賓語表示及物動詞的動作對象和介詞所聯(lián)系的對象,常由名詞或相當于名詞的詞擔任置于及物動詞或介詞(動詞詞組)后。
I knw him.
I enjy playing basketball.Hw is he getting alng with his English?
I am interested in playing pian.I decide t study hard.
I like my teacher.
1.D yu knw …2.I want t knw …
(if/whether)
1. Is he reading ?2. Was she late yesterday?3. Des Tm wrk hard?4. Did yu watch TV ?5. Will they read bks ?6. Can yu sing ?
練一練: 用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句
例句: D yu knw if he is reading? I want t knw whether they will read bks.
he is reading.she was late yesterday. Tm wrks hard.yu watched TV .they will read bks . yu can sing .
只用whether不用if 的三種情況
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下情況只能用whether：
1. 與r nt連用： He asked me whether r nt I was cming.
2. 在介詞之后： It depends n whether it is ging t rain.
3. 在不定式之前： We haven’t decided whether t g there.
4. 作主語只能用whether Whether he will cme is nt decided.
Let me knw whether yu can cme r nt. Let me knw if yu can cme r nt.
If it is true r nt, I can’t tell. Whether it is true r nt, I can’t tell.
I dn’t knw whether t accept r refuse. I dn’t knw if t accept r refuse.
I wrry abut if I hurt her feelings. I wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings.
我想知道這些英雄里你最喜歡哪個？
I wnder which her yu like best?
這些英雄里你最喜歡哪個？
which her d yu like mst?
③當特殊疑問句充當賓語時，由 連接。
特殊疑問句變成 連接詞就是 本身
What is she ding? Can yu tell me?
Can yu tell me what she is ding?
Where des she live? D yu knw?
D yu knw where she lives?
連接副詞引導的賓語從句一般表示疑問，但有時也表示陳述。連接副詞在從句中做狀語。
I dn’t believe what yu said.我不相信你所說的話。I remember when I lived with my grandparents in the cuntry.我記得我和爺爺奶奶在鄉(xiāng)村住過的日子。
(what在此處表示陳述)
(when在此處作時間狀語，不表示疑問。)
D yu knw where _________ frm?( she, cme)
is the way
Can yu tell me which _________ t the castle? ( be, way)
用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句:
1. D yu knw …2. I want t knw …3. Can yu tell me …
1. Where des she build the snwman?2. Hw did the by get t the castle?3. Wh will Tm play with?
例句：D yu knw when she gets up?
where she builds the snwman ?
hw the by gt t the castle ?
wh Tm will play with?
① 當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。
I hear (that)
Jim ( be ) a wrker tw years ag.Jim ( be ) an English teacher nw . Jim ( ck ) dinner tmrrw .Jim ( sing )a ppular sng nw.Jim ( be ) t the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese wrds by the end f last semester.
was playing
had learned
②當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和從句的相互一致。
1) He will g t Hng Kng .2) He is sick.3) He is reading a bk . 4) He has finished his wrk.
1) He t Hng Kng.2) He sick.3) He a bk . 4) He his wrk.
was reading
had finished
從句的時態(tài)是根據(jù)主句時態(tài)來確認的
從 句 時 態(tài)
過去完成時had wrked
一般將來時will wrk
過去將來時wuld wrk
現(xiàn)在進行時 is wrking
過去進行時was wrking
現(xiàn)在完成時have wrked
③當賓語從句說明的是 時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用 。
He tld me (that)
Summer is after Spring.
I was tld (that)
the sun is much bigger than the mn.
My parents tld me (that)
n news is gd news.
The teacher tld us (that)
the mn travels rund the earth.
④ 主句謂語動詞是think, believe, expect, guess等，表示“認為，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主語是第一人稱，且時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時時，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上。其反意疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。
(改為反意疑問句 ).
I dn’t believe she will take part in the English evening. 我相信她不會參加英語晚會。 I dn’t think it’s yur fault. 我認為這不是你的錯。
I dn’t think it’s yur fault, is it?
5.D yu knw hw much ht water?A．Mum is neededB．des Mum needC．Mum needs D．did Mum need6.Can yu tell me?A．where he is B．where is he C．he is where D．what is he7.I want t knw hw lng.A．has he been backB．has he cme backC．he has been backD．he has cme back
陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語
8. I thught he ____t see his mther if he _____time.A．will g…h(huán)asB．will g …will haveC．wuld g …wuld haveD．wuld g …h(huán)ad
9.D yu knw＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?A. what the news areB. what is the newsC. what the news is D. what are the news
10. I didn’t knw hw t Lndn?A．wuld they gB．a(chǎn)re they gingC．they wuld gD．they are ging
若主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定；若主句是過去時態(tài)，賓語從句的時態(tài)要用過去的某個時態(tài)，客觀真理除外。
4. D yu knw wh car it is?
3. He tld me that winter was clder than autumn.
2. She knew that Danny is a student.
找出下題的錯誤并改正。
Culd yu tell me where d they live?
Culd yu tell me where they live.（陳述語序）
She knew that Danny was a student（時態(tài)的呼應性原則）
He tld me that winter is clder than autumn. （時態(tài)的特殊性原則）
D yu knw whse car it is? （根據(jù)語意，應為“誰的”，故為whse）
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都是運用 ，即是“主語在前，謂語在后”的順序。
Helen says that she will learn French next year. D yu knw where he cmes frm? He asked me if I culd get t the bus statin n time.
賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換
I dn’t knw where I shuld g.
I dn’t knw where t g.
Tell me hw I can d it.
Tell me hw t d it.
由連接代詞和連接副詞引導的賓語從句
可以轉(zhuǎn)換成疑問詞 + t d 的簡單句
1.I dn’t knw what I shall d didn’t decide which bk he wuld buy.
I dn’t knw?_________________next .
Jhn didn’t decide______________________.
which bk t buy
1.Can yu tell me hw t get t the bus stp ?2.Please tell Lucy hw t use the MP5 .
Can yu tell me ___________________the bus stp ?
Can yu tell?Lucy ___________________ the MP5.
hw I can get t
hw she can use
if／whether（一般疑問句 ）
特殊疑問詞（特殊疑問句)
主句為一般現(xiàn)在時從句可為任何時態(tài)
賓語從句的語序都為陳述句語序
客觀真理 自然現(xiàn)象公式定理 名言警句 時態(tài)不變
一.結(jié)構1. 當陳述句作賓語從句時, 結(jié)構: 主句+that + 主語 +謂語部分2. 當一般疑問句作賓語從句時, 結(jié)構: 主句+ if(whether) +主語 +謂語部分3. 當特殊疑問句作賓語從句時, 結(jié)構: 主句+特殊疑問詞+主語 +謂語部分
主句 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時(特殊)任何時態(tài)
從句 時態(tài)不變 時態(tài)相應變化一般現(xiàn)在時
1. D yu knw __________________? A. where des she live B. she lives where C. where she lives D. where she live2. His parents wanted t knw what he ______at that time. A. is ding B. was ding C. has dne D. will d3. - We dn’t knw ______. - It is said that he was brn in Canada. A what he is B. when he was brn C. where he cmes frm D. if he lives here4. Lily’s mther lked fr her fr half an hur, but culd nt find ________? A. what Lily was 　 B. what was Lily C. where Lily was D. where was Lily
3.He desn’t knw that when she can cme back.
2.Father tld me the sun always rse in the east.
1.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late fr schl.
Miss Zhang asked me why I was late fr schl.
Father tld me the sun always rises in the east.
He desn’t knw when she can cme back.
1. I hear (that) he ______________ in an hur.
（ 我聽說他一小時后回來。）
will be back
2. He said (that) he ______________ very much.
（他說他非常想念我們。）
3. Ask him ___________________________.
if/whether he can cme
4. Can yu tell me ____________________.
（你能告訴我他在哪兒嗎？）
where he is
1.—D yu knw ______tmrrw? —At 8 ’clck. A. when did she cme B. when she came C. when will she cme D. when she will cme2.—D yu knw _____the Capital Museum? ----NextFriday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited3.—Can yu tell me _______? A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. where was Linda D. where Linda is4.—D yu knw ______fr Shanghai last night? —At 9:00. A. what time he leaves B. what time des he leave C. what time he left D. what time did he leave
5. Please tell me______. I have sme gd news fr him. A. where Rbert lives B. where des Rbert live C. where Rbert lived D. where did Rbert live 6. —We dn’t knw______ ． —It is said that he was brn in Canada． A．what he is B．when he was brn C．where he cmes frm D．if he lives here 7. —May I cme in? I’m srry I am late. —Cme in, please. But culd yu please tell me ______? A. why yu are late again B. what were yu ding then C. wh yu talked with D. hw d yu came t schl
8. Culd yu tell me________? A. When will Mary cme back B. When Mary cmes back C. When Mary will cme back 9.—What did yu say just nw? —I asked _______. A. that I culd pen the dr B. culd I pen the dr C. hw culd I pen the dr D. hw I culd pen the dr 10.—D yu knw ________, Mike? —On May 12th,2008 A. when the earthquake tk place in Wen Chuan B. when did the earthquake take place in Wen Chuan C. when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan
The radi says it _________ cludy tmrrw. (be)The headmaster hpes everything ______ well. (g)Tm says that they ________________ (play) basketball at six ’clck yesterday evening. I hear they _____________ (return) it already. He said that they _____________ members f the Party since 1948. (be)
were playing
has returned
6.He asked what they _______________ at eight last night. (d)7.The teacher tld his class that light _______ faster than sund. (travel)8.I think yu _____________ abut the relay race(接力賽） nw. (talk)9.I didn’t knw whm the letters _________ frm. (be)
are talking
賓語從句的定義
什么是賓語？ 動作的對象或者內(nèi)容 I like my teacher.（名詞作賓語) I knw him .（代詞作賓語）2 . 在句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。 I knw(that) Mr Li teaches English.
賓語從句的“三關”
賓語從句的“三關”---引導詞
由that引導的賓語從句（that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當成分，在口語當中往往省略） He said (that) he wanted t d his hmewrk after supper. I hear (that) he will cme back in an hur.連接代詞: wh, whm, whse, what, which 連接副詞: when, where, why, hw He asked wh culd answer the questin. I dn’t knw why the train is late.3. if 或whether He asked me whether/if I culd help him.
if 和whether 的區(qū)別
只用whether 的情況
I'm interested in whether he likes English.
I wnder whether they g t schl r nt.
I dn’t knw whether t g.
練一練
----Can yu tell me _____ it is frm hme t schl.
----Sure. It’s abut three kilmeters.
A. hw much B. hw lngC. hw farD. hw sn
----When H7N9 bird flu first appeared, peple didn’t knw ___dctrs culd cure it.
ifB. thatC. whatD. why
----D yu think _____Xia Ming can pass the high schl entrance exam r nt.
----Srry, I’ve n idea.
A. that B. whichC. ifD. whether
賓語從句的“三關”---語序
語序為陳述句的語序——引導詞+主語+謂語
I think (that) English is easy.
Can yu tell me hw I can get t statin.
What des he like? I wnder. I wnder ____________________
what he likes.
----Excuse me, I lst my way. Will yu please tell me ____?
where am IB. where I amC. where yu areD. where are yu
----By reading the article, we knw hw ___in ur daily life.
will we prtect the earthB. we can reduce pllutinC. shuld we save waterD. must we recycle things
賓語從句的“三關”---時態(tài)
主現(xiàn)從隨意，主過從過去
He said that light ________ much faster than sund. (travel)
D yu knw what time he ________t schl tmrrw. (g)
He said that he _____ brn in Beijing in 1992. (be)
賓語從句解題方法
---- Can yu tell me hw many clrs_____ in a rainbw? ----Seven.
A. there areB. are thereC. they areD. are they
----Culd yu please tell me _____? ----They’re ver there.
A. where are the restrmsB. where were the restrmsC. where the restrms areD. where the restrms were
----Did Mrs. King leave a message?----Yes. She wanted t knw _______this Sunday.
A. wh yu wuld g shppingB. if yu wuld g shpping with herC. that yu will g shppingD. when will yu g shpping with her
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