?專題14閱讀理解七選五-2023年高考真題及模擬題匯編

2023年高考真題
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們練習(xí)自我寬恕，并提供了一個簡單的寫作練習(xí)來增強自信。通過列出個人的優(yōu)點和善良的行為，人們可以學(xué)會原諒自己的錯誤，并從中成長。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯) is human.(為錯誤承擔(dān)責(zé)任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責(zé)。人孰能無過。)”可知，作者認為人都會犯錯，勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責(zé)。結(jié)合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的寫作練習(xí)來幫助你做到這一點。)”中的“do this”以及下文內(nèi)容可推斷，空處應(yīng)該內(nèi)容和“不要太自責(zé)”相似。選項D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要。)”與“不要太自責(zé)”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日記或紙上寫上“個人優(yōu)點”。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有愛心嗎？有創(chuàng)造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個好的傾聽者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個性中的優(yōu)點。選項B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(現(xiàn)在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點。)”符合上下文內(nèi)容，下文內(nèi)容具體解釋那些是優(yōu)點。故選B。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二頁的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標(biāo)題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當(dāng)你幫助朋友做作業(yè)的時候，當(dāng)你沒有被要求卻主動熨衣服的時候，或者當(dāng)你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時候。)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見，談?wù)勈鞘裁醋屇銈兠總€人都與眾不同，以及你們個性中閃光的方面。)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。選項C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習(xí)。)”符合語境，C項中的“they”與空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內(nèi)容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同時選項C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事實上，不要等到你犯了錯誤才去嘗試這個——這是一個在任何時候都能增強自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故選C。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’s something of a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多數(shù)人不是從他們的成功中學(xué)習(xí)，而是從他們的錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)，這是陳詞濫調(diào)。但事實是，這是真的。)”可知，作者認為人是從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)。選項G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么錯誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合語境，G項中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后內(nèi)容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我們一直在改變和學(xué)習(xí)，錯誤是一種積極的發(fā)展和成長的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過錯誤來成長。故選G。
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了了一些開始藝術(shù)之旅的好建議。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. (從小開始。我建議使用一個素描本進行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實踐。這些小的學(xué)習(xí)和實踐可以提供靈感，并成為未來更復(fù)雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come. (你會想要回顧一下自己的藝術(shù)之旅，看看自己已經(jīng)取得多少進步)”可知，空處應(yīng)是一個過渡句，從給出建議使用一個素描本進行小規(guī)模的學(xué)習(xí)和實踐，到回顧自己的藝術(shù)之旅，所以C項“Don’t throw away your beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初學(xué)時的藝術(shù)作品)”符合文意，和后文形成順承關(guān)系。故選C項。
【17題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處，位于段尾，是對本段總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. (經(jīng)常作畫，且從生活中作畫。沒有什么比不斷練習(xí)更能提高你的藝術(shù)水平了。無論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風(fēng)景，都要盡可能地從真實生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知，本段主要講述不斷練習(xí)繪畫，所以G項“You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. (你會逐漸形成只有通過反復(fù)練習(xí)才能獲得的繪畫肌肉記憶)”是對前文的總結(jié)。故選G項。
【18題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對前一句的進一步解釋，并同時引出后文，根據(jù)前文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new. (不斷挑戰(zhàn)自己，嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful. (藝術(shù)的成長可能會有點痛苦)”可知，A項“Get out of your comfort zone. (走出你的舒適區(qū))”是對前句的進一步說明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選A項。
【19題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對于你的成長非常重要。我在社交媒體上發(fā)布我的作品，并因此結(jié)識了一些最友好的人。無論我的藝術(shù)水平如何，他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知，本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品，所以D項“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感覺舒適的話，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故選D項。
【20題詳解】
分析設(shè)空處，空處位于第二句，此處應(yīng)是對前一句的進一步解釋，并同時引出后文，根據(jù)前文“The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不會是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (堅持下去，給它時間，付出努力。你將收獲藝術(shù)生活的回報)”可知，E項“You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times. (你會遇到障礙，有時你會感到氣餒)”是對前句的進一步說明，和后文構(gòu)成順承關(guān)系。故選E項。
Passage 3
【2023年全國乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物種) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. C 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是室內(nèi)植物、室內(nèi)植物帶來的好處及你能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強記憶力來促進人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進關(guān)系，構(gòu)成not only…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它們不僅看起來很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選B。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Many of these species (物種) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國戶外生長，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不適合在戶外寒冷的環(huán)境中生長，即適合在溫暖的地方生長。由此可知，D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它們在溫暖的室內(nèi)生長得更好)能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選D。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬天的幾個月里，房子周圍的植物真的能提升你的情緒)”可知，室內(nèi)植物對人有好處。由此可知，C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室內(nèi)種植植物有很多好處)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選C。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通過去除二氧化碳等有害氣體來凈化周圍的空氣。它們還能去除油漆或烹飪中的一些有害化學(xué)物質(zhì))”可知，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質(zhì)。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之類的植物是最好的)能夠承接上文，列舉了在這方面做的最好的植物，符合語境。故選E。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature-which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年輕的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它們成熟時照顧它們——這是擁有植物的樂趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每種植物的需求是非常有益的)能夠承接上文，同時引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以為人們的生活帶來新的興趣和焦點，并有助于建立家庭與自然之間的聯(lián)系。)”具體介紹了了解每種植物的需求的好處。故選G。
Passage 4
【2023年全國甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. ___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (滿足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了變得耐心的一些方法。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. (這里有一個謎語：交通堵塞、排長隊和等待假期開始有什么共同之處？答案只有一個)”可知，本句說明上文謎語答案，結(jié)合“交通堵塞、排長隊和等待假期”這些情況可知都需要耐心。故G選項“在這些情況下，我們都需要一點額外的耐心”符合語境，故選G。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好處：研究表明，感恩讓我們更快樂，壓力更小，甚至更樂觀)”以及后文““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州大學(xué)的研究員葉麗說：“表達感激可以培養(yǎng)自我控制能力?！?”可知，上文提到了感恩的諸多好處，可知本句繼續(xù)說明感恩的好處：它還可以幫助我們練習(xí)更多的耐心。E選項中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E選項“它還可以幫助我們練習(xí)更多的耐心”符合語境，故選E。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我們養(yǎng)成等待習(xí)慣的唯一方法就是練習(xí))”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. (把你最喜歡的節(jié)目推遲到周末再看，或者多等10分鐘再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列舉的事情都是日常的小事，說明要從小事開始練習(xí)等待，故B選項“從小任務(wù)開始”符合語境，故選B。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我們中的許多人都認為舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷舒適區(qū)之外的事情時，我們會對環(huán)境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態(tài)，結(jié)合前文的小標(biāo)題都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關(guān)，C選項中uncomfortable對應(yīng)后文comfortable。故C選項“接受不舒服”符合語境，故選C。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你應(yīng)該學(xué)會對自己說……)”以及后文“You’ll then gradually become more patient. (然后你會逐漸變得更有耐心)”結(jié)合本段主要說明的是不舒服的狀態(tài)，可知，本句為對自己所說的話與接受不舒服相關(guān)，故F選項“這僅僅是不舒服，而不是無法忍受”符合語境，故選F。
2023年名校模擬題
Passage 1
（2023·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Involvement in activities outside of schoolwork makes high school a lot more interesting and fun. 1 Through extracurricular activities, you can develop important skills, such as teamwork, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness.
The first step is to explore. 2 While you can’t do everything, try to get involved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that you find interesting. There is not a required one-size-fits-all list of activities. What matters is that you find clubs and programs that interest you!
You won’t know if you like something if you don’t try it. 3 For example, if you think you might be interested in earning a business degree, find out if your high school has a financial association. If you think you’d like a career in politics, check to see if your high school has a Model Unite Nations project.
While you want to appear “well rounded,” it is important that you don’t take on too much. 4 It can be helpful to see freshman year as the time to try a lot of things. In your sophomore year, you can begin limiting your involvement to your most important activities. This will allow you to spend more time on fewer things.
5 Develop it into a true passion and try to be an expert in it. This is what makes you unique and allows you to shine on a college application or qualify for a scholarship.
A．Bear in mind what is most important to you.
B．You may feel it hard to make choices at the very beginning.
C．Participate in various extracurricular activities with interest.
D．As you start high school, you will find you have many new opportunities.
E．Allow yourself enough time to do well in the activities you care about most.
F．These activities help you gain abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone
G．Keep an eye out for clubs that may specifically help you prepare for a particular college major.
【答案】1．F 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了高中階段參加課外社團活動的意義，以及一些相關(guān)的建議。
1．根據(jù)上文“Involvement in activities outside of schoolwork makes high school a lot more interesting and fun. (參與課外活動使高中生活更加有趣和快樂)”可知，本文話題為課外活動，上文提及參與課外活動帶來的好處，下文“Through extracurricular activities, you can develop important skills, such as teamwork, public speaking, creativity, leadership, and self-awareness. (通過課外活動，你可以培養(yǎng)重要的技能，比如團隊合作、公眾演講、創(chuàng)造力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和自我意識。)”，下文具體列舉了參與課外活動所能培養(yǎng)的技能，F(xiàn)項“These activities help you gain abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone (這些活動可以幫助你獲得僅通過課本和考試無法學(xué)到的能力)”，其中的These activities呼應(yīng)上文的activities outside of schoolwork，而下文則順接F項中的abilities you couldn’t learn through textbooks and tests alone，上下文銜接連貫順暢，故選F項。
2．本段首句“The first step is to explore. (第一步是探索。)”，下文“While you can’t do everything, try to get involved in as many clubs, teams, and activities that you find interesting. There is not a required one-size-fits-all list of activities. What matters is that you find clubs and programs that interest you! (雖然你不可能什么都做，但盡量多參加一些你感興趣的社團、團隊和活動。并不需要一個放之四海而皆準的活動列表。重要的是你找到了你感興趣的社團和項目！)”可知，課外活動可以是參加感興趣的社團，D項“As you start high school, you will find you have many new opportunities. (當(dāng)你開始上高中時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你有很多新的機會。)”，句中的many new opportunities呼應(yīng)首句中的explore，這個課外活動的探索在高一時就開始了，且機會多多，這個階段可以參加多個感興趣的社團，上下文銜接連貫，故選D項。
3．根據(jù)上文“You won’t know if you like something if you don’t try it. (如果你不去嘗試，你就不知道你是否喜歡它。)”，下文“For example, if you think you might be interested in earning a business degree, find out if your high school has a financial association. If you think you’d like a career in politics, check to see if your high school has a Model Unite Nations project. (例如，如果你認為你可能對獲得商業(yè)學(xué)位感興趣，看看你的高中是否有金融協(xié)會。如果你想從政，看看你的高中是否有模擬聯(lián)合國項目。)”可知，可以通過高中階段的社團活動去接觸一些自己可能感興趣的，針對大學(xué)專業(yè)、未來職業(yè)的社團活動，通過嘗試這些活動來確認自己是否喜歡，G項“Keep an eye out for clubs that may specifically help you prepare for a particular college major. (留意那些專門幫助你為某一大學(xué)專業(yè)做準備的社團。)”，下文通過舉例的方式，對G項進行解釋，參加這些社團，可以提前確認自己是否喜歡這些專業(yè)，上下文銜接連貫，故選G項。
4．根據(jù)上文“While you want to appear ‘well rounded,’ it is important that you don’t take on too much (雖然你想讓自己看起來“全面發(fā)展”，但重要的是不要承擔(dān)太多。)”可知，不要選擇太多的課外社團活動，下文“It can be helpful to see freshman year as the time to try a lot of things. In your sophomore year, you can begin limiting your involvement to your most important activities. This will allow you to spend more time on fewer things. (把高一看作是嘗試很多事情的時候是很有幫助的。在高二的時候，你可以開始把你的活動限制在最重要的活動上。這會讓你把更多的時間花在更少的事情上。)”可知，高二開始，要關(guān)注最重要的活動，而不是把時間、精力分散在不重要的活動中，E項“Allow yourself enough time to do well in the activities you care about most. (給自己足夠的時間把自己最關(guān)心的事情做好。)”可知，E項承接上文，不參與不重要的社團課外活動，才能使自己有足夠的時間去做自己最關(guān)心的事，E項與下文spend more time on fewer things呼應(yīng)，上下文銜接連貫，故選E項。
5．下文“Develop it into a true passion and try to be an expert in it. This is what makes you unique and allows you to shine on a college application or qualify for a scholarship. (把它培養(yǎng)成一種真正熱衷的愛好，并努力成為這方面的專家。這讓你與眾不同，讓你在大學(xué)申請中脫穎而出，或者有資格獲得獎學(xué)金。)”可知，通過課外活動使自己有特長，A項“Bear in mind what is most important to you. (記住對你來說最重要的是什么。)”，下文的it即指代A項中的what is most important to you，時刻記住自己在課外活動中需要獲得什么技能，并把它培養(yǎng)成為自己的愛好，可以增加自己在大學(xué)申請時的優(yōu)勢，上下文銜接連貫。故選A項。
Passage 2
（2023·湖南長沙·湖南師大附中?？家荒＃℡ou’ve comeback from your holiday and you feel amazingly recharged. Then, you open your inbox with hundreds of unanswered emails. Suddenly, your calm starts to disappear and your blood pressure starts to rise. 6 Yet, you’ve only been back at work for an hour or two. That’s no way to start your first day at work after a holiday. So, here’s what you do to keep your stress to a minimum after a break.
Give yourself half a day before jumping back into work. Take this time to unpack, do some laundry, and fill the fridge with food. 7 Doing this, you’re much more likely to suffer from less stress going back into work because your personal parts are already sorted. You will also feel more prepared going back into work.
8 This enables you to focus on dealing with your overflowing inbox and getting your priorities straight. 9 Split them into sorts like urgent, non-urgent, quick responses and no action needed. Then, start by focusing on the urgent ones (one by one!), before diving into the quick responses.
Up your fun the week you’re back. Go out for a meal with your friends. Walk your favorite route in your neighborhood. Look at the pictures from your holiday. Post-holiday blues can be very common if you go straight into all work and no play. Hence, make a little time for play your first week back. 10
A．Limit your scheduled commitments the first week back.
B．Well, you’ve got ready for everything.
C．Do whatever you need to do to wrap up the holiday stuff.
D．You may feel like you’re decades behind.
E．It is advisable to categorize your unread emails.
F．You’re supposed to deal with your emails instantly.
G．You’ll feel happy even if your holiday is over.
【答案】6．D 7．C 8．A 9．E 10．G
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何從假期過渡到工作狀態(tài)的建議。
6．根據(jù)下文“Yet, you’ve only been back at work for an hour or two.(然而，你才回來工作一兩個小時。)”可知，空處和下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，D項的“decades”和下文“an hour or two”形成對比關(guān)系。D項：You may feel like you’re decades behind.(你可能覺得自己落后了幾十年。)符合語境。故選D。
7．根據(jù)上文“Take this time to unpack, do some laundry, and fill the fridge with food.( 利用這段時間打開行李，洗衣服，把冰箱裝滿食物。)”和下文“Doing this, you’re much more likely to suffer from less stress going back into work because your personal parts are already sorted.( 如果你這樣做了，你就更有可能在回去工作時承受更少的壓力，因為你的個人部分已經(jīng)整理好了。)”可知，空處內(nèi)容和整理東西有關(guān)。C項中的“wrap up the holiday stuff ”和下文中的“your personal parts are already sorted”對應(yīng)。C項：Do whatever you need to do to wrap up the holiday stuff.(盡你所能把假期的東西打包。)符合語境。故選C。
8．根據(jù)下文“This enables you to focus on dealing with your overflowing inbox and getting your priorities straight.(這樣可以讓你專注于處理堆積如山的收件箱，并分清輕重緩急。)”可知，本段建議通過分清輕重緩急處理收件箱來達到限制計劃的目的。A項：Limit your scheduled commitments the first week back.(在回來的第一周限制你的計劃。)符合語境。故選A。
9．根據(jù)下文“Split them into sorts like urgent, non-urgent, quick responses and no action needed. (把它們分成緊急的、非緊急的、快速反應(yīng)的和不需要采取行動的這些類別。)”可知，空處建議將郵件分類，E項中的“unread emails”和下文的“them”對應(yīng)。E項：It is advisable to categorize your unread emails.(把未讀郵件分類是明智的。)符合語境。故選E。
10．根據(jù)上文“Up your fun the week you’re back. Go out for a meal with your friends. Walk your favorite route in your neighborhood. Look at the pictures from your holiday. Post-holiday blues can be very common if you go straight into all work and no play. Hence, make a little time for play your first week back.(你回來的那一周好好享受吧。和朋友出去吃頓飯。在你家附近走你最喜歡的路線?？纯茨愣燃贂r拍的照片。如果你只工作不娛樂，節(jié)后抑郁是很常見的。因此，在你回歸的第一周抽出一點時間來玩。)”可知，空處進行總結(jié)，按照上面提出的方法，即使假期結(jié)束了，也會感到快樂。G項：You’ll feel happy even if your holiday is over.(即使假期結(jié)束了，你也會感到高興。)符合語境。故選G。
Passage 3
（2023·北京·首都師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測）Children love getting dirty. 11 But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 12
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. 13
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多動癥) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. 14 The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
15 For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B．Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C．Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E．As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F．People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】11．D 12．A 13．G 14．B 15．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了孩子們在戶外玩耍、接觸大自然的重要性，并且指出這樣做對孩子們的身心健康及成長有著積極的影響，特別是在現(xiàn)代城市化的生活和環(huán)境背景下，更應(yīng)該注意讓孩子們參與戶外活動，樂享大自然。
11．根據(jù)前文“Children love getting dirty.(孩子們喜歡弄臟。)”結(jié)合下文“But”可知與空處轉(zhuǎn)折，D項“They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.(他們像泥濘的磁鐵一樣被水坑吸引，而不考慮鞋子或衣服的顏色。)”與上下文一致，表明小孩們非常喜歡玩泥巴，不會顧及自己的衣服和鞋子會被弄臟，這突顯出小孩們對于在室外玩耍的渴望，D項“他們被像泥濘的磁鐵一樣的水坑吸引，完全不考慮鞋子和衣服的顏色?！狈希蔬xD項。
12．根據(jù)前文“Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，許多父母可能暗暗希望他們的孩子有機會撿起一點泥土。隨著城市化的興起，以及電子游戲和社交媒體的誘惑，與大自然的接觸比過去少得多。)”可知現(xiàn)代的城市生活方式和娛樂活動可能與大自然的接觸缺乏，導(dǎo)致了小孩們越來越難以有機會和時間去在戶外玩耍，與A項“For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. (對于許多人來說，根本沒有機會變得泥濘。)”與上下文一致，故選A項。
13．根據(jù)前文“According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. (根據(jù)最近的研究，外面的污垢正在與友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空處會提到微生物的作用，與G項“They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它們可以訓(xùn)練免疫系統(tǒng)并建立對一系列疾病的適應(yīng)力，包括過敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也會幫助小孩的免疫系統(tǒng)去建立對很多疾病的的抵抗能力和適應(yīng)性，包括過敏和哮喘等疾病。故選G項。
14．根據(jù)上文“Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多動癥) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area.(支持這一理論，2009年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與在保存完好的城市地區(qū)的街道上步行20分鐘相比，患有多動癥的兒童在公園散步20分鐘后能夠更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然場景對小孩的精神和認知發(fā)展會有很好的刺激和幫助，與B項“Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. (靠近草木似乎對他們的思想產(chǎn)生了有益的影響。)”與上下文一致，故選B項。
15．根據(jù)下文“For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals. (例如，泥漿和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行為可以幫助兒童發(fā)展他們的感官和運動相互作用的方式，稱為感覺運動發(fā)展。這使孩子逐漸理解他或她的身體信號。)”可知本段主要講述了戶外玩?？梢詭椭⒆觽兏杏X運動發(fā)展，使他們理解他或她的身體信號，這是一種學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗，與C項“Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.(除了這些恢復(fù)效果外，戶外游戲還可以提供寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗。)”上下文一致，故選C項。
Passage 4
（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. 16 For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read.
Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. 17 Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 18 Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language.
19 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing?, the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. 20 For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.
A．Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.
B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.
C．As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.
D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use.
E．The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.
F．Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.
G．The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.
【答案】16．B 17．F 18．G 19．E 20．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了語言會隨著時間而變化，其原因很多樣，變化主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音三個方面。
16．前文“In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other.（在某些方面，語言的變化是令人驚訝的。畢竟，它們代代相傳，足以讓父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的話題語言的變化，后文“For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的時間里，日語的變化相對較小，而英語在短短幾個世紀內(nèi)就迅速演化。）”用日語和英語的變化情況作為例子，B項“Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.（然而，語言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，所有現(xiàn)存的語言都會隨著時間的推移而變化——盡管變化的速度不同。）”符合語境，和前文對語言變化的驚訝構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，是后文的例證支持的觀點，后文的“changed relatively little over a thousand years”“evolved rapidly in just a few centuries”解釋了其中的“at different rates”。故選B。
17．前文“Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration.（語言的變化有很多原因。由于社會、經(jīng)濟和政治壓力的影響，語言往往會發(fā)生大規(guī)模變化，因為有很多入侵、殖民和移民推動語言變化的例子。）”點明了本段的主旨語言變化的原因，介紹了外部宏觀環(huán)境的原因，F(xiàn)項“Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.（即使沒有這些影響，如果有足夠多的使用者采用一種新的說話方式，一門語言也會發(fā)生巨大的變化。）”符合語境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds of influences”指前文的“social, economic, and political pressures”，介紹了使用者方面的原因作為補充。故選F。
18．前文“But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是個體說話的獨特方式也會促進語言的變化，因為沒有兩個人使用一種語言的方式完全相同。）”提到了個體使用的語言存在差異，G項“The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.（人們使用的詞匯和短語取決于他們居住的地方、年齡、教育程度、社會地位和其他因素。）”符合語境，具體解釋了個體語言差異的原因。故選G。
19．空處位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落內(nèi)容。后文“Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened.（詞匯變化很快，比如從其他語言中借用新詞，或者新詞被創(chuàng)造、組合或縮略。）”、“While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly.（雖然詞匯變化很快，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)——句子中單詞的順序變化得比較慢。）”和“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期間，英語元音的發(fā)音發(fā)生了巨大變化。）”涉及語言變化中的詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音，E項“The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.（語言隨著時間的推移發(fā)生變化的三個主要方面是詞匯、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和發(fā)音。）”符合語境，概括了這三個方面的內(nèi)容。故選E。
20．后文“For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期間，英語元音的發(fā)音發(fā)生了巨大變化。這種轉(zhuǎn)變體現(xiàn)了中世紀英語和現(xiàn)代英語發(fā)音的最大區(qū)別。）”介紹的是語言變化的發(fā)音方面，A項“Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.（聲音的變化很難記錄，但同樣有趣。）”符合語境，引起后文內(nèi)容。故選A。
Passage 5
（2023·江西·江西師大附中校考三模）During job or school interviews, you’re likely to be asked what your strengths and weaknesses are, because the interviewers are interested in how your areas of strengths and weaknesses might affect your performance in this position. 21 For instance, you may be skilled in cooking, but if you’re applying for an office job, this strength may be irrelevant.
However, knowing your personal areas of strengths and weaknesses is not a piece of cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflection. 22 Or, ask some of your friends what they see as your best qualities or shortcomings.
23 For example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yours is planning; we both want to have the same career. We might go about getting there in very different ways. If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail. 24
Having a weakness doesn’t have to be a bad thing. It could be something you struggle with, but it could also be something you haven’t spent time developing yet. 25 For example, maybe your area of weakness is relevant to gratitude. You just haven’t spent a lot of time thinking about gratitude before. But now you engage in a bunch of activities that help you turn gratitude into an area of strength. Hey, now you’ve got one more skill!
A．Is it proper to begin with a truthful answer?
B．So ask yourself what you are good or weak at.
C．Our areas of strengths can help us achieve our goals.
D．Thus, it’s helpful to know your strengths related to the role.
E．Many job applicants are unsure how to approach this question.
F．By turning a weakness into a strength, you build other important skills.
G．That’s why it is important to know and use our strengths to reach goals.
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．G 25．F
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是如何認識和利用好自己的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。
21．根據(jù)空后的“For instance, you may be skilled in cooking, but if you’re applying for an office job, this strength may be irrelevant.(例如，你可能擅長烹飪，但如果你申請的是辦公室工作，這一優(yōu)勢可能就無關(guān)緊要了)”可知，此處舉例說明空處的內(nèi)容，所以此空處講述的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與“優(yōu)勢與職位是否相關(guān)”有關(guān)，D選項“Thus, it’s helpful to know your strengths related to the role.(因此，它有助于了解自己的優(yōu)勢與作用)”中的thus為關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合句意可知，D選項與空前內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，且內(nèi)容吻合。故選D項。
22．根據(jù)空前的“However, knowing your personal areas of strengths and weaknesses is not a piece of cake. It takes self-awareness and self-reflection.(然而，了解自己的優(yōu)勢和劣勢并不是一件容易的事。這需要自我意識和自我反省)”可知，認識到自己的優(yōu)勢不是一件容易得事情，根據(jù)空后“Or, ask some of your friends what they see as your best qualities or shortcomings.(或者，問問你的一些朋友，他們認為你的優(yōu)點和缺點是什么)”內(nèi)容中的or可以推斷，此空處講述的內(nèi)容與“如何了解自己的優(yōu)勢”相關(guān)，B選項“So ask yourself what you are good or weak at.(所以問問你自己你擅長什么或者哪方面弱)”內(nèi)容與空前內(nèi)容為因果關(guān)系，且與空后的or為選擇關(guān)系，符合邏輯。故選B項。
23．分析語篇可知，此空為本段的主題句，根據(jù)空后列舉的例子“For example, let’s say my strength is creativity and yours is planning; we both want to have the same career. We might go about getting there in very different ways. If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail. .(例如，假設(shè)我的優(yōu)勢是創(chuàng)造力和你的優(yōu)勢是計劃；我們都想擁有同樣的事業(yè)。我們可能會以非常不同的方式到達那里。如果我做了一些有創(chuàng)意的事情來得到我夢寐以求的工作，而你精心策劃，我們都有可能成功。但如果我試著做策劃，而你試著做一些有創(chuàng)意的事情，我們倆都可能失敗)”可知，該段舉例說明的是“恰當(dāng)利用好自己的優(yōu)勢能促進成功”，C選項“Our areas of strengths can help us achieve our goals.(我們的優(yōu)勢可以幫助我們實現(xiàn)目標(biāo))”講述的內(nèi)容與空后舉例內(nèi)容吻合，且概括了本段的主題。故選C項。
24．分析語篇可知，此空位于段位，可能是對本段的總結(jié)，根據(jù)空前的“If I did something creative to get my dream job and you planned carefully, we’d both likely be successful. But if I tried planning and you tried something creative, both of us might fail.(如果我做了一些有創(chuàng)意的事情來得到我夢寐以求的工作，而你精心策劃，我們都有可能成功。但如果我試著做策劃，而你試著做一些有創(chuàng)意的事情，我們倆都可能失敗)”可知，只有知道自己的優(yōu)勢并且利用合理能促進我們成功，但是利用不當(dāng)便會失敗，G選項“That’s why it is important to know and use our strengths to reach goals.(這就是為什么了解并利用我們的優(yōu)勢來實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)是很重要的)”中的that指代的內(nèi)容與空前的內(nèi)容吻合，且構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選G項。
25．根據(jù)空后列舉的例子“For example, maybe your area of weakness is relevant to gratitude. You just haven’t spent a lot of time thinking about gratitude before. But now you engage in a bunch of activities that help you turn gratitude into an area of strength.(例如，也許你的劣勢與感恩有關(guān)。你只是以前沒有花很多時間思考感恩。但現(xiàn)在你參與了一系列活動，這些活動可以幫助你把感恩變成一種優(yōu)勢)”可知，此處列舉內(nèi)容表達的是“劣勢有時候可以轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)勢”，F(xiàn)選項“By turning a weakness into a strength, you build other important skills.(把劣勢變成優(yōu)勢，構(gòu)建其他重要的技能)”講述的是“將劣勢轉(zhuǎn)換為優(yōu)勢的好處”，內(nèi)容與空后的舉例內(nèi)容相關(guān)。故選F項。
Passage 6
（2023·浙江·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Your moral compass, conscience, and ethics may all sound like the same set of values, but your moral compass can sometimes steer you away from rigid societal laws. Thus, when you’re faced with a decision, how you react is often driven by personal values you’ve acquired. 26
What is your moral compass?
Morality is what defines whether an action is perceived as good or bad. Morals guide your individual behavior within a society, which aren’t fixed. 27 Your moral compass provides guidance in making ethical decisions, while your conscience serves as an internal alarm system to alert you when you have violated our moral code. As for ethics, they tend to be the cultural and societal standards that outline how “everyone” is expected to behave.
28
According to modern psychologists, moral development is a part of three phases in childhood.
· Pre-conventional phase: Behaviors are driven by punishment avoidance and rewards.
· Conventional phase: Laws and rules of society are considered to gain others’ approval.
· Post-Conventional phase: Moral decisions are made from the perspective of individual rights.
How to find your moral compass?
It’s not always easy to know right from wrong, but you can try the following methods. Your moral compass is made up of your beliefs, so it may be helpful to actively review them. 29 You may also find it helpful to speak with people who can engage in open discussions about their moral positions.
30 It is what guides your behavior in times when societal rules regarding human rights and conduct conflict with your beliefs. Just hold it firmly and properly.
A．How does your moral compass develop?
B．Your moral compass is your personal guide.
C．What are the modern concepts of moral compass?
D．Not everyone would reach the final level in their lifetime.
E．Another way is by learning about the societies around you.
F．They may change as you face new experiences and gain life lessons.
G．Some of these values, which affect your judgement, make up your moral compass.
【答案】26．G 27．F 28．A 29．E 30．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是道德指南針、道德準則如何發(fā)展以及如何找到自己的道德指南針。
26．根據(jù)上文“Your moral compass, conscience, and ethics may all sound like the same set of values, but your moral compass can sometimes steer you away from rigid societal laws. Thus, when you’re faced with a decision, how you react is often driven by personal values you’ve acquired. (你的道德指南針、良心和倫理可能聽起來都是同一套價值觀，但你的道德指南針有時會引導(dǎo)你遠離嚴格的社會法律。因此，當(dāng)你面臨一個決定時，你的反應(yīng)通常是由你已經(jīng)獲得的個人價值觀驅(qū)動的)”可知，上文提到面臨決定個人價值觀會影響反應(yīng)，說明價值觀會構(gòu)成道德指南針。故G選項“其中一些價值觀會影響你的判斷，從而構(gòu)成你的道德指南針”符合語境，故選G。
27．根據(jù)上文“Morality is what defines whether an action is perceived as good or bad. Morals guide your individual behavior within a society, which aren’t fixed. (道德定義了一個行為是好是壞。道德在社會中指導(dǎo)你的個人行為，這是不固定的)”可知，本句承接上文說明道德發(fā)生改變的情況。故F選項“當(dāng)你面對新的經(jīng)歷和獲得人生教訓(xùn)時，它們可能會改變”符合語境，故選F。
28．根據(jù)后文“According to modern psychologists, moral development is a part of three phases in childhood. (現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)家認為，道德發(fā)展是童年三個階段的一部分)”可知，本部分的主旨是道德準則是如何發(fā)展的。故A選項“你的道德準則是如何發(fā)展？”符合語境，故選A。
29．根據(jù)后文“You may also find it helpful to speak with people who can engage in open discussions about their moral positions. (你可能還會發(fā)現(xiàn)，與那些能夠公開討論自己道德立場的人交談是很有幫助的)”可知，后文提到了與能夠公開討論自己道德立場的人交談，即通過周圍的社會了解自己道德準則。故E選項“另一種方法是了解你周圍的社會”符合語境，故選E。
30．根據(jù)后文“It is what guides your behavior in times when societal rules regarding human rights and conduct conflict with your beliefs. Just hold it firmly and properly. (當(dāng)有關(guān)人權(quán)和行為的社會規(guī)則與你的信仰發(fā)生沖突時，它會指導(dǎo)你的行為。只要牢牢地握好就行了)”可知，本段主要說明了道德指南針可以指導(dǎo)個人行為。故B選項“你的道德指南針是你的個人指導(dǎo)”符合語境，故選B。
Passage 7
（2023·山東聊城·統(tǒng)考三模）Long before metal oven racks (架子) were invented, many people would place the things that they wanted to bake onto stones to keep them from burning in ovens or even directly on heat. 31 However, there are actually many applications for its use in baking.
Typical baking stones can be made of various materials, and tend to be either round or rectangular in shape. The clay stone is popular, but some people like marble. Some have a shiny surface and others don’t have. 32 Some people suggest that heading to the local kitchen supply store to purchase a baking stone is a waste of time and instead they purchase tiles (瓦片) from kitchen or gardening stores. 33 They may contain high amounts of lead and cooks would need to test them for the presence of lead before using them to cook.
34 Baking stones absorb and keep heat very well, so when you put them in the oven and allow the oven to run for a while, the stones heat up. They transfer heat directly to the bottom of your bread or other goods, as the goods can be placed directly on the stone so they never start out on a cold surface. This allows bread to bake more evenly all over, resulting in a much nicer crust (酥皮)—particularly for artisan bread.
There are many benefits of using a baking stone to cook pizza or bread. 35 For another, the stone is also praised for its ability to evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza or other bread will burn.
A．The way that baking stones work is simple.
B．Baking stones can be found in all shapes and sizes.
C．For one thing, it tends to produce more desirable qualities.
D．That makes them uniquely useful for many cooking creations.
E．Today, the baking stone is associated most with cooking pizza.
F．So you can choose from a great variety of stones on the market.
G．However, most of these products are not rated for safety in cooking.
【答案】31．E 32．F 33．G 34．A 35．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了烘培石做披薩和面包的好處以及它在烘焙中有很多其它的應(yīng)用。
31．上文“Long before metal oven racks (架子) were invented, many people would place the things that they wanted to bake onto stones to keep them from burning in ovens or even directly on heat.”（早在金屬烤架發(fā)明之前，許多人就會把他們想烤的東西放在石頭上，以防止它們在烤箱中燒焦，甚至直接加熱。）引出話題，提到人們把想烤的東西放在石頭上。下文“However, there are actually many applications for its use in baking.”（然而，實際上它在烘焙中有很多應(yīng)用。）說明在烘焙中有很多應(yīng)用。結(jié)合選項E項Today, the baking stone is associated most with cooking pizza.（今天，烘焙石與制作披薩聯(lián)系最為緊密。）起到上下文的承上啟下作用，下文是對上文的語意遞進，上下文語意連貫。故選E項。
32．根據(jù)上文“The clay stone is popular, but some people like marble. Some have a shiny surface and others don’t have.”（粘土石很受歡迎，但有些人喜歡大理石。有些有閃亮的表面，有些則沒有。）可知，說明不同的選擇。結(jié)合選項F項So you can choose from a great variety of stones on the market.（所以你可以從市場上各種各樣的石頭中選擇。）可知，和上文內(nèi)容相關(guān)，形成因果關(guān)系，為上文內(nèi)容的語意遞進。故選F項。
33．根據(jù)下文“They may contain high amounts of lead and cooks would need to test them for the presence of lead before using them to cook.”（他們可能含有大量的鉛，廚師在用它們做飯之前需要測試它們是否含有鉛。）說明不安全的原因。可推知，上文為關(guān)于安全的內(nèi)容。結(jié)合選項G項However, most of these products are not rated for safety in cooking.（然而，這些產(chǎn)品中的大多數(shù)都沒有被評為烹飪安全。）符合此推斷，上下文語意連貫。故選G項。
34．根據(jù)下文“Baking stones absorb and keep heat very well, so when you put them in the oven and allow the oven to run for a while, the stones heat up.”（烘烤的石頭吸收和保持熱量非常好，所以當(dāng)你把它們放在烤箱里，讓烤箱運行一會兒，石頭就會變熱。）說明烘烤的石頭的方法。結(jié)合選項A項The way that baking stones work is simple.（烘烤石頭的方法很簡單。）和下文內(nèi)容意思一致，為總結(jié)下文內(nèi)容。故選A項。
35．上文“There are many benefits of using a baking stone to cook pizza or bread.”（用烤石做披薩或面包有很多好處。）說明烤石做披薩的好處。下文“For another, the stone is also praised for its ability to evenly heat the crust and lessen chances that pizza or other bread will burn.”（另一方面，這種石頭也因為它能均勻地加熱面包皮和減少披薩或其他面包燒焦的機會而受到稱贊。）說明烤石做披薩好處的原因之一。故可推斷空格處內(nèi)容為另外一種做披薩好處的原因。結(jié)合選項C項For one thing, it tends to produce more desirable qualities.（首先，它往往會產(chǎn)生更理想的品質(zhì)。）符合此推斷，上下文語意連貫。故選C項。
Passage 8
（2023·河南安陽·統(tǒng)考三模）Winter is one of the most magical times of the year to get moving. 36 However, when you wake up in the morning, it can be hard to follow through on an exercise commitment. Here are ways to keep that drive going throughout the cold months.
Work out with a group. 37 This gives you social support and can help with making friends. When you exercise with a group, flaking out (入睡) is no longer an option.
Dress for the weather. When you are working out in the winter, especially if you are exercising outdoors, keep yourself out of the cold in warm layers (層). 38 Make sure the top layer keeps out the snow and rain. If you plan to exercise outside in the dark or in bad weather, where visibility is poorer, wear bright and reflective clothing for safety.
Change up your workout. 39 Doing the same type of training can be demotivating. Those who vary their workout routines are 20% likelier to enjoy the exercise session. Switching up your routine can give you a boost of motivation, and help keep winter workouts fun and enjoyable.
40 Using phone apps, or a fitbit, or even going low tech and marking your calendar in red pen can help you visualize how you’ve progressed thus far. Finding a system that lets you track your exercise achievements can give you the extra push to get you going when the going gets hard.
New Year’s resolutions are a great opportunity to start an exercise routine. Sure working out during the winter may be an uphill battle, but there are strategies to get us over the hill, and onto a healthier, happier new year.
A．Track your training.
B．Variety is important to enjoy exercise.
C．You can make your workouts enjoyable.
D．Your layers should be, not just warm, but dry.
E．Use an app to remind you of an exercise routine.
F．Winter workouts give us energy to get through winter’s cold days.
G．One way to stay motivated during winter is to work out with a group or a partner.
【答案】36．F 37．G 38．D 39．B 40．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了讓人在冬季保持鍛煉的動力的方法。
36．根據(jù)前文“Winter is one of the most magical times of the year to get moving.（冬天是一年中最適合運動的季節(jié)之一。）”可知，前文提到冬季適合運動，F(xiàn)項“Winter workouts give us energy to get through winter’s cold days.（冬季鍛煉給我們能量來度過冬天的寒冷日子。）”符合語境，承接前文解釋原因。故選F。
37．根據(jù)前文“Work out with a group.（和一群人一起鍛煉。）”可知，本段介紹和一群人鍛煉，G項“One way to stay motivated during winter is to work out with a group or a partner.（在冬天保持動力的一個方法是和一群人或一個伙伴一起鍛煉。）”符合語境，后文的“This”指代其中的“to work out with a group or a partner”。故選G。
38．根據(jù)前文“When you are working out in the winter, especially if you are exercising outdoors, keep yourself out of the cold in warm layers (層).（當(dāng)你在冬天鍛煉的時候，尤其是在戶外鍛煉的時候，穿上保暖的衣服御寒。）”和后文“Make sure the top layer keeps out the snow and rain.（確保最外面的一層衣服能擋住雪和雨。）”可知，此處討論冬季鍛煉的穿衣，衣物要具備特定的功能，D項“Your layers should be, not just warm, but dry.（你的衣服不僅要保暖，還要干燥。）”符合語境，其中的“warm”和前文的“warm layers”呼應(yīng)，“dry”和后文的“keeps out the snow and rain”呼應(yīng)，說明另一個功能。故選D。
39．根據(jù)后文“Doing the same type of training can be demotivating.（做同樣的訓(xùn)練可能會讓人失去動力。）”可知，此處解釋重復(fù)做同樣的訓(xùn)練的壞處，B項“Variety is important to enjoy exercise.（多樣化對于享受運動很重要。）”符合語境，其中的“Variety”和前文的“Change up”呼應(yīng)，強調(diào)做不同運動的好處。。故選B。
40．空處位于段首，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容，且和前文其他段落首句同樣使用祈使句。根據(jù)后文“Using phone apps, or a fitbit, or even going low tech and marking your calendar in red pen can help you visualize how you’ve progressed thus far.（使用手機應(yīng)用程序，或者手環(huán)，甚至是低技術(shù)含量的東西，用紅筆在日歷上做標(biāo)記，都能幫助你可視化到目前為止的進展情況。）”可知，本段介紹要了解運動的進展，空處會簡潔地說明這一點。A項“Track your training.（跟蹤你的訓(xùn)練。）”符合語境，其中的“Track”和后文的“track”呼應(yīng)。故選A。
Passage 9
（2023·浙江·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）It’s commonly thought that people get into bad financial situations because of poor decision-making skills. 41 In fact, several studies over the last decade have demonstrated that the cause and effect may be more complex than is widely believed.
42 Scientists first asked the study participants a series of questions that made them think about their personal income and savings. They were then asked to solve a number of puzzles. Those in better financial situations performed better at solving the puzzles than those in financial trouble. However, when the test was repeated without making the participants think about their own finances, the differences in performance between the rich and poor disappeared. 43
In a separate study conducted in 2018 at the University of Texas, the brains of more than 300 people aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed for signs of good cognitive function. Among those aged between 35 and 64, it was found that those with better financial situations had healthier brains, including characteristics linked to having a better memory and a lower risk of dementia when elderly. However, in younger adults (those aged 20 to 34), there did not seem to be any connection between wealth and brain health. 44
It’s not difficult to guess why poverty might have these effects. People who live in poorer conditions often have difficulty affording healthy food. 45 And always worrying about having enough money to pay rent or put food on the table puts constant demands on the brain, leaving less processing power available for critical thinking. Indeed, it could be said that poverty is a vicious cycle, keeping people trapped by taking away their best means of escape-their ability to make smart decisions.
A．But is poverty really caused by poor thinking?
B．Unwise decisions people make, to a greater degree, contribute to tight budgets.
C．They are more affected by negative environmental elements such as pollution.
D．Taken together, these results indicate that long-term poverty only gradually causes wear and tear on the brain.
E．Therefore, the scientists concluded that poor thinking plays a major part in one’s future financial condition.
F．This suggested that the distraction of worrying about their bad finances made the poor people perform worse than those with no financial worries.
G．One study in the journal Science in 2013 showed that people’s abilities to solve problems can be significantly affected by their current financial situation.
【答案】41．A 42．G 43．F 44．D 45．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了人們陷入糟糕的財務(wù)狀況是否真的是因為糟糕的決策能力，并且分析了貧困給人們帶來的不好的影響。
41．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’s commonly thought that people get into bad financial situations because of poor decision-making skills.(人們普遍認為，人們陷入糟糕的財務(wù)狀況是因為糟糕的決策能力)”可知，上文提到的是人們陷入糟糕的財務(wù)狀況是因為糟糕的決策能力。而下文“In fact, several studies over the last decade have demonstrated that the cause and effect may be more complex than is widely believed.(事實上，過去十年的幾項研究表明，因果關(guān)系可能比人們普遍認為的要復(fù)雜得多)”則認為答案不是那么簡單。選項A“But is poverty really caused by poor thinking?(但是，貧窮真的是由糟糕的思維造成的嗎？)”對上文觀點提出質(zhì)疑，同時引出下文，也就是本文的主題——人們陷入糟糕的財務(wù)狀況的原因很復(fù)雜。故選A。
42．根據(jù)下文“Scientists first asked the study participants a series of questions that made them think about their personal income and savings. They were then asked to solve a number of puzzles.(科學(xué)家首先向研究參與者提出了一系列問題，讓他們思考自己的個人收入和儲蓄。然后他們被要求解決一些謎題)”可知，科學(xué)家們進行了一個實驗，想弄清楚個人經(jīng)濟狀況和解決謎題之間是否有聯(lián)系。選項G“One study in the journal Science in 2013 showed that people’s abilities to solve problems can be significantly affected by their current financial situation.(2013年發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究表明，人們解決問題的能力可能會受到當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟狀況的顯著影響)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，故選G。
43．根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Those in better financial situations performed better at solving the puzzles than those in financial trouble. However, when the test was repeated without making the participants think about their own finances, the differences in performance between the rich and poor disappeared.(那些財務(wù)狀況較好的人比那些財務(wù)困難的人在解決謎題方面表現(xiàn)得更好。然而，當(dāng)在不讓參與者考慮自己財務(wù)狀況的情況下重復(fù)測試時，富人和窮人之間的表現(xiàn)差異就消失了)”可知，根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，我們可以推斷人們解決問題的能力會受到自己經(jīng)濟狀況的影響。選項F“This suggested that the distraction of worrying about their bad finances made the poor people perform worse than those with no financial worries.(這表明，擔(dān)心自己糟糕的財務(wù)狀況會使窮人的表現(xiàn)比那些沒有財務(wù)問題的人更差)”是上文研究的總結(jié)，符合上文內(nèi)容。故選F。
44．根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“In a separate study conducted in 2018 at the University of Texas, the brains of more than 300 people aged between 20 and 89 were scanned and analyzed for signs of good cognitive function. Among those aged between 35 and 64, it was found that those with better financial situations had healthier brains, including characteristics linked to having a better memory and a lower risk of dementia when elderly. However, in younger adults (those aged 20 to 34), there did not seem to be any connection between wealth and brain health.(在2018年德克薩斯大學(xué)進行的另一項研究中，對300多名年齡在20歲至89歲之間的人的大腦進行了掃描和分析，以尋找良好認知功能的跡象。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在35歲至64歲的人群中，經(jīng)濟狀況較好的人大腦更健康，包括記憶力更好、老年癡呆癥風(fēng)險更低等特征。然而，在年輕人(年齡在20到34歲之間)中，財富和大腦健康之間似乎沒有任何聯(lián)系)”可知，研究人員進行了研究，以探究貧困和大腦健康之間的聯(lián)系。選項D“Taken together, these results indicate that long-term poverty only gradually causes wear and tear on the brain.(綜上所述，這些結(jié)果表明長期貧困只會逐漸導(dǎo)致大腦的磨損)”是上文研究結(jié)果的總結(jié)，該研究表明，長期貧困會對大腦無益。故選D。
45．根據(jù)段首句“It’s not difficult to guess why poverty might have these effects.(難猜測為什么貧窮會產(chǎn)生這些影響)”可知，本段分析了貧困為什么會有這些不好的影響。選項C“They are more affected by negative environmental elements such as pollution.(他們更容易受到污染等負面環(huán)境因素的影響)”指的正是貧困給人們帶來的不好的影響，與空前“People who live in poorer conditions often have difficulty affording healthy food.(生活條件較差的人往往難以負擔(dān)得起健康食品)”以及空后“And always worrying about having enough money to pay rent or put food on the table puts constant demands on the brain, leaving less processing power available for critical thinking.(總是擔(dān)心是否有足夠的錢支付房租或把食物放在桌子上，這對大腦提出了不斷的要求，從而減少了批判性思維的處理能力)”內(nèi)容上保持一致。故選C。
Passage 10
（2023·河南·校聯(lián)考三模）Keeping a schedule for your day will help you manage your time more efficiently. 46 Scheduling your day allows you to self- regulate and track your own behavior by keeping records of what you need to do and have done.
Obtain a calendar or planner. Make sure the calendar has appropriate space for you to list your tasks. Some calendars offer weekly, daily, or hourly planners. A notebook can also be used. Choose whatever best suits your wants and needs. Whatever you choose, commit to your choice. Do not try to have one planner for work, one for school, etc. 47
Organize your tasks. Electronic calendars allow you to mark tasks in different colors. For example, you can color work-related things red, school-related things blue, housework green, vacations orange, and exercise pink. 48 Simply use colored pens or pencils or highlighters. Once you’ve differentiated the different types of tasks you need to schedule, you can work to prioritize them.
Schedule a time for each task. 49 For example, you may have scheduled time in a given day to study (2 hours), work out (1 hour), write two emails (30 minutes), and walk the dog (30 minutes). It’s key to allow you the necessary amount of time to complete each task; you’ll only stress yourself out if you schedule yourself too tightly and aren’t realistic about the amount of time things take.
50 Keep some free space at the bottom of your schedule for low-priority things coming up later in the week. If you have time today or at any other point during your week, you can begin working on those items to get ahead. These additional tasks might include going through your closet or organizing your tax filing system at home.
A．Mark your prioritized tasks.
B．Leave space in your schedule.
C．Everything should be in one place.
D．Write how long you expect to spend on each task.
E．You can get more done and are less likely to forget tasks.
F．Most people generally underestimate the amount of time tasks take.
G．You can also do this easily if you’re using a paper calendar or notebook.
【答案】46．E 47．C 48．G 49．D 50．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些充分利用學(xué)習(xí)時間的建議。
46．根據(jù)前文“Keeping a schedule for your day will help you manage your time more efficiently.( 每天制定一個時間表將幫助你更有效地管理你的時間)”可知，制定一個時間表，你會更有效地管理時間，你就可以做得更多，也不太可能忘記任務(wù)或分心。因此推斷E項“你可以做得更多的工作，也不太可能忘記任務(wù)”符合文意，故選E。
47．前文“Whatever you choose, commit to your choice. Do not try to have one planner for work, one for school, etc.( 無論你選擇什么，都要堅持你的選擇。不要試圖為工作制定一個計劃，為學(xué)習(xí)制定一個計劃，等等)”講述制定一個計劃，不要制定過多的計劃，因此推斷C項“所有東西都應(yīng)該放在一個地方”符合語境，進一步解釋要制定一個計劃表，講所有計劃都放在上面。故選C。
48．前文“Electronic calendars allow you to mark tasks in different colors. For example, you can color work-related things red, school-related things blue, housework green, vacations orange, and exercise pink.( 電子日歷讓你用不同的顏色標(biāo)記任務(wù)。例如，你可以把與工作有關(guān)的東西涂成紅色，把與學(xué)校有關(guān)的東西涂成藍色，把家務(wù)涂成綠色，把假期涂成橙色，把鍛煉涂成粉紅色。)”講述在電子日歷上使用不同顏色標(biāo)記不同任務(wù)，下文“Simply use colored pens or pencils or highlighters.( 簡單地使用彩色鋼筆、鉛筆或熒光筆)”講述了另一種標(biāo)記方式，因此推斷空處提到了另一種記錄方式，因此推斷G項“如果你使用紙質(zhì)日歷或筆記本，你也可以很容易地做到這一點”符合語境，承上啟下。故選G。
49．根據(jù)首句“Schedule a time for each task.( 為每項任務(wù)安排一個時間)”可知，本段講述時間安排，下文“For example, you may have scheduled time in a given day to study (2 hours), work out (1 hour), write two emails (30 minutes), and walk the dog (30 minutes).(例如，你可以在一天中安排時間學(xué)習(xí)(2小時)，鍛煉(1小時)，寫兩封郵件(30分鐘)，遛狗(30分鐘)。)”舉例說明如何安排時間，每項任務(wù)花費多長時間，因此推斷D項“寫下你預(yù)計在每項任務(wù)上花費的時間”符合語境，開啟下文。故選D。
50．空處是段落主旨。根據(jù)下文“Keep some free space at the bottom of your schedule for low-priority things coming up later in the week. If you have time today or at any other point during your week，you can begin working on those items to get ahead. These additional tasks might include going through your closet or organizing your tax filing system at home.(在你的日程表底部留一些空閑的空間來處理本周晚些時候不重要的事情。如果你今天或這周的其他時間有時間，你可以開始做這些事情來取得進展。這些額外的任務(wù)可能包括整理你的衣柜或在家里整理你的稅務(wù)申報系統(tǒng)。)”可知，本段建議在你的計劃表上留出空間記錄其他不太重要的事情，因此推斷B項“在你的日程安排中留下空間”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

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