
★ 句子一般由兩個(gè)部分組成:
主語(yǔ)部分( subject grup)
謂語(yǔ)部分( predicate grup)
Members f sentence: S --- subjectP --- predicative O --- bjectAttri.---attributeAdv.--- adverbOc --- bject cmplement
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 補(bǔ)
主 謂 賓 補(bǔ) 定 狀
Tm eats apples.
Tm eats delicius apples every day.
1) 主語(yǔ)(subject)
I like ftball.
The by needs a pen.
句子的主體,全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由擔(dān)任,常置于句首。
2) 謂語(yǔ)(predicate)
說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由 擔(dān)任。常置于主語(yǔ)后。
The train leaves at 6 ’clck.
I want a ticket.
,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句
3) 賓語(yǔ)(bject)
4) 表語(yǔ)(predicative)
He wn the game. On the desk
表示vt.的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或prep.所聯(lián)系的對(duì)象。由n.或相當(dāng)于n.的詞擔(dān)任。置于vt.或prep.后。
Tme lst his life in the big fire.
He is a student.
用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。由n.或adj.擔(dān)任。置于系動(dòng)詞之后。
?除了be 系動(dòng)詞外,還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞,1)表感官的動(dòng)詞:2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞:3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞
feel, smell, taste, sund, lk, appear, seem 等。
becme, get, grw, turn, g,等
remain, keep, stay等。
5) 賓補(bǔ)(bjective cmplement)
補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況 。由n. /adj. /介賓 /分詞 /不定式等擔(dān)任。
They made him king.
I cnsider the bk t expensive.
? ?
6) 定語(yǔ)(attributive)對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子,漢語(yǔ)中常用‘……的’表示,通常位于被修飾的成分前。
The black bike is mine.
說(shuō)明1:當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如:nthing , anything , everything , smething 等時(shí),定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)
我告訴他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him smething interesting.
說(shuō)明2:不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí),也放在被修飾的名詞之后。
這間屋子里的男孩子們是10班的。 The students in the rm are in Class Nine.
7) 狀語(yǔ)(adverbial)
用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置靈活。通常在句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首;修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前;表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首,一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:ften)或程度(如:almst)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。
I am very srry.We ften help him.
When I grw up , I am ging t be a teacher . (從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dn’t beat children.4. He gave his sister the pian.5. I fund the bk easy.
主 + 謂
主 + 謂 + 表
主 + 謂 + 賓
主 + 謂 + 間賓 + 直賓
主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)
簡(jiǎn)單句的五個(gè)基本句型:1、主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞?????? She came./ My head aches.?? 2、主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)????? She likes English.3、主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞?? + 表語(yǔ)????? She is happy.
4、主語(yǔ) + 雙賓動(dòng)詞 +間接賓語(yǔ) +直接賓語(yǔ)?? She gave Jhn a bk.5、主語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞? +? 賓語(yǔ)? +? 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) She makes her mther angry.
Nbdy went.She became a dctr.The car caught fire.I will write yu a lng letter.I will let him g.
主 + 謂
主 + 謂 + 表
主 + 謂 + 賓
主 + 謂 + 間賓 + 直賓
主+謂+ 賓 +賓補(bǔ)
This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, r they will die. It’s nt cheap, but it is very gd. It was late, s I went t bed.
He kncked at the dr; there was n answer.Yu’re alive! And she’s dead.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He said that he didn’t like her.
分為九類:時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、 目的、條件、讓步、方式、程度
Wait until yu are called.When spring came, leaves turn green.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as, after, befre, since, till/ until, when, while, as sn as, whenever等
Put it where yu fund it.Sit dwn wherever yu like.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:where, wherever, anywhere
As I didn’t knw the way, I asked a pliceman
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:because, as, since
I was in the bath s that I didn’t hear the telephne.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:s, s …that, such… that
I’ll shw yu s yu will see hw it’s dne.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:s, s that, in rder that
If it snws tmrrw, we will build a snwman.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:if, unless, in case that, n cnditin that…
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:thugh, althugh, even if, even thugh,
Thugh I’m fnd f music,I can’t play any instrument.
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:as, as if, as thugh, hw
常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:s, s that, as far as,s lng as
He did just as yu tld him.
S lng as yu need me, I’ll stay.
* What he said is nt knwn.* That we shall be late is certain.* It is certain that we shall be late.* Hw strange it is that the children are s quiet!
* That is what he wants t buy. * The prblem is that wh we can get t replace her?* The reasn is that he has lied t me several times.
* I understand that he is well qualified.* He said that he didn’t like her. * I dn’t knw if yu can help me.
* that與what都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。* what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份(主,賓,表)。* That在句中只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)成份。* that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略(賓語(yǔ)從句除外).
That is what he wants t buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said (that) he didn’t like her.
引導(dǎo)詞that & what
練習(xí):(一) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①?My brther?desn‘t?d?his hmewrk.
A B C D
②?Peple?all?ver?the wrld?speak?English.
A B C D
③ Yu must pay?gd?attentin?t?yur?prnunciatin.
A B C D④ Hw many new?wrds?d?yu?learn??
A B C D
⑤ Sme f the?students?in the schl want?t g swimming A B ,?hw?abut?yu?
C D
(二) 挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ) ①?The ld man?is?feeling?very?tired.
A B C D
② Why is?he?wrried?abut?Jim?
A B C D
③?The?leaves?have?turned?yellw.
A B C D
④ Sn?They?all?becme interested?in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She?is?the first?t learn?abut it.
A B C D
(三) 挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ) ①?They?use?Mr. Mrs. with the?family?name.
A B C D②?What?is?yur?given?name?
A B C D③ On the?third?lap?are?Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am?afraid?sme?peple?frgt?t sweep?the flr.
A B C D
⑤?The man?dwnstairs?was?trying?t sleep.
A B C D
(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)① She?likes?the children?t read newspapers and bks? A B C in the?reading-rm. D② He?asks?her?t take the by?ut f schl.
A B C D③ She?find?it?difficult?t d the wrk.
A B C D④ They?call?me?Lily?smetimes.
A B C D
⑤?I?saw?Mr. Wang?get n the bus.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ) ①?There?is?a big smile?n her face.
A B C D
②?Every night?he?heard?the nise?upstairs.
A B C D
③ He?began?t learn?English?when he was eleven.
A B C D
④?The man?n the mtrbike?is travelling?s fast.
A B C D ⑤?With the medicine bx under her arm,?Miss?Li?hurried ff.
A B C D
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