高考二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練---代詞、連詞、并列句1.代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語、分句和句子的詞。連詞連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，不單獨(dú)作句子成分。并列句由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句并列在一起構(gòu)成。常見的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句 + 并列連詞 + 簡單句。2.考點(diǎn)歸納代詞1、人稱代詞：在句中用作主語、表語和賓語等，有人稱、性、數(shù)與格之分。She hesitated a moment, then sat down beside me and said: “oh, it’s you.”2、物主代詞（1）形容詞性物主代詞一般作定語。With its minority villages and impressive landscapes, Yunnan had a lot to offer.（2）名詞性物主代詞作主語、賓語、介詞賓語和表語。You have taken my pen by mistake. Yours is in the box. Please give me mine.3、反身代詞：當(dāng)主語和賓語所指的人或物相同時，常用反身代詞。他們必須在人稱、性質(zhì)、數(shù)上保持一致，在句中作賓語、同位語或表語。Great people are those who always devote themselves to helping others.I read those two lines over and over. I was ashamed of myself.    Bob is not quite himself today. 鮑勃今天感到不適。He has turned against his wife. He himself doesn’t know why. 他和他妻子作對。他自己也不知道為什么。4、疑問代詞：常見的有who, whom, whose, what, which。Who is to blame for this fault?   Whom are you talking about?    What kind of activities do people do in a theme park?   If you have a chance to visit one of the parks, which will you visit？Whose is this umbrella?    5、指示代詞：專門用來指出或標(biāo)示人或物的一類代詞。常見的有this, that, these, those, such, same, so, it。There is no such thing as a free lunch.   The evidence for this theory is that the atoms that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth.  6、不定代詞 不指明替代任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。常見的有：some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, no, nobody, no one, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, everyone, everybody, everything, other, another, much, many, few, a few, little, a little, one。All possible means have been taken to prevent the river being polluted.  Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and others for special people or event.  The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.  Canada is a country where fresh water is more than that in any other country in the world. 7、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是可引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。常見的有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等。You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job, which can be of great help for you to get the job.    Laughter is the sun that / which drives winter from the human face.  The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. However, the next king of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.   連詞連詞是連接單詞、短語、從句或句子的一種虛詞，在句中不單獨(dú)作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)主要分為兩大類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。1、并列連詞：并列連詞用來連接并列的單詞、短語、從句或句子（詳見并列句）。2、從屬連詞：從屬連詞是用來引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語從句的。（1）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞常有：連接代詞who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) 和連接副詞when, where, how, why等。另外還有that（無意義）；if / whether（是否）。（2）引導(dǎo)副詞性狀語從句的連詞有很多，它包括：A. 時間狀語從句連詞：when, whenever, before, after, as, as soon as, once, since, ever since, till, until, while…B. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句連詞：where, wherever;C. 原因狀語從句連詞：because, since, now that, as;D. 結(jié)果狀語從句連詞：so…that…, such … that…, so that;E. 目的狀語從句連詞：so that, in order that;F. 方式狀語從句連詞：as, as if, as though;G. 比較狀語從句連詞：as…as…, not as / so…as…, than;H. 條件狀語從句連詞：if, unless, as long as, in case (that) ;I. 讓步狀語從句連詞：though, although, even though, no matter who / whoever, no matter which / whichever, no matter what / whatever, no matter how / however, whether…or…, while（雖然）, as（盡管）。3、部分連詞用法解析（1）祈使句 + and + 陳述句 = If you…, you will…          祈使句 + or + 陳述句= If you don’t …, you will… Give me a chance, and I’ll give you a surprise.  Treat your friends well, or you will miss much pleasure.   （2）Scarcely / Hardly… had sb done…when…(did)…No sooner…h(huán)ad sb done… than…(did)… （一…就…）Scarcely / Hardly had he got home when it began to rain.         = No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.  （3）either…or…, neither…nor…, not only …but also …, or, not…but… 連接并列的主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與其鄰近的主語的數(shù)一致（即就近原則）。 One or two friends are coming this evening.  Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.  Neither the teacher nor the students like this song.  Not only you but also your father is coming.   （4）both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。He can’t play both tennis and volleyball. 它并不是既會打網(wǎng)球又會打排球。并列句由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起的句子叫并列句。常見的并列連詞有：1、同等關(guān)系的并列連詞：and, not only…but also…, both…and…, as well as…, then, when, neither…nor…,In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.  Not only can I speak English freely, but I have learnt American culture.2、轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系的并列連詞：but, yet, while, still, however, nevertheless。My grandmother, however, understood the door that education could open even in tough economic times.  He has treated you badly: still, he’s your brother and you should help him. 3、選擇關(guān)系：or, otherwise, either…or…We have to face a choice: either to reject the new language and spend the rest of our lives wishing Shakespeare were alive, or to keep pace with the Internet age and welcome the new English called Weblish. 我們必須面臨一種選擇：要么拒絕新的語言，用余生來幻想莎士比亞還活著，要么跟上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的步伐，去迎接新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言。Do as you are told, otherwise / or you will be in trouble.   4、因果關(guān)系：常用so, for, therefore。I am crazy about outdoor activities, especially camps, so I will grasp this chance. Mr. Smith had neither wife nor children, for he liked nothing but drink.5、其他連詞：rather than, not…but…等- You seemed to be impressed by his skill.- Not exactly so. It was his courage rather than his skill that really impressed me. 是他的勇氣并非他的技術(shù)給我留下了深刻的印象。 Not what you say but what you do matters a lot.   強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. My brother would like________ (buy) a good watch but________ was available from that shop. 2. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but________ contained any useful suggestions.   3. You are a team star! Working with________ is really your cup of tea.  你是球隊明星!與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事。（one’s cup of tea 某人喜歡做的事情。）4. A smile costs________, but gives much.  5. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose________ based on ________ own interest.6. One man’s meat is ________ man’s poison. (各有所愛)  7. His is________ a united family________ the villagers all admire it.  8. It is so cold that you can’t go outside ________fully covered in thick clothes.9.To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the________.10. Make up your mind, ________ you will fail to grasp the chance. 11.Truth may be blamed, ________ never be shamed. 真理可能被責(zé)難，但絕不受羞辱。12. You can ask ________ for help. Because everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.13. ________ than give a full smile, sometimes we would turn up the corners of our mouths  14. Buying flowers is what most students will do. However, I want to do________ different.15. ________ history cannot be changed, lessons can be learned to face the future, 二、改錯：每句錯誤最多兩處。涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1. I want very much to buy this iPhone, and I cannot afford that. 2. I’d like to buy a present for father’s birthday, that at a proper price but of great use. 3. None of us could agree on where to go on vacation, and we went to different places, they to Shanghai and me to Xiamen.  4. We started the game confidently, but they soon became apparently that our opponents were too strong for us.5. Some babies begin talk as early as six months old; the others don’t speak until they are over two years old. 6. Charlie spent his childhood looked after his sick mother as well as her little brother.7. He was social failure and was loved for his optimism to overcome difficulties. 8. As it is known to all, sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 9. Devote yourself to the daily task thoroughly, you will have a much high chance of success. 10. Interesting in the club you advertised, I would appreciate a lot if you could provide me with further information.    參考答案：一、填空1. to buy; none  2. neither  3.others  4. nothing  5. one; your  6. another  7. such; that  8. unless  9. other  10. or  11. but  12. anyone  13. Rather   14. something  15. Though /Although / While二、改錯1. and - but; that - it      2. father’s前加my; that - one3. and - so; me - I      4. they - it; apparently - apparent;5. talk - talking; the 去掉    6. looked - looking; her - his7. failure前加a; and - but    8. It刪除; sun前加the9. you前加and; high - higher   10. interesting - interested; a前加it

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