【題型解讀】
在初中主要學(xué)習(xí)的是八種時(shí)態(tài)，他們分別是，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)等八種時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是中考一個(gè)非常重要的語法知識點(diǎn)。本專題目的在于歸納一些高頻考題及梳理一些解題技巧。以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)。對被動(dòng)語態(tài)主要考查不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其中以一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為主，其次涉及到含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本專題目的在于歸納一些高頻考題及梳理一些解題技巧。以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)。
非謂語動(dòng)詞首先是一種動(dòng)詞形式，其次是這種動(dòng)詞形式不能做謂語。非謂語動(dòng)詞包含四種形式，即不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞一直是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是中考的?？键c(diǎn)
【命題規(guī)律】
1.動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），考查時(shí)態(tài)往往會(huì)涉及到謂語動(dòng)詞，再加上動(dòng)詞短語搭配和非謂語動(dòng)詞也是?？键c(diǎn)，使得動(dòng)詞成為中考語法考查占比最大的詞類。
2.常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：
enjy喜歡； mind 介意； finish 完成；keep持續(xù)； suggest 建議； practice 練習(xí)；cnsider考慮；
miss錯(cuò)過；imagine想象；avid避免； can’t help忍不住；g n 繼續(xù)；be wrth值得； be busy忙于
give up放棄；succeed in成功，設(shè)法；lk frward t期待；be used t習(xí)慣于；end up以……結(jié)束
put ff推遲；pay attentin t注意；be interested in對……感興趣
3.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別
1).在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。
the surprising news令人驚訝的消息
a surprised man一個(gè)感到驚訝的人
a mving film一部感人的電影
the mved peple被感動(dòng)的人們
2）.在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
the develping cuntry發(fā)展中國家
the develped cuntry發(fā)達(dá)國家
the rising sun正在升起的太陽
the risen sun升起來的太陽
4.易混句式have sb.d sth.,have sb.ding sth.和have sth. dne的區(qū)別
1）.have sb. d sth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。
The sldiers had the by stand with his back t his father.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對他的父親站著。
2.have sb. ding sth.表示“使某人作出某種反應(yīng)”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時(shí)表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。
Within minutes he had the whle audience laughing and clapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。
3）.have sth.dne意為“讓某事被別人做”,即ask sb.else t d sth.,過去分詞(dne)所表示的動(dòng)作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。
The driver had his car washed nce a week.這個(gè)司機(jī)一周讓人洗一次車。
（一）時(shí)態(tài)
【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
【典題舉隅】
時(shí)態(tài)作業(yè)01
學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．—I wnder if Jhn ________ next year’s talent shw.
—I have n idea. But I think if he ________ his class prject, he will.
A．jins; finishesB．jins in; will finish
C．takes part in; finishesD．will take part in; finishes
2．—I haven’t seen yur father fr a lng time.
—He ________ Shanghai n business, and he will be back in three weeks.
A．went tB．has gne tC．ges tD．has been t
3．—Are yu ging t watch the cming shw in Wanda Plaza?
—Sure. I will g there this Saturday unless the shw ________.
A．will be cancelledB．is cancelledC．will cancelD．cancels
4．Peple used t pay in cash(現(xiàn)金), but nw mst f them ________ that mainly thrugh WeChat and Alipay.
A．used t dingB．used t dC．gt used t dingD．a(chǎn)re used t ding
5．— Hey, Kitty! Why ________ yu cme t the cinema with us yesterday?
— Srry. I ________ an interesting bk called Three Bdy Prblem at that time yesterday.
A．nt; was readingB．dn’t; was readingC．didn’t; was readingD．nt; read
6．—It’s said that scientists are nw ding research n sea rice.
—Great! If rice ______ in salty water, China’s fd supply will surely rise greatly.
A．will plantB．plantC．will be plantedD．is planted
7．—Shall we meet at the z gate at 8 a.m.?
—In fact we needn’t. It ________ until 9 a.m.
A．desn’t penB．pensC．didn’t penD．pened
8．—Tm has gne t Shanghai fr a trip.
—Oh, I didn’t knw. When ________?
A．has he leftB．was he leavingC．did he leaveD．will he leave
9．—Hurry! Hurry! I’m afraid the film _______ fr a while.
—Watch yur step! Safety always cmes first.
A．was nB．has begunC．beganD．has been n
10．Our schl ________ a big ftball field near the library. Nw we can play happily there.
A．buildsB．will buildC．is buildingD．has built
11．Mum, hurry up! The TV play called Kuang Bia has ________ fr abut five minutes.
A．been nB．beganC．begunD．been lasted
12．Mnths ag Iran and KSA were in agreement that they ________ alng with each ther.
A．gtB．getC．were gettingD．wuld get
13．In the past few mnths, a lt f freign leaders ________ interviews with President Xi Jinping. It means that China is playing a mre and mre imprtant rle in the wrld.
A．hadB．a(chǎn)re havingC．have hadD．will have
14．—What are yu saving mney fr?
—Father’s Day is arund the crner. I ________ a gift fr my father.
A．bughtB．have bughtC．was buyingD．a(chǎn)m ging t buy
15．Tm will email his prject plan t yu as sn as it ________ tmrrw.
A．has finishedB．is finishedC．finishesD．will be finished
16．—Jack, why are yu s late? I ________ here fr ne hur.
—It can’t be wrse. When I was abut t g ut, I gt a call frm my bss.
A．waitedB．waitC．have waitedD．was waiting
17．—Has yur father cme back frm Shanghai?
—Yes. He ______ there fr abut ne mnth t take care f my grandfather in hspital.
A．has stayedB．staysC．will stayD．stayed
18．The weather is changeable these days. It rainy and cludy in the past few days. I hpe that tmrrw will be a sunny day.
A．will beB．isC．has beenD．was
19．—The Entrance Exams fr the high schl is cming, I’m s stressed!
—Dn’t wrry. Nthing will be difficult if mre time ________ n them.
A．will spendB．will be spentC．is spentD．spends
20．—Have yu visited the 2023 Garden EXPO in Lianyungang?
—Nt yet. I ________ the whle day yesterday.
A．wrkB．wrkedC．was wrkingD．has wrked
（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)
【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
【典題舉隅】
1．—Are yu ging t watch the cming shw in Wanda Plaza?
—Sure. I will g there this Saturday unless the shw ________.
A．will be cancelledB．is cancelledC．will cancelD．cancels
2．—It’s said that scientists are nw ding research n sea rice.
—Great! If rice ______ in salty water, China’s fd supply will surely rise greatly.
A．will plantB．plantC．will be plantedD．is planted
3．It’s said her name in the newly published article next mnth.
A．mentinsB．is mentinedC．will mentinD．will be mentined
4．The Mnkey King is a Chinese cartn her. Tday, he ________ by peple f all ages.
A．will lveB．was lvedC．is lvedD．will be lved
5．Accrding t the survey, abut 800, 000 new energy vehicles（車輛）made in China ________ t freign cuntries by the end f 2023.
A．will sellB．a(chǎn)re sldC．will be sldD．sell
6．Tm will email his prject plan t yu as sn as it ________ tmrrw.
A．has finishedB．is finishedC．finishesD．will be finished
7．In Mr. Wang’s class, many chances ________ t students t learn frm each ther.
A．fferB．fferedC．a(chǎn)re fferedD．a(chǎn)re ffering
8．When Subway Line 5_______, peple in Xuzhu will feel mre cnvenient t travel arund.
A．cmpletesB．is cmpleted
C．will cmpleteD．will be cmpleted
9．There is a ray f hpe that peple missing at the sea after the strm last night ________ alive.
A．were fundB．a(chǎn)re fundC．fundD．will be fund
10．—The Entrance Exams fr the high schl is cming, I’m s stressed!
—Dn’t wrry. Nthing will be difficult if mre time ________ n them.
A．will spendB．will be spentC．is spentD．spends
11．Jane spends half f her pcket mney n bks. The rest ________ fr future use.
A．savedB．a(chǎn)re savedC．is savedD．was saved
12．Yu wn’t knw hw the beauty f this classical wrk ________ unless yu read it again and again.
A．expressB．expressedC．has expressedD．is expressed
13．In English class, mre chances ________ t students t learn frm each ther in grups.
A．fferB．will fferC．a(chǎn)re fferingD．a(chǎn)re ffered
14．Yu will knw hw the beauty f this classical wrk ________ if yu read it again and again.
A．expressB．expressedC．is expressedD．has expressed
15．Last year, Mr Zhang ________ t a schl in the cuntryside t teach English.
A．was sentB．has sentC．will be sentD．is sent
16．Oxfam, an internatinal charity, ________ in the UK in 1942 t help peple in hunger.
A．set upB．was set upC．tk upD．was taken up
17．Nthing will change unless much attentin ________ t the situatin.
A．paysB．will be paidC．is paidD．paid
18．That was his first inventin. It was a machine ________ clthes.
A．that was used t washB．which was used t washing
C．which gt used t washingD．that used t wash
19．—Ww! All the bread in this stre ________.
—Yes. The bread there always ________.
A．sells ut; tastes wellB．sells ut; is tasted gd
C．is sld ut; is tasted wellD．is sld ut; tastes gd
20．Three mre new schls ________ in ur city next year.
A．will buildB．is builtC．buildD．will be built
（三）非謂語動(dòng)詞
【考點(diǎn)詮釋】
【典題舉隅】
1．I’m happy that Judy has becme the first ne ________ five bks during the Reading Week.
A．finishedB．t finishC．finishingD．finishes
2．Mr Wang ften encurages us ________ clse t nature and enjy its beauty.
A．getB．gettingC．t getD．gets
3．The willw catkins(柳絮) are ften seen ________ in Huaian in May.
A．swimB．t swimC．swimmingD．swam
4．There is n dubt ________ Harry Ptter is wrth ________.
A．whether; readingB．if; t readC．that; readingD．that; being read
5．Schls shuld encurage students ________ gd wrking habits thrugh labr (勞動(dòng)) educatin.
A．t frmB．frmC．frmingD．frms
6．N dubt _______ Qinggu Lane is wrth _______ if yu visit Changzhu.
A．whether; t visitB．if; a visitC．that; visitingD．that; t visit
7．Yur new jb sunds ________ t be true—interesting wrk, high pay, shrt hurs. Are yu sure it’s nt a dream?
A．t gdB．gd enughC．t realD．real enugh
8．—Mr. Lee is an animal-lver. He spends as much time as he can ________ animals.
—He is a true friend f animals.
A．prtectB．prtectsC．t prtectD．prtecting
9．Jane was shy. She wuld nt invite her classmate ___________.
A．practiseB．practisesC．practisingD．t practise
10．I didn’t ntice Tm ________ the cat and leave. I was busy cking in the kitchen.
A．takeB．takesC．takingD．tk
11．—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes is enugh.
A．washingB．t washC．washedD．wash
12．Many students have difficulty ________ with their parents, which causes truble in their life.
A．cmmunicateB．t cmmunicateC．cmmunicatingD．cmmunicated
13．________ my mther a surprise, I cked a bwl f ndles fr her n her birthday.
A．GiveB．GivingC．T giveD．T be given
14．China launched the Shenzhu XVI manned spaceship several days ag, ________ three astrnauts t its space statin cmbinatin fr a five-mnth missin.
A．t sendB．sentC．sendingD．have sent
15．________ the envirnment, we shuld plant mre trees.
A．PrtectB．PrtectedC．PrtectingD．T prtect
16．— I dn’t knw ________ t g this summer hliday?
— What abut Beijing? There are many places f interest.
A．whyB．whereC．hwD．when
17．—When will the new railway ________ the tw cities be in use?
—________ next February.
A．cnnect; UntilB．cnnecting; UntilC．cnnect; Nt untilD．cnnecting; Nt until
18．—What a fantastic time we had in Happy Valley Theme Park!
—Yes. I culdn’t stp ________ phts in the park.
A．takeB．tkC．takingD．t take
19．Betty will jin a summer camp that she’s lking frward t ________ different kinds f abilities.
A．develpB．t develpC．develpingD．develps
20．________ his arrival at the airprt in Japan, he began t regret ________ t g abrad fr further study withut careful preparatin.
A．On; t decideB．As sn as; deciding
C．As; t make a decisinD．Upn; making a decisin
1．（2023·江蘇淮安·中考真題）—Su Hai, what will yu d fr the cming Father’s Day?
—I ________ a beautiful card fr my father.
A．designB．designedC．will designD．was designing
2．（2023·江蘇常州·中考真題）We ________ n the cuntryside rad when a sudden strm hit, s we made ur way back.
A．jggedB．were jggingC．have jggedD．will jg
3．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）The Yuth Ceremny was held successfully! Culd yu tell me ________?
A．wh will be the hst f itB．in which hall was it held
C．whse shw made yu the mst excitedD．that yu were encuraged by the speech
4．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）—Peter, what were yu ding at this time last night?
—I ________ chess with my grandfather.
A．playB．was playingC．a(chǎn)m playingD．played
5．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Tea was brn in China ver 4,000 years ag. Nw it ________ part f peple’s life arund the wrld.
A．becameB．has becmeC．was becmingD．becme
6．（2023·江蘇無錫·中考真題）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s yu! I didn’t expect yu ________ ver. What a nice surprise!
A．had cmeB．have cmeC．wuld cmeD．will cme
7．（2023·江蘇泰州·中考真題）—Can anyne give me an example f an event in the past?
—I can. ________
A．Shenzhu XVI will cme back.
B．Quan Hngchan wn the gld medal.
C．I am taking the English exam.
D．My classmate is ging t watch a film.
8．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）While everyne ________ the cmics page, I picked up a cpy t see what was s funny.
A．is laughing atB．laughed atC．laughs atD．was laughing at
9．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）I ________ China fr three mnths and this is the first time I’ve tried n hanfu.
A．have gne tB．have been tC．have arrived inD．have been in
10．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）There ________ many mdern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help peple travel easily.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were
11．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）—Yu lk tired!
—My husband _______ ftball matches all night. That was t nisy!
A．watchesB．has watchedC．was watchingD．will watch
12．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I saw Harry in February and I ________ him since then.
A．didn’t seeB．wn’t seeC．haven’t seenD．dn’t see
13．（2023·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）— My father and I ________ a lt f phts at the same place in the past ten years.
— Thse phts must be yur valuable memries.
A．have takenB．will takeC．takeD．were taking
14．（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）The chief engineer annunced that they ________ a space lab n the space statin arund the end f 2022.
A．have builtB．had builtC．will buildD．wuld build
15．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）The Mnkey King is a traditinal Chinese character. It ________ by peple f all ages.
A．is lvedB．was lvedC．will lveD．is lving
16．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）Sand turns t glass when it ________ by lightning.
A．hitsB．is hitC．is hittingD．will be hit
17．（2023·江蘇連云港·中考真題）T make the envirnment much better, mre trees ________ next year.
A．plantB．will plantC．a(chǎn)re plantedD．will be planted
18．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）Spud Webb ________ at first because f his height, but he didn’t lse heart.
A．refusesB．refusedC．was refusedD．will be refused
19．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）It’s a lng time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.
A．was takenB．takesC．is takenD．tk
20．（2022·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I ________ by aliens n my way hme the ther day. D yu believe me?
A．have attackedB．was attackedC．was attackingD．a(chǎn)m attacked
21．（2022·江蘇無錫·中考真題）UNICEF, part f the United Natins, ________ in Eurpe in 1946 after Wrld War II.
A．set upB．was set upC．tk upD．was taken up
22．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）—I hear that yu tk part in a frest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by ur schl green club t prtect frests.
A．rganizesB．rganizedC．was rganizedD．will be rganized
23．（2021·江蘇徐州·中考真題）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were heldB．will be heldC．have heldD．a(chǎn)re held
24．（2021·江蘇泰州·中考真題）—Sir, I have truble ding the vluntary wrk fr the 20th Games f Jiangsu Prvince in Taizhu.
一Dn’t wrry. A lt f supprt ________ sn.
A．is fferedB．will be fferedC．was fferedD．were ffered
25．（2021·江蘇南通·中考真題）—Gd news! The Undergrund Line 1 in Nantng ________ t cme int service sn.
—That’s great! Transprt will becme much easier fr us.
A．will be expectedB．is expectedC．expectsD．is expecting
26．（2023·江蘇南通·中考真題）________ healthy, we’ve gt used t washing hands befre meals and using public chpsticks.
A．KeepingB．KeepC．T keepD．T keeping
27．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Travellers can’t wait ________ their new turs in the cming hliday.
A．t startB．startingC．startedD．start
28．（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）I have decided t g t Beijing and ________ ne f my ld friends there.
A．visitingB．visitedC．visitsD．visit
29．（2023·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）—Our schl will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk n envirnmental prtectin next week.
—That’s wnderful!
A．giveB．t giveC．givingD．gave
30．（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）Science is my favurite subject, s I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A．jinB．jiningC．t jinD．t jining
31．（2011·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）Yu lk tired. Yu’d better ________ a gd rest.
A．stp t haveB．stp having
C．t stp t haveD．t stp having
32．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）Gd news cmes that China has sent Shenzhu XIV t space ________ the unknwn wrld.
A．explreB．explredC．explringD．t explre
33．（2022·江蘇南通·中考真題）We shuld have a healthy diet, prper exercise and enugh sleep ________ fit.
A．keepingB．t keepC．keepD．kept
34．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）The high schl invited a famus scientist _______ a talk n Wrld Earth Day.
A．givingB．t giveC．giveD．given
35．（2022·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）—Miss Li, can yu tell me hw t imprve my writing skills?
—Certainly. I advise yu ________ a diary in English every day.
A．t keepB．keepingC．keptD．keeps
考點(diǎn)
考向
考法/命題角度
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
考察最多的主要集中在
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
1、動(dòng)詞 cme, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, stp 等用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。這主要表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
例如：The mvie starts at six ’clck and ends at 8 ’clck.
2、在時(shí)間或條件句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來。
3、注意動(dòng)詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。如 g, cme, fly, leave, start, begin, arrive 等。
例如：My father is arriving at Beijing airprt at 3 p.m. tmrrw.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
1、注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一些標(biāo)志詞，如：already, just, ever, never, befre, yet；since 和 fr
2、注意區(qū)分瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
一般將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
1、掌握常見時(shí)間狀語：the next day
2、在賓語從句中，主句過去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生某個(gè)將來的時(shí)間。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
The article is written (by her).
The article was written (by her).
The article will be written (by her).
Our teacher said the article wuld be written (by her).
The article is being written (by her).
The article was being written (by her).
The article has been written (by her).
The teacher said the article had been written (by her).
The article might be written by her.
還原t
使役動(dòng)詞make /let /have及感官動(dòng)詞hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法
1. Mther ften makes me d sme husewrk.
→I am ften made t d sme husewrk by mther.
2. We saw him run int the classrm.
→He was seen t run int the classrm by us.
主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)：
1. 不及物動(dòng)詞write, sell, wash, pen, lck, read, clean, cut, burn, drive，prve, grw（長得），而且主語為物
2. 大多數(shù)系動(dòng)詞：be ,feel (摸起來)，sund(聽起來)，lk(看起來)，smell(聞起來) ，taste（嘗起來）, becme, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grw (變得), appear (呈現(xiàn)) 等
3. 在need/ want/ require ding或be wrth ding句型中
1. This kind f shes sells well.這種鞋子很好賣。
2. This skirt washes easily. 這件裙子很容易洗。
3. The pen writes well.這支鋼筆很好寫。
4. Ｔhe skirt feels very sft. 這件裙子摸起來很柔軟。
5. The mncakes taste delicius.(這些月餅嘗起來很好吃。)
6. My watch needs mending.
= My watch needs t be mended.
need/want/require ding
= need/want/require t be dne
7. The bk is wrth reading. (這本書值得一讀。)
沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)的詞:
1. vi.: happen (= take place), break ut(爆發(fā))，break dwn(壞了), result frm(緣于)，belng t, cnsist f, cme true, cme ut，die ,disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（傳播）, stand, etc.
2.vt.: cst, fit, have, suit等
3.vt.: 帶同源賓語，賓語為反身代詞，相互代詞
4. vt.: 賓語為不定式或ding
1.The film lasted fr 3 hurs.
2. Many changes have happened in ur hmetwn.
3. His dream has cme true.
4. My phts will cme ut tmrrw.
5. This car csts 100,000 dllars.
6. We will have a meeting. (但hld a meeting 可以改被動(dòng))。
7. She dreamed a bad dream last night.
8. The man intrduced himself t everyne.
9. They help each ther study English.
10. She likes t swim.
11. She enjys watching TV.
辨認(rèn)是否為被動(dòng)語態(tài)
“be+過去分詞”有時(shí)不能表示被動(dòng)語態(tài),而只能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。
1. He is pleased / wrried / tired /…(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)
2. The dr was clsed last night. (系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))
3. The dr was clsed by Tm last night. （被動(dòng)語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）
考點(diǎn)
考向
考法/命題角度
不定式
非謂語動(dòng)詞基本用法，及非謂語一般形式；主要考點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，分詞少有涉及。
需使用不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞；省去t 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞；不定式做表語。
動(dòng)名詞
一些常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞及句型
分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做表語區(qū)別
動(dòng)詞不定式
1.作表語；2.信號詞：wish, hpe, dream, wrk, task, duty, ambitin,etc. etc.
1. My wish is t becme a teacher.
2. The first thing I want t d is t visit my grandfather.
作定語 (后置)
I have nthing ___________ (send) yu.
We must never miss the chance _______( shw) lve fr ur parents.
1. I have nthing t say abut that thing.
2. Srry, I can’t g with yu; I have a lt f clthes t wash.
3. China is the third cuntry t send its astrnauts int the space.
作賓語及賓補(bǔ)
want/prmise/manage/plan/expect decide/chse/refuse/pretend t d sth.
make/ let/ have sb. d sth. (注：被動(dòng)帶t)
ask/ tell/ rder /enable/allw/encurage sb. t d sth.
warn sb. nt t d sth.
wuld like t d
5. had better (nt)d
1. Alice wanted t get anther cup f cffee.
2. He tld me t be here n time.
3. Our parents ften tell us nt t swim alne in the river in summer.
4. Paul desn't have t be made t learn_. He always wrks hard.
5. Yu’d better _________(try) this medicine.
作狀語
不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和結(jié)果狀語
如：in rder t; s as t
He ran s fast as t catch the first bus. （目的狀語）
He searched the rm nly t find nthing. （結(jié)果狀語）
I'm glad t see yu. （原因狀語）
動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用
(1) He desn’t knw hw t use the machine. (不定式作賓語)
(2) Hw t use the machine is a questin. (不定式作主語)
(3) The questin is when t g there. (不定式作表語)
(4). The menu has s many gd things! I can’t decide which t eat.
不定式的特殊句型：
1.句型：t…t…：太…而不能…
2.句型：be + adj + enugh + t d sth.足以做 …
3.句型：It's + adj. + fr sb t d sth
4.句型：Why nt +動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?"
5. 句型：s as (nt) t d: 表示目的
6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb nt t d/never t/in rder nt t/s as nt t等
7..比較：used t d/be used t ding
8..比較：It takes…t d/sb spends…ding
He is t excited t speak.
The child is ld enugh t g t schll.
Why nt take a hliday?
G in quietly s as nt t wake the baby.
1. The bx is t heavy fr me ____ it.
A. carrying B. carries C. carry D. t carry
2.We are ften tld _____at peple in truble.
A. nt t smile B. t smile C. nt t laugh D. t laugh
3.Yesterday mrning I gt up early________ be late fr the exam.
in rder t B. in rder t nt
C. s as nt t D. s as t
動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞做賓語
1.信號詞：enjy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; cnsider; admit; frgive, avid; escape;
2. 詞組：give up/ be gd at/d well in/ can't help/ keep n/feel like/ be used t/refer t/pay attentin t/ devte neself t/get used t/lk frward t/ succeed in/ be wrth
3.hw abut/what abut +ding
4.prefer ding….t ding
/prefer t than d
5.介詞后面+ding
6.固定搭配：g shpping/g dancing/g swimming
1. Mary and I enjy playing badmintn.
2.It's a bit cld. Wuld yu mind my clsing all the windws?
3.The new term is cming. They are busy cleaning the classrms
4.—Mum, I’m hungry.
—What abut _____(g) t McDnald’s eating fried chicken?
5. Knives are used fr _________(cut) things.
動(dòng)名詞做主語及表語
Walking is gd exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)
My favrite sprt is swimming. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳
現(xiàn)在分詞
感官動(dòng)詞+sb.+ding
see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen t, lk at, ntice, bserve
I heard smene kncking at the dr.
I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday.
There we fund him watching TV.

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