Grammar-Ellipsis
Activity1.Lk and cmpare.
省略是一種避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的語法手段。與漢語-樣，英語中的省略也較為常見。一般來說，只要不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起歧義，能省略的地方就可以省略。省略的意義：可使語言更加簡潔，意思更加明確，句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加緊湊。
省略 (Ellipsis)
一、簡單句的省略1. 省略主語 祈使句中主語通常省略;?其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。 (1) (I) Thank?yu?fr?yur?help. (2)?(I) See?yu?tmrrw. (3)?(It) Desn’t?matter. (4) (I) Beg?yur?pardn.
2. 省略主謂或主謂語的一部分 (1)?(There?is)?N?smking. (2)?(Is?there)?Anything?wrng? (3)?(Will?yu)?Have?a?smke? (4)?What/Hw?(d?yu?think)?abut?a?cup f?tea? (5)?Why?(d?yu)?nt?say?hell?t?him?
3. 省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留t, 但如果該賓語是動詞 be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have: (1) –Are?yu?ging?there?? –Yes,?I’d like?t (g?there). (2)?He?didn’t?give?me?the?chance,?thugh?he had?prmised? t?(give?me?the?chance). (3)?–Are?yu?an?engineer?? –N,?but?I?want?t?be (an?engineer). (4)?–He?hasn’t?finished?the?task yet.? –Well,?he?ught?t?have (finished?the?task).
4. 省略表語 (1) –Are?yu?thirsty?? –?Yes,?I?am?(thirsty). (2)?His?brther?isn’t lazy,?nr?is?his?sister (lazy). 5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分 (1)?Let’s?meet?at?the?same?place?as?(we?met) yesterday. (2)?–Have?yu?finished?yur?wrk? – (I?have)?Nt?(finished?my?wrk)?yet.
二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略及其他情況的省略。 1. 主句中有一些成分被省略 (1) (I’m)?Srry?t?hear?yu are?ill. (2) (It’s a) Pity?that?he?missed?such a?gd chance.2.狀語從句的省略 While (Han Gan was) waiting at the gate, Han Gan used a stick t draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the pet himself. If (it is) necessary, we will buy a new car.
在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式（比較）或讓步等的狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞含有動詞be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或其主語是it，那么從句中的主語和謂語的一部分（尤其是be動詞）往往可以省略。
The experiment shws that prper amunt f exercise, if _______(carry) ut regularly, can imprve ur health.2. When _________(ffer) help, ne ften says“Thank yu”r“it’s kind f yu.” 3. Thugh _______(lack) mney, his parents managed t send him t university.4. —Have yu gt any particular plans fr the cming hliday? —Yes. ________, I’m ging t visit sme hmes fr the ld. A. If ever B. If busy C. If s D. If pssible
Activity2.Read the paragraph and find ut what wrds have been remved befre r after the underlined wrds.
Technlgy isn’t the nly way t frecast the weather. Nature has its ways (____________________), t. Unusual animal behavir, fr example, can indicate whether it’s cld, wet weather that’s n the way r a ht, dry perid (_________________). If fish are jumping higher than usual r frgs are craking mre ludly (_________), it may rain. And next time yu lk up at the sky, dn’t just lk fr rain cluds, but als (______) fr birds.
t frecast the weather
that’s n the way
If they are flying lw, grab yur umbrella. It is als said that mice and snakes head fr safer grund several days befre an earthquake, while dgs aviding the beach may be a sign that a tsunami is appraching. Of curse, althugh these things may suggest smething bad is ging t happen, they wn’t tell us when (______________________________) and where (______________________________). S, fr accurate and reliable predictins, it’s best t check an fficial, scientific reprt.
smething bad it ging t happen
Activity3. Remve wrds frm the news reprt t make it mre cncise.
The 8.1-magnitude earthquake that hit Nepal n 25 April 2015, was ne f the wrst (earthquakes) in histry. On hearing the news, China was quick t start rganising emergency aid.Internatinal rescue teams sn began t arrive in the cuntry. Amngst all the internatinal heavy rescue teams, the China Internatinal Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first (internatinal heavy rescue team) t arrive.
Cnsisting f 62 peple, it nt nly included rescuers and medical staff, but als (included) earthquake experts. By early May, emergency aid wrth 9.7 millin US dllars had been dnated by China, with a further rund (f emergency aid) t fllw.
Types f natural disasters
Lk at the pictures and answer the questins.
1. Which ne d yu think is the mst dangerus?2. Can yu name sme big natural disasters in histry?
1. Which ne d yu think is the mst dangerus?
2. Can yu name sme big natural disasters in histry?
Cmplete the reprts with the wrds in Activity 4. Pay attentin t the wrds describing natural disasters. (P66)
In 1881, a(n) 1 ____________ struck the small Vietnamese city f Haiphng, bringing terrible strng winds. When it
hit the cast, huge tidal waves caused severe fld, csting the lives f up t 300,000 citizens.
In August 1949, the Landes regin f Suth-west France faced a majr 2 ____________ that lasted almst a week. Sme
500 km2 f frested land was burnt and 82 peple killed. Even tday, it is cnsidered ne f Eurpe's mst deadly frest fires.
The winter f 1950 t 1951 came t be knwn as the Winter f Terrr when ver 600 3 _____________ struck twns and villages in the
muntains f the Swiss Austrian Alps. Caused by exceptinally heavy snwfall within a shrt perid f time, they destryed buildings and frests, and claimed ver 256 lives.
In 1960, Chile suffered the strngest 4___________ t be recrded in the 20th century. The shck is generally agreed t have had a magnitude f 9.5.
It caused a(n) 5__________ with waves f up t 25 metres affecting places as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
A(n) 6_________ hit Iran in February 1972, causing a week f extremely lw temperatures. Winter strms
brught as much as 7.9 metres f snw in the suth f the cuntry, resulting in the deaths f abut 4,000 peple.
In July 2011, a(n) 7___________ struck East Africa. It was said t be the wrst in 60 years, and nt a single drp f rain fell fr almst a
whle year. It led t a severe fd crisis and threatened the livelihds f mre than 9.5 millin peple.
Talk abut a recent natural disaster yu have heard abut r seen n the news.
What’s the effect f lng have ... lasted?Hw has the weather changed yu heard the news abut d yu think we shuld cpe
Useful expressins
Extreme weather cnditins
Did yu knw?
trtise shells. Centuries later, in Greece, the philspher, Aristtle, wrte his theries abut hw weather cnditins frmed. Weather frecasting advanced ver time, with mre and mre instruments t measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Tday, satellite data and cmputer technlgy help scientists predict the weather mre precisely.
Fr thusands f years, peple have been trying t predict the weather. In China during the Shang Dynasty, peple recrded weather frecasts n animal bnes and
Listen t the weather frecast and match the weather symbls t the lcatins n the map. (P67)
Listen again and cmplete the frm. (P67)
warm clthes
fry meat n the rad
thrugh fldwaters
Nw talk abut hw the speaker describes the weather. Listen again if necessary.
When listening t a weather frecast, pay attentin t the fllwing infrmatin:temperature levels descriptins f frthcming weather cnditinsweather warnings
Act ut the cnversatin t talk abut an extreme weather cnditin.Student A: Turn t Page 83. Student B: Turn t Page 86.

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Unit 6 Disaster and hope

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