Passage 1
In general, the riches f the natural wrld aren't spread evenly acrss the glbe. Places like the Trpical. Andes in Suth America are simply packed with unique species, many f which can't be fund in any ther places. Until recently, the main explanatin fr the bilgical riches cncentrated in places like the Amazn Basin was that such places must be engines f bidiversity, with new species evlving at a faster rate than ther parts f the wrld. But nw, new research n bird evlutin may turn that assumptin n its head, instead supprting the idea that areas with fewer species actually tend t prduce new species faster.
The researchers say these bidiversity "cld spts" are generally fund in envirnments featuring freezing, dry and unstable cnditins. Thugh the researchers fund these lcatins with few bird species tend t prduce new nes at high rates, they fail t accumulate many species because the unstable cnditins frequently make the new life frms die ut.
The mre well-knwn " ht spts", by cntrast, have accumulated their large numbers f species by being warm, hspitable and relatively stable. Indeed, the researchers fund that the cuntless bird species that call the Amazn hme tend t be lder in evlutinary terms. "New species d frm in places like the Amazn, just nt as frequently as in the dry grasslands in the Andes ," says Elizabeth, an evlutinary bilgist.
The researchers managed t cllect 1,940 samples representing 1,287 f the 1,306 bird species frm Suth America. Their analysis shwed that the best predictr f whether an area wuld prduce new species at a high rate was hw many species lived there, rather than climate r gegraphic features like muntains. Species-rich areas tended t prduce new species mre slwly.
" Maybe bad envirnments generate new species mre frequently because there's less cmpetitin and mre available pprtunities fr new species," says Gustav Brav, a lead researcher.
The study's findings add new urgency t prtect ecsystems that may lk barren, but may actually be nature's hthuses fr the evlutin f new species.
1. Why is Suth America mentined in the first paragraph?
A. T make a cmparisn.
B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T explain a fact.
D. T draw a cnclusin.
2. What determines the rising rate f new species in place?
A. The number f its then species.
B. The envirnment they lived in.
C. The survival skills f species.
D. The different bilgical factrs.
3. Which f the fllwing can best explain the underlined wrd " barren" in the last paragraph?
A. Dry and bare.
B. Lively and active.
C. Nice and green.
D. Cmplex and unpredictable.
解析：
B 推斷 第一段講到南美洲物種豐富,普遍認(rèn)為是物種進(jìn)化快的結(jié)果。但是一項(xiàng)新研究卻認(rèn)為物種少的地方產(chǎn)生新物種的速度更快。由此可知，提到南美洲是為了引出話題，提出該研究的觀點(diǎn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。
A 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第一段中的"areaswith species faster” 并結(jié)合第四段中的"tbe best predictr... slwly" 可知，新物種出現(xiàn)的速度是由該地當(dāng)時(shí)物種的多少?zèng)Q定的。故A項(xiàng)正確。
A 理解詞匯 根據(jù)畫線詞后的"但實(shí)際上可能是新物種進(jìn)化的自然溫室"可知，畫線詞在邏輯上應(yīng)與此相反。故A 項(xiàng)正確。
passage 2
A kind man, Keith Walker, wh was 53 years ld, kept his wn pitbull called Brav at the W-Underdgs (an animal shelter) vernight and was n his way t pick him up when he saw the flames n December 18.
He didn't just rescue his wn pet, but he made sure that all the animals were safe. He said, "I was nervus at first and really scared t g there with all that smke. I am nt ging t lie." Hwever, Keith suddenly remembered that his father nce said humans had a duty Til prtect animals. S he said, " My dg is my best friend, and I wuldn't be here withut him, s I knew I had t save all thse ther dgs. "
The funder f the shelter Grace Hamlin said that the shelter was left uninhabitable by the fire, which was electrical. But luckily, they were abut t mve int a new place, s there was still smewhere fr the animals t live.
She said, "Keith is my guardian. Even the firefighters didn't knw hw t handle the animals. They called Animal Cntrl, but Keith was already in the building pulling ut the cats and dgs until they were all safe. "
Keith, wh has been hmeless since he was 13, has nw been regarded as a her after saving the six dgs and
ten cats. Well-wishers have raised almst $ 40,000 fr him n GFundMe, a fundraising platfrm.
In a separate fundraiser fr the shelter itself t rebuild after the fire, Grace said, "Keith wrked tirelessly t bring ur animals t safety. Althugh he refused all ffers f help, we are determined t cntact him again. He is a vital part f ur cmmunity and he shuld be apprpriately rewarded fr his selfless effrts. "
1. What did Keith d at the first sight f the fire?
A. He waited fr help.
B. He turned t his father.
C. He prtected his wn pets.
D. He hesitated fr a mment.
2. What damage did the fire bring abut?
A. Sme firefighters were badly injured.
B. The animals lst their shelter.
C. Sme cats disappeared.
D. Keith lst his pitbull.
3. Why is Grace ging t cntact Keith again?
A. T reward him fr what he did.
B. T raise mney fr him.
C. T ffer him a gd jb.
D. T rebuild a hme fr him.
4. Which f the fllwing can best describe Keith?
A. Ambitius and helpful.
B. Determined and mdest.
C. Hnest and brave.
D. Generus and calm.
解析：
D 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第二段中的"I wasnervus. that smke" 可知，看到大火后，他猶豫了一會(huì)兒。故D項(xiàng)正確。
B 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第三段首句可知，收容中心被大火燒得不能居住了，即動(dòng)物失去了住所。故B項(xiàng)正確。
A 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第六段尾句可知，Grace 認(rèn)為 Keith 對(duì)社區(qū)來說很重要，人們應(yīng)該回報(bào)他的無私奉獻(xiàn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。
C推斷 根據(jù)第二段中的"I was nervus. t lie" 和"I knew I had t save all thsether dgs" 可推知，Keith 既誠(chéng)實(shí)又勇敢。故C項(xiàng)正確
passage 3
As a ppular subject f study amng evlutinary eclgists, the three-spined stickleback（三刺魚）is knwn fr their different shapes, sizes, and behaviurs -they can even live in bth sea water and fresh water, and under a wide range f temperatures. But what makes that?
The researchers tracked six ppulatins f the fish befre and after seasnal changes t their envirnment, using genme sequencing（基因組測(cè)序）．Seasnal changes result in great changes in habitat structure and balance f salt and fresh water, and nly thse fish able t tlerate these rapid changes survive int the next seasn.
"These changes prbably resemble the habitat shifts experienced by stickleback ppulatins during the past 10,000 years," says Prfessr Barrett. " We hpe t gain insight int the genetic changes that may have resulted frm natural selectin lng in the past. "
Remarkably, the researchers discvered the evidence f genetic changes driven by the seasnal shifts in habitats, which mirrred the differences fund between lng-established freshwater and saltwater ppulatins. "These genetic changes ccurred in independent ppulatins ver a single seasn, highlighting just hw quickly the effects f natural selectin can be detected," says Prfessr Barrett, " the findings suggest that we may be able t use the genetic differences t predict hw ppulatins may adapt t the envirnment. "
The research emphasizes the imprtance f studying species in dynamic envirnments t gain a better understanding f hw natural selectin perates. In the further research, they plan t investigate hw repeatable the bserved genetic changes are, by testing whether they shw up year after year. Ding s wuld demnstrate their ability t reliably frecast the evlutinary future f these ppulatins.
1. What des the underlined wrd " that" refer t Paragraph 1?
A. The three-spined stickleback is under a wide range f temperatures.
B. The three-spined stickleback is ppular evlutinary eclgists.
C. The three-spined stickleback can adapt different living cnditins.
D. The three-spined stickleback has different shapes, sizes, and behaviurs.
2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The difficulties f the research.
B. The purpse f the research.
C. The backgrund f the research.
D. The methds f the research.
3. What is the main reasn fr the three-spined stickleback's survival?
A. Habitat shifts.
B. Genetic changes.
C. Seasnal changes.
D. Independent ppulatins.
4. Why will scientists study the repetitin f the genetic changes?
A. T knw what natural selectin is.
B. T study species in dynamic envirnments.
C. T test the reliability f the present discveries.
D. T frecast the evlutinary future f certain species.
解析：
C 理解詞匯， 代詞一般指代上文中提到的內(nèi)容,根據(jù)語境可知，that 指代上文中的"theycan even... range f temperatures" ，故C 項(xiàng)"它們可以適應(yīng)不同的生存環(huán)境”正確。
D 理解段落主旨要義 根據(jù)第二段中的"研究人員利用基因組測(cè)序，在它們生存環(huán)境季節(jié)性變化前后跟蹤記錄了6個(gè)種群的魚類"可知，本段主要講到了研究方法,故D項(xiàng)正確。
B 推斷 根據(jù)第四段中的"Remarkably, there searchers. .. the seasnal shifts in habitats" 可推知，三刺魚之所以能夠生存下去，其主要原因就在于為了生存所做的基因改變,故B項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解具體信息 根據(jù)最后一段中的"Ding s wuld. . . the evlutinary future f these ppulatins" 可知，科學(xué)家研究基因改變的重復(fù)是為了預(yù)測(cè)未來某些物種的進(jìn)化前景,故D項(xiàng)正確。
passage 4
The fertile land f the Nile delta is being erded（侵蝕）alng the Mediterranean cast f Egypt at an astnishing rate, in sme parts estimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land washed away frm the castline by the currents f the Mediterranean Sea used t be replaced by sediment (The h) brught dwn t the delta by the Nile River, but this is n lnger happening.
Up t nw, peple have blamed this lss f delta land n the Aswan Dam in the suth f Egypt, which hlds back almst all f the sediment that used t flw dwn the river. Befre the dam was built, the Nile flwed freely carrying huge quantities f sediment. But when the Aswan Dam was cnstructed t prvide electricity and the irrigatin, and t prtect the huge 4 ppulatin center f Cair frm annual flding and drught, mst f the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated abve the dam in the suthern upstream half f Lake Nasser, instead f passing dwn t the delta.
Nw, hwever, there turns ut t be mre t the stry. It appears that the sediment-free water picks up sand as it erdes the river bed and banks n the 800-kilmetre trip t Cair. Jean-Daniel Stanley f the Smithsnian Institute nticed that water samples taken in Cair indicated that the river smetimes carries mre than 850 grams f sediment per cubic metre f water almst half f what it carried befre the dam was built.
Internatinal envirnmental rganizatins are beginning t pay clser attentin t the regin, partly because f the prblems f ersin and pllutin f the Nile Delta, but mainly because they fear the impact this situatin culd have n the whle Mediterranean castal ecsystem.
But there are n easy slutins. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that ne slutin wuld be t make artificial flds t flush ut the delta waterways, in the same way that natural flds did befre the cnstructin f the dam. He says, hwever, that in the lng term an alternative prcess such as desalinatin (脫鹽) may have t be used t increase the amunt f water available.
1 What stpped the sediment cming dwn t the delta?
A. The Mediterranean Sea.
B. The Nile River.
C. The Aswan Dam.
D. Lake Nasser.
2. Why was the Aswan Dam built?
A. T flush ut the river bed.
B. T ffer electricity and prtectin.
C. T make the water in the Nile River clean.
D. T keep the sil in the regin nearby nutrient-rich.
3. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. There is n need t wrry abut the delta.
B. The methds f measurement need imprving.
C. Whether the situatin is gd r nt remains t be seen.
D. The dam's cnsequences are beynd peple's expectatin.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Difficulties t be settled.
B. Rewards fr the challenge.
C. Severe influence f the situatin.
D. Pssible slutins t the prblem.
解析：
C 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第二段中的"peple have blamed. .. flw dwn the river”可知，阻止泥沙流人三角洲的是阿斯旺大壩，故C項(xiàng)正確。
B 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第二段中的"when the Aswan Dam was cnstructed t. . . frm annual flding and drught"可知，建造阿斯旺大壩是為了發(fā)電、灌溉，使開羅免受洪災(zāi)和干旱,故B項(xiàng)正確。
D推斷根據(jù)本段的中心句”Nw，hwever, there turns ut t be mre t the stry " 和下文中的"almst half f what it carried befre the dam was built" 可以推斷，現(xiàn)在河水里的含沙量是建壩之前的一半，這就加劇了三角洲的侵蝕，這超出了人們的預(yù)期,故口項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解段落主旨要義 結(jié)合本段中心句"But there are n easy slutins" 和下文中講到的用人工洪水疏通三角洲河道和脫鹽均為解決問題的方法，故D項(xiàng)正確。
passage 5
Recycling plastic has always been a stp-start effrt. The wide variety f plastic we prduce, the pllutin frm waste and ther limitatins make recycling becme an ecnmic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）prblem. Ii's estimated that nly 9% f plastic ever created has been recycled. But with the help f a chemical prcess, Canadian Miranda Wang and her cmpany BiCellectin want t change that.
Stability is ne f plastic's greatest qualities and shrtcmings. There's limited evidence that sme plastics can bidegrade （生物降解）but pht-plastics largely degrade in the sun. It's a lng prcess, and the truth is that we can nly estimate hw lng it takes.Wang is lking t break the inactin and BiCellectin's task is t make mst plastic waste recyclable.
She utlines tw current methds. One is t take plastic like water bttles, wash them, cut them, melt and recnstitute them. "That's a very limited prcess," she says, due t the requirement that plastic be "clean". The ther, which can handle dirtier plastic and a level f pllutin, is called hydrlysis (水解).Intense heat is applied t break dwn plastic s they can be reused as il fr energy, but " it's nt ecnmical," she says.
BiCellectin's slutin builds n research frm ver ten years ag, Wang explains, when a US study discvered pure plyetbylene pwder （聚乙烯粉末）culd be brken dwn by a catalyst （催化劑）. Wang and her c-funder Jean hit upn a bacterium being able t eat plastic. In the years since, they engineered a cmparable catalyst capable f ding the same jb, nly faster, which even wrks n plastic n ne else can recycle at present. "We have nw fund a catalyst that is much cheaper than the ne that was used befre," Wang says. Currently fcusing n plastic films like shpping bags, the three-hur prcess breaks dwn plastic int chemicals that can act as the building blcks fr mre cmplex plastic prducts.
" Right nw we're able t achieve abut 70% transfrmatin frm plastic waste material t these chemicals," she adds, saying they're wrking t increase that figure.
1. Why has s little plastic been recycled?
A. Plastic is chemically stable.
B. Recycling plastic led t pllutin.
C. We prduced varius plastics.
D. Mst pht-plastics degrade in the sun.
2. What des Wang think f the tw current methds!
A. Highly effective and dynamic.
B. Expensive and pllutin-causing.
C. Limited and energy-cnsuming.
D. Widely used and recgnized.
3. What did BiCellectin find effective t recycle plastic?
A. Plyethylene pwder.
B. Chemical prducts.
C. Plastic films.
D. A catalyst.
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Miranda Wang and her cmpany.
B. A new plastic recycling methd.
C. The greatest dwnside f plastic.
D. Transfrmatin f plastic waste.
解析：
A理解具體信息 根據(jù)第二段第一句"Stability is ne f plastic's greatest qualitiesand shrtcmings"，并結(jié)合第二段內(nèi)容可知，穩(wěn)定性是塑料最大特質(zhì)和缺點(diǎn)之一，因此它不容易被分解。故A項(xiàng)正確。
C 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第三段第三句 “That's a very limited prcess" 可知，Wang 認(rèn)為第一種方式的流程是有限的;根據(jù)第三段最后一句中"it's nt ecnmical" 可知，Wang認(rèn)為，第二種方法是"不經(jīng)濟(jì)的”。故C項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第四段第三句中的"they engineered a cmparable catalyst. . . can recycle at present " 可知,BiCellectin 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的催化劑，它能更有效地分解塑料，故D項(xiàng)正確。
B 理解文章主旨要義 通讀全文可知，文章第一段最后一句"But with the help f. . .want t change that” 為全文主旨句，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一種新的回收利用塑料的方法：使用催化劑更有效地回收利用塑料。故B項(xiàng)正確。
passage 6
The cmmnly held view is that peple arrived in Nrth America frm Asia via a land bridge nce cnnecting the tw cntinents. But recent discveries have suggested humans might have been there earlier. Researchers studying fssilized human ftprints in New Mexic say that humans were there at least 23,000 years ag.
Matthew Bennett, a specialist in ancient ftprints and authr f a study n the new findings published in the jurnal Science, and his clleagues studied 61 ftprints by radicarbn dating layers f aquatic (水生的) plant seeds preserved abve and belw the ftprints and accurately deduced that they were made 21,000 t 23,000 years ag. The peple wh made the ftprints were living in New Mexic at the height f the last Ice Age. Between 19, 000 and 26, 000 years ag, tw massive ice sheets cvered the nrthern third f the cntinent. The ice and cld temperatures wuld have made a jurney between Asia and Alaska impssible, indicating humans must have been there much earlier than previusly thught.
Accrding t their analysis f the ftprints, they were likely made in sft grund at the edge f a wetland By children wh were sent t d the wrk like fetching and catching by adults. Wind prbably blew dust ver the surface, accumulating in the prints, thus, leaving ftprints that were previusly recrded.
Their findings als make it pssible t explre the lder and mre cntrversial sites in a different light. One such site is Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexic, where stne tls dating back t 30,000 years ag have been fund.
David Rachal, an uninvlved but experienced gearchaelgist （地質(zhì)考古學(xué)家）thught the ftprint dates prvided by Bennett and his team lked "slid", with seeds prviding very reliable and precise ages thrugh radicarbn dating. " Yu culd nt ask fr a better setup," said Rachal. Hwever, he was puzzled that n artifacts, such as stne tls, had been fund in the area. He thught it was just a theme that was gaining sme serius tractin (認(rèn)可) in the literature.
1. What is the mst essential evidence dating the time f ftprints in the passage?
A. The aquatic plant seeds.
B. The fssilized human ftprints.
C. The unearthed tls.
D. 'The massive ice sheets.
2. Why des the authr mentin Chiquihuite Cave in central Mexic?
A. T intrduce a histrical site.
B. T shw the significance f the ftprints.
C. 'T cmpare gearchaelgical discveries.
D. T explain the curse f making a discvery.
3. What's David Rachal's attitude twards the new discvery?
A. Optimistic and trustful.
B. Cnservative and cautius.
C. Negative but curius.
D. Favrable but cnfused.
4. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The discvery f human ftprints.
B. Scientific methds f dating ftprints.
C. The earlier arrival f peple in Nrth America.
D. A discussin n human histry amng researchers.
解析：
A 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第二段中的"studied 61 ftprints. ,000 years ag"可知,確定足跡年代的最重要的證據(jù)是水生植物種子，故A 項(xiàng)正確。
B 推斷 根據(jù)第四段中的"Their findings als. . . One such site is Chiquihuite Cave" 可知，足跡的發(fā)現(xiàn)使不同的角度探素更古老、更有爭(zhēng)議的遺址成為可能。其中一個(gè)是Chiguihuite 洞六。據(jù)此可以推斷，作者提到
Chiquihuite 洞穴旨在說明本次研究的重要性,故B項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度 根據(jù)最后一段中的"Yu culd nt ask fr a better setup" “Hwever, he was. .. in the area" 可以推斷，David Rachal 對(duì)于這項(xiàng)新的發(fā)現(xiàn)持肯定態(tài)度，但是也有自己的困惑，故D項(xiàng)正確。
C 理解文章主旨要義 根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的"But recent discveries. . . atleast 23,000 years ag”可知，本文主要講了在北美洲可能在更早的時(shí)候就有人類了,故C
passage 7
The cling effect f trees reduces the surface temperature f Eurpean cities in the summer by up t 129° in sme regins. In cntrast, green spaces withut trees have an insignificant effect, accrding t a study that strengthens the case fr tree planting t help cities adapt t glbal warming. Jnas Schwaab at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and his clleagues used land surface temperature data cllected by satellite t cmpare the temperature differences between areas cvered by trees, treeless urban green spaces, such as parks and urban cnstructins such as rads and buildings. They analysed 293 cities frm acrss Eurpe.
The land surface temperature measured by satellite isn't the same as the air temperature, which is mre clsely linked t what humans wuld feel, says Schwaab. " Usually, the air temperature differences between tree-cvered areas and built-up areas wuld be much smaller than the land surface temperature differences," he says.
The team fund that tree-cvered areas in cities have a much lwer land surface temperature cmpared with surrunding areas. The differences were between 8°C and 12°C in central Eurpe and between 0°C and 4°C in suthern Eurpe.
The cling effect f trees cmes largely frm shading and transpiratin（蒸騰作用）．This prcess takes heat energy frm the surrunding envirnment fr evapratin（蒸發(fā)），lwering the surrunding temperature. In the warmer climate f suthern Eurpe, the sil is typically drier, s the cling effect f transpiratin is lwer than that in regins further nrth, says Schwaab.
The team als fund that the cling prvided by treeless green spaces is insignificant, and in sme instances green areas withut trees can even be warmer than the surrunding urban areas.
Extreme heat is a grwing prblem fr cities in Eurpe and elsewhere as the planet gets htter. The findings shw that trees can have a big influence n cities acrss Eurpe, but since the size f their effects varies, heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin, says Schwaab.
1. What's the purpse f the study?
A. T measure land and air temperatures.
B. T suggest planting mre trees in cities.
C. T make peple aware f glbal warming.
D. T stress the imprtance f green spaces.
2. Why is the cling effect f transpiratin lwer in suthern Eurpe?
A. The sil is drier.
B. The climate is clder.
C. There are mre green spaces.
D. There are mre rads and buildings.
3. What might Schwaab suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Wetlands shuld be enlarged.
B. Dry sil shuld be reduced.
C. Mre rads shuld be built.
D. Slutins shuld be different.
4. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Trees Cl the Land Surface Temperature f Cities
B. Researchers Raise Slutins t Extreme Weather
C. High Tech Lwers Land Surface Temperature
D. Extreme Heat Des Harm t the Envirnment
解析：
B 推斷 根據(jù)第一段中的"a study that. .. t glbal warming"可 以推斷，研究的目的是號(hào)召人們多種樹來幫助城市適應(yīng)全球變暖，故B項(xiàng)正確。
A理解具體信息 根據(jù)第四段中的"In the warmer climate. .. in regins further nrth"可知,歐洲南部蒸騰冷卻效果較差的原因是士壤通常更干燥,故A項(xiàng)正確。
D 推斷根據(jù)最后一段中Schwaab 所說的"heat reductin strategies shuld be tailred t suit each regin"可以判斷，Scbwaab 建議因地制宜,針對(duì)不同的區(qū)域采用不同的降溫策略，故口項(xiàng)正確。
A 理解文章主旨要義 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的"The cling effect. . . f Eurpean cities " 和最后一段中的"The findings shw... n cities" 可知，本文主要講述了樹可以降低城市地表溫度，故A 項(xiàng)適合作本文的標(biāo)題。
passage 8
A majr emergency can create hundreds f thusands f refugees (難民) vernight. The mst immediate way in which rganizatins like UNHCR and the Internatinal Cmmittee f the Red Crss (ICRC) can help these refugees is by setting up refugee camps. Refugee camps are designed t be temprary, but they ften remain in place fr decades. In sme parts f the wrld, children have grwn up and had children f their wn withut ever leaving their camp.
Critics argue that they frce refugees t be entirely dependent n dnatins. One jurnalist wh visited the Nyadeu camp in the suth f the Republic f Guinea A (Africa) in 2001, described hw nrmally peaceful peple were reduced t fighting with each ther when the fd truck arrived.
Refugees camps can easily becme dirty, vercrwded and are verrun with disease r crime. In many camps, drug dealers hide themselves amng the majrity f inncent refugees.
One alternative fr refugees is t settle in a twn r village, making them becme part f the lcal ppulatin. This is knwn as the " self-settlement" Several aid agencies argue that the self-settlement is a better ptin in many cases than refugee camps. They say that self-settled refugees can start t rebuild their lives straight away, and are freer and safer than refugees in camps. Oxfam, the ICRC and many ther internatinal aid agencies supprt prgrams in which refugees are helped t self-settle.
Representatives f UNHCR argue that refugee camps are the best way f saving the greatest pssible numbers f lives. They pint ut that it is much easier t help peple if they are all gathered in ne place. This is certainly true f emergency relief, fr example the distributin f fd, water, shelters and medical supplies. It is als true that lng-term aid prgrams, such as family tracing, rphan supprt and, perhaps mst imprtantly, educatin, can all be carried ut much mre easily when refugees are all living tgether in ne place.
1. Wh are respnsible fr the refugees' dependence n dnatins?
A. Critics.
B. Children.
C. Refugee camps.
D. UNHCR and the ICRC.
2. What advantage can self-settled refugees enjy?
A. Mre persnal aid.
B. Mre living space.
C. Better training prgrams.
D. A better sense f security.
3. What benefit can gathering refugees in ne place bring?
A. It can help save much land.
B. It's easier fr them t get schling.
C. It can reduce the number f rphans.
D. It allws families t better help each ther.
4. Which f the fllwing is nt discussed in the text?
A. The advantages f refugee camps.
B. The disadvantages f refugee camps.
C. The advantages f the self-settlement.
D. The disadvantages f the self-settlement.
解析：
C理解具體信息 根據(jù)第一段中的" Refugee camps are. . . withut ever leaving their camp"可知，第二段第一句中的 they代指的是上文中提到的難民營(yíng)，也就是說難民營(yíng)使得難民們過度依賴救助，故C 項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第四段中的"They say that self-settled refugees. . . refugees in camps"一句可知，自我安置的好處是難民們比在難民營(yíng)里更自由、更安全,故D 項(xiàng)正確。
B 理解具體信息 根據(jù)最后一段中的"It is als true that. .. living tgether in ne place"'可
知，難民們被集中安置在一個(gè)地方有助于他們接受教育，故B項(xiàng)正確。
D 理解具體信息 文章第一段講述了解決難民問題最直接的方法;第二、三段講述了難民營(yíng)的弊端;第四段講述了難民自我安置的優(yōu)點(diǎn);第五段講述了難民營(yíng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此文章并未提及難民自我安置的弊端，故D項(xiàng)。
passage 9
Starch（淀粉）is the main cmpnent f flur, rice and crn amng thers, while carbn dixide makes up the vast majrity f greenhuse gases. One day, humans may be able t " eat" carbn dixide, and glbal warming culd be " eaten away" by carbn lvers. Althugh it sunds wild, the day is cming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbn dixide, hydrgen and electricity, accrding t a study published in Science in September, 2021. " Plants create starch thrugh phtsynthesis（光合作用），which is a cmplex and inefficient （效率低的）prcess, " Ma Yanhe, directr f the Tianjin Institute f Industrial Bitechnlgy, Chinese Academy f Sciences, tld China Daily. He added that it wuld take a plant abut 60 steps t turn carbn dixide, water and sunlight int starch.
" Our breakthrugh shws that making starch is achievable in a lab. This methd makes it pssible t prduce fd in factries and there are many industries that can benefit frm this technlgy," Ma tld China Daily.
The team has been wrking n the prcess fr 6 years. "The first step f the methd is t cnvert carbn dixide and hydrgen int methanl 甲醇( ), which is a mlecule (分子) that cntains a single carbn atm," Cai Ta, ne f the first authrs f the study, tld China Daily.
Scientists then piece these single-carbn mlecules int bigger and mre cmplex mlecules. With the help f supercmputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making prcess frm abut 60 steps t 11.
"The new prcess has made it pssible t turn starch prductin frm traditinal agricultural prductin t industrial prductin. And it may be pssible t satisfy ur needs withut farming in the future. This will nt nly help save water, fertilizer and land but als help recycle carbn dixide t deal with climate change," a research fellw f the Chinese Academy f Sciences tld the Glbal Times.
The study can als benefit space explratin in the future. The starch may prvide a secure fd surce fr astrnauts as they travel lng distances in space by simply turning the carbn dixide they breathe ut int fd.
1. What des Ma Yanhe think f the new methd f creating starch?
A. It's extremely cmplex and inefficient.
B. It's achievable thrugh phtsynthesis.
C. It's a way f dealing with glbal warming.
D. It's mre efficient than the natural methd.
2. The underlined wrd "cnvert" in Paragraph 5 prbably means "
A. push
B. change
C. divide
D. mix
3. What can be learned abut the breakthrugh?
A. It can help imprve peple's health.
B. It can change the way f starch prductin.
C. It can prvide astrnauts with nutritius fd.
D. It can save farmers frm traditinal agriculture.
4. What can be the best title fr this passage?
A. Smart with starch
B. Hungry fr starch
C. Secure abut fd supply
D. Beneficial t fd diversity
解析：
D 推斷根據(jù)第三段中的"Plants create starch.. and inefficient （效率低的）prcess"和第四段中的"Our breakthrugh. .. frm this technlgy"可以推斷，馬延和認(rèn)為新的淀粉合成方法此自然方法更高效，故D項(xiàng)正確。
B 理解詞匯 根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的 "carbn dixide and. . . a single carbn atm "和化學(xué)常識(shí)可知，科學(xué)家將二氧化碳和氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化成了甲醇，甲醇是只有一個(gè)碳原子的分子,故B項(xiàng)與畫線詞意義最為接近。
B 理解具體信息 根據(jù)第七段中的"The new industrial prductin”可知，合成淀粉取得的突破可以改變淀粉的生產(chǎn)方式,故B項(xiàng)正確。
A理解文章主旨要義根據(jù)第二段中的 " Chinese scientists have. . . hydrgen and electricity"并結(jié)合 文章大意可知，本文主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)科學(xué)家在人工合成淀粉領(lǐng)域取得的巨大突破，這使得淀粉生產(chǎn)變得更環(huán)保、更智能，故 A 項(xiàng)適合作本文的標(biāo)題。
passage 10
Accrding t a new reprt by the IPCC (Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change), the deadly heat waves, flds 61. drughts are disturbing the 62. (life ) f thusands f peple frm all ver the wrld. And they will be likely nly t get 63. (bad) as glbal temperatures cntinue t rise. "S far, all regins f the wrld 64. (affect ) by sme extremes," says Snia Isabelle Seneviratne, an envirnmental 65 (science). "We can link extreme weather t climate change in 66. same way we can link cancer t smking," says Friederike Elly Luise Ott, ne f the reprt’s authrs. "And, like smking, the damage is
hard 67. (disappear)."The mst imprtant things, " experts say, "is t make sure these events dn't grw even mre cmmn and mre intense 68. they are nw." "I feel 69. (strng) that the public needs t knw that dangerus climate change is here and nw," says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. T limit glbal warming t just 2°C, Wehner says, "It's my feeling that we wuld have t d smething rather extreme. " " Smething extreme," he adds, " means cmpletely 70. (get) rid f cnsumptin f cal, il and natural gas.
解析：
61.and 連詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，heat waves,flds 和drughts 形成并列關(guān)系，同作本句的主語,空處需要用到連詞 and。
62. lives 名詞復(fù)數(shù)life作"個(gè)人生活"來講時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)下文中的thusands fpeple 可知，此處需要用到復(fù)數(shù)，所以空處需要填 lives
63.wrse 形容詞比較級(jí) 結(jié)合語境"隨著全球氣溫的持續(xù)上升，它們只能變得更糟“可知,此處需要用到比較級(jí)，所以空處需要填wrse
64.have been affected 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，affect 在句中作謂語,結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語 S far 可知，此處需要用到現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語 all regins f the wrld 與謂語動(dòng)詞 affectt 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系;主語為復(fù)數(shù)，所以空處需要填 have been affected
65. scientist 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 此處是 Snia Isabelle Seneviratne 的同位語，指的是"一個(gè)環(huán)境科學(xué)家"，所以空處需要填 scientist
66.the 冠詞 此處考查固定表達(dá) in the same way,意為"以同樣的方式"，所以空處需要填 the
67.t disappear 非謂諾動(dòng)調(diào) 此處考查固定表達(dá) hard t d sth. ,空處需要填 t disappear。
68. than 根據(jù)句意和上文中的此較級(jí) "even mre cmmn and mre intense " 可知，此處需要用到形容詞比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞，所以空處需要填 than。
69.strngly 副詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞 feel，需要用到副詞，所以空處需要填 strngly。
易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥feel 在此處為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，并不是系動(dòng)詞,考生應(yīng)結(jié)合句意仔細(xì)判斷。
getting 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處考查固定表達(dá)mean ding sth.,意為"意味著做某事"
passage 11
Cvering 7 millin square kilmeters f jungle and the river ver eight cuntries, the Amazn rainfrest is hme t millins f srts f plants and animals, sme f 61 are still being discvered tday. It's als the wrld's 62. (large) supplier f xygen and is a treasure chest f medical 63. (researcher) wh are experimenting with different plants in the hpe f finding cures fr certain diseases. 64. , the wrld is at the risk f lsing this rich rainfrest because f defrestatin（濫伐森林） 65 (cause ) by the actins f farmers, lggers and settlers.
The Amazn Basin 66 (lse ) 20% f its rainfrest since 1970. Cattle farmers have 67 (cntinuus) cleared the land fr cws 68. (eat) n and crp farmers have begun slash and burn （刀耕火種), a farming methd that invlves cutting dwn frests and burning the land t make 69 suitable fr agricultural purpses. Lggers have been cutting dwn the trees fr timber (木材), further decreasing its size.
With the destructin f the Amazn rainfrest, glbal warming becmes mre f a threat. It is up t each individual t fight against the 70. (disappear) f the Amazn rainfrest by making the wrld knw smething abut this envirnmental disaster.
解析：
61.which 定語從句關(guān)系詞 空前講到了亞馬孫麗林是數(shù)百萬種植物和動(dòng)物的家園，其中一些動(dòng)植物至今仍在被發(fā)現(xiàn)?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代先行詞 plants and animals,故填 which
62. largest 形容詞最高級(jí) 根據(jù)空前的"the wrld's" 和常識(shí)可知，亞馬孫雨林是世界上最大的天然氧吧。故此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填 largest。
63.researchers 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 根據(jù)空后的"are"可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填 researchers
64.Hwever 副詞 空前講述亞馬孫雨林的功能和作用,空后講述世界有正在失去這個(gè)富饒的雨林的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),故前后含有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填 Hwever。
65.caused 非謂語動(dòng)詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此句謂語動(dòng)詞是 is,故此空應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。因與 defrestatin 之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填caused.
66.has lst 時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致 根據(jù)空后的"since 1970” 可知，此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填 has lst
67.cntinuusly 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 修飾謂語動(dòng)詞have cleared 應(yīng)用副詞。故填 cntinuusly。
68.t eat 非謂語動(dòng)詞 此句謂語動(dòng)詞是 have cleared,故此空應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞。因表達(dá)目的，故應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填 t eat
69. it 代詞 此處表達(dá)的是農(nóng)民伐林焚燒使土地適宜農(nóng)耕。指代the land,應(yīng)用代詞 it。
70.disappearance 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換 空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，此空應(yīng)填名詞。此處表達(dá)的是通過讓世界了解這一環(huán)境災(zāi)難，共同對(duì)抗亞馬孫雨林的消失。故填 disappearance。
passage 12
Fr 30 years we have been tld hw temperatures have been saring t unheard-f levels. This is causing the plar ice t melt (融化) , sea level 61 (rise) and has brught abut a dangerus increase in extreme weather 62 (event) , such as hurricanes, heatwaves, drughts and flds. These climate changes wuld likely present challenges t ur sciety and envirnment. It is nw a glbal cncern 63 the climate changes ccurring tday have been severer because f man's activities.
64 (truble) by the serius situatin, wrld leaders came tgether fr talks, which were seen 65 a make-r-break situatin fr the United Natins climate talks.
The climate talks 66 (lead) t abut 200 hundred cuntries reaching an agreement that wuld, fr 67. first time, cmmit nearly every cuntry t lwering planet- warming greenhuse gas emissins（排放) t address glbal climate changes. That was 68. certain an encuraging step frward fr ur Earth and mankind.
As the wrld leaders cntinue t cmmit 69 (they) t mnitring ur " sick" planet, we need t cntinue t take small steps t "heal (治愈）” the wrld. We are left with nt much f a 70 (chse). If nly we culd just pack ur bags and mve t Mars!
解析：
61.t rise 動(dòng)詞不定式 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和該句中的"t melt(融化）"可知，空處與此對(duì)應(yīng)，故也用動(dòng)詞不定式。cause... t d 為固定用法，表示"導(dǎo)致…?做…"。
62.events 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)event 為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該句中的"such as hurricanes , heatwaves,drughts and flds"可知，極端天氣事件有颶風(fēng)、洪水、干旱等多種，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
63.that 主語從句 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空引導(dǎo)主語從句，句意完整且不缺少句子成分，故填 that
64.Trubled 非謂語動(dòng)詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,truble 與 serius situatin 之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作狀語。
65.as 介詞 be seen as 為固定搭配，意為"被視為"。
66.led 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 根據(jù)下句中的”was"，再結(jié)合語境可知，該句陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用一般過去時(shí)。
67.the 冠詞 序數(shù)詞前面用定冠詞，根據(jù)序數(shù)詞first 可知，該處用定冠詞 the
68.certainly 副詞 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞,故用副詞形式。，
69.themselves 反身代詞 cmmit neself t 為固定搭配,意為"致力于;使自己承擔(dān)"。
70.chice 名詞 冠詞后接名詞，根據(jù)冠詞a可知，空處用名詞形式。

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