the effects f aging.
68．What des the new study find ut in the first paragraph?
A．Senirs shuld keep exercising.B．Sprts make peple lk yung.
C．Energetic exercise helps live lnger.D．Only yung peple benefit frm exercise.
69．What des the data in the text intend t tell us?
A．The histry f human evlutin.B．The living habits f apes and hunters.
C．The link between exercise and lnger life.D．The amunt f exercise f ancient humans.
70．What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．Hw the human bdy repairs itself.B．Hw exercise benefits the human bdy.
C．Why physical activity prduces energy.D．Why sprts d harm t the human bdy.
71．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T present a scientific study.B．T persuade peple t exercise mre.
C．T recmmend sme health knwledge.D．T draw attentin t the health f the elderly.
【答案】68．A 69．C 70．B 71．A
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人應該多運動。介紹了研究開展的過程以及運動與長壽之間的聯(lián)系和運動如何對人體有益。
68．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active.(與普遍看法相反，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人應該多運動)”可知，這項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老年人應該堅持鍛煉。故選A。
69．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Typically, apes live nly 35 t 40 years. Hwever, apes are als much less active than mst humans. This suggests that humans reached a pint in their evlutin where peple develped a way t stay alive lnger thrugh mre activity. The behavir f apes stands in sharp cntrast t that f ancient hunter-gatherers, wh the team says averaged arund 135 minutes f mderate-t-energetic physical activity a day. Study authrs believe this level f activity, up t 10 times mre than the average American, is the reasn hunter-gatherers lived t arund 70 years ld.(一般來說，猿類只能活35到40年。然而，類人猿的活動也比大多數(shù)人類少得多。這表明人類在進化中達到了一個階段，人們找到了一種通過更多活動來延長壽命的方法。類人猿的行為與古代狩獵采集者的行為形成了鮮明的對比，研究小組表示，古代狩獵采集者平均每天進行大約135分鐘的中等至高強度的體育活動。研究作者認為，這種活動水平是美國人平均水平的10倍，這是狩獵采集者能活到70歲左右的原因)”可推知，文中的數(shù)據(jù)想告訴我們運動與長壽之間的聯(lián)系。故選C。
70．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“The team finds humans als use energy frm physical activity t repair and maintain the bdy. Alng with burning calries, exercise actually causes widespread damage t the bdy by causing damage n a cellular (細胞的), mlecular (分子的), and tissue level. Hwever, this damage is essential s the bdy can build itself back even strnger. Thrugh exercise, the bdy starts repairing muscle fibers, brken bnes, and ther minr injuries. When peple are less active, these prcesses are als less active, putting peple at higher risk f disease.(研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類還利用身體活動產(chǎn)生的能量來修復和維持身體。除了燃燒卡路里，運動實際上還會在細胞、分子和組織層面上對身體造成廣泛的損害。然而，這種損傷是必要的，這樣身體才能恢復得更強壯。通過鍛煉，身體開始修復肌肉纖維、骨折和其他小損傷。當人們不那么活躍時，這些過程也不那么活躍，使人們患病的風險更高)”可知，第四段主要講運動如何對人體有益。故選B。
71．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Cntrary t the cmmn belief, a new study finds senirs shuld stay physically active. The study reveals that physical activity shifts energy away frm bilgical prcesses that cause disease and mves it twards systems thrughut the bdy which extend (延長) life.(與普遍看法相反，一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人應該多運動。這項研究表明，體育活動將能量從導致疾病的生物過程中轉移到整個身體系統(tǒng)中，從而延長壽命)”結合文章主要說明了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，老年人應該多運動。介紹了研究開展的過程以及運動與長壽之間的聯(lián)系和運動如何對人體有益?？赏浦髡邔戇@篇文章的目的是展示一項科學研究。故選A。
Passage 9
Mst peple find sugar hard t resist. Our brains need lts f energy and sugary fds prvide plenty f it. But when calries are t readily available, it is easy t verd it. There has been n shrtage f research n sugar replacements withut the calries, but evidence frm animal and human studies has linked sme t weight gain. One prmising alternative is fund in the fruit f Synsepalum dulcificum (奇跡果), a plant native t West Africa. These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mstly used as a sweetener t have with sur fds and drinks, says Dedeu frm a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(奇跡果蛋白)is very appreciated by lcal cnsumers, especially the kids and peple with diabetes (糖尿病).
Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. The berries dn’t travel well and the plant is slw t grw.
T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchkpnhue whse team is wrking t help enlarge the prductin f miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因圖譜)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund ￡18 fr a pack f 10. If yu can affrd it, the berry’s taste-twisting pwer is fun t try at hme. Let the tablet melt n yur tngue, then try tasting acidic fds such as lemns. The effect shuld last between 15 and 60 minutes.
72．What d we knw abut Synsepalum dulcificum?
A．It cntains high calries.
B．It is related t weight gain.
C．It tastes unusually sweet.
D．It serves as a sugar replacement
73．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Effrts made t btain mre miraculin.
B．Genme published t help d the research
C．Creatin advcated t prduce miracle berries.
D．Transfrmatins perfrmed t engineer tmates
74．What can we say abut tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries?
A．They are sur.B．They are inexpensive
C．They are accessibleD．They are prductive.
75．What is the authr’s attitude t getting the sugar alternative?
A．Dubtful.B．Optimistic.C．Defensive.D．Cnservative.
【答案】72．D 73．A 74．C 75．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，原產(chǎn)于西非的奇跡果有望成為糖的替代品。本文還介紹了一些國家為創(chuàng)造奇跡果蛋白的替代來源而做出的努力。
72．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“These s-called miracle berries dn’t taste sugary themselves, but if yu try smething sur afterwards it will taste unusually sweet. (這些所謂的奇跡漿果本身嘗起來并不含糖，但如果你事后嘗試一些酸的東西，它的味道會異常甜。)”以及第三段“Despite the miracle berry’s prmise as a sugar replacement, it is nly prduced n a limited scale and isn’t available wrldwide. (盡管奇跡果有望成為糖的替代品，但它的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模有限，而且不在全球范圍內銷售。)”可知，奇跡果可以替代糖。故選D。
73．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“T create an alternative surce f miraculin, researchers at the University f Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tmates t prduce the prtein, but this isn’t necessary…Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因圖譜)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (為了創(chuàng)造奇跡果蛋白的替代來源，日本Tsukuba大學的研究人員對西紅柿進行了基因工程改造，以生產(chǎn)這種蛋白質，但這不是必要的……今年早些時候，中國海南大學的一個團隊發(fā)表了硬骨合瓣的基因組，這可能會有所幫助。)”可知，第4段的主要介紹了為獲得更多奇跡蛋白所做的努力。故選A。
74．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yu can rder tablets f freeze-dried miracle berries nline but they are pricey, csting arund ￡18 fr a pack f 10. (你可以在網(wǎng)上訂購冷凍干燥的奇跡果片，但價格昂貴，每包10片售價約18英鎊。)”可知，干的奇跡果片是可以買到的。故選C。
75．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Earlier this year, a team at Hainan University in China published the genme(基因圖譜)f Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help. (今年早些時候，中國海南大學的一個團隊發(fā)表了硬骨合瓣的基因組，這可能會有所幫助。)”以及最后一段“Spanish start-up Baia Fd has plans t prmte sustainable grwth f the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. (西班牙初創(chuàng)企業(yè)Baia Fd計劃在加納促進該工廠的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，并銷售干漿果。)”可知，作者對獲得替代糖持樂觀態(tài)度。故選B。
Passage 10
Breakfast is fd fr the brain and fr the rest f yur bdy. And dwning thse mrning calries is wrth it, even fr peple wrried abut their weight, a new study finds.
The study was led by Marlene Schwartz, a psychlgists (心理學家) wh studies besity (肥胖). Her grup studied sme 600 middle-schl students. Over three years, students frm 12 different schls were asked abut their breakfasts. Thrughut the study abut 34%-44% f all students said that they regularly ate breakfast at hme. Up t 17%, r almst ne in every six kids, regularly ate breakfast at schl. Overall (總的來說), abut ne in every 10 kids reprted eating breakfasts bth at hme and at schl. Eating habits changed smewhat as the kids gt lder. Fr example, fifth graders were mre likely t regularly eat breakfast at hme. But by seventh grade, 22% f the studied kids ften skipped breakfast.
Surprisingly, at every age, kids wh ate breakfast were less pssible t be verweight. This was true even fr thse wh ate breakfast at hme and at schl. It als fund that students wh skipped breakfast mst ften were thse mst likely t be verweight. These findings may seem puzzling. Yet Schwartz’s team can think f several pssible explanatins.
Skipping breakfast may set peple t be “ver-hungry” later in the day, she says. Then smene may eat mre fd than their bdy needs. What’s mre, nt eating regularly in the mrning stps ur brains and bdies frm wrking prperly. It’s very difficult fr kids t stay cncentrated in class withut having breakfast.
But why shuld eating tw breakfasts nt lead t weight gain? One explanatin may be that schl breakfasts are very healthy and cntrlled in size. Als, mst f the duble-breakfast eaters are bys. These kids are s active and actively grwing up that they need mre calries. They ften eat twice as much as ther peple.
76．The example underlined in the secnd paragraph is meant t tell us ______.
A．having breakfast is f n use at all
B．skipping breakfast is rather harmful t kids’ health
C．kids will change their eating habits as they grw lder
D．it is imprtant t have breakfast regularly
77．Accrding t the passage, which ne f the fllwing statements is NOT true?
A．The study was carried ut amng middle-schl students.
B．The study was ging n fr ver three years.
C．Skipping breakfast will pssibly lead t weight gain.
D．We can never eat t much in the mrning.
78．Based n the passage, what may happen t a by wh eats breakfast regularly?
A．He may put n weight.B．His brain and bdy will wrk well and prperly.
C．He will be in perfect health.D．He will be absent-minded in class.
79．What can we infer (推斷) frm the last paragraph?
A．Kids wh are grwing up mre actively need mre energy.
B．All the kids shuld eat mre t stay healthy.
C．Eating tw breakfasts will lead t weight gain.
D．Schls must prvide healthy breakfasts.
【答案】76．C 77．D 78．B 79．A
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使擔心體重的人來說，早成攝入這些卡路里也是值得的。
76．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線句子“Fr example, fifth graders were mre likely t regularly eat breakfast at hme. But by seventh grade, 22% f the studied kids ften skipped breakfast. (例如，五年級學生更有可能經(jīng)常在家吃早餐。但到了七年級，22%的被研究的孩子經(jīng)常不吃早餐)”及“Eating habits changed smewhat as the kids gt lder. (隨著孩子們年齡的增長，飲食習慣發(fā)生了一些變化)”可知，此處通過舉例具體說明孩子們會隨著年齡的增長而改變他們的飲食習慣。故選C項。
77．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Her grup studied sme 600 middle-schl students. Over three years, students frm 12 different schls were asked abut their breakfasts.(她的研究小組對大約600名中學生進行了研究。三年多來，來自12所不同學校的學生被問及他們的早餐)”及第三段中“It als fund that students wh skipped breakfast mst ften were thse mst likely t be verweight. (它還發(fā)現(xiàn)，最常不吃早餐的學生是那些最有可能超重的學生)”可知，她的研究是在中學中進行的，且進行了三年多，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不吃早餐可能導致體重增加。D選項與原文內容不符。故選D項。
78．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“What’s mre, nt eating regularly in the mrning stps ur brains and bdies frm wrking prperly. It’s very difficult fr kids t stay cncentrated in class withut having breakfast. (更重要的是，不經(jīng)常吃早飯會使我們的大和身體無法正常工作。孩子們很難在不吃早餐的情況下專心上課)”可知，按時吃飯的孩子，大腦和身體會正常工作。故選B項。
79．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“But why shuld eating tw breakfasts nt lead t weight gain? One explanatin may be that schl breakfasts are very healthy and cntrlled in size. Als, mst f the duble-breakfast eaters are bys. These kids are s active and actively grwing up that they need mre calries. They ften eat twice as much as ther peple. (但是為什么吃兩頓早餐不會導致體增加呢？一種解釋可能是，學校的早餐非常健康，而且早餐的量受到控制。還有就是，大部分吃雙份早餐的孩子是男孩。這些孩子活躍并且得快。他們經(jīng)常吃別人的兩倍)”可知，從最后一段我們可以推斷出，活躍并且長得快的孩子吃的多，因為他們需要更多的能量。故選A項。

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