?專題14 短文改錯（真題練）
2022全國乙卷
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
體裁：議論文 主題：人與社會 —— 騎自行車的益處
【語篇導讀】作者介紹了騎自行車這項運動可以帶來的好處。
1.【答案】greatly → great
【解析】考查形容詞。句意: 我們都知道騎自行車是一項很好運動。需用形容詞作定語修飾名詞exercise。故將greatly改為great。
2.【答案】 lives → live
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我，壽命最長的人是舞蹈家和騎自行車的人。people是集合名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。故將lives改為live。
3.【答案】在because后加of
【解析】考查介詞。句意：也許是因為新鮮空氣、流暢運動和鍛煉的結(jié)合。because表示“因為”，后面接從句，短語because of表示“因為”，后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名詞短語。故在because后加of。
4.【答案】Whether → If 或Whether → When
【解析】考查狀語從句連接詞。句意：當你騎自行車時候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，該句闡述的是一個事實，需用if或when引導；位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故將Whether改為If或改為When。
5.【答案】they → you
【解析】考查代詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。根據(jù)前一句中的人稱you可知，這里假設(shè)“你”騎自行車，前后人稱應保持一致。故將they改為you。
6.【答案】cause → causing
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。本句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進行時，連詞and連接兩個并列的現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進行時。故將cause改為causing。
7.【答案】去掉have后的been
【解析】考查語態(tài)。句意：看看汽車是如何占領(lǐng)我們的城市的。主語cars與動詞take over之間是主謂關(guān)系，應用主動語態(tài)。故去掉have后的been。
8.【答案】what → which
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：它們經(jīng)常高速行駛，這可能會危及我們的生命。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的一句話，在從句中做主語，應用which 引導。故將what改為which。
9.【答案】were → are
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：還有交通堵塞。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知，本句應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故將were改為are。
10.【答案】bicycle → bicycles
【解析】考查名詞。句意：如果用自行車代替汽車，我們的城市將變得更好。bicycle為可數(shù)名詞，由句中的cars和句意可知，此處應用復數(shù)形式。故將bicycle改為bicycles。

2022全國甲卷
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments was used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not stay out with my friends too late. The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了作者在成長過程中和父親之間關(guān)系的變化及處理分歧的過程。
【詳解】1.【答案】去掉my
【解析】考查短語。句意：當我不上學時，我的爸爸經(jīng)常帶我去他的醫(yī)院。off school為固定短語，表示“不在上學時”，school前面不加任何限定詞。故將my去掉。
2.【答案】was→were
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：他向我展示他的醫(yī)療器械是如何使用的。主語instruments為復數(shù)形式，全文為一般過去時，be動詞用復數(shù)形式were。故將was改為were。
3.【答案】closely→close
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：我對他感覺如此親近。felt為系動詞，后面用形容詞作表語，表示“親近的”，closely為副詞，此處用close。故將closely改為close。
4.【答案】become→became
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：然而，在我上了高中之后，不知怎么的，我開始疏遠他。全文用一般過去時，動詞become應改為過去式became。故將become改為became。
5.【答案】talk前面加to
【解析】考查短語。句意：我不愿意和他交談，經(jīng)常違反他讓我不要在外面待到很晚的規(guī)定。be willing to do意思為：愿意做，為固定短語。故在talk前面加to。
6.【答案】stay→staying
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。of為介詞，后面的動詞stay用動名詞形式staying作賓語。故將stay改為staying。
7.【答案】too→so
【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：這分歧如此尖銳，以至于他和我都不知道如何解決它。固定句型“so…that…”譯為“如此……以至于……”引導結(jié)果狀語從句。故將too改為so。
8.【答案】what→how
【解析】考查副詞。句意同上。此處為“疑問副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)來做動詞knew的賓語。結(jié)合句意，此處表達“如何解決它”，settle it為動賓關(guān)系，此處缺少方式狀語，用how。故將what改為how。
9.【答案】or→and
【解析】考查并列連詞。句意：一天，他和我交談，并且希望修補我們的關(guān)系。根據(jù)語境，“talked with me”與“hoped to mend our relations”為順承、遞進關(guān)系，用and連接。故將or改為and。
10.【答案】all→both
【解析】考查限定詞。句意：在兩方的努力下，我們開始更好地理解對方。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示作者和父親雙方，用both修飾sides，表示兩方，all用于三者及以上。故將all改為both。

2021全國一卷
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【答案】1. dish→dishes
2. tidying→tidy
3. whatever→whenever
4. doing前加from
5. was→is
6. 去掉are
7. most→more
8. mentally→mental
9. our→my
10. hopes→hope
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者對于做家務這件事的看法以及做家務會帶來的好處。
【詳解】1. 考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：飯后我總是幫助父母洗碗。固定短語“do the dishes”譯為“洗餐具”。故將dish改為dishes。
2. 考查動詞。句意：我也給院子里的花澆水，必要時打掃我自己的臥室。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及并列連詞and可知，此處tidy up是并列謂語。根據(jù)上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語第一人稱I，謂語動詞用原型。故將tidying改為tidy。
3. 考查連詞。句意：我也給院子里的花澆水，必要時打掃我自己的臥室。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達“有必要時我也會打掃自己的臥室”，所以用whenever(無論何時)引導讓步狀語從句。故將whatever改為whenever。
4. 考查介詞。句意：在我看來，學生可以從做家務中受益很多。固定短語“benefit......from...... ”譯為“從……中獲益”。故在doing前加from。
5. 考查時態(tài)。句意：首先，做家務有助于我們成為一個負責任的人。根據(jù)全文時態(tài)可知，本文陳述客觀事實需要用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語doing housework為單數(shù)，謂語也用單數(shù)。故將was改為is。
6. 考查動詞。句意：同時，這也給了我們的父母更多的時間去做他們喜歡的事情，改善了家庭關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達“去做他們喜歡的事情”，動詞like譯為“喜歡”滿足句意；所以動詞like前的系動詞are多余。故刪去are。
7. 考查固定搭配。句意：此外，做家務可以是一種從學習中獲得精神放松的方式。固定短語“what’s more”譯為“此外”。故將most改為more。
8. 考查形容詞。句意：同時，這也給了我們的父母更多的時間去做他們喜歡的事情，改善了家庭關(guān)系。修飾名詞relaxation(放松)需要用形容詞。故將mentally改為mental。
9. 考查人稱代詞。句意：這是我對家務的看法。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容以及句意可知，此處表達“這是我對家務的看法”。故將our改為my。
10. 考查祈使句。句意：希望這能激發(fā)更多關(guān)于這個話題的思考！分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，所以動詞hope需要用動詞原形。故將hopes改為hope。

2020全國一卷
Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. My mom told me how to preparing it. First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove， I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. ＂Not that way，＂ my mom tried to stop us but failed. She was right. It didn’t tum out as I had wished.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者做西紅柿炒雞蛋的過程。
【詳解】1.考查形容詞。句意：今天我自己嘗試做一道簡單的菜。根據(jù)名詞dish可知，此處應用形容詞作定語，故將simply改為simple。
2.考查非謂語動詞。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動詞fry與tomatoes之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以此處應用過去分詞作定語，故將frying改為fried。
3.考查情態(tài)動詞用法。句意：并且我認為它一定很簡單。must是情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形，to多余，故將to去掉。
4.考查非謂語動詞。句意：我媽媽告訴我如何準備這道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的賓語，to是不定式符號，后應接動詞原形，故將preparing改為prepare。
5.考查連詞。句意：首先我把西紅柿切成塊，并把它們放在一邊。I cut the tomatoes into pieces與put them aside之間是并列關(guān)系，應使用and連接，故將but改為and。
6.考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗里，然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞，意為“筷子”，通常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，故將chopstick改為chopsticks。
7.考查介詞。句意：之后我把油倒進一個平底鍋，然后開火。根據(jù)I poured oil into a pan及常識可知，把油倒進鍋里后應是打開爐子，所以此處應使用短語turn on，故將off改為n。
8.考查連詞。句意：我耐心等待，直到油燒熱。此處是指“直到”油燒熱，應使用until/till引導時間狀語從句，故將unless改為until/till。
9.考查冠詞。句意：然后我把西紅柿和打好的雞蛋一起放進平底鍋。此處特指上文提到的pan，所以其前應加定冠詞the，故在pan前the。
10.考查代詞。句意：“不是那樣?！蔽业膵寢尡M力阻止我，但是失敗了。根據(jù)上文可知，是作者一個人做菜，此處指媽媽盡力阻止“我”，應使用第一人稱單數(shù)的賓格，故將us改為me。

2019全國一卷
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
【答案】interesting→interested
where→when
football前面加上a
but→and
hardly→hard
surprising→surprise
player→players
say→saying
now→then
去掉my
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了由于一次偶然的經(jīng)歷，自己喜歡上了踢足球。從此成了一名優(yōu)秀球員。
【詳解】1. 考查形容詞用法?！癷nterest（使感興趣；使關(guān)注）”的形容詞有interesting（使人感興趣的）常修飾物；與interested（表現(xiàn)出興趣的）常修飾人。本句的意思為：多虧一個偶然的事件，我對踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣。主語是I，故將interesting改為interested。
2. 考查定語從句。先行詞one afternoon表示時間在定語從句中作狀語，所以關(guān)系詞使用when。故將where改為when。
3. 考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞，前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn)，故在football前加a。
4. 考查連詞。句意：突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我。“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。
5. 考查副詞?！癶ard（努力地；費力地）”與“hardly（幾乎不；幾乎沒有）”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。本句意思為：我擋住足球，并使勁地將它踢回操場。故將hardly改為hard。
6. 考查固定搭配?！皌o one’s + 名詞”在句中表示結(jié)果，“to one’s surprise”意思為“使某人驚訝的是…”。故將surprising改為surprise。
7. 考查名詞的數(shù)?！皃layer（運動員）”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的復數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。
8. 考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句句意：操場上所有的足球運動員大聲歡呼，說我有足球天賦。句中謂語動詞為cheered，say在這里作伴隨狀語。與主語players是主動關(guān)系，故將say改為saying。
9. 考查固定搭配。句意：從那時開始，我放學后跟同學一起踢足球。且“from now on（從現(xiàn)在開始）”后邊句子應該表示從現(xiàn)在開始所發(fā)生動作或存在的情況，不能用一般過去時。此處后面是一般過去時，表示“從那時起”是from then on，故將now改為then。
10. 考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英語表達為“play football”，中間不能加冠詞或者代詞。故將my去掉。

2018全國一卷
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
【分析】本文講述鄉(xiāng)下祖父母家發(fā)生的變化，生活越來越好，我感到幸福，打算每一年回老家一次．
【解答】During my last winter holiday, I went to∧ countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond ∧which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every years, but he agreed．
1．to后面加the．考查冠詞．名詞countryside前邊要加the，這里是特指鄉(xiāng)下．
2．find改成found．考查時態(tài)．根據(jù)時間是去年寒假，所以用過去時．
3．a(chǎn)nother改成other．考查形容詞．根據(jù)句意； 他們和狗，鴨子，以及其他的動物，another是形容詞"其他的"．
4．here改成there．考查副詞．祖父母在鄉(xiāng)下，所以應該是去那里．
5．chicken改成chickens．考查名詞的數(shù)．chicken作為"雞"講是可數(shù)名詞．所以用復數(shù)形式．
6．加in which或者where．考查定語從句，先行詞為pond，在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where或in which引導．
7．sell改成selling．考查動名詞，介詞by后跟動名詞作賓語．
8．happily改成happy．考查形容詞，作felt的表語，用形容詞．
9．去掉return后面的for，every two years每兩年，為固定搭配，不加for．
10．but改成and．考查連詞，前后句子是并列關(guān)系，所以用and連接．

2017全國一卷
In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
【分析】本文主要講述作者第一次學開車的經(jīng)歷．由于緊張，弄不清左右，好在幾分鐘后，駕駛教練要作者停車，作者才輕松下來，但停在了路中間．
【解答】In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard∧first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
【詳解】
1．eighteen改為eighteenth 考查數(shù)詞．此處應是第十八個生日，用序數(shù)詞．
2．how hard后加the或my 考查冠詞或代詞．序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞the．或我學車的第一天，用形容詞性物主代詞．
3．so改為but/yet 考查連詞．前后兩個單句表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用連詞but/yet．
4．goes改為went 考查動詞時態(tài)． 全文講述的是已發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時．
5．word改為words 考查名詞復數(shù)．word的基本意思是"單詞"，指語言中能獨立存在的最小表意單位，也可指"（說的）話，話語，言語，談話"等，是可數(shù)名詞，此時要用復數(shù)形式．
6．Turning改為Turn 考查祈使句．“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”這些屬于祈使句，要用動詞原形．
7．去掉much 考查固定搭配．so…that…意為"如此/這么…以致于…"，句型中的so是副詞，常常用來修飾形容詞或副詞，常用句型為：主語+謂語+so+adj./adv.+that從句．已有副詞so，much是多余的，要去掉．
8．late改為later 考查副詞．later用于一段具體時間之后，表示從過去或?qū)硭闫鸬亩嚅L時間以后，但通常不指從現(xiàn)在算起的多久以后．
9．suddenly改為sudden 考查形容詞．stop是名詞，要用形容詞修飾．
10．on改為of 考查介詞．in the middle of意為"正在…當中； 在…的中部"，是固定搭配．

2016全國一卷
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【分析】改錯題要注意代詞，連詞以及詞性、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)化．
做好短文改錯題，可以從以下三方面去考慮：1．快速閱讀短文，如抓住中心思想，從整體上對短文有個了解． 2．充分運用語言的基礎(chǔ)知識，從句型結(jié)構(gòu)、詞的變化、詞類選擇、詞的搭配、習慣用法出發(fā)，進行分析判斷，盡快找出錯誤在何處． 3．重視整體和語境，從上下文關(guān)系中找出表達連接關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系的詞或詞組，判斷是遞進關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是讓步關(guān)系．
【解答】
71．that→where My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live．此處缺少賓語，表示地點——靠近我住的地方，要用where，不用that．
72．but去掉 考查連詞，though表示雖然，在英文中，不與but連用，只用though即可，因而去掉but．
73．had→have 全段主要時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，是對一般情況的描述，had to 改為have to．
74．honest→honesty 關(guān)鍵句the key to his Success is honest（他成功的關(guān)鍵是誠實），誠實為名詞形式，故改為honesty．
75．or→and 考查連詞，此處沒有選擇關(guān)系，應用and，意為"每天都要保證用新鮮的蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的油"．
76．using→used 這里是表示"被用來"，為被動語態(tài)，應用used．
77．becoming前加of dream是不及物動詞，后要加介詞of，表示"夢想什么"．
78．the→a 這里是泛指"短時間內(nèi)"，應是in a short period of time．
79．our→his 名詞所有格使用錯誤．飯店為他所有，應是his．
80．steady→steadily grow是動詞，表示增長，應用副詞修飾，故用steadily．

2015全國一卷
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.
【分析】改錯題要注意代詞，連詞以及詞性、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)化．
做好短文改錯題，可以從以下三方面去考慮：1．快速閱讀短文，如抓住中心思想，從整體上對短文有個了解． 2．充分運用語言的基礎(chǔ)知識，從句型結(jié)構(gòu)、詞的變化、詞類選擇、詞的搭配、習慣用法出發(fā)，進行分析判斷，盡快找出錯誤在何處． 3．重視整體和語境，從上下文關(guān)系中找出表達連接關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系的詞或詞組，判斷是遞進關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是讓步關(guān)系．
【解答】
1．think→thought 我認為在那兒很快樂．時態(tài)用法錯誤．這里用一般過去時，表示"過去認為"．
2．in后面加冠詞the in the countryside為常用短語，意為"在鄉(xiāng)村，在農(nóng)村，在鄉(xiāng)下"，因此名詞countryside之前應該添加冠詞the．
3．or→and 根據(jù)語境"空氣干凈，并且山是綠的"可知，并列連詞or使用錯誤，應改為and．
4．on→with with the development of為介詞短語，意為"隨著…的發(fā)展"，故文中的介詞on使用錯誤，應改為with．
5．have been shown→have shown 該句的主語Lots of studies是動作的發(fā)出者，因此句子應使用主動語態(tài)，需要刪除been．句意：許多研究表明．主語與動詞為主動關(guān)系，這里不需要用被動語態(tài)．解析：考查語態(tài)．此處表示"研究表明"，所以用主動語態(tài)．
6．seriously→serious 名詞problem之前應使用形容詞作定語，故副詞seriously錯誤，應改為形容詞serious．句意：全球變暖已經(jīng)成為嚴重的問題．
7．a(chǎn)irs→air 考查名詞的數(shù)．a(chǎn)ir為物質(zhì)名詞，"空氣"是不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復數(shù)形式．
8．Much→Many 修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)animals應用many，因此句中的Much應改為Many．句意：許多罕見的動物已經(jīng)消失．
9．found→find 根據(jù)常識可知，情態(tài)動詞must之后應該接動詞原形，故found改為find．
10．your→our/the 根據(jù)主語we和上下文語境可知，形容詞性物主代詞your使用錯誤，應改為our，也可改為定冠詞the（environment在此處表示特指）．
2014全國一卷
Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden. Since then --- for all these year --- we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
【分析】改錯題要注意代詞，連詞以及詞性、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)化．
做好短文改錯題，可以從以下三方面去考慮：1．快速閱讀短文，如抓住中心思想，從整體上對短文有個了解． 2．充分運用語言的基礎(chǔ)知識，從句型結(jié)構(gòu)、詞的變化、詞類選擇、詞的搭配、習慣用法出發(fā)，進行分析判斷，盡快找出錯誤在何處． 3．重視整體和語境，從上下文關(guān)系中找出表達連接關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系的詞或詞組，判斷是遞進關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，是因果關(guān)系還是讓步關(guān)系．
【解答】Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I
ago of

planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果） in our back garden. Since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As∧result, the
years have a
plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There
everywhere tasty
are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato
many
plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or
去掉but或改為yet
insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
wonderful
【詳解】
1. before改為ago. 表示"多久以前"的固定結(jié)構(gòu)為"時段+ago"所以題意中"五年前"應為"five years ago"；
2. by改為of. "在某人的幫助下"固定搭配為"with the help of sb."；
3. year改為years. 前面限定詞"these"提示表達的意思為"這些年"故year用復數(shù)形式y(tǒng)ears；
4. had改為have. 該句時間提示"since then"為自那以來，故該句應用現(xiàn)在完成進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為"have been doing sth."；
5. As和result之間加a. 這里考查固定搭配"as a result"表示"因此"；
6. somewhere改為everywhere. 該句意思為"圣女果四處繁殖"somewhere意為"某處"，而everywhere意為"到處，四處，各處"；
7. taste改為tasty. 該處要表達意思為"圣女果雖小但汁多且味美"由and連接的并列成分前一個用的是形容詞 juicy，故其后也該用形容詞tasty；
8. much改為many. 這里指的是圣女果，是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，故應該用many；
9. 去掉but或改為yet. 表示"盡管…但是…"時although無法與but同時使用，但although可以與表示轉(zhuǎn)折的yet連用；
10. wonderfully改為wonderful. 這里修飾的是tomatoes，故應該用形容詞wonderful作定語．

2013全國一卷
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. In a fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
【分析】文章講述了作者對祖父母的回憶．祖母過去常常把作者抱在大腿上，唱一些古老的歌曲．可惜作者四歲時，祖母就去世了；作者也清楚地記得祖父的樣子：高個，寬肩，白胡子．聲音渾厚，強壯有力．有時還會嚇到作者的小伙伴，但在作者心中，祖父是一位最慈祥的人．
【解答】
I hardly remember my grandmother. She used to holding me on her knees and
hold
sing old songs. I was only four when she passes away. She is just a distant memory
passed
for me now.
I remember my grandfather very much. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a
well / clearly shoulders
beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. He had a deep voice, which
to / into
set himself apart from others in our small town, ∧he was
strong and powerful. In a
him and 去掉a
fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do
when
homework with me. However, he was the gentlest man I have never known.
ever
1．holding改為hold．句中used to do something，表示"過去常常"，是特殊的情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形．
2．passes改為passed．該句描述的是過去的事實，要用一般過去時態(tài)．
3．much 改為well．very much 很多；一般修飾數(shù)量多少；very well 很好；一般修飾動詞．此句是對remember這個動詞的修飾，要用very well．
4．shoulder改為shoulders．shoulder此處指的是雙肩，要用復數(shù)．
5．toward改為into．句意表達的是胡須由黑變白了，from…into…由…變成…；toward表示方向．
6．himself改為him．謂語動詞為set，賓語可直接用名詞的賓格；set…apart from…有別與，與…不同．
7．加and．該句由兩個單句構(gòu)成，前一個單句中帶有非限制性定語從句．兩個單句需要用并列連詞連接，此處根據(jù)句意應用and．
8．去掉a．固定短語，in fact 事實上，實際上．
9．during 改為when．題干中前后都是句子，要用連詞；during介詞，在…期間，要改為連詞when．
10．never改成ever．句意表達的是肯定．never 意為從未有過；ever意為曾經(jīng)，在任何時候．

2012全國一卷
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That’s it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.
【分析】文章大意：從小我學會了要更加耐心，更加好爭斗．從四歲到六歲，我毀壞了我所有的玩具．后來父母發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題所在，不再給我買玩具．父母對我的懲罰持續(xù)了一年，同時我發(fā)現(xiàn)耐心一點就能讓我的玩具持續(xù)久一點．從此我的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化．
【解答】I learned early in life that I had to be morepatient and little aggressive. From
less
the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I
toys
was happy when the toys worked, but when things did∧wrong, I got angry and
went/或者加go
broke it. For a while∧parents bought me new toys. But before long they began
them my
to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my
what tore
father said, “That’s it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year.
for
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
could/might
My attitude changed from then on.
1．little改為less 考查副詞的用法．根據(jù)文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑釁性．此處less修飾形容詞．
2．toy改為toys 考查名詞的單復數(shù)形式． 根據(jù)each of 可知，應該是我的玩具中的每一個，故用復數(shù)形式toys．
3．did改為went或者did 后加go 考查固定短語的表達法．考查短語go wrong意為：出錯．
4．it改為them 考查代詞指代一致．此處前文指toys，所以后用them．
5．在parents前加my．考查代詞的用法．parents bought me new toys．此處my和me對應．英語中需前后一致，my．
6．which改為what 考查名詞性從句的連接詞．此處what作賓語從句的主語，句意：看所發(fā)生是一切．
7．tear改為tore 考查動詞時態(tài)． 通過觀察整個文章的時態(tài)以及my fifth birthday可知，此處用一般過去時．
8．to改為for 考查介詞的用法．此處意為：不再給你買玩具了．toys for sb意為：給某人的玩具．
9．must改為could/might 考查情態(tài)動詞．根據(jù)文意：擁有更多的耐心，我就能使玩具使用的更久．
10．去掉last前的to 考查不定式作賓語補足語．解題關(guān)鍵：make sb/sth do，此處make作"使"解，其后接不帶to的不定式作賓補．

2021全國二卷
Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are：Who will you go in times of trouble? Here are the results. Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own. Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others. They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
1.are→is
2.go后加to
3.friend→friends
4.刪除turn后的out
5.little→few
6.our→their
7.talk→talking
8.kept→keep
9.where→when/whenever
10.mostly→most
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了關(guān)于學生在碰到問題后的解決方式的問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果。
1.考查主謂一致。句意：其中的一個問題是：你遇到麻煩時會去找誰？one of the +名詞復數(shù)，意為“……之一”，為單數(shù)含義，所以其后的系動詞應用單數(shù)。結(jié)合句意，此處指問卷調(diào)查中的一個問題，所以為客觀事實，時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故are改為is。
2.考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意同上。短語go to sb.“求助于某人”相當于短語turn to sb. for help。故go后加to。
3.考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：許多同學說他們會和他們的朋友說或同學講，因為他們是同齡人，能彼此理解。friend“朋友”為可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合句中their，所以此處要用復數(shù)。故friend改為friends。
4.考查固定短語。句意：一些說他們會向他們的父母或老師求助。固定短語turn to sb. for help，意為“向某人求助”，所以此處刪除介詞out。故刪除turn后的out。
5.考查代詞。句意：只有一些人選擇自己解決問題。結(jié)合上文“Many students say...”及“Some will turn...”可知，此處指一些學生。student為可數(shù)名詞，應用a few代指。a little通常代指不可數(shù)名詞。故little改為few。
6.考查代詞。句意同上。短語on one’s own，意為“獨自”，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指學生們獨自完成，所以要用代詞their。故our改為their。
7.考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們的答案也表明他們不喜歡和其他人說。固定短語dislike doing sth.，意為“不喜歡做某事”，doing為動名詞作賓語。故talk改為talking。
8.考查時態(tài)。句意：他們很自閉。結(jié)合前文可知，文章的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。所以此處的kept改為keep。故kept改為keep。
9.考查連詞。句意：在我看來，當我們有麻煩時（無論什么時候我們有麻煩時），我們應該從我們最相信的人們那里尋求幫助。分析可知，本句為含有狀語從句的復合句。主句為we should seek help...，從句表示的含義為無論什么時候我們有麻煩或者當我們有麻煩時，所以應用when/whenever引導。故where改為when/whenever。
10.考查副詞。句意同上。副詞mostly，意為“大多數(shù)”；most意為“最”，此處指最相信的人，指程度。故mostly改為most。

2020全國二卷
Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. I’m surely you’ll have a good time. Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice. Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day. Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. See you sooner.
【答案】1.what→which
2.come后加to
3.surely→sure
4.start→started
5.for→but / yet
6.vacations→vacation
7.such→so
8.去掉on
9.yours→your / you
10.sooner→soon
【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章作者給他的朋友回信。很高興聽說他的朋友在學功夫，也很期待能和他一起學習中國功夫。
【詳解】1.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：謝謝你的來信，你的信真正讓我開心。分析句子，逗號后的從句為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞your letter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，that不能引導非限制性定語從句。故將what改為which.
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高興知道你來中國在我家鄉(xiāng)的一所學校學習功夫。分析句子，此處come為不及物動詞，后接賓語是需加相應介詞。come to 譯為“來到”是故定短語。故在come 和China之間加to。
3. 考查形容詞。句意：我相信你會玩得很開心的。分析句子，此處be動詞am后面需用形容詞作表語。故將surely改為sure。
4.考查時態(tài)。句意：事實上，我七歲時就開始學功夫了。分析句子，此處動詞start講述的是7歲的時候，動詞應該用過去時。故將start改為started。
5.考查連詞。句意：但我早就不練習了。分析句子，此處前句提到“我7歲開始學功夫”，后句提到“很久沒有練習了”。此處前后應是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將for改為but / yet。
6.考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意：幸運的是，兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子，vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數(shù)名詞，后面不可加s表示復數(shù)。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。
7.考查副詞。句意：然后我就可以抽出時間重新學習它，這樣我們就可以每天一起練習。分析句子，此處應表示“以便；所以”。故將such改為so.
8.考查介詞。句意：我們就可以每天一起練習。介詞on后接的是具體時間。every day 譯為“每一天”，前不能用有任何介詞修飾。故on多余，應去掉。
9.考查代詞。句意：祝你在中國學習功夫好運。分析句子，best luck of you 譯為“祝你好運”是固定短語。故將your改為you。/句中的yours為名詞性物主代詞，不可修飾后面的動名詞。故將yours改為your。
10.考查固定短語。句意：希望盡快見到你。See you soon 譯為“希望盡快見到你”，是固定短語。此處不需用比較級。故將sooner改為soon。

2019全國二卷
Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision. One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】job→jobs
coolly→cool
five→fifth
too→very/so
chemistry后面加上in/at
or→and
They→There
amazing→amazed
去掉more
is→was
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了從小到大自己的職業(yè)夢想隨著求學經(jīng)歷不斷改變的過程。
【詳解】1. 考查名詞的數(shù)?！癹ob（工作；職業(yè)）”為可數(shù)名詞，用different（不同的）修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應該用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。
2. 考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked（看起來…樣）”為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。
3. 考查序數(shù)詞。年級、班級是按數(shù)字順序排列的，所以“在幾年級”中的數(shù)詞需要用序數(shù)詞。故將five改為fifth。
4. 考查副詞。句意：在五年級的時候，因為我非常喜歡我的英語老師，所以我想變成一名老師。“so much”在句中一般表達肯定意思，可與that連用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多，一般與to搭配，表達否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句話表達肯定意思，非常so much 或very much，故將too改為very/so。
5. 考查介詞?！霸诟咧小毙枰媒樵~in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。
6. 考查連詞。句意：在高中學化學的時候，我重新考慮了自己的目標并決定變成一名醫(yī)生。 “重新考慮”與“決定變成一名醫(yī)生”之間是順承關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系。故將or改為and。
7. 考查there be句型。句意：有兩個原因可以解釋這個決定。句中的they在前邊句中找不到指代關(guān)系，且后邊句子中的one與the other是對這兩個原因的解釋。故將they改為there。
8. 考查形容詞用法。“amaze（使驚奇；使驚愕）”形容詞形式有amazed（大為驚奇）與amazing（令人大為驚奇的）。本句話中主語為I，句意:病人看完醫(yī)生就會感覺好很多，對此我感到驚奇，而不是我令別人驚奇。故將amazing改為amazed。
9. 考查形容詞比較級。句中better為well（健康；身體好）的比較級形式，多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成比較級用more 加形容詞或副詞，即more不能與berrer連用。故將more去掉。
10. 考查一般過去時。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時，且與最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應為一般過去時。講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。

2018全國二卷
When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【分析】本文講述我小的時候，星期五晚上是我們家的游戲之夜．直到上了高中，我才意識到我的父母是多么的正確．我父母在我小時候教我的游戲后來證明對我以后的生活很有用．
【解答】When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I∧ unwiling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life．
1． Friday’s改成Friday．考查固定搭配，F(xiàn)riday和night不是所屬關(guān)系，所以不用名詞所有格，直接用名詞作定語．
2． sort改成sorts．考查固定搭配，all sorts of各種各樣的．
3． the改成a．考查冠詞，泛指用不定冠詞，此處泛指一個小孩．
4． watching改成watch．考查不定式，ask to do要求做，前面有to，所以用動詞原形．
5． 去掉to．考查情態(tài)動詞，would do "過去常常做"．
6． us改成me．考查人稱代詞，指代I，作賓語，所以用me．
7． I后面加was．考查固定搭配，be unwilling to do不愿意做，描述小時候，所以用過去式．
8． for改成with．考查介詞，表示"和…一起"，用介詞with．
9． are改成were．考查時態(tài)，描述過去的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)．
10．where改成when．考查句意，表示"當我小的時候"，用when引導時間狀語從句．

2017全國二卷
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables!
【分析】本文主要講述張先生夫婦在作者學校工作. 他們離學校遠，每天要花一個半小時到學校. 業(yè)余時間則在屋頂花園種植蔬菜，到網(wǎng)上查找有用的信息.
【解答】Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students∧pick the vegetables!
詳解：
1. all改為both或去掉all. 考查代詞. Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是兩個人，用both. all指三人及以上，或去掉all.
2. a改為an或one. 考查冠詞. hour是可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)形式前加不定冠詞表示泛指，因其讀音以發(fā)元音開頭，用不定冠詞an.
3. interesting改為interested. 考查過去分詞. be interested in意為"對…感興趣"，是固定搭配.
4. that改為which. 考查定語從句. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這是一個定語從句，先行詞garden在從句中作主語，用關(guān)系代詞which.
5. earlier改為early. 考查詞語用法. 此處沒有比較對象，要用副詞原級.
6. 去掉for. 考查詞語用法. buy是及物動詞，后接名詞作賓語時不需要加介詞for，要去掉.
7. beside改為besides. 考查副詞. beside意為"在…旁邊；在…附近"，是介詞，besides意為"而且，也"，是副詞，此處應是：而且，也.
8. informations改為information. 考查名詞. information是不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復數(shù)形式.
9. came改為comes. 考查動詞時態(tài). 此處是一般事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài).
10. 加to 考查動詞不定式. invite sb. to do sth. 意為"邀請某人做某事"，動詞不定式作賓語補足語.

2016全國二卷
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
【分析】本文主要講述了釋放工作壓力的方法．首先要學會識別出比較重要的以及不是那么重要的工作，然后先去處理你感覺最重要的工作，使自己獲得成就感；由于大多數(shù)人通常在早晨比晚些時候要更專注于我們的工作，因此要盡可能在午飯前富有成效的完成工作，以便使自己獲得自信心；另外，研究表明：如果我們能進行定期地短暫的休息，使我們的身體和大腦得到充分地休息，會提高我們的工作效率；最后指出：無論在工作之余做什么，都要確保它能把自己從日常生活的壓力中解脫出來，而不是又添了另一件令自己擔憂的事．
【解答】答案：
61．greater 由于and之后的less使用的是little的比較級，并且根據(jù)并列連詞and連接的前后兩部分在形式上應保持一致，所以great也要使用比較級形式greater，意為"比較重要的以及不是那么重要的工作"；故填greater
62．a(chǎn)chievement 此處的"a real sense of"意為：一種真正的…；通常用作定語來修飾名詞；而此處achieve的名詞形式是在它的后面加ment，由于它是不可數(shù)名詞，它的后面不能加s；故填achievement
63．is 通讀全文可知，整篇文章使用的都是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以此處也應該使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；由于此處的主語是一個句子"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow把不那么重要的事情留到明天做"，因此謂語動詞用第三人稱的單數(shù)形式，故填is
64．on "be focus on"是固定的短語，意為"專注于"；故填on
65．a(chǎn)s "as…as possible"為固定的表達，意為：盡可能..的干某事；故填as
66．studies 分析句意可知，此處的study是可數(shù)名詞"研究"的意思；根據(jù)它后面的謂語動詞show使用了原形可知，主語應該是復數(shù)形式，故填studies
67．regularly regular是形容詞：有規(guī)律的；該空缺處用來修飾動詞短語take short breaks"短暫的休息"，所以應使用它的副詞形式，意為：進行定期地短暫的休息；故填regularly
68．a(chǎn) "for a while"是固定的短語，意為"一會兒"；故填a
69．to bring 此處be less likely to do是固定的短語，意為：不太可能干某事；故填to bring
70．make 此處是表示給某人提建議，是省略了主語you的祈使句，因此謂語動詞要使用動詞原形；意為：要確保它能把你從日常生活的壓力中解脫出來，而不是又添了另一件令你擔憂的事．故填make

2015全國二卷
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
【分析】本文主要講述Tony和父母一起到商店購物，與父母走失了，后在一位婦女的指導下，看到了他的父母.
【解答】One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw∧parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
詳解：
1. parent改為parents 考查名詞復數(shù). 結(jié)合下文的"his parents were missing"可知托尼是和爸爸媽媽一起去購物的，因此應用復數(shù)形式parents.
2. on改為in 考查介詞. 結(jié)合生活常識可知，這里表示在商店櫥窗里擺放著一個玩具，故應用in.
3. 去掉very 考查固定搭配. so…that…意為"如此/這么…以致于…"，句型中的so是副詞，常常用來修飾形容詞或副詞，常用句型為：主語+謂語+so+adj. /adv. +that從句.
4. looks改為looking 考查動名詞. 介詞after后接動詞時要用動名詞形式.
5. where改為that或者去掉where 考查連詞. 本句中連詞that引導的從句充當動詞found的賓語，that不作句子成分只起連接作用，同時賓語從句又可以省略掉連詞that. 而where引導賓語從句時，在從句中作地點狀語，有"在哪里"的意思.
6. begun改為began 考查動詞時態(tài). 這里是對過去發(fā)生的事情的客觀敘述，應用一般過去時.
7. telling改為told 考查動詞時態(tài). and后tell和saw一起做并列謂語，而并非和crying并列做賓補.
8. a改為the 考查冠詞. 同一名詞第二次提到應表示特指用定冠詞.
9. 加his 考查代詞. 此處parents并不是表示泛指而是指托尼的爸爸媽媽，名詞parents前缺少限定詞.
10. terrible改為terribly 考查副詞. 修飾形容詞worried應用副詞.


2014全國二卷
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
【分析】本文為記敘文，題材是人物故事類．講述了一位不知名的少年騎車追還失主手提箱的故事．
【解答】
61．being 考查非謂語．介詞后用動名詞做賓語．worry about doing，考查介詞后接doing動名詞形式；
62．a(chǎn)nd 考查連詞．a(chǎn)nd連接兩個句子，表示順承關(guān)系．很明顯，兩句之間需連詞相連接，通過前后句意關(guān)系，many people waiting和looked very anxious判斷，屬并列關(guān)系．
63．disappointed 考查非謂語．表示人的內(nèi)心活動，應使用﹣ed分詞演變來的形容詞，這里指他們看起來既焦慮又失望．look為感官半系動詞，連接形容詞，表人狀態(tài)，故用﹣ed形式；
64．to 考查介詞．考查next to介詞短語搭配，意為"挨著，靠近"，比較簡單，整體充當a place的后置定語；
65．caught 考查非謂語．全文是敘述一件往事，以一般過去時為主，故這里應使用catch的過去式．此空首先考慮確實謂語動詞形式，結(jié)合全文，表示瞬間動作，吸引了我的注意力，所以填一般過去時態(tài)，中等難度．
66．to stop 考查非謂語．表示"拒絕做某事"時，refuse后接不定式做賓語．考查refuse動詞的搭配，refuse to do，難度簡單；
67．riding 考查非謂語．表示"繼續(xù)（不間斷地）做某事"時，要用keep doing sth.，相當于continue doing sth…考查keep doing，強調(diào)一直持續(xù)在做，難度簡單；
68．Did 考查助動詞．句尾的問號提示該句尾疑問句，"丟失"是發(fā)生在過去的動作，故應使用助動詞did．通過asked，表明詢問，結(jié)合語境中l(wèi)ast stop，應使用一般過去時態(tài)，請注意大寫；
69．me/mine 考查代詞．該句既可以用賓格me表示"是我（丟了手提箱）"，也可以用名詞性物主代詞mine表示"那是我的手提箱．此空答案可理解為兩種回答方式，一是我丟了，回答It’s me．二是回答是我的suitcase，所以可回答It’s mine．所以按照不同理解可有以上兩種答案．

2013全國二卷
The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain. It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. Have tea in the late agternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. This custom soon becomes another meal of day. Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain (瓷器) industry. Tea in China was traditionally drank from cupswithout handles. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
【分析】文章介紹了英國下午茶的起源．十九世紀初，英國人在午餐和晚餐之間喝下午茶，漸漸地成為一種習慣．有趣的是，這和英國的瓷器工業(yè)有關(guān)．中國傳統(tǒng)的茶杯是沒有把的，當茶在英國流行起來的時候，為了迎合英國人的習慣，人們迫切需要大量的好茶杯，這就促進了瓷器工業(yè)的發(fā)展．
【解答】The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.
去掉
It is said to have started in the early 1800’s.
Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,
having
that might not be served until 8o’clock at night.
which
This custom soon becomes another meal of∧day.
became 加the
Interesting, it had a connection by the British porcelain（瓷器）industry.
Interestingly with/to
Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.
drunk
When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to
cups
suit British habits. This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.
growth
【詳解】
1．去掉of．read是及物動詞，直接接賓語．
2．have改為having．句中have tea in the afternoon是充當provides的主語，要用動名詞．
3．that改為which．句子之間有逗號分隔，是一個非限制性定語從句，不能用that引導．
4．becomes改為became．文章講述的是過去是事，要用一般過去時態(tài)．
5．加the．day可數(shù)名詞，要用限定詞，表達抽象的時間．
6．Interesting改為Interestingly．修飾整個句子要用副詞．
7．by改為with或to．搭配短語have a connection with/to sth與某物有聯(lián)系．
8．drank改為drunk．句子表達的是被動，要用過去分詞．drink的過去分詞是drunk．
9．cup改為cups．cup杯子，可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指需要很多茶杯，要用復數(shù)．
10．grow改為growth．grow前面后定冠詞，說明是名詞，充當介詞for的賓語．grow的名詞是growth增長，成長．

2012全國二卷
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “That’s it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.
【分析】文章大意：從小我學會了要更加耐心，更加好爭斗．從四歲到六歲，我毀壞了我所有的玩具．后來父母發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題所在，不再給我買玩具．父母對我的懲罰持續(xù)了一年，同時我發(fā)現(xiàn)耐心一點就能讓我的玩具持續(xù)久一點．從此我的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化．
【解答】I learned early in life that I had to be morepatient and little aggressive. From
less
the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I
toys
was happy when the toys worked, but when things did∧wrong, I got angry and
went/或者加go
broke it. For a while∧parents bought me new toys. But before long they began
them my
to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my
what tore
father said, “That’s it. No more toys to you.” My punishment lasted a year.
for
Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last.
could/might
My attitude changed from then on.
1．little改為less 考查副詞的用法．根據(jù)文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑釁性．此處less修飾形容詞．
2．toy改為toys 考查名詞的單復數(shù)形式． 根據(jù)each of 可知，應該是我的玩具中的每一個，故用復數(shù)形式toys．
3．did改為went或者did 后加go 考查固定短語的表達法．考查短語go wrong意為：出錯．
4．it改為them 考查代詞指代一致．此處前文指toys，所以后用them．
5．在parents前加my．考查代詞的用法．parents bought me new toys．此處my和me對應．英語中需前后一致，my．
6．which改為what 考查名詞性從句的連接詞．此處what作賓語從句的主語，句意：看所發(fā)生是一切．
7．tear改為tore 考查動詞時態(tài)． 通過觀察整個文章的時態(tài)以及my fifth birthday可知，此處用一般過去時．
8．to改為for 考查介詞的用法．此處意為：不再給你買玩具了．toys for sb意為：給某人的玩具．
9．must改為could/might 考查情態(tài)動詞．根據(jù)文意：擁有更多的耐心，我就能使玩具使用的更久．
10．去掉last前的to 考查不定式作賓語補足語．解題關(guān)鍵：make sb/sth do，此處make作"使"解，其后接不帶to的不定式作賓補．

2020全國三卷
My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families. In order to make surely all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us. For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things, we may become ill.
But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.
】
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講了作者的媽媽堅持讓全家人吃健康食物，確保每個人身體好。一開始，家人有些排斥。在母親的堅持下，我充滿感激地接受了母親的好意。
【詳解】第一處：考查固定短語。句意：我的媽媽真的關(guān)心我們家庭里每個人的健康。be concerned with關(guān)心，該短語是固定短語，所以concerning改成concerned。
第二處：考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意同上。family當“家庭”講時，是集合名詞，這里表示“我們一個家庭”，所以用單數(shù)，families改成family。
第三處：考查固定短語。句意：為了確保我們所有人身體好，她為我們制定了特殊的計劃。 make sure確保，該短語是固定短語，所以surely改成sure。
第四處：考查簡單句。句意同上。這是一個簡單句，前面in order to…作目的狀語，不用連詞and，所以去掉and。
第五處：考查冠詞。句意：例如：每天早晨，我的父親不得不喝一碗雞蛋湯，然而，我不得不吃一個蘋果。泛指“一碗雞蛋湯”，bowl以輔音音素開頭，用不定冠詞a，所以the改成a。
第六處：考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語every morning，可知這里表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為I，謂語動詞要用原形。所以had改成have。
第七處：考查主謂一致。句意：我爸爸不喜歡湯，我也不喜歡蘋果。表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語my dad是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以don’t改成doesn’t。
第八處：考查固定句型。句意：我告訴我媽媽，如果我們被迫吃東西，我們可能會生病。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。
第九處：考查代詞。句意：但是她堅持讓我們吃健康的食物。文中指“我的媽媽”，是女性，所以he改成she。
第十處：考查定語從句。句意：出于對媽媽好意的理解，我滿懷感激地吃著媽媽提供的所有食物。這里含有一個定語從句，先行詞是all the food，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，可用that或which，先行詞被all所修飾，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引導定語從句，所以what改成that。

2019全國三卷
I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is to opens a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe have a special theme such as like "Tang Dynasty". In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
【答案】opens→open
required→requires
ordinarily→ordinary
cafe后面加上to
去掉like
yourselves→themselves
what→that/which
manage→managing
city→cities
an→a
【解析】
【詳解】1. 本句考查不定式的用法。不定式做表語，to后用動詞原形。故把 opens改為 open。2. 本句考查動詞的時態(tài)。短文的主體時態(tài)都是現(xiàn)代時。故把 required改為 requires。3. 本句考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞cafe，應用形容詞。ordinarily 是副詞。故把 ordinarily改為 ordinary。
4. 本句考查動詞的固定搭配。want sb to do sth“ 想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。5. 本句考查介詞的用法。such as和like都是用來舉例子，重復了。故把like刪除。6. 本句考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。7. 本句考查定語從句。先行詞environment 在從句中做主語，指物，關(guān)系代詞用that/which。故 把what改為that/which。8. 本句考查動詞的固定搭配。succeed in doing something“成功的做了某事”。故把manage 改為managing。
9. 本句考查名詞的用法。many different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。
10. 本句考查冠詞的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在輔音因素前。unique是以輔音音素開頭的單詞，前用a。故把an改為a。

2018全國三卷
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.[來
【分析】本文講述我想起父親的話"教室是一個學習的地方，包括從課本中學習，也包括錯誤．"克服害羞心理，在寫作課上朗讀自己的文章．
【解答】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager ∧take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well. Immediate, I raised my hand．
1．begin改為begun，考查時態(tài)，用過去分詞和had構(gòu)成過去完成時態(tài)．
2．wait改為waiting，考查現(xiàn)在分詞，句子主語和wait自己是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語．
3．a(chǎn)nd改為or，考查連詞，表示他或她的，所以用or連接．
4．eager后面加to，考查固定搭配，be eager to do sth急切地想做某事．
5．myself改為my，考查形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞．
6．去掉that，考查固定搭配，be afraid to do sth不敢做某事．
7．larger改為large，考查形容詞，a large group of people一大群人．
8．include改為includes，考查主謂一致，主語為that，所以用第三人稱單數(shù)謂語．
9．mistake改為mistakes，考查名詞的數(shù)，mistake為可數(shù)名詞，所以用復數(shù)泛指．
10．immediate改為immediately，考查副詞，修飾動詞用副詞．

2017全國三卷
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time; car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【分析】短文主要講了作者通過一張照片回憶起了高中的許多美好時光．
【解答】
When I look at this picture of myself. I realize of how fast time flies. I had
have
grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. About one month
but
after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new
taken became
member of the school music club. Around me in∧picture are the things they were
this/the that/which
very important in my life at that time; car magazines and musical instruments. I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and
different
collecting the late music albums. This picture often brings back to me many happy
latest
memories of your high school days.
my
1．of去掉，考查從句的用法，realize是及物動詞后接賓語從句，因此不用of．
2．had改為have，考查時態(tài)，句中有時間狀語 in the past few years，表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應使用現(xiàn)在完成時．
3．a(chǎn)nd改為but，考查固定搭配，not only…but also"不僅…，而且"．
4．took改為taken，考查被動語態(tài)，photo與take構(gòu)成被動的關(guān)系，因此使用被動語態(tài)be done，take的過去分詞是taken．
5．become改為became，考查謂語動詞，and連接兩個并列的謂語，前使用entered一般過去時，因此become也要改為一般過去時became．
6．in后加this/the，考查代詞或者定冠詞，根據(jù)語境指的是"在這張圖片"，可以使用this或the．
7．they 改為that/which，考查定語從句的引導詞，things作為先行詞，引導定語從句可以使用that或者which．
8．difference改為different，考查形容詞，此處應使用形容詞修飾后面的名詞kinds．
9．late改為latest，考查形容詞的辨析，late"晚的"，latest"最新的"，根據(jù)語境是"最新的音樂唱片"．
10．your改為my，考查形容詞性物主代詞，聯(lián)系上文語境可知此處指"我的高中時光"，應使用my．

2016全國三卷
The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.

【分析】作者在本文中回憶了自己13歲到19歲時的時候，自己以為什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了，但是父母卻不這樣認為，所以作者很反感．等離開父母上了大學，重要自己獨立了，卻又想得到父母的幫助．
【解答】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever∧ need help.
1．year改為years．考查名詞復數(shù)．teenage years青少年應該是一段時間，為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)．
2．worse改為worst．考查形容詞最高級．a(chǎn)nd為并列連詞，the best相對的是the worst，應為最高級．
3．去掉the．考查固定搭配．a(chǎn)t first意為"首先；最早"，是固定搭配．
4．yourself改為myself．考查代詞．主語和賓語為同一個人，用反身代詞myself作賓語．
5．such改為so．考查代詞．根據(jù)句意：但我父母不這么認為．應為"they don’t think so."，so指代前面的一個觀點．
6．tell改為told．考查動詞時態(tài)．此處講述的是過去的事情，要用一般過去時態(tài)．
7．freely改為free．考查形容詞．be動詞后接形容詞作表語．
8．wear改為wearing．考查動名詞．by是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式．
9．to改為for．考查介詞．表示目的應用目的介詞for，意為"以（提及地）為目的地"．
10．加I 考查代詞．考查從句．whenever引導時間狀語從句，句中缺少主語I，需加上人稱代詞I．
【分析】作者在本文中回憶了自己13歲到19歲時的時候，自己以為什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了，但是父母卻不這樣認為，所以作者很反感．等離開父母上了大學，重要自己獨立了，卻又想得到父母的幫助．
【解答】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever∧ need help.
1．year改為years．考查名詞復數(shù)．teenage years青少年應該是一段時間，為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)．
2．worse改為worst．考查形容詞最高級．a(chǎn)nd為并列連詞，the best相對的是the worst，應為最高級．
3．去掉the．考查固定搭配．a(chǎn)t first意為"首先；最早"，是固定搭配．
4．yourself改為myself．考查代詞．主語和賓語為同一個人，用反身代詞myself作賓語．
5．such改為so．考查代詞．根據(jù)句意：但我父母不這么認為．應為"they don’t think so."，so指代前面的一個觀點．
6．tell改為told．考查動詞時態(tài)．此處講述的是過去的事情，要用一般過去時態(tài)．
7．freely改為free．考查形容詞．be動詞后接形容詞作表語．
8．wear改為wearing．考查動名詞．by是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式．
9．to改為for．考查介詞．表示目的應用目的介詞for，意為"以（提及地）為目的地"．
10．加I 考查代詞．考查從句．whenever引導時間狀語從句，句中缺少主語I，需加上人稱代詞I．
【分析】作者在本文中回憶了自己13歲到19歲時的時候，自己以為什么都知道，可以自己拿主意了，但是父母卻不這樣認為，所以作者很反感．等離開父母上了大學，重要自己獨立了，卻又想得到父母的幫助．
【解答】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever∧ need help.
1．year改為years．考查名詞復數(shù)．teenage years青少年應該是一段時間，為可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)．
2．worse改為worst．考查形容詞最高級．a(chǎn)nd為并列連詞，the best相對的是the worst，應為最高級．
3．去掉the．考查固定搭配．a(chǎn)t first意為"首先；最早"，是固定搭配．
4．yourself改為myself．考查代詞．主語和賓語為同一個人，用反身代詞myself作賓語．
5．such改為so．考查代詞．根據(jù)句意：但我父母不這么認為．應為"they don’t think so."，so指代前面的一個觀點．
6．tell改為told．考查動詞時態(tài)．此處講述的是過去的事情，要用一般過去時態(tài)．
7．freely改為free．考查形容詞．be動詞后接形容詞作表語．
8．wear改為wearing．考查動名詞．by是介詞，后接動詞時用動名詞形式．
9．to改為for．考查介詞．表示目的應用目的介詞for，意為"以（提及地）為目的地"．
10．加I 考查代詞．考查從句．whenever引導時間狀語從句，句中缺少主語I，需加上人稱代詞I．


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