專題03【生態(tài)環(huán)保、自然災(zāi)害類】閱讀理解9篇+完形填空1篇（原卷版+解析版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

Passage 1
In the wrld f water, 2021 was anther year fr the recrd bks. Parts f Western Eurpe suffered frm deadly flds while large areas f the suthwestern United States remained lcked in a massive drught.
One might think that ur impressive water management wuld safeguard sciety frm such catastrphic events. Yet when it cmes t water, the past is n lnger a gd guide fr the future and mst f the water engineering is unprepared fr cnsequences f increasingly ccurring extreme weather. One f the mst alarming wake-up calls came frm the city f Cape Twn, where the water taps f 4 millin residents were nearly frced t be shut ff during severe drught because its reservir (水庫) dried up.
Appealing as it might be, the slutin is nt t further build bigger and higher dams (大壩 ) that ften result in mre disastrus flding. Instead, it is t wrk mre with natural prcesses.
The Netherlands avided majr damage frm the histric flds in July 2021 thanks t its recently cmpleted prject, which gives rivers rm t spread ut by redirecting fldwaters int wetlands, lwering parts f the rivers by mre than a ft. Agricultural practices ffer anther strategy. Scientists have fund that bsting rganic matter in the sil by 1% can increase the sil's
water-hlding capacity by up t 18,000 gallns per acre, creating flexibility t bth the rains and dry perids. This means farmland practices such as the planting f cver crps can nt nly raise utput but imprve water management.
Slutins dn't cme easily, but they are key t a livable future. While it's t late t avid the impacts f climate change, we can avid the wrst f thse impacts by investing mre in such nature-based water slutins.
1. Cape Twn is mentined t shw
A. the reservir was f n use
B. new water management is in need
C. hw awful it was withut tap water
D. the existing water management is impressive
2. What can we learn frm Paragraph 4?
A. The Netherlands was spared frm fld damage.
B. The river's water level was reduced t ver a ft.
C. Imprving sil's water-hlding ability is practical.
D. Planting crps bsts rganisms at the cst f prductin.
3. Which f the fllwing water prjects might win the authr's favr?
“Restring Healthy Sil”
“Filling Wetlands”
“Strengthening Dams”
“Making Rm fr Rivers”
A.12B. 23C. 34D. 14
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Water disasters: way ut f cntrl
B. Investment in water: a key t the future
C. Nature-based slutins: ways ut fr water
D. Gd news: farming practices wrking well
Passage 2
It's a warm June afternn, and in a grup f bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs ver a leaf. The Muziekplein frest, next t an 18-stry building and a railway line, is abut the size f a basketball curt; befre it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The frest is ne f seven such extremely small frests in the Dutch city f Utrecht, and 144 acrss the Netherlands. By the end f this year, accrding t IN Nature Educatin, the rganizatin prpsing the cuntry's initiative (計(jì)劃) , there will be 200.
Since the first frest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the cncept has becme ppular. Daan Bleichrdt, wh launched IN's Tiny Frest initiative with the gal f making it easier fr children t get int and cnnect with nature, said that he thught it is ppular because peple are becming mre aware f majr envirnmental challenges. It's a very practical way t d smething psitive in the light f climate change and lss f bidiversity.
Jeren Schenkels, a senir adviser fr the city f Utrecht n green planning, said he saw the mini-frests as nature-based appraches that are able t help the city weather heat waves and imprve water retentin (保持).But ne f the biggest interests is scial. " One f the mst imprtant things is that they give peple the pprtunity t be invlved in nature in the neighburhd," Schenkels said.
Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal grups and 121 ttal animal species were fund in the Muziekplein frest alne. Accrding t Wageningen University researchers, acrss the 11 tiny frests in their study, vlunteers bserved 636 animal species. They als identified 298 plant species in additin t the riginal species planted in the plts. Maintenance (維護(hù)) f the frests ccasinally invlves remving aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wildflwers that appear, are allwed t grw.
1. What d we knw abut the Muziekplein frest?
A. It is newly planted.
B. It sits in an urban area.
C. It grws alng a railway.
D. It is shaped like a basketball curt.
2. What's the purpse f the Tiny Frest initiative?
A. T make peple realize envirnmental challenges.
B. T make nature mre accessible t children.
C. T increase the Netherlands' bidiversity.
D. T call fr actin n climate change.
3. What des Paragraph 3 fcus n?
A. Benefits f mini-frests in cities.
B. Ways t keep neighburhds green.
C. Inspiratin fr planting frests in cities.
D. Imprtance f being expsed t nature.
4. Hw des the authr state the frests effect n bidiversity?
A. By listing figures.
B. By giving examples.
C. By ding experiments.
D. By making cmparisns.
Passage 3
On the face f it, the Laysan albatrss（信天翁）is ding fairly well. Its ppulatin is arund 1.6 millin, and may be grwing. Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature (IUCN) classifies it as " nearly endangered" and places it n the secnd level frm the bttm f the rganizatin's seven ladders t extinctin. Hwever, like the reasnably abundant mnarch butterfly(帝王蝶），the Laysan albatrss has an Achilles heel. Thugh mnarchs range acrss much f Nrth America, many have lived ver winter in the same few small wds in central Mexic. Destry thse trees and yu wuld endanger the species. The Laysan albatrss is alike in this respect.
Adult birds crss much f the Pacific Ocean. But mre than 90% f the Laysan albatrss started life n ne f tw sites, Midway and Laysan, which have been develped frm their riginal muntainus vlcanic islands t their current state, nly cral rcks sticking ut a few meters abve sea level. Wipe ut thse breeding (繁殖）places and the Laysan albatrss wuld sht right up the IUCN ladder.
And that is just what sme experts fear, fr bth Midway and Laysan, which are amng the ldest parts f the Hawaiian chain, have been damaged ver time. A strm in 2011 destryed hundreds f thusands f nests, and thusands are lst even in nrmal years. Rising sea levels may make this wrse. Then it is time t spread the species' risk by building breeding places fr the Laysan albatrss elsewhere.
A prject set up by a grup called Pacific Rim Cnservatin(PRC) began t d s in 2015. They mved albatrss eggs t Oahu, hme f Hawaii's capital Hnlulu. After develping and hatching, they are shifted t a wildlife shelter and hand-fed fr five mnths until they mature and leave the island.
The grup als bradcasts albatrss calls and places sme mdel birds, hping these tricks will encurage the baby birds t cme there t breed as adults. That seems reasnably gd. Of the 46 Laysan albatrsses successfully raised, seven have s far returned. And, as a bnus, the mdel birds and calls have als attracted hundreds f adult Laysan albatrss visitrs, including the fur pairs that have begun t nest.
1. What's the similarity between the mnarch butterfly and the Laysan albatrss?
A. They are native t central Mexic.
B. Their habitats are greatly destryed.
C. Their ppulatins are n the increase.
D. They rely much n certain cnditins.
2. What are sme experts afraid f?
A. Rising sea levels.
B. The harmful strms.
C. Lss f albatrsses' living places.
D. Destructin f the Hawaiian chain.
3. Which f the fllwing best describes the PRC prject?
A. It's never t late t mend.
B. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C. Prevent truble befre it happens.
D. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
35. Why des the grup use albatrss calls and mdel birds?
A. T attract the albatrss back t nest.
B. T help keep the ecsystem balanced.
C. T make the cnservatin mre lively.
D. T ffer chicks a healthy envirnment.
Passage 4
Sewing can be fun and creative. But have yu ever thught that a sewing machine can als mean the wrld t many peple arund the glbe that use it as their main surce f incme?
When Margaret Jankwski discvered this, she decided t fund The Sewing Machine Prject, an rganizatin that cllects dnated used machines and redistributes them in remte places like Sri Lanka, Guatemala, Guam, and Ksv. It als aims t help thse in Detrit and New Orleans.
In 2004, when a tsunami(海嘯）hit Sri Lanka,Margaret was deeply tuched by the stry f a particular wman. After the village she lived in was destryed by the natural disaster, she lst everything, including her sewing machine, her apprach t future earnings. This stry made Margaret decide t cllect used sewing machines and send them t Sri Lanka. After attending a lcal news prgram where she presented her idea, she started receiving scres f sewing machines.
The Sewing Machine Prject cvers a basic yet necessary need f many impverished peple arund the wrld. Fr them, sewing can be a tl fr survival. Whether in a factry r at hme, a sewing machine can be the dr t brighter financial pprtunities.
After Hurricane Katrina ccurred in 2005, a cmmunity f New Orleans that wears skilfully made suits fr their wn traditinal festival lst many f their sewing machines. Since then, the nn-prfit rganizatin has distributed hundreds f machines amng the creatrs f the cstumes, helping them maintain their cultural identity as well as their incme.
1. Why des the authr raise the questin in the first paragraph?
A. T make readers reflect.B. T lead up t the prject.
C. T stress the rle f sewing.D. T intrduce sewing machines.
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Destructin f the 2004 tsunami.B. Inspiratin fr the rganizatin.
C. The stry f a wman in Sri Lanka.D. The experience f Margaret in 2004.
3. What des the underlined wrd " impverished"Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Disabled.B. Suffering.C. Pr.D. Displaced.
4. Why is the cmmunity in New Orleans mentined the end?
A. T intrduce its cultural identity.
B. T prve the imprtance f keeping traditins.
C. T explain the prject's achievement.
D. T shw anther functin f sewing machines.
Passage 5
Plastics are amazing materials, which are widely used in ur daily life. Besides, they're ften cheap t make. Abut 8.3 billin metric tns f plastic has been prduced t date. That's abut 1,400 times the weight f the Great Pyramid f Giza. Sme f that plastic is still in use. But abut 5. 8 billin metric tns have been thrwn away.
All that plastic waste is an envirnmental scurge（禍根）. Only abut 9 percent f plastic waste has been recycled. Anther 12 percent has been burned. The remaining 79 percent has wund up in landfills r in nature. And that plastic, like a single Leg blck, takes a lng time t decmpse(分解）.
Plastic litters the wrld frm the highest muntaintp t the deepest seaflr. Many animals mistake this rubbish fr fd. If they get full, these animals may frget t eat real fd and suffer. Plastic rubbish in the ceans als leaves birds, turtles and ther wildlife in a jam.
Big pieces f plastic aren't the nly prblem. Abandned plastic can break int tiny bits called micrplastics. Winds blw these bits far and wide. Ocean currents can spread them thrughut the sea. These pllutants build up inside animals. They als get int ur fd and drinking water. Each American is likely t cnsume mre than 70,000 micrplastic pieces per year. Right nw, n ne knws what risk that might bring.
Scientists have sme ideas abut hw t clean up this mess. The Ocean Cleanup is develping cleanup systems t fish ut plastic pieces frm the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Micrbes r mealwrms with an appetite fr plastic might smeday eat the garbage. And new nantechnlgy culd help micrplastics decmpse in the envirnment. But many f these plans are still far frm effective s far. The best way t help Earth right nw is t stp buying s much plastic - and then thrwing it ut - in the first place.
1. What des the Leg blck shw abut plastic waste?
A. It is hard t break dwn.
B. Little f it has been burned.
C. It is easy t accumulate.
D. Mst f it ends up in landfills.
2. Hw might the plastic rubbish influence animals?
A. By starving them.
B. By reducing their fd.
C. By piling up in their hmes.
D. By changing the envirnment.
3. What is the authr's attitude t the present methds f cleaning plastic waste?
A. Oppsed.B. Supprtive.C. Objective.D. Dubtful.
4. Why des the authr write the text?
A. T criticize plastic prductin.
B. T suggest ways t handle plastic.
C. T advcate envirnmental prtectin.
D. T intrduce the state f plastic pllutin.
Passage 6
RecnAfrica, a Canadian il and gas cmpany, has rented ver 34,000 sq km f land in ne f the last great wildernesses in Africa fr plans t develp a new ilfield. The explratry wrk has started, and experts disclse that the new ilfield culd be amng the biggest f recent years. But cnservatinists are afraid that the ilfield acrss Btswana and Namibia wuld lead t the devastatin f lcal wildlife and cmmunities.
The plans are the latest threat t elephants in the area, hundreds f which have passed away in the past years. Scientists are making effrts t discver the cause f their death but believe glbal heating prvides the perfect envirnment fr algae(藻類）t fast grw and that when there is a large quantity f algae in their waterhles, deadly pisns can be prduced.
" It is incmprehensible that RecnAfrica's hunt fr fssil (化石) fuels is pressing ahead," Rsemary Alles frm Glbal March fr Elephants and Rhins said."Here we are with hundreds f elephants dying, but a few kilmeters away they want t start drilling fr yet mre il. " She nted that vibratins (顫動(dòng) ) and nise frm explratry wrk are knwn t disturb elephants, and the increase in cnstructin, rads and traffic wuld nt nly drive the animals away but als pen the area up t hunters.
The Namibian gvernment said nly explratry licences had s far been given, adding that the
explratry wells Were nt fund in any "envirnmentally sensitive regin and will have n significant effect n ur wildlife". But envirnmentalists and lcal cmmunities said the prject culd harm main water supplies. " Every part f this peratin —frm new rads t drilling lcatins —will threaten the reginal ecsystem," said Nnimm Bassey, directr f the Health f Mther Earth Fundatin.
1. What des the underlined wrd " devastatin" mean in the first paragraph?
A. Divisin.B. Destructin.C. Difference.D. Defence.
2. What might have directly caused elephants' death?
A. The veruse f fssil fuel.
B. An increasing amunt f algae.
C. Climate change n the earth.
D. Pisnus water plluted by il.
3. What des Alles think f RecnAfrica's plans?
A. Unfavurable.B. Challenging.C. Urgent.D. Illegal.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The ecsystem in Africa is being damaged.
B. RecnAfrica plans t cnstruct a new ilfield.
C. A new ilfield threatens the survival f elephants.
D. The number f African elephants is declining.
Passage 7
We're all familiar with migratin（遷徙）：Wildebeests dash acrss Africa; mnarch butterflies fly acrss the Americas... But did yu knw that frests migrate, t?
In his new bk The Jurneys f Trees, science writer Zach St. Gerge explres an extremely slw migratin, as frests creep inch by inch t mre pleasant places.
"The migratin f a frest is just that many trees sprut（發(fā)芽）in the same directin," St.Gerge writes. "Thrugh the fssils that ancient frests left behind, scientists can track their mvement ver thusands f years. They mve back and frth acrss cntinents, smetimes fllwing the same rute mre than nce, like migrating birds r whales. " This has happened ver thusands f years, and climate change tends t be the driving frce.
Of curse, tday, climate change is speeding up, and trees can't keep pace. Take Califrnia fr example: It's getting htter and drier and scientists estimate that—Befre t lng, Sequia Natinal Park may nt be able t keep giant seguias（巨杉）.
"The scientists there had never seen anything like St. Gerge says. " They wrried, and I think at sme pint we will lse these ancient trees and that we will have t think abut what we d with the places, and whether we shuld plant new grves where they are easy t grw. "
This is knwn as " assisted migratin" - humans plant trees in ther places where they're mre likely t flurish. But this prcess carries risks—peple can accidentally intrduce insects and diseases t new places, where they may wipe ut entire native ppulatins.
S, St. Gerge writes, there's a debate amng cnservatinists and fresters tday: Shuld humans help the trees escape?
" There may be cases where peple are prbably ging t step in and help species mve t places where they'll be mre suitable in the future," St. Gerge says. "S far, there are n huge mvements f citizen grups mving trees nrth. But that is kind f ne visin f the future that the peple I interview srt f hpe t see. "
1. What can be learned abut the migratin f a frest?
A. It is mainly the result f climate change.
B. It ften fllws certain migrating species.
C. It takes thusands f years t cmplete it.
D. It is very difficult t track the migratin.
2. Why des the authr mentin Sequia Natinal Park?
A. T stress the park is facing a severe situatin.
B. T shw trees fail t adapt t climate change.
C. T prve "assisted migratin" carries risks.
D. T state scientists are hpeful abut the envirnment.
3. What des the underlined wrd " flurish " in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. Becme valuable.B. Develp rapidly.C. Grw well.D. Escape diseases.
4. What's St. Gerge's attitude twards helping the trees escape?
A. Skeptical.B. Supprtive.C. Objective.D. Disapprving.
Passage 8
When yu walk n a sandy beach, it takes mre energy than walking dwn a sidewalk - because the weight f yur bdy pushes yu int the sand. It turns ut that the same thing is true fr vehicles driving n rads.
"The weight f the vehicles creates a very shallw indentatin （四痕）in the pavement — like it's cntinuusly driving up a very shallw hill," said Jeremy Gregry, a scientist at MIT. He mdeled with his teammates hw much energy culd be saved and hw much greenhuse gases culd be avided by simply hardening the natin's rads and highways.
And they fund that hardening 10 percent f the natin's rads every year culd prevent the emissin equal t 440 megatns f carbn dixide ver the next 5 decades - that amunt is equal t hw much CO, yu'd spare the planet by keeping a billin barrels f il in the grund r by grwing 7 billin trees fr a decade. It reduces 0. 5% f prjected transprtatin emissins ver that time perid.
As fr hw t harden rads, Gregry says yu culd cmbine small amunts f certain fibre with high technlgy int paving materials. Or yu culd pave the rads with specially-made cncrete, which is harder than rdinary cnstructin materials.
This system culd als be a way t shave carbn emissins withut sme f the usual barriers. " Usually, when it cmes t reducing emissins in the transprtatin sectr, yu're talking abut changing plicies related t vehicles and als driver behavir, which invlves millins and millins f peple — as ppsed t changing the way we design and preserve ur pavements. That's just n the rder f thusands f peple wh are wrking in transprtatin agencies. " And when it cmes t imprving ur streets and highways - thse agencies are where yu might say the rubber meets the rad.
1. Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 3?
A. By giving examples.B. By making classificatin.
C. By listing figures.D. By analyzing causes.
2. What des Gregry suggest fr hardening rads? *
A. Mixing fibre with special cncrete.
B. Changing regular paving materials.
C. Creating hi-tech cmputer mdels.
D. Using rdinary building materials.
3. What is an advantage f the rad-hardening system?
A. It reduces cnstructin csts.
B. It prfits transprtatin agencies.
C. It regulates driver behavir.
D. It avids invlving t many peple.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Walking Dwn Beaches r Sidewalks?
B. Hardening Rads Helps Save Energy
C. Hw t Cut Dwn Carbn Emissins
D. A System f Hardening Rads
Passage 9
Hw imprtant is fish farming? Very. Althugh it's an ancient business, the rise f aquaculture has been ne f the biggest revlutins in fd supply ver the past half century.
Aquaculture has made fish mre affrdable fr cnsumers arund the wrld, ppularizing the cnsumptin f what used t be expensive, and easing the pressure n hard-pressed wild stcks. Aquaculture als has many clear envirnmental benefits: cmpared with ther ways f grwing animal prtein, it uses little r n land, and has lw greenhuse emissin. And while the wrld has traditinally had a bad recrd f regulating wild fishing, fish farming generally ccurs within the bundaries f gvernments, meaning it shuld, in thery, be much easier t ensure that gd practices are upheld.
Crwding large numbers f fish int limited spaces means that waste prducts, including waste, uneaten fd and dead fish, are pured int the surrunding waters, plluting them. Besides, the pesticides and drugs used t treat cnditins that upset fish in Cncentrated numbers can als affect lcal wildlife.Many farmed fish are fed n ther fish, s the industry als puts pressure n wild stcks: abut a fifth f all caught fish, sme 18 millin tnnes, are used fr fish il and fishmeal prductin. There is als the prblem f fish escaping, with ptentially dangerus effects n surrunding ecsystems.
In 2018 the Scttish Parliament's envirnment cmmittee published a reprt n the fish farming industry's envirnmental effects, stating that key prblems simply hadn't been tackled, and that the Scttish gvernment's plan t duble salmn utput by 2030 culd cause" irrecverable damage" t ecsystems. Since then, prtectin has been tughened. There is nw mre pressure frm regulatrs t situate farms in remte, deep-water lcatins. Meanwhile, thugh, catches f Scttish wild salmn have fallen t their lwest level since recrds began in 1952. "There are gd reasns fr fish farming and real dangers t it as well," cncludes an fficial. "The questin is hw t make it wrk. "
1. Hw has fish farming benefited peple?
A. It has many clear envirnmental effects.
B. It can mnitr the wild fish in limited areas.
C. It makes it easier fr mre peple t cnsume fish.
D. It's easier fr the gvernment t make fish prduct.
2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The reasns fr fish farming.
B. The dwnside f aquaculture.
C. The develpment f sea explring.
D. The effects n surrunding ecsystems.
3. What d we knw abut fish farming accrding t the Scttish reprt?
A. The massive fish farming may damage ecsystems.
B. The prblems f fish farming are likely t be slved.
C. The fish farming industry has n effect n the envirnment.
D. The Scttish gvernment plans t duble fish utput nw.
4. What is the writer's attitude twards aquaculture?
A. Objective.B. Dubtful.C. Critical.D. Disapprving.
Passage 10
On a cld Nvember night, Laytn was n his way hme when he gt an urgent call frm his mther. "The muntain's n fire," she 1. " and many rental guests are up there. "
Laytn's family 2. a dzen rental cttages n Shields Muntain. At the thught f this, Laytn 3. the gas.
He 4. first t their rental cttages t make sure that their guests were 5. Frtunately, all their guests were. At that pint, he made up his mind t 6. their cttages t rescue turists 7. ther cttages nearby.
Over the next tw hurs, he travelled thrugh the 8. muntain, kncking n drs and leading 9. peple t safety. Knwing the muntain s well, he drve ne after anther family dwn the muntain n rads 10. in smke in his pickup. When ne family was 11. frm the fire, Laytn wuld take the pickup 12. up the muntain in search f anther 13. persn. He helped ne elderly wman flee bareft 14. the ht rad surface t reach her car. He als fund a man nearly uncnscius in a burning cttage and 15. him t his pickup. He helped 14 peple ut f danger despite the fact that he 16. escaped burns.
17. his brave and immediate actin, the fire didn't 18. a single life n Shields Muntain. And thugh his hme and business were destryed, Laytn remains 19. . " I wasn't wrried abut the prperty 20. , nt when I saw thse families trapped n the muntain," he says. "I knew I was gnna help them. "
41. A. explainedB. declaredC. whisperedD. screamed
42. A. sharedB. wnedC. discveredD. built
43. A. hitB. watchedC. caughtD. picked
44. A. walkedB. flewC. headedD. ran
45. A. gneB. missingC. scaredD. awake
46. A. fixB. saveC. sellD. leave
47. A. turingB. rentingC. repairingD. deserting
48. A. smkyB. fggyC. cludyD. rainy
49. A. cnfusedB. hesitantC. curiusD. panicked
50. A. highlightedB. ruinedC. cveredD. lst
51. A. happyB. safeC. absentD. tired
52. A. backB. hmeC. awayD. ut
53. A. disabledB. excitedC. stubbrnD. trapped
54. A. acrssB. intC. thrughD. ver
55. A. ledB. pulledC. carriedD. pushed
56. A. unfrtunatelyB. narrwlyC. accidentallyD. generally
57. A. Apart frmB. Due tC. Except frD. As fr
58. A. claimB. spareC. prtectD. drp
59. A. intelligentB. generusC. philsphicalD. critical
60. A. incmeB. priceC. valueD. damage

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