?2022北京懷柔高一（上）期末
英 語
注意事項：
1. 本試卷共10頁，分為三部分。考試時間90分鐘，試卷滿分100分。
2. 考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。
3. 答題前考生務必將答題卡上的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆填寫。
4. 答題卡上選擇題必須用2B鉛筆作答，將選中項涂滿涂黑，黑度以蓋住框內(nèi)字母為準，修改時用橡皮擦除干凈。非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆按照題號順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，未在對應的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答或超出答題區(qū)域作答的均不得分。
5. 考試結束后，考生應將試卷和答題卡放在桌面上，待監(jiān)考員收回。
第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
When I look back at the first half of the year, I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through. But the biggest one was definitely my high school graduation ___1___.
When I first arrived in the Czech Republic (捷克) four years ago, I was just a normal exchange ___2___ who spoke only English. Then at the end of the year-long exchange program, I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.
At that time, I was only sixteen and delighted by my new future. But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language, which is considered to be one of the most popular ___5___ in the world. As I lacked (缺少) ___6___ of certain subjects, I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate. However, I practiced all the time. Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently and my ___7___ grew.
The final exam day came. Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey, I felt ___8___ and confident.
In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam. At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone. “One student, she is from China with only three years of learning Czech, she ____10____.”
My journey through high school was finally finished. Though the journey of university is just about to begin, I think I am ready.
1. A. speech B. exam C. present D. custom
2. A. teacher B. expert C. engineer D. student
3. A. finishing B. canceling C. examining D. preparing
4. A. value B. ability C. challenge D. benefit
5. A. places B. music C. songs D. languages
6. A. knowledge B. letter C. luck D. magazine
7. A. money B. fear C. confidence D. worry
8. A. sad B. troubled C. terrible D. encouraged
9. A. passed B. failed C. avoided D. missed
10. A. got away B. broke down C. made it D. calmed down
第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
A
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
My husband was looking___11___our two little nieces. They started crying when my husband cooked lunch. He ran into the room and___12___(see) a small scorpion(蝎子), so my husband picked it up. The older girl said, "Girls can't deal with it." My husband told her, "you never have to be afraid of something only because you’re a gin. You are as smart and strong as any boy.” He held the scorpion's tail with his___13___(finger). The girl asked to hold it. So my husband put it on her hands while he held the tail. She was so proud of___14___(her) that she talked about it until she went to sleep.
B
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Yoga makes you feel___15___( relax) and you feel all “at one" with your body. Smith Farm is now offering people the chance ___16___(do) their daily yoga with goats. In fact, the goats don't actually take part in the yoga. They are more for moral support(精神支持), preventing you from getting bred. "It is a wonderful experience,” says Smith, “It may sound silly but it's truly getting outside in nature with beautiful scenery and lovely animals around you. Animals can ___17___(real) help humans deal with stress, illness or sadness.”
C
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~。在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
It is easy and very powerful to be kind to those who are kind to you. Yet, to experience the full power of your sincere kindness, offer it to people ___18___ are careless and rude to you. Sure, it is difficult to forgive those who are hurtful lo you. But the way to stop the hurt is by refusing to participate in it. Forgiveness gives you the upper hand. Be the one who is strong, who ___19___(stop) the rudeness. Put the power of kindness ___20___ forgiveness to work for you and your world.
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A

EcoCentral
This website is all about looking after the Earth. There are facts about different animals, as well as information about forests, deserts and oceans. You can upload your own videos onto the site for everyone to see.
TeenPress
This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing. You can share your work with others, and there are message boards where you can chat about things that are important to you.
ChannelTwenty
On this site you can watch a daily news program and search for information about big news stories. There are also videos on different subjects, articles about famous bands, games and competitions.
Inside-the-cover
Finding out about your favorite writers is easy on this site There are lots of interesting articles and information about the latest books. You can read blogs by well-known writers and post questions to them. And you are likely to get replies from them.
Tune-in
There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online. You can save your favorite songs in your own list. If you’re in a band, you can record your music and upload it. The website is large, but the menus are easy to use.
ScienceZone
There’s lots of information on this site about maths, chemistry and biology. You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams. There are also some very cool games, such as Save the Planet.
21. TeenPress is a website for teenagers who _____.
A. enjoy writing B. care about the Earth
C. like watching the news D. are interested in music
22. On Tune-in, you can _____.
A. take writing classes B. listen to songs
C. learn about the latest books D. watch news programs
23. If you like visiting online museums, which website is best for you?
A. EcoCentral. B. ChannelTwenty.
C. Tune-in. D. ScienceZone.
24. The author writes the passage to _____.
A. introduce websites to teenagers
B. teach teenagers to design(設計) websites
C encourage teenagers to create websites
D. compare(比較) different websites for teenagers
B
Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (運送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.
Anurudh Ganesan, 17, knows this firsthand. When he was a baby in India, his grandparents carried him 10 miles to a health clinic in a remote village to receive a vaccine. But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.
Vaccines, Anurudh later learned, must be kept cool to stay effective. But refrigerating (冷藏) them requires electricity (電) or ice—valuable things that many developing countries lack (缺少).
Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激發(fā)) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (輕便的) vaccine-carrying device (裝置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.
Anurudh first got his idea for Vaxxwagon in 2014. He read several textbooks to learn everything he could about refrigeration, and then he did research online to learn more about vaccines. Rather than depending on electricity or ice, Anurudh worked out a way to use wheels to power a refrigeration system for about eight hours. The entire rechargeable (可再充電的) cooling system can be pulled to areas in need of vaccines by a bicycle, a car, or an animal. Eventually, Anurudh took his design to professors at Johns Hopkins University for advice. Not only did they think Vaxxwagon could work, but they offered him funding to help build it.
Anurudh was rewarded with the 2015 Google Science Fair LEGO Education Builder Award for his invention. Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.
Anurudh, who plans to pursue engineering degree in college, says, “Don’t give up on your ideas. But always try to help others with your projects. That’s the point of engineering—to help people.”
25. Why do many children die every year?
A. They lack excellent medical teams. B. They can not afford usable medicines.
C. They don’t have an electricity system. D. They have no chance to get usable vaccines.
26. What is special about Vaxxwagon?
A. It is a device with cooling system. B. It can produce safe vaccines.
C. It can find deadly diseases. D. It can be a means of transport.
27. Which of the following words can best describe Anurudh?
A. Caring and creative (有創(chuàng)造力). B. Clever but lazy.
C. Determined and independent. D. Honest and hard—working.
28. What can we learn from the story?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. All roads lead to Rome.
C. Motivation(動力)is the mother of success.
D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
C
How to Make Friends, According to Science
Friendship is one of life’s most important features, and one too often taken for granted.
The human wish for companionship (交往) may be no end, but research suggests that our social capital (資本) is finite (有限的)—we can only handle a certain number of relationships at one time. Social scientists have used some creative approaches to measure the size of people’s social networks; these have returned estimates (估計) ranging from about 250 to about 5,500 people. Looking more specifically at friendship, a study using the exchange of Christmas cards to test closeness put the average person’s friend group at about 121 people. However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller. The average American trusts only 10 to 20 people. Moreover, that number may become smaller: From 1998 to 2017, the average (平均的) number of trusted friends decreased (減少) from three to two. This is both sad and of important result, because people who have strong social relationships tend to live longer than those who don’t.
So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive. To begin with, don’t refuse to consider the ordinary acquaintance (交情). Even interacting with people with whom one has weak social ties has a meaningful influence on well—being. Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time. A recent study out of the University of Kansas found that it takes about 50 hours of socializing to go from acquaintance to casual friend, an additional 40 hours to become a “real” friend, and a total of 200 hours to become a close friend.
If that sounds like too much effort, renewing inactive social ties can be especially rewarding. Reconnected friends can quickly get back the trust they built before, while offering each other a dash of novelty(新奇)drawn from whatever they’ve been up to in the meantime. And if all else fails, you could start randomly to tell secrets to people you don’t know that well. Self-disclosure (自我表露) makes us more likable, and as a bonus, we are more likely to favor those to whom we have revealed our soul.
Longing for closeness and connection is common and everywhere, which suggests that most of us are stumbling (跌跌撞撞) through the world, expecting companionship that could be easily provided by the lonesome stumblers all around us. So set aside this article, turn to someone nearby, and try to make a friend.
29. From Paragraph 2, we can know that ______.
A. a strong social relationship means a long life
B. real friendships are based on the exchange of presents
C. people’s inner circle becomes smaller
D. people’s social networks depend on their wish for companionship
30. What does the author suggest to improve one’s social life?
A. Sharing secrets with close friends. B. Choosing likable people as friends.
C. Avoiding the ordinary acquaintance. D. Spending time for deeper friendships.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The tips on how to develop friendship.
B. The reasons for seeking companionship.
C. The benefits brought by a good social life.
D. The relationship between friendship and happiness.
D
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to think what life would look like without cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.
Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.
Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
32. How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article?
A. Four. B. Three.
C. Two. D. One.
33. If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is ______.
A. to have no work to do B. to keep the air clean
C. to get a better life D. to go to work by bike
34. What is the conclusion (結論) of the writer?
A. Bicycling is the only way out.
B. The number of cars must be cut down.
C. Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.
D. Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
How old is “old”?
How old is “old”? ___35___ More than two hundred years ago, you were old at 35. That was the average life then. At the turn of the 20th century, as medical knowledge advanced, the average life span (長度) increased to 45. In 1950, 70-year-olds were really old. Today, a healthy 70-year-old is looking forward to many more active years.
So, how old is old? The answer is one you’ve heard many times, from all sorts of people. “You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日歷) simply tells you how many years you have lived. ___36___
Once an unknown author wrote, “Youth is not a time of life but it is a state of mind. Nobody grows old by living a number of years. ___37___”
___38___ Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’ What does that mean? Is there some model that you’re supposed to look a certain way at 65 and 75 and 85? You know you can die old at 30 and live young at 80.”
There are many wrong ideas about aging. ___39___ Here are some of the more common ones. For example, most older people are in poor health, or older people are unable to change.
A. Old is a point of view.
B. It’s extremely terrible to be grown old.
C. The answer has changed over the years.
D. Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.
E. Older people are stubborn, unable to change.
F. People grow old by giving up their goals.
G. These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.
第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）
第一節(jié)（共4小題，每小題3分，共12分）
閱讀下面短文并按要求完成閱讀任務。請將答案書寫在答題紙相應位置。
Most cultures have a festival of light. Each culture celebrates this festival in a different way. There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.
The Jewish Festival of Light is called Hanukkah. Hanukkah usually takes place in December. The story of why Hanukkah is celebrated is very old. It is told that a very long time ago, Jewish people called the Macabees were at war with a country called Syria. On the day that the Macabees won the war, they cleaned up their holy place, which is called a temple, because the Syrian people had been living there. They wanted to light their holy lamps to say thank you for the end of the war, but found only a very small amount of oil left over to do that. The Macabees lit the lamps anyway, thinking that they would soon go out. The lamps kept burning for eight days! The Jewish people celebrate Hanukkah every year by lighting a candlestick that has eight candleholders. Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together. Presents are given at this time and money is given to the poor.
Lanterns are another form of light. In China, lanterns are famous works of art. The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15th day of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close. During the festival, parks become a sea of lanterns. Sometimes streets are blocked off and lanterns are put down on each side to make a hallway of lanterns. People also hang lanterns in their gardens, outside their houses or on boats. The lanterns are made in many shapes, sizes and colours. They are usually made from silk, paper and plastic. Some are even made from ice. It is believed that these lanterns will guide visitors and the spirits of ancestors to the celebrations. The Lantern Festival is a time for families, young and old to spend together. Every New Year the wish is the same—peace and happiness to all.
40. What’s the same with the festivals of light in different cultures? (不超過11個單詞)
41. Why do the Jewish light a new candle every night during the festival? (不超過12個單詞)
42. What festival brings an end to the new year season? (不超過5個單詞)
43. What is the purpose of this article? (不超過8個單詞)
第二節(jié)（20分）
44. 假設你是李華，你的英國好友Jim對中國的元宵節(jié)感興趣，請你用英文給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 元宵節(jié)的時間及慶祝活動；
2. 節(jié)日意義并期待與他共度。
提示詞（供參考）：元宵：sticky rice balls；燈謎：lantern riddles；廟會temple fairs
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


參考答案
第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）
第一節(jié) 完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了作者在捷克努力學習，最終通過考試的故事。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但最大的一次考試肯定是我的高中畢業(yè)考試。A. speech演講；B. exam考試；C. present禮物；D. custom習俗。根據(jù)上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through”和下文“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最大的挑戰(zhàn)是畢業(yè)考試。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：四年前，當我第一次來到捷克共和國時，我只是一個只會說英語的普通交換生。A. teacher老師；B. expert專家；C. engineer工程師；D. student學生。根據(jù)“I came up with the idea of ___3___ my high school studies there.”可知，作者是個學生。故選D。
【3題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在為期一年的交換項目結束時，我萌生了在那里完成高中學業(yè)的想法。A. finishing完成；B. canceling取消；C. examining檢查；D. preparing準備。根據(jù)下文“But I didn’t realize the ___4___ of completing school in the Czech language”可知，作者想要在那里完成高中學業(yè)。故選A。
【4題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我沒有意識到用捷克語完成學業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)，捷克語被認為是世界上最流行的語言之一。A. value價值；B. ability能力；C. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D. benefit益處。根據(jù)上文“I am amazed by how many challenges I have been through.”可知，此處是信息詞challenge的詞匯復現(xiàn)。故選C。
【5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. places地點；B. music音樂；C. songs歌曲；D. languages語言。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代Czech language，此處表示捷克語被認為是世界上最流行的語言之一。故選D。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于我缺乏某些學科的知識，我得到了最差的分數(shù)，周圍的人懷疑我是否能畢業(yè)。A. knowledge知識；B. letter信；C. luck運氣；D. magazine雜志。根據(jù)下文“I received the worst marks and people around doubted whether I could graduate.”可知，作者由于缺乏某些學科知識，導致成績差，不知能否畢業(yè)。故選A。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，我可以流利地與人交流，我的信心也增加了。A. money錢；B. fear害怕；C. confidence自信；D. worry擔心。根據(jù)上文“However, I practiced all the time.”和下文“Gradually, I could communicate with others fluently”可知，作者的自信心加強了。故選C。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：想到一路上幫助和支持我的每一個人，我感到鼓舞和自信。A. sad難過的；B. troubled麻煩的；C. terrible可怕的；D. encouraged感到鼓舞的。根據(jù)“Thinking about everyone who had helped and supported me along my journey”可知，作者受到許多支持者、幫助者的鼓舞。故選D。
【9題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在五月，我收到通知，我已經(jīng)通過了考試。A. passed通過；B. failed失?。籆. avoided避免；D. missed錯過，思念。根據(jù)下文“At my graduation ceremony, my Czech teacher said very proudly in front of everyone.”可知，作者收到考試通過的通知。故選A。
【10題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：“有一個學生，她來自中國，只學了三年捷克語，她成功了?！盇. got away離開；B. broke down分解，出故障；C. made it獲得成功；D. calmed down冷靜。根據(jù)“In May, I received notice that I had ___9___ the exam.”可知，作者最終通過了考試，獲得了成功。故選C。
第二節(jié) 語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）
【答案】11. after
12. saw 13. fingers
14. herself
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講的是“我”丈夫在照看兩個小侄女時，因為一只小蝎子兩個女孩哭叫起來，在丈夫的鼓勵下，大侄女勇敢地嘗試拿一下這只蝎子，她為自己感到驕傲，一直談論到睡覺。
【11題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：我丈夫正在照顧我們的兩個小侄女。根據(jù)后文，我的丈夫跑進屋內(nèi)查看發(fā)生了什么事情，可知丈夫是在照顧兩個小侄女。look after照顧，是固定短語，故填after。
12題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：他跑進房間，看見一只小蝎子，所以我丈夫把它撿了起來。see和ran into是并列的謂語動詞，因此應該使用一般過去時，故填saw。
【13題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他用手指握住蝎子的尾巴。根據(jù)常識判斷，丈夫用手握住蝎子的尾巴，應該是使用不止一只手指，因此finger要使用復數(shù)形式，故填fingers。
【14題詳解】
考查反身代詞。句意：她為自己感到自豪，一直談論到睡覺。侄女對“自己”感到很自豪，因此使用反身代詞，故填herself。
【答案】15. relaxed
16. to do 17. really
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講的是每天與山羊一起做瑜伽，實際上是讓你在自然環(huán)境中到處走走，欣賞周圍美麗的風景和可愛的動物，以幫助人類應對壓力，疾病或悲傷。
【15題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：瑜伽會讓你感覺到放松。feel是聯(lián)系動詞，后面應該接形容詞作表語，relax（放松）是動詞，它的形容詞是relaxed（放松的），故填relaxed。
【16題詳解】
考查不定式。句意：這個農(nóng)場現(xiàn)在提供人們和山羊一起做瑜伽的機會。chance（機會）后面用不定式短語作后置定語，chance to do表示“做某事的機會”，故填to do。
【17題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：動物真正地可以幫助人類處理壓力、疾病或者是悲傷的情感。此處應該使用副詞修飾動詞help作狀語，real（真的）是形容詞，它的副詞是really，故填really。
【答案】18. who/that
19. stops 20. and
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講的是友善的力量，發(fā)揮善意的力量為每個人服務。
【18題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：但是，要體驗你真誠的善意的全部力量，請將善意提供給對你粗心和無禮的人。people是定語從句的先行詞，此處應該填入關系代詞代替people在從句中作主語，故填who或that。
【19題詳解】
考查主謂一致。句意：做一個堅強，阻止粗魯?shù)娜?。根?jù)第一個who引導的定語從句，可知第二個定語從句中的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，并且who指代先行詞the one在從句中作主語，謂語動詞應為單數(shù)，故填stops。
【20題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：用善良和寬恕的力量為你服務。kindness（善良）和forgiveness（原諒）是并列的兩個名詞，故填and。
第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）
第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是應用文，文章介紹了六個不同類型的網(wǎng)站。
【21題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TeenPress網(wǎng)站的介紹“This is one of the best sites on the web for teenagers who love writing.”可知，該網(wǎng)站是面對喜歡寫作的青少年的。故選A項。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tune-in網(wǎng)站的介紹“There are millions of songs on this website for you to download or listen to online.”可知，你可以在該網(wǎng)站上下載或在線收聽歌曲。故選B項。
【23題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScienceZone網(wǎng)站的介紹“You can visit some of the world’s most famous museums, or watch wildlife via webcams.”可知，如果想?yún)⒂^一些世界上最著名的博物館，可以瀏覽ScienceZone網(wǎng)站。故選D項。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者向青少年介紹了六個網(wǎng)站的內(nèi)容，所以作者寫這篇文章是為了向青少年介紹網(wǎng)站。故選A項。
【答案】25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Anurudh Ganesan因為想要幫助孩子們都能獲得疫苗，避免死亡，發(fā)明了Vaxxwagon，可以將疫苗運送到更遠的地方。
【25題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Every year, 1.5 million kids around the world die as a result of not getting vaccines (疫苗). This is partly because transporting (運送) and storing medicines can be a huge challenge in some countries.( 每年，全世界有150萬兒童因為沒有接種疫苗而死亡。這在一定程度上是因為運輸和儲存藥物在一些國家可能是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。)”和第二段“But by the time they arrived, the vaccines were no longer usable because they had been overheated.(但是當他們到達的時候，疫苗已經(jīng)不能再使用了，因為它們已經(jīng)過熱了。)”可知，每年都有許多兒童因為得不到有效的疫苗而死亡。故選D。
【26題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (輕便的) vaccine-carrying device (裝置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.( 這名高中生發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置——Vaxxwagon。當救命的藥物被送到世界各地的偏遠地區(qū)時，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，保持藥物的低溫。)”可知，Vaxxwagon的特殊之處在于它是一個帶有冷卻系統(tǒng)的裝置，將救生藥物運送到世界各地的偏遠地區(qū)。故選A。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激發(fā)) him to take action. The high school student invented Vaxxwagon, a portable (輕便的) vaccine-carrying device (裝置) that produces its own power to keep lifesaving medicines cool as they’re delivered to remote areas around the world.(雖然Anurudh最終接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在嬰兒時期的經(jīng)歷，以及其他許多孩子都沒有這么幸運的悲慘現(xiàn)實，促使他采取行動。這名高中生發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置——Vaxxwagon。當救命的藥物被送到世界各地的偏遠地區(qū)時，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，保持藥物的低溫。)”根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ Anurudh says his final goal is to start selling Vaxxwagon to relief organizations, so it can be used to help people around the world.”（阿努魯?shù)抡f，他的最終目標是開始向救援組織出售Vaxxwagon，這樣它就可以用來幫助世界各地的人們。）可知，17歲的印度男孩Anurudh為拯救更多的人，發(fā)明了一種攜帶疫苗的便攜式裝置Vaxxwagon，這種裝置可以自己產(chǎn)生能量，在將救生藥物運送到世界各地的偏遠地區(qū)時，使其保持涼爽。由此可知，Anurudh是一個關心他人并且有創(chuàng)造力的人。故選A。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Although Anurudh received the vaccine he needed in the end, his experience as a baby and the sad reality that so many other children aren’t as lucky motivated (激發(fā)) him to take action.( 雖然Anurudh最終接受了他所需要的疫苗，但他在嬰兒時期的經(jīng)歷，以及其他許多孩子都沒有這么幸運的悲慘現(xiàn)實，促使他采取行動。)”以及他最終發(fā)明了Vaxxwagon這個裝置可知，動機是成功之母。故選C。
【答案】29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何根據(jù)科學交朋友。
【29題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“However large our networks may be, our inner circle tends to be much smaller.（無論我們的人際網(wǎng)絡有多大，我們的核心圈子往往要小得多。）”可知，從第2段，我們可以知道人們的核心圈子變小了，故選C。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Beyond that, building deeper friendships may be largely a matter of putting in time.（除此之外，建立更深厚的友誼在很大程度上可能需要投入時間。）”可知，作者建議通過花時間和人建立更深厚的友誼來改善一個人的社交生活，故選D。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是題目“How to Make Friends, According to Science（如何根據(jù)科學交朋友）”和第三段的“So what should you do if your social life is lacking? Here the research is instructive.（那么，如果缺乏社交生活，你該怎么辦？這里的研究很有啟發(fā)性。）”可知，本文主要講的是如何結交朋友，因此是關于關于如何發(fā)展友誼的建議，即The tips on how to develop friendship，故選A。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D
【解析】
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了汽車會產(chǎn)生空氣污染，和幾個解決空氣污染的方法。
【32題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute.(解決空氣污染的一個辦法是制造一輛不污染空氣的汽車)”、文章第四段“Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else.(另一種方法是用別的東西代替汽車引擎)”以及文章第五段“To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live.(為了防止世界被汽車污染，我們必須在許多人的生活方式上做出一些改變)”可知，文章提到了“設計一輛新車”、“用其他東西代替汽車發(fā)動機”以及“改變我們許多人的生活方式”這三種擺脫空氣污染的方法。故選B。
【33題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down.(如果汽車廠倒閉，大量工人可能會失業(yè))”可知，如果汽車的數(shù)量減少，對美國工人來說最嚴重的問題就是沒有工作可做。故選A。
【34題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.(盡管汽車讓我們的生活更美好，但它們也給我們帶來了新的問題)”可知，作者得出的結論是汽車不僅給我們帶來了更好的生活，也帶來了嚴重的問題。故選D。
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. F 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是到底多少歲算老，其實這和心態(tài)有關。
【35題詳解】
空格前的“How old is “old”?（“老”是多少歲？）”是一個問題，因此空格處給出回答，C選項“The answer has changed over the years.（多年來，答案一直在變化。）”中的“The answer”和前面的問題相承接，因此C選項承接上文，符合語境，故選C。
【36題詳解】
空格前說““You are as old or young as you feel!” The calendar (日歷) simply tells you how many years you have lived.（“你覺得自己年輕還是老，你就有多年輕!”日歷只是告訴你你活了多少年。）”，接下來應說到自己是年輕還是老是由除了日歷以外的東西來告訴你的，D選項“Your body tells you how well you’ve lived.（你的身體告訴你你過得有多好。）”說明了身體狀況會告訴你你是年輕還是老，因此D選項承接上文，符合語境，故選D。
【37題詳解】
空格前說“Nobody grows old by living a number of years.（沒有人會因為活了幾年而變老。）”，F(xiàn)選項“People grow old by giving up their goals.（人因放棄目標而變老。）”在句式上和前面一致，形成句式上的重復，且在語義上和上文相互承接，因此F選項符合語境，故選F。
【38題詳解】
空格后說“Alice Brophy, when she was with the New York City commission for the Aging, said, “It upsets me when people say, ‘Gee, you look young for your age!’（愛麗絲·布羅菲(Alice Brophy)在紐約市老齡化委員會工作時表示，“當人們說，‘哎呀，你看起來比實際年齡年輕!）”，這說明老只是人們的一種觀點，A選項“Old is a point of view.（老是一種觀點。）”正好說明了這一點，因此A選項符合語境，故選A。
【39題詳解】
空格前說“There are many wrong ideas about aging.（關于衰老有許多錯誤的觀點。）”，G選項“These ideas stereotype (固化) people on the basis of age.（這些觀念因年齡而使人產(chǎn)生成見。）”中的“These ideas”指代前面的“wrong ideas”，因此G選項承接上文，符合語境，故選G。
第三部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）
第一節(jié)（共4小題，每小題3分，共12分）
【答案】40. The wish for peace and happiness in the world
41. To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night
42. The Lantern Festival
43. To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。許多文化中都有慶祝光明的節(jié)日，文章中介紹了猶太人的光明節(jié)和中國的元宵節(jié)。
【40題詳解】
根據(jù)第一段最后一句“There is one thing that is the same, however, and this is the wish for peace and happiness in the world.”可知，各個文化中慶祝光明的節(jié)日有一點是相同的，也就是對于世界和平和福祉的祈愿。可以據(jù)此回答為：The wish for peace and happiness in the world。
【41題詳解】
根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Every night a new candle is lit so that on the eighth night, all eight candles stand together.”可知，每晚點亮一支新蠟燭是為了保證在第八天晚上，全部八支蠟燭能齊亮?？梢該?jù)此回答為：To ensure all eight candles stand together on the eighth night。
【42題詳解】
根據(jù)第三段第二、三句“The Lantern Festival goes back more than 2,000 years to the Qin Dynasty. It takes place on the 15thday of the Chinese New Year, bringing the New Year season to a close.”可知，正是元宵節(jié)宣告了中國新年的結束?？梢該?jù)此回答為：The Lantern Festival。
【43題詳解】
根據(jù)文章首句“Most cultures have a festival of light.”并結合全文內(nèi)容可知，該篇文章就是在以猶太人的光明節(jié)和中國的元宵節(jié)為例，介紹不同文化中的慶祝光明的節(jié)日。可以據(jù)此回答為：To introduce festivals of light from two cultures
第二節(jié)（20分）
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
Glad to know that you are interested in Chinese Lantern Festival. I am very happy to tell you something about it.
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family. On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns. There will be some lantern riddles for guessing and amazing gifts for the winners. Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.
Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. The Lantern Festival is a wonderful time for people to be back home with their entire family. People always have sticky rice balls during this time, which is a symbol of a family gathering.
This year’s Festival is around the corner. I'm looking forward to your coming to celebrate it with us.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】本篇書面表達是一篇應用文，要求考生給英國好友Jim寫信，邀請他參加元宵節(jié)慶?；顒印?br /> 【詳解】1.詞匯積累
高興的：happy→delighted
告訴某人某事：tell sb. sth.=inform sb. of sth.
令人驚訝的：amazing→astonishing
吸引人的：attractive→appealing
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：On that day streets and parks become a sea of lanterns.
拓展句：On that day, streets and parks become a sea of lanterns, which is undoubtedly splendid.
【點睛】[高分句型1]
The Lantern Festival is on the 15th day of the first lunar month, which is highly valued by every Chinese family.（which引導非限制性定語從句）
[高分句型2]
Going to temple fairs is another attractive activity, where people can experience traditional Chinese culture, such as watching folk dance, tasting delicious traditional snacks, and so on.（動名詞短語Going to temple fairs作主語，where引導非限制性定語從句，watching folk dance和 tasting delicious traditional snacks為動名詞短語作賓語）

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2022-2023學年北京市懷柔區(qū)高一（上）期末英語試卷(含答案解析)
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