第3講　構(gòu)詞法考點1　形容詞變副詞的規(guī)律1. 一般情況加ly。如：real→really; careful→carefully; polite→politely; quick→quickly2. 以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，將y改為i，再加ly。如：angry→angrily; busy→busily; heavy→heavily3. 以ble結(jié)尾的，將ble改為bly。如：probable→probably; possible→possibly4. 部分以“輔音字母＋e”結(jié)尾的詞，去掉e再加ly。如：true→truly5. 以ic結(jié)尾的，加ally。如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically有的名詞＋ly→形容詞，如：friend→friendly; day→daily考點2　動詞/名詞變形容詞的常見后綴后綴例詞ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒適的fashion→fashionable時髦的almusic→musical音樂的origin→original最初的person→personal個人的；私人的fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的ibleaccess→accessible易得到的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的response→responsible 有責任的；負責的iveeffect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的curiosity→curious好奇的sometire→tiresome令人厭倦的trouble→troublesome麻煩的ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；豐富的erneast→eastern東方的；向東的ishchild→childish孩子氣的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的icscience→scientific科學的economy→economic經(jīng)濟的history→historic歷史上著名的aryimagine→imaginary想象中的考點3　動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞alapprove→approval贊成；批準arrive→arrival到來；到達survive→survival幸存anceenceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform→performance表演；節(jié)目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛iontionationcompete→competition比賽；競爭invite→invitation邀請；請柬explain→explanation解釋(ss)iondiscuss→discussion討論；辯論decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準許入學inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開始mentachieve→achievement功績；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對待；治療ureturefail→failure失敗；未做press→pressure壓力mix→mixture混合；混合物yrecover→recovery恢復；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢考點4　形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ageshort→shortage不足；短缺cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢private→privacy隱私；私密domfree→freedom自由；自在wise→wisdom明智；智慧cedifferent→difference差異silent→silence沉默nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意thgrow→growth成長；生長warm→warmth溫暖；熱情ytyitydifficult→difficulty困難safe→safety安全real→reality現(xiàn)實考點5　表示人的后綴后綴例詞erteach→teacher老師village→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人(注意：cook→cooker爐灶，爐具)arlie→liar說謊者eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇員interview→interviewee被面試者train→trainee受訓練的人；學員orinvent→inventor發(fā)明家act→actor男演員educate→educator教育家；教師essact→actress女演員host→hostess女主人；女主持人eseChina→Chinese中國人Japan→Japanese日本人nAmerica→American美國人Australia→Australian澳大利亞人ianmusic→musician音樂家history→historian歷史學家politics→politician政治家；政客istnovel→novelist小說家special→specialist專家tour→tourist旅行者；觀光者antserve→servant仆人participate→participant參加者assist→assistant助手；助理考點6　表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴disagree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺點illegal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合邏輯的impolite→impolite無禮的patient→impatient不耐煩的informal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的irregular→irregular不規(guī)則的responsible→irresponsible不負責任的mislead→mislead誤導understand→misunderstand誤解nonsmoker→nonsmoker不吸煙者stop→nonstop直達的unusual→unusual不尋常的willing→unwilling不愿意的后綴lesshope→hopeless絕望的end→endless沒完沒了的 考點7　變動詞的前綴和后綴前/后綴例詞前綴enable→enable使能夠large→enlarge擴大rich→enrich使充實后綴enbroad→broaden(使)變寬ripe→ripen(使)成熟sharp→sharpen使尖銳wide→widen加寬ifyclass→classify把……分類just→justify證明……正確simple→simplify簡化iseapology→apologise道歉emphasis→emphasise強調(diào)考點8　-ed形容詞和-ing形容詞一些動詞，如amaze, move, excite, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, surprise, confuse, interest, satisfy, please, shock, astonish, disturb, bore等，其-ing形式和-ed形式都能轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞。The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.這個故事非常感人，我們都被深深地感動了。此類形容詞作定語修飾表情和聲音時的區(qū)別：動詞-ing形式用來說明主語的特性，表示該表情或聲音令人怎么樣，因此譯作“令人……的”；動詞-ed形式用來說明發(fā)出該表情或聲音的人所處的一種狀態(tài)。 Ⅰ. 單句語法填空1. (2021·浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage (marry) ceremony in 1842.2. (2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 4. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.5. (2019·全國Ⅲ卷)They also shared with us many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.Ⅱ. 語法填空(2021·江蘇南京三模)Backpack China’s Silk RoadThis is not a voyage that many travellers experience; it's often overlooked in favour of more accessible and famous destinations in China. But for adventurous travellers looking for something 1. truly (true)different, backpacking China's Silk Road brings glorious rewards.In history, the Silk Road included many routes that connected east and south Asia to Mediterranean Europe, so 2. named (name)because the largest goods traded down the route were Chinese silk.Several historical 3. branches (branch) in the road mean that you have options when 4. deciding (decide) your route. China's northwest is historically one of 5. its (it) least connected regions. The Jiayu pass, where the impressive Jiayuguan Fort was built in the 1370s, 6. marks (mark) the end of the Great Wall.The region spreads over 2，400 km, most of 7. which is separated by vast areas of desert. The region is now connected by high-speed rail, making getting around 8. an easy thing. If taking an overnight train trip, equip yourself 9. with food and plenty of bottled water before you start. Trains also usually sell beer and wine, but at high prices, so be sure to pack your own, as having a ganbei is a great way 10. to meet (meet) locals and make friends while travelling.Ⅲ. 寫作運用根據(jù)漢語提示補全作文， 并注意其中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。Dear Tom，At present，there are many foreigners learning Chinese, because China 1. is playing an important part in the world (在世界上起著重要的作用). It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, 2. a country with a long history of more than 5，000 years(一個有著5，000多年歷史的國家)．As for the advice on learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. Therefore, 3. speaking Chinese fluently (流利地說漢語) should be based on hard work. To begin with, 4. make good use of every opportunity (充分利用每一個機會) to practise Chinese — the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. 5. Most importantly (最重要地), even if many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up.Yours，Li Hua 

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