?專題13 閱讀理解七選五

1.（2023年全國甲卷）
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer. 16 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right ai our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. 17 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (滿足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 18 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● 19 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortabel is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ 20 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A．Find your causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncomfortable
D．All this adds up to a state of hurry
E．It can also help us practice more patience
F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience

2.（2023年全國乙卷）
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物種) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding

3.（2023年新高考I卷）
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯錯) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.

4.（2023年新高考II卷）
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful. Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反饋) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.

5.（2023年浙江卷1月）
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. 36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.


2022年新高考I卷
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___36___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何找到一個一起鍛煉的伙伴。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(《健身雜志》最近刊登了一篇題為《感謝健身伙伴的五個理由》的文章。一個理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會去鍛煉?！?”可知，這里陳述另一個和別人一起鍛煉的理由。所以選擇項C“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和別人一起訓練，你會更努力。)”符合上下文語境。故選C。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，決定你想從那個人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身體健康，能夠移動的力量和靈活性?)”可知，這里是一個問句，反問自己結(jié)伴鍛煉的目的。所以選擇項D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜歡的運動項目上成為更好的運動員嗎?)”符合上下文語境。故選D。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably won't result in a useful response. (你可能會考慮在社交媒體上發(fā)布你想要的東西，但可能不會得到有用的回應(yīng)。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房鍛煉，那個人一定是同一個健身房的。)”可知，尋找的鍛煉伙伴要具有便利性的特點。所以選擇項B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (鍛煉伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文語境。故選B。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭檔把她的要求貼在了當?shù)毓珗@的布告欄上。她的注意事項包括她想要做什么樣的鍛煉，每周多少天，每次培訓要花多少小時，以及她的年齡。它還列出了她最喜歡的運動和活動，并提供了她的電話號碼。)”可知，本段作者以自己的鍛煉伙伴為例，說明尋找鍛煉伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以選擇項G“Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (任何鍛煉伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包括這些信息。)”符合上下文語境。故選G。
【40題詳解】
根據(jù)前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侶可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit -- your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你們雙方都會受益——你的伴侶會舉起更多的重量，你也會變得更健康。)”可知，要學會求同存異，一起合作，共同提高。所以選擇項F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你們的不同，學會彼此合作。)”符合上下文語境。故選F。

2022年全國甲卷
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (禮節(jié)) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. B
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些外出就餐時要知道的一些重要事情。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)文章標題“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐時要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介紹的是外出就餐時應(yīng)該知道的重要事情。由此可知，D項“Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐館犯尷尬的錯誤)”符合語境，其中“at a restaurant”對應(yīng)標題中的“When Dining Out”，同時引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world. (知道一些技巧將有助于確保你和朋友或家人一起享受一頓愉快的晚餐——無論你在世界的哪個地方)”。故選D。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)本段小標題“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要講述的是使用筷子的規(guī)則。根據(jù)上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (當你在吃的間隙把它們放下來的時候，一定要把它們放在一起，這樣它們就和你面前的桌子邊緣平行了)”可知，此處講述了正確使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F(xiàn)項“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它們筆直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它們時交叉放置)”講述的也是使用筷子時的注意事項，符合此處語境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故選F。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)本段小標題“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要講述的是手和餐具的問題。根據(jù)上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中東，用左手吃飯被認為是非常不禮貌的。法國人希望你每只手拿一個餐具吃飯)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他們的雙手)”可知，此處在講述不同國家就餐時習慣使用哪只手的問題。由此可知，C項“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人認為用餐具吃飯是不合適的)”符合語境，與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)本段小標題“Making Requests”可知，本段主要講述的是用餐時提請求的問題。根據(jù)下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，這將是一個嚴重的錯誤，因為這向廚師表明你不喜歡他們的調(diào)味技巧。同樣，在意大利，永遠不要要求在食物中添加額外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些國家，用餐時提出要求是很無禮的。由此可知，G項“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃飯時要鹽和胡椒看似很簡單)”符合此處語境，其中“request”是關(guān)鍵詞，說明，在用餐時提出一些我們看來很平常的要求在某些國家是無禮的。故選G。
【40題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就會對它的外國文化習俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此處指在一個國家待得越久，就會越習慣當?shù)亓曀祝掖颂幨恰皌he+比較級，the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，B項“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某個國家待的時間越長)”符合文意，引出下文。故選B。

2022年全國乙卷
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (聯(lián)系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___36___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___37___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
· ___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】36. D 37. E 38. G 39. A 40. F
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。
【36題詳解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。）講是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D項“盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去” 給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合題意。故選D項。
【37題詳解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”（確保你已經(jīng)和你的朋友溝通過，了解你們想要聯(lián)系的頻率，以及哪種方法對你們雙方都最有效。）提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，E項“朋友需要談?wù)撍麄兿矚g的交流方式”承接上文，進一步提出對交流的方法的溝通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了持續(xù)的文字交流，還有其他選擇，比如留下語音信息或進行群聊。）對E項中的“methods of communication”進行了舉例說明，上下文語意連貫。故選E項。
【38題詳解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下來的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新環(huán)境中的那個）提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G項“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分別對應(yīng)下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G項符合題意。故選G項。
【39題詳解】
分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個方法，是第五段的小標題。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年紀念日和生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項“記得重要的日子”，所以A項符合題意。故選A項。
【40題詳解】
設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”（但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去維系。）講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項“朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“social media”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標題“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要僅僅依賴技術(shù)）中的“technology”。故選F項。

2022年1月浙江卷

I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____11____
Pick the most important.
____12____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. ____13____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (職業(yè)) around the people and activities you love.
____14____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone Celebrate progress and keep refining (改進) toward a happy productive existence. ____15____ Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【答案】11. F 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。作者給出了既可以充分利用時間又可以快樂放松的有效建議。
【11題詳解】
上文“I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.( 我和你一樣，每天都有24小時，但我做了具體的選擇，讓我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快樂和放松)”說明作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍舊感到快樂和輕松，根據(jù)下文段落小標題可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空格處應(yīng)是承上啟下，F(xiàn)項中的“help you make the most of your time”與上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建議，因此F項“也許這些建議會幫助你充分利用你的時間”符合語境，承上啟下。故選F。
【12題詳解】
根據(jù)段落標題“Pick the most important.”可知，本段建議挑選最重要的，下文“Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.( 把時間花在那些對你來說有趣和富有成效的事情上)”說明要挑選一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D項中的“what is meaningful in your life”與標題中的“the most important”一致，下文是對“Make choices”具體解釋。因此推斷D項“選擇你生活中有意義的東西”符合語境。故選D。
【13題詳解】
上文“Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.( 許多人瘋狂地試圖弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娛樂等方面度過時間)”說明許多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好時間，下文“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.( 找到一種結(jié)合的方式來享受它們)”說明可以把事情組合在一起享受，因此推斷空格處與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明不要試圖均衡時間，C項“不要試圖在它們之間平衡時間”符合語境。故選C。
【14題詳解】
空格處為段落小標題。根據(jù)下文“You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there. (你可能會認為學習需要花費了你更多的時間，但實際上總有一些新的方法可以為你節(jié)省出做日常事務(wù)的時間，為你騰出時間去做最重要的事情。尋找在這里或者那里贏回一個小時的新方法)”可推斷，本段講述學習雖然花費很多時間，但總是能有一些方法為你節(jié)省時間做其他事情，因此要做有效的學習者。因此推斷B項“做有效的學習者”為段落標題，故選B。
【15題詳解】
下文“Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.( 每一次的完成都是一個小的勝利，累積起來就是一個大的勝利)”說明事情要一件一件去做，G項中的“making lists”與之呼應(yīng)，因此推斷G項“這就是為什么列清單在任何生產(chǎn)手冊中都很重要的原因”符合語境，this指代上文“The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress and keep refining (改進) toward a happy productive existence.( 在大多數(shù)情況下，世界不會因為你沒做完幾件事而走向末日。慶祝進步，不斷改進走向一個快樂而富有成效的存在)”解釋了列出清單一件一件完成任務(wù)的原因。故選G。

2021年新高考I卷
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了作者夫婦兩人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先，作者介紹了她住的房子；其次，說明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，說明法國人對待生活的態(tài)度，相較于工作效率他們更看重生活品質(zhì)。
【36題】上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我剛在巴黎待了一周)”說明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我們做的第一件事就是租了一個非常昂貴公寓，在第六層，只有一個櫥柜那么大)”是空格處的結(jié)果，因此空格處需要填原因；根據(jù)F項“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我們的目標是看看我們是否在某種程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下來，所以需要租房子，兩句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選F項。
【37題】上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不過，這個地方并不是地道的法國住房)”是段落的中心句，說明第二段主要內(nèi)容是講解公寓的情況。下文提到了樓宇和電梯的情況。C項“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一個漂亮的廚房和一張舒適的床)”提到了廚房和床，這些都屬于公寓的配置。故選C項。
【38題】上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他們吃得很好，而且從不發(fā)胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法國草莓嘗起來不像紙板。相反，它們會像小炸彈一樣在你嘴里爆炸)”在說明法國的草莓很好吃。上下文結(jié)合可知，因為法國的食物質(zhì)量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很滿足，同時吃的少也就不會發(fā)胖了。G項“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快樂)”符合語境要求。故選G項。
【39題】第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采購了食物，買了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都認為這是我們吃過的最好的水果。但它們要18美元!)”說明法國的水果好吃但是也很貴。選項E“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(這并不是法國人吃得比我們少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段關(guān)于法國人吃的少但是不胖的話題，同時引起下文，給出了法國人吃的少的另一個原因‘物價貴’。故選E項。
【40題】根據(jù)上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法國生活質(zhì)量比效率更重要。這一點你能從咖啡館生活看出來。法國的咖啡廳總是很擁擠)”可知，上文說明了法國人對待工作不是很積極且咖啡廳里顧客很多。下文“When do these people work?(這些人什么時候工作？)”是一個問句，說明本句屬于過渡句，承接上文說明咖啡廳里的造成擁擠的客人的情況，A選項中有“customer”符合咖啡館的情境設(shè)定，同時講述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味著大部分人都是當?shù)厝?，符合下文的提問。故選A項。
2021年新高考II卷
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些幫助提高閱讀速度的建議。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.（如果你唯一的閱讀是小說或雜志，那么你閱讀的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必須大量閱讀來學習，你就會感激能夠更快地閱讀的好處。）”可知，接下來要介紹提高閱讀速度的方法。D項：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（這里有一些幫助提高閱讀速度的建議。）符合語境。故選D。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)本段主題句“Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.（在你打開書之前，確保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要說明要給自己創(chuàng)造舒適的閱讀環(huán)境。G項：Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.（保持房間涼爽而不是溫暖以避免困倦。）符合語境。故選G。
【18題詳解】
空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc（查看目錄、前言、章節(jié)標題等。）”可知，本段主要講述在閱讀一本書之前要先瀏覽一下大致內(nèi)容。B項：Spend a few minutes looking through the book.（花幾分鐘瀏覽一下這本書。）符合語境。故選B。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time.（如果你決定要讀完整本書，決定一下你一次能讀多少。）”和下文“A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.（以故事形式包含事實的歷史書比科學題材的書更容易閱讀。）”可知，看書時間的長短取決于書的類型。C項：This depends on the type of book you are reading.（這取決于你讀的書的類型。）符合語境。故選C。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)段落主題句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside you.（總是在身邊放一支鉛筆和一張紙。）”可知，本段強調(diào)要隨時注意記筆記。E項：Make a note of any page which is of special importance.（把任何有特別重要的一頁都記下來。）符合語境。故選E。

2021年全國甲卷
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（資源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了通過衣物交換來處理舊衣服的方法——衣物交換派對，以及一些具體的流程。
【16題】根據(jù)上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you 're- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的（看起來）完好但你可能有點厭倦的衣服呢？）”提出關(guān)于如何解決舊衣物的問題。下文“It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里買衣服、同時開派對的最好方法。）”提到了具體處理舊衣物的方法。所以空白處應(yīng)起承上啟下的作用，承接上文講到的問題，啟下提出的方法。因而空白處是提出了一種處理舊衣物的好方法。B項“Hold a clothing swap.（進行衣物交換。）”給出了一種處理舊衣物的方法，承上啟下，符合語境。故選B項。
【17題】根據(jù)上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀請5到10個人，這樣你就有一個很好的選擇。）說明了應(yīng)該邀請的人數(shù)。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇；多于這個數(shù)量，它就變得無法控制。）說明多于或少于一定數(shù)量的人數(shù)將會導致一些麻煩。所以空白處應(yīng)是針對下文中的“more than that”提出的相反的假設(shè)，即少于一定數(shù)量的人。A項“Less people than that”（少于這些人）提出一種假設(shè)，和下文中“more than that”相對，說明人數(shù)不宜太多，也不能太少，符合語境。故選A項。
【18題】根據(jù)下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他們還應(yīng)該準備大量的可重復使用的袋子，把他們的“新”衣服帶回家。）說明去的時候應(yīng)該為交換所得的“新衣服”準備袋子。G項“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.”（告訴每個人帶來品相完好的衣服。）說明去參加衣物交換的時候應(yīng)該帶完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相對，都是為交換衣物所做的準備。下文中的also也是提示詞，并且其中They指代G項的everyone。所以G項符合語境。故選G項。
【19題】根據(jù)上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同類型的衣服放在房間的不同地方。）指出衣服應(yīng)該歸類放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房間周圍放幾面鏡子，這樣人們試穿時就能看到衣服的樣子。）提到了放置鏡子的意義。由此可見，本段講述的是房間里的一些具體的做法，所以空白處一樣要提出人們在房間里要做什么。F項“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（讓每個人的衣服都放在相應(yīng)的位置上。）”說明每個人應(yīng)該按照不同類型把衣服擺放在相應(yīng)的位置，符合語境。故選F項。
【20題】上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（設(shè)置開始時間。也許你說“開始”，或者打開一首歌，或者無論什么。）打開音樂或者無論什么，意味聚會開始。下文“And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!”（別忘了拿出一些餅干和水果。記住，這是個派對?。┲v到了聚會上應(yīng)該提供一些派對該有的服務(wù)。因而，空白處應(yīng)是承接上文，講述聚會期間要保持應(yīng)有的內(nèi)容。D項“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始終播放音樂。）承上啟下，說明在派對上要有音樂，與前文形成意義上的一致，符合題意，故選D項。
2021年全國乙卷
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （講臺）. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（贊揚）. ___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在晚宴上讓自己表現(xiàn)得有趣的一些方法。
【36題】根據(jù)上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣并不難)”可知，下文應(yīng)主要講述如何在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去嘗試，去冒險，嘗試不同的食物，和陌生人交談)”可推知，本段主要說明想在晚宴上讓自己變得有趣，就要勇于冒險，勇于探索。由此可知，B項“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選B項。
【37題】根據(jù)下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以帶入“我有這輛破舊的車”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑話的瘋子一起乘坐公共汽車?！彼皇谴蜷_了對話)”可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是提了一個不太好的問題，只是開始交流，但并不會給人留下有趣的印象。由此可知，C項“If you ask the question “How did you get here?”(如果你問“你是怎么到這里來的？”這個問題)”能夠承接下文，符合題意。故選C項。
【38題】根據(jù)下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，此處指出了一個問題的解決辦法。由此推知，設(shè)空處提到了一個棘手的問題。F項“What about the person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking(喝太多酒或一直說個不停的人怎么辦)”正是提出的問題，引出下文的解決辦法，符合題意。故選F項。
【39題】根據(jù)上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (講臺). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個不?！边@個問題提供方法。由此可知，E項“Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say(或者把談話變成他們沒什么可說的話題)”是提出的另一個解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項。
【40題】根據(jù)上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尷尬的沉默，唯一能讓大家再次交談的方法就是贊美主人)”可知，此處指出贊美主人可以緩解尷尬的沉默，設(shè)空處承上啟下，下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.(這蛋糕特別好吃，你得告訴我它的一切)”對主人進行了贊美。由此可知，宴會上出現(xiàn)尷尬的沉默時，最尷尬的就是主人，所以需要贊美主人來緩解尷尬。G項“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到那種尷尬的人)”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項
2021年北京卷
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推測） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是音樂對身體的好處。
35題詳解】
空格后說“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音樂對心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），F(xiàn)選項It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照應(yīng)了mental health benefits，因此F選項切合題意，故選F。
【36題詳解】
空格后說“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，當一個人處于痛苦中時，音樂是非常有益的），However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對音樂的負面評價，B選項Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是負面評價，因此B選項切合題意，故選B。
【37題詳解】
空格前說“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺前聽些輕松的音樂），D選項They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼應(yīng)，因此D選項切合題意，故選D。
【38題詳解】
空格前說“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在歐洲的一項研究中，參與者聽音樂，研究人員監(jiān)測他們的心率和血壓），G選項Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照應(yīng)，因此G選項切合題意，故選G。
【39題詳解】
空格后說“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，開著收音機還可以對一系列其他健康問題有益，這就是音樂如此有價值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂對身體總的好處，E選項The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive講的是音樂對整體健康的影響是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E選項切合題意，故選E。

2021年6月浙江卷
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直覺）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Paulo Magalhaes創(chuàng)建postcrossing.com的過程及其現(xiàn)狀。Paulo Magalhaes非常喜歡明信片但是苦于身邊沒有與他志趣相投的人，于是他開始從網(wǎng)上尋求志同道合的人，因而創(chuàng)立了postcrossing.com。隨著公司在全球不斷壯大，語言成為溝通的主要障礙，后來英語被選為共同語言方便大家交流。
【11題】上文“Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored image of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall.( 34歲的葡萄牙電腦工程師Paulo Magalhaes喜歡打開他的郵箱，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗牛場圖像。或者非洲的維多利亞瀑布?；蛘呤侵袊拈L城)”介紹了Paulo喜歡明信片的個人愛好。下文“... and you realize that not everyone is into it.”說明他身邊缺少與他志趣相投的人。選項G“In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a scribbled note from someone far away.(簡而言之，他喜歡明信片，也喜歡收到遠方某人潦草的便條時的那種興奮)”起到承上啟下的作用，總結(jié)了上文Paulo喜歡明信片，也引出下文關(guān)于他的喜好得不到回應(yīng)的問題。故選G項。
【12題】上文““I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it(“我經(jīng)常給家人和朋友寄明信片， ”他說，“但你可以想象，過一段時間，你收到的明信片不會像你寄的那么多，而且你意識到并不是每個人都喜歡這樣。”)”說明Paulo意識到身邊的親人和朋友不是都和他有相同的愛好，因此他也很坦然接受這個事實，因此選項A“那完全沒問題”符合語境。故選A項。
【13題】上文“Today his hobby has evolved into the website Postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he launched it 10 years ago.(如今，他的這個愛好已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了Postcrossing.com這個社交網(wǎng)站。自從10年前他創(chuàng)建這個網(wǎng)站以來，已經(jīng)有來自214個國家和地區(qū)的575217名注冊用戶)”是在介紹目前網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展狀況，因此符合文意的只有E選項“8月5日，會員互贈的明信片數(shù)量達到3100萬張”是在介紹該網(wǎng)站相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)。故選E項。
【14題】上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.(收到一張用中文寫的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，這個概念就行不通)”是舉例說明他國人收到中文明信片時的問題。選項F“Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card written in Swedish takes part of the fun away.(同樣地，如果你只會說中文，收到瑞典語的卡片也會奪走一部分樂趣)”是舉例說明中國人收到他國語言明信片時也會遇到相同的問題。兩句相結(jié)合，符合結(jié)論句的語義要求，故選F項。
【15題】上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.(許多中國人很少能接觸到英語)”說明對某些人來說學習英語的門檻較高。結(jié)合下文“... who actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing.(他們實際上通過使用明信片來提高他們的英語技能)”可知，寫明信片成為一種練習英語的渠道。因此選項B “這使得學習和練習它變得格外困難 ”符合語境要求，說明對一些人來說學習和練習英語的難度較高，因為渠道較少。故選B項。
2021年1月浙江卷
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. ___11___
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. ___12___Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the probability:____13____So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line- called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. ___14___This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
____15____It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C. Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【答案】11. A 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是說明文。文章說明了雜貨店排隊方式以及研究人員提出的蛇形隊伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。
【11題詳解】
下文“It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster. （原來，這只是你的數(shù)學問題；很可能，另一個隊伍真的更快。）”解釋了上文“You chose wrong.(你選錯了)”的原因，下文與空格處是因果關(guān)系，所以本空應(yīng)該是對前文選錯提出疑惑，故選A項。
【12題詳解】
上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.（雜貨店盡量讓足夠的員工在結(jié)賬時讓所有的顧客以最小的延誤完成結(jié)賬。）”解釋了雜貨店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption a price check, a chatty customer -can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.（任何一個小小的中斷，一個價格檢查，一個喋喋不休的顧客，都會產(chǎn)生下游效應(yīng)，拖住整個生產(chǎn)線。）”描述了雜貨店的特殊情況，故本空應(yīng)該填出現(xiàn)特殊情況的原因，故選G項。
【13題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. （如果雜貨店中有三列隊伍，延遲將在不同的隊伍中隨機發(fā)生。）”聯(lián)系下文“So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.（所以這不僅僅是在你的腦海里：另一條隊伍可能移動得更快。）”可知本空說的是任何一個隊伍都有可能出現(xiàn)問題。你的隊伍跑得最快的幾率只有三分之一。故選D項。
【14題詳解】
根據(jù)“上文Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.(我們得知研究人員有一個很好的方法來處理這個問題)”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone little bit but speed up checkout overall.（這個大多數(shù)銀行和快餐店都是這樣做的。有了一條蜿蜒的隊伍，在一個登記處長時間拖延不會不公平地懲罰后面排隊的人。相反，它會減慢每個人一點點，但加快了整體結(jié)帳速度。）”說明這個新方案迅速有效，聯(lián)系上下文可知，空格中應(yīng)該是與舊的結(jié)賬方案作比較。故選F項。
【15題詳解】
結(jié)合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or manpower.（要保持一條生產(chǎn)線的快速運轉(zhuǎn)，需要很多的收銀機，而且有些商店負擔不起空間和人力。）”說明了一個原因，由此可知，空格處提出了一個問題；通過“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.(保持一條生產(chǎn)線的快速運轉(zhuǎn))”可知這里描述的是不鼓勵蛇形隊伍的原因。故選B項。

2020·新課標Ⅰ
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. ___36___ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●___37___ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ___38___ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. ___39___
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. ___40___ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾個自我接納的小技巧。
36.根據(jù)題目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(這有很多可以幫你找到正確方向的方法。)可知，選項B. Where do you start? (從哪里開始那？)最合下文語境，故選B項。
37.根據(jù)下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最終你會因為自己的生活比他們的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在這個世界上是獨一無二的。)可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因為生活是我們自己的，我們也是世界上獨一無二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和別人進行比較。)可以作為本段中心句，故選F項。
38.根據(jù)本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原諒自己所犯的錯誤。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你會一次又一次地犯錯誤。)可知，選項D. Remember, you are only human.(記住，你只是個人。)與上下文銜接最好，故選D項。
39.根據(jù)上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學位，今天就起床了。)可知，選項C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.(沒有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝。)與上文銜接最好，故選C項。
40.結(jié)合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用語言來解釋為什么你覺得自己不值得，為什么你覺得自己不夠好?，F(xiàn)在，自己讀一下這些話。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日記本上記下你的有點和成就的那頁?？吹侥阌卸喟袅藛?？)可知，選項A. Feeling upset again?(再次感覺心煩意亂了嗎？)最合上下文語境，故選A項。
2020·新課標Ⅱ
Emoji(表情符號) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. ___36___. It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. ___37___, encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. ___38___. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲線). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(語氣). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? ___39___. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
___40___ and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. G 39. B 40. F
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了表情符號以及在工作交流所帶來的優(yōu)勢。
36.根據(jù)前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亞洲，即時通訊平臺正在迅速發(fā)展，無論是工作還是娛樂，都有數(shù)億用戶)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(據(jù)報道，在一些西方國家，76%的員工在工作中使用表情符號)”可知，前后句都說明了即時通訊平臺受歡迎程度。所以選擇項D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (這些平臺的受歡迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合題意。故選D。
37.根據(jù)前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符號可以增加幽默和感情，保持明確的意圖)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓勵更好更頻繁的交流)”可知，這里陳述使用表情符號的優(yōu)點。所以選擇項A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符號的信息讓人感覺更健談)符合題意。故選A。
38.根據(jù)前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一間辦公室，員工年齡從22歲到70歲甚至更大，在交流中找到共同點可能是一項挑戰(zhàn))” 中關(guān)鍵詞句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”與選擇項中“all work generations”是一致的。故選G。
39.根據(jù)前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (誰沒有收到過毀掉了一整天的郵件呢？)”和后文介紹表情的優(yōu)點，可知，這里陳述電子郵件的缺點。所以選擇項B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的電子郵件也會顯得冷淡和不友好)故選B。
40.根據(jù)后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符號可以直接促成這種積極的結(jié)果)”可知，這里陳述表情符號能給工作場所帶來的好處。所以選擇項F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的溝通會帶來更快樂的工作場所)故選F。
2020·新課標Ⅲ
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the panty. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ___39___
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. ___40___ Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G
【解析】
本文是說明文，介紹了喬遷聚會的目的，禮物的選取，活動安排和名稱的由來。
36.上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(這個聚會是朋友和家人祝賀新家的機會)。介紹慶祝喬遷之喜的聚會是親戚朋友祝賀搬新家的人的一次機會，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(現(xiàn)在是時候用愛和希望的禮物來填補新家了)。介紹這也是給新家裝滿愛和希望禮物的好時機。E項：它也給了人們一次看看新家什么樣的機會。與上下句并列，都是慶祝喬遷之喜聚會的目的，故選E。
37.下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列舉了參加聚會所帶禮物的清單，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術(shù)品或綠植。這些都和參加聚會帶禮物有關(guān)，B項：帶禮物去參加喬遷派對是一種傳統(tǒng)，概括了本段內(nèi)容，引出下文，故選B。
38.本段介紹了聚會的活動安排，根據(jù)后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(這一點通常是值得贊賞的，因為在喬遷派對上不會提供很多食物)。指出因為新搬家，所以主人不會準備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動。那么本句是在建議你可以帶上自己的食物或飲料與其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不會準備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動。C項：你也可以帶上食物或飲料與其他客人分享。故選C。
39.本段提到在喬遷聚會上人們會聚餐，主人帶領(lǐng)客人參觀新家。上句提到，由于喬遷聚會是在搬進新家后不久舉行的，人們可能會被要求幫助打開箱子。根據(jù)常識可知在喬遷聚會上讓客人們幫忙干活是不常見的，A項：但這并不常見。表達了此意，與上文銜接，故選A。
40.上句介紹了喬遷聚會名稱的由來，根據(jù)bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人們會帶柴火作為禮物，那么本空承接上文說明了帶柴火的目的和作用。G項：這樣人們就可以在冬天的時候保持家里溫暖。符合語境。故選G。
2020年山東卷
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.___16___Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ ___17___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.___18___
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.___19___And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
___20___It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D
【解析】
本文是說明文。文章介紹了成為好的演講者需要掌握的一些原則。
16.本文主題是介紹成為好的演講者要掌握的一些原則。上句提到有些人生來就有演講的天賦。G項:然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有影響的演講者，是因為他們受過訓練。與上句轉(zhuǎn)折，引出本文主題--演講者要訓練。故選G。
17.下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主題，建議演講者把注意力集中在演講上。上句提到一種常見現(xiàn)象，當站起來發(fā)表演講時，演講者往往會把注意力放在”公眾”上，而不是”演講”上。這是錯誤的做法，A項Do the opposite.承上啟下，說明了上句做法的錯誤，引出了下句正確的做法。故選A。
18.本段提到即使成功的演講者也會犯錯誤，觀眾不會太在意你的錯誤。上句建議當出錯時不要停止演講，除非是非常嚴重的錯誤。C項:你不需要為一個小失誤道歉。與上句承接，是對待演講出錯的方法。故選C。
19.本段是說明練習的重要性。上句提到你的目標不是成為一個完美的演說家，下句應(yīng)該說明目標是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.與上句銜接，是我們演講的真正目的。故選B。
20.下文提到觀眾并不是認為演講越長越好，根據(jù) Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建議讓演講比預(yù)期的短一點，給觀眾更多的期待勝過讓他們坐立不安地等待演講結(jié)束。D項:公開演講時，通常少就是多。說明了演講時，多和少的辯證關(guān)系。故選D。
2020年6月浙江卷
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. ___31___ His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ___32___ I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ___33___
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. ___34___ I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特點) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
___35___My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【答案】31. G 32. D 33. A 34. F 35. E
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者養(yǎng)成幾個生活習慣的原因。
31.設(shè)空在段中，應(yīng)是承前啟后句。根據(jù)后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)提及“his”的身份，即G項中的“My elder brother”，且G項“我哥哥懶得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G項。故選G項。
32.根據(jù)前句提到“我對文字的愛始于母親每天晚上給我讀故事的時候”可知，D項“我喜歡書中的彩色照片”和上句構(gòu)成進一步說明。同時D項中的“書”指代上句提到的母親每天給我讀故事的書。D項切題。故選D項。
33.根據(jù)前句提到“閱讀為我打開了新世界”可知，A項“我不在孤獨”和上句構(gòu)成了因果關(guān)系。A項切題。故選A項。
34.根據(jù)前句“當我的母親看到我的創(chuàng)作時，她說我的設(shè)計很有創(chuàng)意”可知，F(xiàn)項“于是，我開始對制造東西產(chǎn)生了長久的興趣”和上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我正是在聽了母親那句話后才開始了對制造東西產(chǎn)生興趣。F項切題。故選F項。
35.根據(jù)后句“無論天氣或季節(jié)，我的父母都要讓他們的兩個孩子花時間在戶外”可知，E項“我很早養(yǎng)成的另一個習慣是去戶外”和前句表示因果邏輯。作者有去戶外的習慣是因為后句提到的父母的影響。E項切題。故選E項。
2020年1月浙江卷
Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹瀉)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.
B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
【答案】31. A 32. E 33. D 34. F 35. G
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。主要說明了水是我們生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我們這樣幸運能喝到干凈的水。世界上大約有7.5億人沒有干凈的水喝，每年有50多萬兒童死于臟水引起的腹瀉。就此聯(lián)合國決定3月22日為世界水日，并在當天舉辦活動來教育人們關(guān)于臟水的問題，讓人們知道清潔的水是全世界每個人都應(yīng)該擁有的。
【31題詳解】
根據(jù)下文For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生產(chǎn)我們吃的食物的農(nóng)民，使用水使植物生長。當我們打開電燈或電視或電腦的開關(guān)時，我們使用能源，我們需要水來產(chǎn)生這種能源）可知下文是在列舉人們間接使用水的例子，故A選項“我們也間接地用水?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選A。
【32題詳解】
根據(jù)下文That's around one in 10 people in the world.（那大約是世界上十分之一的人）可推知本句為說明世界上沒有干凈水喝的人數(shù)。故E選項“你知道大約有7.5億人沒有干凈的水喝嗎?”符合上下文語境，故選E。
【33題詳解】
根據(jù)上文Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些國家，孩子們每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可對應(yīng)到D選項中walk many hours a day to get water，故D選項“如果孩子們每天走很多小時去取水，他們就不能去上學?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選D。
【34題詳解】
結(jié)合下文On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的這一天，世界各國都會舉辦各種活動，讓人們了解臟水的問題，讓他們知道清潔的水是全世界每個人都應(yīng)該擁有的）是在說明世界水日當天的活動，故可知本句為說明世界水日的設(shè)立時間，故F選項“1993年，聯(lián)合國決定3月22日為世界水日?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選F。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)前文At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在英國的一所學校，10到15歲的孩子負重6升水來步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文繼續(xù)說明這一做法的意義是讓孩子們了解帶著沉重的瓶子走很長的距離是什么感覺。故G選項“通過這種方式，他們知道帶著沉重的瓶子走很長的距離是什么感覺?！狈仙舷挛恼Z境，故選G。

2020年北京卷
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對困難時期和提高個人生活質(zhì)量的強大而有效的工具。
【46題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我對話是一個人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對一些事件、現(xiàn)象、人，甚至是他自己都沒有意識和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同時，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對話，開始形成對一個問題的積極的觀點)”由此可知，上文對自我對話進行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對話，可知本句是在說明消極的自我對話對人的不良影響。后文中negative self-talks可對應(yīng)到B選項中Negative self-talk。故B選項“消極的自言自語會損害自信，降低自尊”符合語境，故選B。
【47題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(積極思考的人壽命更長，抑郁和焦慮率更低，身心更健康，死于心臟問題的風險更低。積極的思考也有助于一個人處理問題和困難的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對人的益處，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可對應(yīng)到D選項中Positive thinking。故D選項“積極思考對身心有幾個有益的影響”符合語境，故選D。
【48題詳解】
根據(jù)后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當危機伴隨著強烈的情緒時，比如自然災(zāi)害，積極的思考可以為抑郁和焦慮提供一種緩沖)”可知，后文舉出的例子說明了積極思考可以讓一個人在面臨危機時，保持冷靜。故C選項“它幫助一個人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語境，故選C。
【49題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(積極思考的、有韌性的人傾向于把每一個問題都看作是一個挑戰(zhàn)，一個改進的機會，或者一個個人成長的機會。相反，悲觀主義者傾向于將問題視為額外壓力的來源)可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進一步解釋說明悲觀主義者在解決問題時一些性格特點。上文Pessimists可對應(yīng)到G選項中They。故G選項“他們常常在試圖解決問題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問題”符合語境，故選G。
【50題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (總之，積極思考是應(yīng)對困難時期和提高個人生活質(zhì)量的強大而有效的工具。當一個人拒絕注意到一個問題時，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系)”可知，本句承接上文進一步說明一個人拒絕注意到問題的影響，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系，也不會引起任何嚴重的情緒不適。故A選項“它也不會引起任何嚴重的情緒不適”符合語境，故選A。

2019·全國卷I
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情緒).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新鮮空氣的好處：新鮮空氣中的氧氣，陽光對人們的身心健康均有好處。人們已經(jīng)開始利用大自然和治愈疾病的關(guān)系，建造“康復花園”，治療病人了。
36.E 【解析】根據(jù)下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，該空應(yīng)該是一個一般疑問句，選項中只有E選項是一般疑問句。故選E：但是新鮮空氣真得像你母親說的那樣對你有好處嗎？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和選項中的“your mother always said”亦是呼應(yīng)。
37.A 【解析】根據(jù)下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鮮空氣充滿賦予人生命的，充滿活力的氧氣。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是對前文的遞進：在戶外，更多的氧氣進入你的肌肉和大腦。根據(jù)前面的分析可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到新鮮空氣的基本作用，根據(jù)常識，我們知道吸入的空氣首先進入的是肺部，然后才會使我們的肌肉和大腦受益，故該空應(yīng)選A選項：新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺部。
38.G 【解析】根據(jù)下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到表示地點的復數(shù)名詞。選項中只有G選項提到該類名詞，故選項G：在全國，康復中心已經(jīng)開始建造“康復花園”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C 【解析】前文介紹的是“康復花園”中的綠色植物對于病人康復的好的作用：綠色的正在成長的植物可以減輕壓力，降低血壓，使人情緒良好?？蘸筇岬健八o我們一種平和感”。該空起承上啟下的作用，仍然要提到處于“康復花園”這種自然環(huán)境中的好處，空后的it也要指代這種情況。故C選項切題：身處大自然可以使人精神煥發(fā)。
40.D 【解析】根據(jù)下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，該段介紹的陽光的好處。故該選項應(yīng)該提到陽光。選項中只有D選項涉及陽光。故選D：獲得新鮮空氣的另一個好處是陽光。
2019·全國卷II
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short- and long-term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章作者對于怎樣設(shè)定具體目標，給出了一些方法。
36.G 【解析】上文說“動機和目標設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”。下文說“就像孩子在跳水臺，難以決定”。該空承上啟下，G選項“沒有目標，你就既不能設(shè)定目標，也無法實現(xiàn)它”切題，故選G。
37.B 【解析】下文說“不僅如此，你應(yīng)該如何為實現(xiàn)你的目標保持積極性”。該空引出下文，B選項“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵自己呢”切題，故選B。
38.A 【解析】上文說“有時候你的心不在工作上”，下文說“所以，減慢速度，想一想那時候，你到底想干什么”。該空承上啟下，A選項“這會影響你的工作”切題，故選A。
39.E【解析】上文說“記得，目標是靈活的”。該空承接上文，E選項“它們會根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變而改變”切題，故選E。
40.C 【解析】上文說“你可能想當一名飛行員，但是不能成為一名飛行員，因為你的視力不夠好?！毕挛恼f“你應(yīng)該重新評估你的目標，并且設(shè)定一個新的目標”。該空承上啟下，C選項“然而，這也不要使你沮喪”切題，故選C。
2019·全國卷III
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(邏輯)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教學大綱)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(論壇), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌。
36.E【解析】根據(jù)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌，故選項E符合語境。
37.G【解析】根據(jù)其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（與課程內(nèi)容相關(guān)的問題是受歡迎的），解釋了什么樣的問題是好問題，可知，與G項“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼應(yīng)，要提一些好的令人深思的問題，故選G。
38.A【解析】根據(jù)前一句 Participate in discussion forums（論壇）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開放式的對話論壇。而這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂采用的交流的途徑，故選A。
39.C【解析】根據(jù)本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是訓練有素的護士，不是經(jīng)濟援助專家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享個人信息或故事，如果他們需要更多信息的話，他們會主動問起的，故選項C符合語境。
40.F【解析】通讀本段，并根據(jù)本段主題句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告誡讀者，每個人都可能曾經(jīng)上過不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開表達對教授或班級的不滿，要利用課程評價冷靜地提出你的意見。選項F符合上下文語境。
2019·北京卷
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比賽)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了建立一支最佳陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復雜得多。一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。
46.B【解析】上文說“大多數(shù)人相信建立一個偉大團隊的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的人個人”。下文說“公司花費數(shù)百萬雇傭頂級商業(yè)人士?！痹摽粘猩蠁⑾?，也是在舉例，B選項“運動隊老板花費數(shù)百萬美元吸引頂尖人才。”切題，故選B。
47.E【解析】下文說“他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結(jié)果有好有壞?！痹摽找鱿挛模珽選項“最近的幾項研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用。”切題，故選E。
48.G【解析】上文說“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場好的表現(xiàn)要求隊員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動的程度”，下文說明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G選項“這項任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球?！鼻蓄}，故選G。
49.D【解析】上文說了“一個球星為了個人得分，而影響團隊的表現(xiàn)”，該空承接上文，D選項“球星顯然沒有遵守運動員精神的基本原則”切題，故選D。
50.F【解析】下文說“一支一流球隊可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員?！痹摽找鱿挛模現(xiàn)選項“建立一支最佳陣容球隊比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復雜得多?！鼻蓄}，故選F。
2019年浙江卷
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(傳說). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了披頭士的發(fā)展和影響，引領(lǐng)了一種潮流趨勢。
31. C【解析】第一段講述搖滾音樂，根據(jù)空后的at that time可知前句提到了時間，而且與rock music有關(guān)，選項中只有C 項講的是搖滾音樂，并且講述了其發(fā)展的時間，故選C。
32. B【解析】空前后都是講述披頭士的出名程度，根據(jù)空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此處描述了他們的影響，選項B （甚至他們的發(fā)型在那時也成為了一種潮流）符合文意，且關(guān)鍵詞even是一個提示，故選B。
33.A 【解析】根據(jù)空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他們不確定美國人怎樣反應(yīng)），可知他們首次來美國演出，所以A項（決定首次到美國開巡回演出）符合文意，故選A。
34. G【解析】根據(jù)空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)concert，選項G中的關(guān)鍵詞their first concert 前后呼應(yīng)。故選G。
35. E【解析】根據(jù)空前（由于披頭士，市場上出現(xiàn)了很多機會），E項（很多新樂隊（新面孔）都是模仿披頭士），符合邏輯。故選E。
2018年全國I卷
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了室內(nèi)設(shè)計中顏色的選擇問題。
36. 36題以逗號結(jié)尾，后面另起一個簡單句，可以從句子結(jié)構(gòu)排除D,E,F,G項。根據(jù)前文的三個問句可知，此處是從中選擇一種。故選B（不管你尋找哪一種）。
37. 前文：在過去的許多年里，有許多技術(shù)幫助設(shè)計者實現(xiàn)這一要點；下文：它們有點復雜。所以A（然而他們都很有用）承上啟下。符合題意。
38. 本空是一個主題句，總說選擇小型顏色是我們很熟悉的方法。后文分說小型顏色選擇具體用于哪些。故選D。
39. 根據(jù)前文“中型顏色選擇通常是指一些例如沙發(fā)，餐桌或者書架等家具的顏色選擇”，接著表明這種范圍的顏色選擇是比小型顏色選擇在兩種方式上更高一級，故選G。
40. 根據(jù)前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant（你所付諸的時間、精力和相關(guān)的費用是巨大的），后文F項（那肯定是值得的，因為你想第一次把它弄好）是上文的結(jié)果。故選F。
2018年全國II卷
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. F 39. B 40. A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。列舉了早晨鍛煉對人體的四條好處，號召人們早點起床，進行身體鍛煉。
36. 根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容“生活忙碌沒有時間鍛煉”和空后的內(nèi)容“晨練除了身體健康之外，還能帶來其他好處”，下文接著列舉了晨練的其他好處。由此可知，此處缺一個承上啟下句。G項中then listen up!（那么請仔細聽!）很好的起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G。
37. 根據(jù)上一句Exercising makes you more awake（鍛煉能讓你更清醒），E項（你可以在運動后保持頭腦清醒4-10個小時。）是對上一句的進一步解釋。故選E。
38. 空前句子是本段的主題句，晨練是新陳代謝的開始，空后句子說如果晨練，則你會得到卡路里一整天都在燃燒的益處，F(xiàn)項（鍛煉之后，你一整天都在燃燒卡路里。）是空后句子的根據(jù)，空后句子是對F項的進一步延伸。故選F。
39. 此處缺一個主題句?？蘸缶渥咏忉屃嗽缙疱憻挼娜吮韧砩襄憻挼娜怂酶谩項（你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高了。）是對后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。
40. 根據(jù)空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨鍛煉身體，你將更有可能堅持健康的食物選擇。）”，A項(你將堅持你的飲食。)符合本段內(nèi)容，是主題句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。故選A。
2018年全國III卷
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. A 39. F 40. E
【解析】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了跳舞的好處。
36. 根據(jù)后文We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. 等可知，這里是說在美國到處有人跳舞，從佛羅里達到阿拉斯加，從北到南等，故選B。
37. 根據(jù)前文舞蹈課為各個年齡階段的人架起了橋梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根據(jù)后句it’s great to watch them，根據(jù)人稱可知是在談?wù)撍麄?，所以D和F符合，再根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，此段主要介紹了跳舞對他們的好處，故選D。
38. 根據(jù)第四段后句，是通過舉例介紹人們跳舞的原因，故選A。
39. 根據(jù)前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他們的心情徹底改變，故選F。
40. 根據(jù)文章前后句可知，此處人稱為第一人稱，所以E符合語境，作者結(jié)合自己的跳舞經(jīng)歷介紹了跳舞給自己帶來的好處。
2018年浙江卷
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood. the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C
【解析】怎樣成為一個鄰居都喜歡的人，作者給了幾點建議。
31. 考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講如果你想成為鄰居中一個可以接受和有價值的部分，最簡單的方法就是確保你的行為舉止像一個好鄰居。下文是具體做法，G項：這里有一些技巧，可以幫助你迅速贏得鄰居的信賴。承上啟下，故選G。
32. 考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段介紹和鄰居關(guān)系融洽最重要的是保持干凈整潔的戶內(nèi)戶外環(huán)境，F(xiàn)項中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鮮和誘人，與本段意思一致，故選F。
33. 考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段主要建議要重視社區(qū)的整體面貌，出門拿上一個垃圾袋，E項：遇到從路過的汽車里扔出的廢紙，把它撿起來。與上句連接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故選E。
34. 考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段是建議用鄰居可以接受的方式幫助他們，同時尊重鄰居的隱私。B項：好鄰居就是喜歡在小的方面幫助別人的人，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選B。
35. 考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。最后一段是總結(jié)，只要我們考慮周到，尊重他人，照顧好屬于自己的東西，為周圍的人感到自豪，很快就會成為一個大家都喜歡的好鄰居。C項中considerate behavior是下文內(nèi)容的概括，故選C。
2018年北京卷
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（觸發(fā)）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消極的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【答案】51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了導致人們生氣的三個原因并指出如何防止憤怒爆發(fā)。
51. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到導致人們生氣的三個主要原因： triggering（觸發(fā)）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的幾段具體分析了這三個原因與生氣的關(guān)系。故該句應(yīng)該起承上啟下的作用，故F選項（如果我們愿意用批判性的目光來評估自己的話，那么了解這些原因?qū)刂莆覀兊膽嵟＃┏猩蠁⑾?，故選F。
52. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。該空前面兩句提到引發(fā)憤怒的事件很多，例如：堵車，截止日期臨近，身體疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事會激發(fā)一個人的怒氣，但其他人卻不會為此而生氣的原因是由于個人的歷史和心理特征。該空承上啟下，應(yīng)當提到某件事會使某些人生氣，但不會使別人生氣這個現(xiàn)象，故G選項（人們對這些事情的反應(yīng)不一樣，這就導致使一個人生氣的事情可能會讓另一個人生氣，也可能不會讓另一個人生氣。）承上啟下，故選G。
53. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到：每個人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比較好強，氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到：而且，有時候，pre-anger并不一定是一種持久的狀態(tài)，而是一種觸發(fā)事件發(fā)生前的暫時狀態(tài)。該空承上啟下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （擁有這些個性特征意味著憤怒之前的狀態(tài)，憤怒就在你的大腦背景中。）承上啟下，故選E。
54. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：有時候，甚至常規(guī)性的事件也會變成pre-anger或惱怒的來源。有時候?qū)@些情況的無知和負面觀點會產(chǎn)生憤怒。該空位于段首，引出下文，故A選項（我們的對情況的態(tài)度和看法也會在我們內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生憤怒。）是本段的主題句，概括全段內(nèi)容，故選A。
55. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：但是生氣很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸┝?，所以最好了解一下憤怒的原因來阻止它的存在。該句和上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合剩余選項可知，D選項（憤怒是一種特別強烈的感情，或許人們認為他們有理由生氣）和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D

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