第3講　名詞性從句考點1　主語從句1. 主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用連接詞that, whether, if只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分連接代詞what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語連接副詞when, where, how, why在從句中作狀語Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.你的支持對我們的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都會對我們有所幫助。Where Professor Han was born is known to the public.韓教授出生的地方人人皆知。(1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句時不可省略。(2)當(dāng)主語從句位于句首時，常用whether引導(dǎo)，而不用if。2. 形式主語it作形式主語的常見句型：(1)It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)＋that從句(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said/believed/reported等)＋that從句(4)It＋不及物動詞(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that從句It is necessary that you (should) apologise to him.你向他道歉是有必要的。It's no surprise that our team has won the game.我們隊獲勝一點兒都不令人吃驚。It is decided that the meeting will be put off till next Friday.根據(jù)決定，會議被推遲到下周五。It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在這個商店里你用現(xiàn)金支付還是信用卡支付都沒有關(guān)系。當(dāng)it作形式主語，主語從句放在句末時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)均可，但如果被后置的主語從句中引導(dǎo)詞后接or not時，只能用whether。考點2　賓語從句1. 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用連接詞that, whether, if只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分連接代詞what, who, whom, which, whichever, whatever, whoever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語連接副詞when, where, how, why在從句中作狀語Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.老師總是告訴我們，如果我們想要成功，要相信我們所做的事情和我們自己。(1)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①動詞后跟有多個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，只有第一個that可省略，其余的不可省略；②賓語從句前有插入語時；③that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時。(2)一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。介詞后的賓語從句，連接詞表示“是否”時，只能用whether，不能用if。2. 形式賓語賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞之后，但是，在下列情況下，須用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語(常為不定式或從句)后置。(1)動詞find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋賓補(bǔ)(形容詞或名詞)＋不定式/從句(2)動詞hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋從句(3)短語動詞see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋從句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that＋從句No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.無論他在哪里，他都習(xí)慣在早餐前散步。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.當(dāng)你不在的時候，我負(fù)責(zé)把他照顧好。3. 賓語從句的時態(tài)一般情況下，賓語從句須與主句的時態(tài)保持一致，即主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可根據(jù)具體情況選用合適的時態(tài)；主句為過去的某種時態(tài)，從句須用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)。當(dāng)從句的內(nèi)容為真理或客觀事實時，須用一般現(xiàn)在時。考點3　表語從句1. 表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞作用連接詞that, whether只起連接作用，不在從句中作成分連接代詞what, who, whom, which, whichever, whatever, whoever在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語連接副詞when, where, how, why在從句中作狀語The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.對用戶來說，最重要的是產(chǎn)品達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.這就是我們通常認(rèn)為更容易放棄的地方。if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句；that引導(dǎo)表語從句時不能省略。2. as if/as though引導(dǎo)表語從句as if/as though意為“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)的表語從句常跟在系動詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語從句所述的是非真實的情況，從句用虛擬語氣；若所述的是事實或是極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語氣。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.濃霧籠罩著整個城市，這就好像一塊巨大的黑色毯子被扔到了它的上面。3. 其他?？嫉谋碚Z從句(1)This/That/It is why＋表語從句(表示結(jié)果)“這/那就是……的原因”(2)This/That/It is because＋表語從句(表示原因)“這/那是因為……”(3)The reason why ... is that＋表語從句“……的原因是……” 考點4　同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，位于該名詞之后，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句所修飾的名詞：advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word等。同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。The fact that you are wrong can't be changed by you or me.你錯了這個事實，是你我不能改變的。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，that既起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分；如果在從句中作賓語，that還可以省略，所修飾的名詞指物時可用which替換。引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，不能省略。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了學(xué)校。(同位語從句)The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息實在令人失望。(定語從句)考點5　名詞性從句重點辨析1. that和what的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”，即常說的“先行詞＋that/which/who”。It's a shame that he has made such a mistake.真遺憾，他犯了這樣一個錯誤。I will do what I can (do) to help him.我將盡我所能幫助他。2. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句可以用“加詞”的方法，即在名詞和從句之間加入一個be動詞，如果句子意思成立，則是同位語從句，否則，則是定語從句。試比較：①The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true. (同位語從句)→The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.②The notice that he read just now was true. (定語從句)3. whether與if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(1)whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引導(dǎo)的主語從句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主語。Whether it is true remains a question.這是否是真的依然是個問題。It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.他是否會來參加會議還不清楚。(2)whether與if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，大多數(shù)情況下可以互換，后面直接跟or not時用whether，用于介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時也用whether。We don't know whether or not she was ready.我們不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備好了。I'm interested in whether you've finished the work.我對你是否完成了這項工作感興趣。(3)whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句，而if不可以引導(dǎo)這兩種從句。The question is whether it is worth doing.問題是它是否值得去做。The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.這項工作是否值得去做的問題還沒有確定。【技巧點撥】名詞性從句解題三步走第一步：根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否是名詞性從句。第二步：一旦判斷是名詞性從句，就根據(jù)名詞性從句中缺少什么句子成分來確定選用什么連接詞。若從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語，用連接代詞。指物用what, whatever；指人用who, whoever。第三步：如果不缺少主語或賓語，要看從句是否有疑問。如果沒有疑問用that，有疑問則根據(jù)句意使用when, where, why, how, whether等。Ⅰ. 單句語法填空1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song The Long and Winding Road. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 2. (2020·浙江卷7月)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.3. (2019·北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.4. I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.5. This is what my father has taught me — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.6. Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.Ⅱ. 語法填空(2021·山東煙臺高三模擬)Litter is everywhere, doing great harm 1. to the environment and life on our planet. Jeff Kirschner, who wants to build a litter-free world, started a global community named Litterati 2. to settle (settle) this problem. The story began with his 6-year-old daughter. One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a 3. broken (break) plastic tub (盆) in a river. She said, “Daddy, that doesn't go there.” That took Kirschner by surprise. He, like many adults, had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn't given it a second look. 4. What his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces. Jeff started to take 5. action (act)．He created Litterati, an app that makes it fun to pick up litter. The idea is 6. fairly (fair) simple. Spot a piece of trash, take a photo, post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins. 7. Seeing (see) that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet, people worldwide started participating. Up to now, over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3，500 people from over 40 countries 8. have found (find) their way to Litterati's digital landfill. Litterati is more than an app. It is a highly 9. effective (effect) solution to a pressing issue. Wherever you live, whatever you do and 10. whoever you are, join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.Ⅲ. 寫作運用根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下面寫作， 注意名詞性從句的運用。Dear Sir or Madam，I am writing to 1. tell  you that there seems something wrong with the recording pen (告訴你錄音筆似乎有些問題) I bought from your website several days ago. First, the voice isn't so clear as you claimed. Second, it's not easy to operate, which has caused me much trouble. 2. What I expect (我所期待的是) is a human-friendly one.Due to its poor quality and much inconvenience it has caused, 3. I wonder whether you can do something about it (我想知道關(guān)于它，您是否能處理一下). I would appreciate it very much if I can get my money back. If it can't be helped, 4. I wish that you could have it repaired or changed (我希望您能把它修好或更換)．I'm looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua 

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