?專題09 名詞性從句
限時：（ 35分鐘）

（基礎題）
1. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started ________ was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
2. It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
3. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show ________ they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater..
4. This ability to recognize ________ a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference.
5. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is ________ the honey guide takes its share.
6. It’s jaw-dropping________ much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
7. A computer system will analyze the video to determine ________ a cow is sick. Radio tags (標簽) on the animals will measure temperature changes.
8. The ability to accurately understand ________ others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
9. The realization ________ this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
10. I could have made six salads with ________ I threw out.
11. It is our hope ________ in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
12. The next step according to the researchers, is to try and work out ________ the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (線索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
13. I had no idea about ________ I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it.
14. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me ________ in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
15. Write a poem about________ courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
16. ________ people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.
17. This research overturns the popular view ________all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.
18. I count twelve shades of green from ________ I stand.
19. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed ________ the cubs weren't there.
20. Soon, however, they realized ________ they had undertaken.
21. There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion ________ time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s ________ makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
22. The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program.
23. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see ________ news the night might bring.
24. The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “Drive LAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover ________ the key stress points are.
25. What I’m hoping to accomplish is ________ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore.
26. I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I’ve done 89 trips — of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干細胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s ________ long they last.
27. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about ________ to do next.
28. He and I both knew ________ the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it.
29. If I had to make just one recommendation for ________to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.
30. But ________ began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.
31. You probably know ________ Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.
32. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, ________ do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
33. What do you do for a living?", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of ________ it is you're talking to.
34. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on ________ to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.
35. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is ________ dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
36. Also, ask ________ kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.
37. When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning ________ to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.
38. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. ________finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
39. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干擾)in his open office, he said, “That’s _______ I have a membership at the coworking space across the street —so I can focus. "

Key: 1. what 2. that 3. whether/if 4. that 5. when 6. how 7. whether/if 8. how 9. that 10. what 11. that 12. whether 13. what 14. that 15. how 16. What 17. that 18. where 19. that 20. what 21. that; what 22. what 23. what 24. where 25. that 26. how 27. what 28. what 29. where 30. what 31. who 32. what 33. whomever 34. how 35. where 36. what 37. how 38. Whoever 39. why

（能力題）
1. (2021新高考一卷)_______is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. (2019全國一卷)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.

3. (2018·11月浙江高考)It is possible ________ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.
4. (2017·天津高考改編)She asked me________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
5. (2016·北京高考改編)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________ one can be entirely free from dust.
6. (2016·天津高考改編)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
7. (2016·江蘇高考改編)It is often the case________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
8. (2018·全國卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
9. (2018·北京高考改編)This is ________ my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
10. (2018·北京高考改編)Without his support, we wouldn't be________ we are now.
11. (2018·天津高考改編)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
12. (2018·江蘇高考改編)By boat is the only way to get here, which is________we arrived.
13. (2017·北京高考改編)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
14. (2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing________she was heading.
15. (2017·江蘇高考改編)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of________it used to charge.
16. (2016·北京高考改編)Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.
17. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
18. (2014·廣東高考)I didn't understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
答案：
1. 解析：what 分析句子結構可知，該句是一個主從復合句， 從句為主語從句，缺少主語，指代事物內容，故答案為what。
2. 解析：that 分析句子結構可知，該句是一個主從復合句，空格處引導詞引導同位語從句，且在從句中不做任何成分，只起到連接作用，無意義，故答案為that。
3. 解析：that　分析句子結構可知，該句是一個主從復合句，it作形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。
4. 解析：whether/if　句意：她問我是否已經把書還給圖書館了，我承認說我還沒有還。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導賓語從句，且在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用；又根據(jù)句意可知此處表示“是否”，故用whether或if引導賓語從句。
5. 解析：that　句意：雨季最令人高興的事情就是人們可以完全遠離灰塵。分析句子結構可知，本句包含一個表語從句，且表語從句中句子結構完整，故使用that引導表語從句，that在表語從句中不作句子成分，只起連接作用。
6. 解析：that　句意：經理提出了一個建議，我們應該有一個助手。工作太多了。分析句子結構可知，空處引導同位語從句，解釋說明suggestion的具體內容，故填that。
7. 解析：that　句意：通常情況下，對于那些堅持希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。空處引導主語從句，從句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使用that引導。
8. 解析：who　分析句子成分，空格處作從句的主語，根據(jù)后面的“me or the female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作對比，表示“我不知道我和大猩猩誰更害怕”，故填who。
9. 解析：what　句意：這就是父親教給我的——永遠面對困難并且寄予最大的希望。表語從句中動詞taught缺少直接賓語， 且表示“……的東西”，故填what。
10. 解析：where　句意：要是沒有他的幫助，我們就不會是現(xiàn)在的情形了?？仗幰龑П碚Z從句，表示的是具有抽象意義的地點，故用where引導。
11. 解析：whoever　句意：這塊金牌將頒發(fā)給在這場自行車比賽中獲得第一名的人。從句中缺主語且表示“人”，因此填whoever引導賓語從句并在從句中作主語。
12. 解析：how　句意：坐船是到達這里唯一的方式，我們就是這樣來的。how 引導表語從句，表示方式。
13. 解析：whoever　句意：每年，在風箏節(jié)上，制作出最漂亮風箏的人將會獲獎。根據(jù)句子結構和句意可知，主語從句中缺少表示人的主語，故填whoever。
14. 解析：where　句意：簡在綠樹成蔭的街道漫無目的地走著，不知道她要去哪里。本句考查名詞性從句中的賓語從句，根據(jù)句意和句子結構可知，賓語從句中缺少表示地點的連詞， 故填where。
15. 解析：what　句意：我們選擇這家賓館是因為這里住一晚上的價格降到了20美元，這是它以前要價的一半。此處考查賓語從句的引導詞，在of后面what既引導賓語從句，又在從句中作charge的賓語。
16. 解析：Whatever　句意：你們的支持對我們的工作很重要，你們做的任何事情都有幫助。根據(jù)句意和結構可知，whatever引導的是主語從句，主語從句中缺少謂語動詞do的賓語，表示事物， 故用Whatever引導。
17. 解析： how　分析句子結構可知，空格處是一個賓語從句?？崭窈蟮膖hick為形容詞，因此空格處應用副詞，故填how。
18. 解析：why　根據(jù)語境可知，“我”不知道/不明白為什么會發(fā)生這樣的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引導賓語從句。





（真題/新題）

模塊綜合練09（2022年1月（浙江卷））
一、閱讀理解
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危機）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地產）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals. *'
1．Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
2．The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A．make money. B．try various jobs.
C．be close to nature. D．travel to different places.
3．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
7．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．Positive effects of doing exercises.
B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C．Experimental studies on diseases.
D．Advantages of sporty woman over man
8．Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A．To predict their maximum heart rate.
B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C．To change their habits of working out
D．To detect their potential health problems
9．What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B．Data collection was a lengthy process.
C．Some participants withdrew from it.
D．The results were far from satisfactory.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
二、七選五
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (職業(yè)) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改進) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
三、完形填空
When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___19___ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in ___20___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___21___ she said. " But more and more are suffering and lives are being ___22___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team ___24___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____25_____ work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____26_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____27_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____28_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____29_____ that there are solutions（解決辦法）said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____30_____ . "I say there is no old _____31_____ , there's only neglect （忽視）. Don't stand _____32_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____33_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring _____34_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____35_____. There is still a long way to go"
16．A．throat B．skin C．lungs D．eyes
17．A．getting over B．going through C．holding on D．passing down
18．A．story B．treatment C．life D．relationship
19．A．similar B．various C．personal D．special
20．A．turn B．peace C．vain D．silence
21．A．unbearable B．abnormal C．insignificant D．disturbing
22．A．compromised B．forgotten C．substituted D．separated
23．A．course B．program C．paper D．conference
24．A．informed B．doubted C．included D．dismissed
25．A．part-time B．controversial C．voluntary D．ground-breaking
26．A．money B．standards C．awareness D．questions
27．A．As ever B．So far C．In return D．Once again
28．A．wasted B．donated C．expected D．earned
29．A．imagine B．confirm C．remember D．understand
30．A．retirement B．childbirth C．graduation D．marriage
31．A．time B．rule C．age D．tale
32．A．straight B．still C．firm D．alone
33．A．commented B．learned C．reminded D．added
34．A．light B．joy C．color D．beauty
35．A．future B．beginning C．truth D．meaning
四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文
閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热荩ㄒ粋€單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane???____37____（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others ____38____ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _____40_____（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ （invite）. That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans _______45_______（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."

【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述Merebeth從事的新工作。近十年來，她一直是一名自營寵物運輸專家。
1．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地產）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地產公司做了10年的辦公室經理，經濟低迷打擊了這家公司。 公司破產了，她只好另尋新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以換工作，是因為她以前的雇主破產了。故選D。
2．D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地說，除了蒙大拿州、華盛頓州和俄勒岡州，她走遍了美國所有的州。如果她想去一個新的地方，她只需要找到一個有交通需要的寵物。 她風雨無阻地旅行）”，可知，劃線詞的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故選D。
3．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（當我在路上的時候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很獨立，我強烈地覺得我必須幫助動物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故選C。
【解析】本文是說明文。文章按照時間順序講述了蒸汽時代和電力時代的聯(lián)系。
4．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然沒有人把蒸汽和電力革命的歷史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看來，電力時代和蒸汽時代是有很緊密的聯(lián)系的。故選A。
5．D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（為了編織他的故事，Klein創(chuàng)造了一個人物Ned，它是對美國蒸汽和電力革命在一個人的整個人生中的進程的神奇的見證。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同時，在19世紀，電力從好奇變成了根需。）可知，Ned見證了蒸汽時代和電力革命，所以他應該是生活在19世紀。故選D。
6．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（為了構建他的故事，克萊因創(chuàng)造了奈德這個角色，一個虛構的人物，在一個人的一生中見證了蒸汽和電力革命給美國帶來的進步。這是一種有助于將長篇故事變得有趣的技巧。）可知，這篇文章是一篇書評。故選B。
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了經常鍛煉的中年女性在老年時罹患失智癥的幾率會大大降低。
7．A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智癥） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健康的中年女性在晚年患癡呆癥的可能性要低近90%，而且確實如此，與不太喜歡運動的女性相比，她們患癡呆癥的時間要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身鍛煉的好處。故選A項。
8．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)令人興奮，因為在中年時改善人們的心血管健康可能會延緩甚至防止他們患上癡呆癥。）以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在這項研究中，191名平均年齡為50歲的女性進行了自行車運動測試，直到她們精疲力竭，以測量她們的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做這項實驗的目的是為了測試女性的心血管峰值能力。故選B項。
9．B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.”（這些女性在隨后的四十年里測試了六次失智癥狀況。）可知，此次實驗的數(shù)據(jù)收集是一個長期的過程。故選B項。
10．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智癥） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健康的中年女性在晚年患癡呆癥的可能性要低近90%，而且確實如此，與不太喜歡運動的女性相比，她們患癡呆癥的時間要晚十年。）以及文章后面幾段通過列舉實驗目的、過程、方式、結果等，說明了身體健康的中年女性在老年時患失智癥的幾率會大大降低。故選C項。
【解析】本文是說明文。作者給出了既可以充分利用時間又可以快樂放松的有效建議。
11．F上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一樣，每天都有24小時，但我做了具體的選擇，讓我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快樂和放松)”說明作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍舊感到快樂和輕松，根據(jù)下文段落小標題可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空格處應是承上啟下，F(xiàn)項中的“help you make the most of your time”與上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建議，因此F項“也許這些建議會幫助你充分利用你的時間”符合語境，承上啟下。故選F。
12．D根據(jù)段落標題“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建議挑選最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把時間花在那些對你來說有趣和富有成效的事情上)”說明要挑選一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D項中的“what is meaningful in your life”與標題中的“the most important”一致，下文是對“Make choices”具體解釋。因此推斷D項“選擇你生活中有意義的東西”符合語境。故選D。
13．C上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 許多人瘋狂地試圖弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娛樂等方面度過時間)”說明許多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好時間，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一種結合的方式來享受它們)”說明可以把事情組合在一起享受，因此推斷空格處與上文是轉折關系，說明不要試圖均衡時間，C項“不要試圖在它們之間平衡時間”符合語境。故選C。
14．B空格處為段落小標題。根據(jù)下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能會認為學習需要花費了你更多的時間，但實際上總有一些新的方法可以為你節(jié)省出做日常事務的時間，為你騰出時間去做最重要的事情。尋找在這里或者那里贏回一個小時的新方法)”可推斷，本段講述學習雖然花費很多時間，但總是能有一些方法為你節(jié)省時間做其他事情，因此要做有效的學習者。因此推斷B項“做有效的學習者”為段落標題，故選B。
15．G下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一個小的勝利，累積起來就是一個大的勝利)”說明事情要一件一件去做，G項中的“making lists”與之呼應，因此推斷G項“這就是為什么列清單在任何生產手冊中都很重要的原因”符合語境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改進) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多數(shù)情況下，世界不會因為你沒做完幾件事而走向末日。慶祝進步，不斷改進走向一個快樂而富有成效的存在)”解釋了列出清單一件一件完成任務的原因。故選G。
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。講述了一個遭受眼睛問題之苦的Burdeyney女士積極為研究項目提供幫助以尋求解決方法的故事。
16．D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始有眼睛問題，明顯的干澀和不適。A. throat喉嚨；B. skin皮膚；C. lungs肺；D. eyes眼睛。根據(jù)第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最終Burdeyney女士了解了一項眼睛研究計劃）可知，她有眼睛問題，故選D項。
17．B考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我只是在經歷一段糟糕的體驗。A. get over克服；B. go through經歷；C. hold on堅持；D. pass down傳遞下去。根據(jù)語境可知，她遭受眼睛問題，這是一段糟糕的經歷，故選B項。
18．C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到如此無助和不安，因為我的生活質量受到了影響。A. story故事；B. treatment治療，對待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship關系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活質量自然會被影響，故選C項。
19．A考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似問題的朋友交談并發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的大多數(shù)都在默默地受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多種多樣的；C. personal私人的；D. special特別的。跟與自己有相同問題的人交談并發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，符合語境邏輯，故選A項。
20．D 考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似問題的朋友交談并發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的大多數(shù)都在默默地受苦。A. in turn輪流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒勞地；D. in silence默默地。根據(jù)后句“Nobody chooses to talk about it”（沒有人想談論它）可知，他們很多人保持了沉默，故選D項。
21．C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說沒有人選擇談論它因為這看起來沒有意義。A. unbearable無法忍受的；B. abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant無意義的；D. disturbing擾人的。他們閉口不提的原因很可能是因為無意義，其他三個選項不符合一般邏輯，故選C項。
22．A考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是越來越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危險。A. compromise使陷入危險、妥協(xié)；B. forget遺忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越來越多的人在遭受眼睛問題帶來的痛苦，這屬于健康問題，威脅生命，故選A項。
23．B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終Burdeyney女士了解了一項眼睛研究計劃，這是在以色列特拉維夫大學的一個項目。A. course課程；B. program項目；C. paper紙、論文；D. conference會議。一項研究通常也被稱為一個項目，故選B項。
24．C考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個研究團隊包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已經用干細胞就眼睛護理問題做了開創(chuàng)性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt懷疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根據(jù)語境可知，這位專家在這個團隊中，故選C項。
25．D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個研究團隊包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已經用干細胞就眼睛護理問題做了開創(chuàng)性的工作。A. part-time兼職的；B. controversial有爭議的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-breaking開創(chuàng)性的。根據(jù)后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一絲希望）可知，他是帶來希望的人，是最先做的，他的工作具有開創(chuàng)性，故選D項。
26．A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：看到了一絲希望，Burdeyney女士開始和朋友多倫多商人Meryer一起為這個項目籌集資金。A. money錢；B. standards標準；C. awareness意識；D. questions問題。根據(jù)后文他們籌集了111000美金可知此處指“籌集資金”，故選A項。
27．B考查短語詞義辨析。句意：截至目前，他們已經籌集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依舊、和往常一樣；B. so far目前；C. in return作為回報；D. once again再一次。根據(jù)本句的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，應選擇so far，他們已經籌集了111000美金，故選B項。
28．C考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：截至目前，他們已經籌集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪費；B. donate捐贈；C. expect期待、預期；D. earn贏得。根據(jù)語境目前已經籌集了一筆錢，預期未來還有部分金額，故選C項。
29．D考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Burdeyney說，“我正在努力讓越來越多的人明白有解決辦法”。A. imagine想象；B. confirm確認；C. remember記得；D. understand理解。結合前文很多人默默地受苦是因為看不到希望，所以要讓他們理解辦法是有的，故選D項。
30．A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位受過專業(yè)培訓的護士在退休之后仍然作為私人培訓師在工作。A. retirement退休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation畢業(yè)；D. marriage婚姻。根據(jù)still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，她已經退休了，故選A項。
31．C考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為沒有老的年紀，只有忽視。A. time時間；B. rule規(guī)則；C. age年齡；D. tale傳說。本文主要談論的是上了年齡的人的眼睛問題，故選C項。
32．B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不要呆著保持不動，做點什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still靜止的；C. firm堅定的；D. alone單獨。此處的stand意為“處于某種狀態(tài)”后跟形容詞作表語，呼吁人們采取行動，不要什么都不做，故選B項。
33．D考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Burdeyney補充說她希望為這個項目做得更多。A. comment評論；B. learn學習；C. remind提醒；D. add補充說。前句為她說的話，后面又繼續(xù)說，即為補充說，故選D項。
34．A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是想給人們的眼睛帶來光明，這只是一個開始。A. light光明；B. joy樂趣；C. color顏色；D. beauty美。根據(jù)常識，眼睛是人們識別光的器官，此處一語雙關，只看到的光，也指希望，故選A項。
35．B考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是想給人們的眼睛帶來光明，這只是一個開始。A. future未來；B. beginning開始；C. truth事實；D. meaning意義。根據(jù)后句“There is still a long way to go”（根據(jù)后句話有很長的路要走。）可知，只是開始，故選B項。
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由學者團體發(fā)行的實踐，目的是為了減少學術飛行以應對氣候變化危機。
36．Who/that 考查定語從句。句意：亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一個少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學者中的一員，因為氣候變化，他們正在削減他們的飛機旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且在從句中作主語，應使用關系代詞替代，故填that/who。
37．is viewed/ has been viewed 考查被動語態(tài)。句意：對科學家而言，旅行去參加會議、講座、工作室之類的地方來相聚并交流信息這件事被視為是重要的。描述人們普遍認知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時，此處也可以表示強調人們從過去到現(xiàn)在的認知，動名詞作主語與主謂之間存在被動關系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38．are考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質疑那個想法，推動會議提供更多遠程參加的機會以及為了盡自己的能力來應對氣候變化危機，他們正在改變他們的個人行為。根據(jù)句意可知，此處也應使用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語為復數(shù)，故填are。
39．changing考查時態(tài)。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質疑那個想法，推動會議提供更多遠程參加的機會以及為了盡自己的能力來應對氣候變化危機，他們正在改變他們的個人行為。分析句子結構可知，此處and連接并列的動詞questioning和change，故填changing。
40．roughly考查副詞。句意：例如，在一個叫“無飛行科學家”的網站上，自從兩年前成立以來，大約有200個學者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。此處修飾數(shù)字用副詞roughly“粗略地大約”，故填roughly。
41．have promised考查時態(tài)。句意：例如，在一個叫“無飛行科學家”的網站上，自從兩年前成立以來，大約有200個學者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。根據(jù)時間狀語“since+過去時間”可知主句應使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填have promised。
42．whether/if考查賓語從句。句意：對于她的出席，Cobb開始詢問邀請她的組織者是否可以遠程進行。顯然ask后面出現(xiàn)了一個賓語從句，賓語從句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合語境，故填whether或if。
43．the考查冠詞。句意：大約有四分之三的時間，他們同意了。此處特指Cobb詢問的時間范圍內，故填the。
44．invitation考查名詞。句意：當答案是否定的時候，她拒絕了那個邀請。此處需填入名詞作動詞decline的賓語，故填invitation。
45．to continue考查動詞不定式。句意：他打算繼續(xù)這個實踐。動詞plan后面跟動詞不定式，plan to do sth“計劃做”，故填to continue。





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