專題強(qiáng)化練（十六）　閱讀七選五——段尾句類Test 1[2022·沈陽(yáng)高三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)（一）]Lighthouse PlanningGoal setting is an important part of staying active，focused and excited about the future.　1　Some goals in our life are clear，simple and easy.For example，to make a homemade dinner every Sunday is such a type of goal for me.To achieve it，I only need to create a list of supplies to buy and set aside time according to my schedule.　2　In terms of these goals，I love the idea of“l(fā)ighthouse planning”.In this technique，we reach a goal by imagining it as a lighthouse in the distance.It's dark as we get in our boats and we don't know exactly how we're going to get to that bright destination.But our lighthouse never stops flashing in the distance and it is never entirely out of sight.　3　Now think about your lighthouse and identify it.　4　For example，you might set your goal as“I want to become more creative”.Identifying your lighthouse is a way to start your journey with big purposes.But if you look around and realize that your lighthouse is getting farther away rather than closer，you should redirect your path to your lighthouse.　5　If you've ever rowed a boat，you know there can be headwinds and storms along your journey.In that case，focus on the next spot on the horizon instead of powering through all the way to the end.A.Just give it a try.B.Don't wear yourself out.C.We can make a plan that will get us there.D.A lighthouse-like goal is something broader.E.So we start rowing in the direction of the light.F.However，some goals in our life are bigger and more challenging.G.Having goals and keeping moving to them is part of walking a positive path.【語篇解讀】　“燈塔計(jì)劃”是設(shè)定計(jì)劃和目標(biāo)的有效方式。通過“燈塔計(jì)劃”，人們可以根據(jù)自己的實(shí)際情況調(diào)整計(jì)劃，以更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)人生目標(biāo)。1.解析：根據(jù)空處上句可知，設(shè)定目標(biāo)能對(duì)未來保持積極、專注和興奮。據(jù)此可知，空處進(jìn)一步說明設(shè)定目標(biāo)、朝著目標(biāo)奮進(jìn)的意義：是走在積極道路上的一部分。答案：G2.解析：通讀第二段可知，該段主要介紹生活中明確的、簡(jiǎn)單的、容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)；結(jié)合空處下文可以推知，第三段介紹更遠(yuǎn)大、更具有挑戰(zhàn)性的目標(biāo)，且實(shí)現(xiàn)這種目標(biāo)需要制定“燈塔計(jì)劃”。答案：F3.解析：根據(jù)空處上句可知，燈塔在遠(yuǎn)處不停地閃爍，它從來不會(huì)離開我們的視線。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，燈塔指引我們朝著光亮的地方劃船前進(jìn)。答案：E4.解析：根據(jù)上句可知，該處提醒我們應(yīng)思考并確定燈塔目標(biāo)；根據(jù)空后的“Identifying your lighthouse...big purposes”可知，確定燈塔目標(biāo)是開啟偉大目標(biāo)之旅的一種方式。據(jù)此可知，空處說明燈塔目標(biāo)更為廣大。答案：D5.解析：根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知，如果你曾經(jīng)劃過船，你就會(huì)知道，一路上可能會(huì)遇到逆風(fēng)和暴風(fēng)雨，那種情況下，關(guān)注地平線上的下一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，而不是一路快速劃到終點(diǎn)。結(jié)合上文介紹的“如果目標(biāo)離你更遠(yuǎn)而不是更近時(shí)，要改變方向”可以推知，空處說明不要把自己累壞。答案：BTest 2（2022·南京第一學(xué)期六校聯(lián)合體調(diào)研測(cè)試題）Why we forget？Remembering things is an important function of our brain—if we can't recall how to do something，we can't survive.If you think about it，there is so much we have to remember—from where we leave our car keys to how we walk.　1　Memory allows the brain to store and recall information when required.Our short-term memory can hold a small amount of information for a short time，while our long-term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information for a long time.Our memory is amazing，but why do we still forget things？It maybe because we are in a rush or we consider it irrelevant at the time.When we do store information，we often make connections with other things，which helps us recall it later.　2　It is also possible that memories decline over time.If you don't perform a task for a long period of time，it can be difficult to recall how to do it.This could be because our memory is full，or that our short-term memory is easier to access.　3　Have you ever gone into a room to fetch something only to forget what you wanted when you got there？This is called“The Doorway Effect”.This occurs because we change both the physical and mental environments，moving to a different room and thinking about many different things.So，if you have a mind like a sieve（篩子），it could be because you have too much on your mind.But we do need to keep our memory sharp by continually using it.　4　That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease.However，forgetting is not always a bad thing！It would waste cognitive resources if we remembered every detail of the world around us.　5　.A.That's something worth remembering！B.Maybe it's no surprise that sometimes we are forgetful.C.But sometimes even our short-term memory can let us down.D.If you don't have these connections，then it can be easier to forget.E.However，it is widely recognized that short-term memory can be improved.F.We also need some mental relaxation such as listening to some classical music.G.Beyond our 50s，our brains tend to shrink in volume and our memory begins to decline.【語篇解讀】　本文主要從科學(xué)角度介紹了“遺忘”背后的原因：太匆忙，或認(rèn)為事物無關(guān)緊要，或不回憶等。但是遺忘并非壞事，我們?nèi)绻涀≈車澜绲拿恳粋€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，會(huì)浪費(fèi)認(rèn)知資源。1.解析：根據(jù)上句可知，我們需要記住的事情太多，再結(jié)合第二段最后一句及常識(shí)可以推知，有時(shí)遺忘某事并不奇怪。故B項(xiàng)符合語境。答案：B2.解析：根據(jù)上句可知，當(dāng)我們存儲(chǔ)信息時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常會(huì)與其他事物建立聯(lián)系，這有助于我們?cè)谝院蠡貞浧鹚?。所?/span>D項(xiàng)“如果你沒有這些聯(lián)系，你就可能更容易遺忘”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。答案：D3.解析：上段最后一句提到了short-term memory，下文介紹了短暫性記憶，即“門口效應(yīng)”的例子：走進(jìn)房間去取東西，結(jié)果到了房間卻忘了自己想找什么。據(jù)此可知，C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容能承上啟下，故C項(xiàng)正確。答案：C4.解析：根據(jù)下句“That's when we're at more risk of getting Alzheimer's disease”可知，這個(gè)時(shí)候我們患阿爾茨海默氏病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大。據(jù)此可以推知，空處說明年齡增大記憶力減退的現(xiàn)象和原因，故G項(xiàng)正確。答案：G5.解析：根據(jù)上句中的“cognitive resources”可知，遺忘并非總是壞事，記住所有細(xì)節(jié)則會(huì)浪費(fèi)認(rèn)知資源，據(jù)此可知，這點(diǎn)值得記住。故A項(xiàng)正確。答案：ATest 3Open a book by any philosopher and you'll probably read that a meaningful life has to involve achieving something difficult.That's because many philosophers are perfectionists when it comes to the meaning of life.It's not just philosophers，either.Perfectionism is one of the main reasons why people tend to believe their lives are meaningless.　1　If they aren't doing something absolutely amazing，then life has no meaning.　2　So the conclusion is obvious：most lives are meaningless.Right？Not really.Dig a little deeper，and perfectionism falls apart.Actually you don't need to be a perfectionist about the meaning of life.Life would be fantastic if everything was perfect.But something doesn't need to be perfect to be fantastic.　3　For one，it's pretty inconsistently applied most of the time.People who are perfectionists about the meaning of life often don't apply it to other areas of their lives.　4　For example，perfectionists don't think they're a failure if they don't get a hundred percent on every test.So isn't it also absurd to apply that kind of standard to the meaning of life？It doesn't end there.The demands that perfectionists place on themselves and others are actually really unrealistic.And that means they can only lead to disappointment.　5　It would be similarly odd to call one of your friends a huge failure because he can't achieve as much in a day as a superman.And it's exactly the logic perfectionism when it is claimed that our lives have to be extraordinary in some way to have meaning.A.They see life as an all-or-nothing situation.B.We don't expect a dog to drive a car.C.This leads to lots of double standards.D.You're unlikely to be satisfied with any result.E.And there are actually a few problems with perfectionism.F.However，most of us aren't an Einstein or a Mother Teresa.G.They'd probably dismiss the ideas like that as absurd，in fact.【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了完美主義者眼中生活的意義，以及完美主義引發(fā)的一些問題。1.解析：空前一句說完美主義是人們傾向于相信他們的生活是無意義的主要原因之一；空后一句說如果他們不做一些令人極其驚嘆的事，生活就沒有意義。由此可以推斷，A項(xiàng)（他們把生活看作全贏或全輸?shù)木置妫┓险Z境。答案：A2.解析：空后一句說所以結(jié)論是顯然的：大多數(shù)的生活都是無意義的。再結(jié)合空前一句對(duì)生活意義的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，F項(xiàng)（然而，我們中的大多人都不是愛因斯坦或特蕾莎修女）銜接上下文，符合語境。答案：F3.解析：空前一句說但是有些事情不需要完美才能精彩；下一段開始舉例來說明完美主義應(yīng)用的不一致。由此可以推斷，E項(xiàng)（實(shí)際上完美主義是有一些問題的）符合語境。答案：E4.解析：空前一句說追求生活意義的完美主義者通常不會(huì)把它運(yùn)用到生活的其他領(lǐng)域；下文舉例說他們?nèi)绻荚嚊]有考滿分并不會(huì)就此認(rèn)為自己是失敗者。由此可以推斷，C項(xiàng)（完美主義其實(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）符合語境。答案：C5.解析：下文提到這跟因?yàn)槟愕囊粋€(gè)朋友不可能在一天內(nèi)取得跟超人一樣多的成就就認(rèn)為他是個(gè)很失敗的人一樣奇怪。由此可以推斷，空處也應(yīng)描述一種奇怪的現(xiàn)象，故B項(xiàng)（我們不能期待一只狗可以開車）符合語境。答案：BTest 4Giving generously and receiving gratefully make it easier to live happily with others.　1　Let me start with the idea of giving generously.　2　For example，my husband and I have family members who only contact us when they need money.We usually accept their requests，but we rarely receive a“thank you”.Most people would say that my husband and I are being used.and I suppose we are.But when we give，we shouldn't be giving for the purpose of getting gratitude or praise.　3　The good news is that when we lead our lives being nice to others，our lives run more smoothly.If you're generous，yes，some people will use you.But if you practice being generous，most of your relationships will improve.　4　I truly believe that you cannot say“thank you”enough when you receive.We so often get lazy about expressing gratitude.Parents can feel unappreciated by their children，and teachers can feel unappreciated by their students.Do you think it unnecessary to thank them when receiving just because a task is part of someone's job description？That's wrong！Words of appreciation make others feel good about themselves like nothing else.It's good for us to say“thank you”because we regularly need to remind ourselves of how lucky we are.　5　If you are looking for a way to improve your life，I can give you one：Give generously and receive gratefully.A.Thus，saying “thank you” can bring us good luck.B.Rather，we should be giving because it's a good thing.C.And hearing those two words can make us feel great for days.D.And at the same time，we should remember to receive gratefully.E.In return，we are to help others by giving them our time or money.F.I think people are unwilling to be generous to others for fear of being used.G.Yet，why do we have such difficulty achieving these things in our relationships？【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文?？犊亟o予、感激地接受會(huì)讓我們與別人相處的時(shí)候更容易快樂。文章分析了我們很難做到這兩件事的原因以及這兩件事對(duì)我們的好處。1.解析：空前一句講到慷慨地給予、感激地接受會(huì)讓我們與別人相處的時(shí)候更容易快樂，再結(jié)合下文講到的我們?cè)诮o予和接受的時(shí)候面臨的問題可知，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)講到這兩件事情難以做到的原因。故G項(xiàng)符合語境。答案：G2.解析：空前一句講到讓我從慷慨地給予說起，再根據(jù)下文“Most people would say that my husband and I are being used，and I suppose we are.”可知，空處講到的應(yīng)該是人們不愿意慷慨地給予的原因是害怕被利用。F項(xiàng)符合語境。答案：F3.解析：空前一句講的是當(dāng)我們給予的時(shí)候，我們不應(yīng)該帶著收到感激或贊揚(yáng)的目的，因此B項(xiàng)（相反，我們應(yīng)該因這是件好事而去給予）符合語境。答案：B4.解析：結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講了receiving gratefully的話題，故D項(xiàng)適合作本段的主旨句。答案：D5.解析：本段講的是感謝之言的好處，空前一句講的是說“謝謝你”對(duì)我們是有好處的，而C項(xiàng)表述的是聽到“謝謝你”的好處，與其相匹配。答案：C 

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