第4講　特殊句式考點1　倒裝句1. 完全倒裝表示地點、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主語為名詞時。At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.在長江和嘉陵江的交匯處，坐落著中國十大城市之一的重慶。2. 部分倒裝(1)否定副詞(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等)或表示否定意義的介詞短語(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于句首時，要用部分倒裝。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他剛到，天就下起雪來。(2)only修飾介詞短語、副詞或狀語從句，且置于句首時，要用部分倒裝。Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.他們討論了那個問題幾個小時之后才做出決定。(3)so/neither＋助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語，意為“……也是如此/也不……”。(4)在not only ... but (also) ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中，若not only置于句首時，需將not only所在的句子部分倒裝。Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.這個可憐的人不僅被罰款，而且還被送進了監(jiān)獄。(5)not until ... 置于句首時，主句須部分倒裝。Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游有關(guān)的活動。(6)so ... that ... 和such ... that ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中，so或such及其所修飾的成分置于句首時，主句須部分倒裝。(7)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，狀語從句必須部分倒裝；though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，讓步狀語從句可部分倒裝，也可不倒裝。考點2　強調(diào)句1. 陳述句：It is/was ... that/who ... (強調(diào)人時可用that或who，強調(diào)物時只用that)一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋... that/who ...?特殊疑問句：疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that ...?I wonder what it is that makes you so addicted to the mobile phone.我想知道是什么讓你對手機如此著迷。2. “not ... until ...”的強調(diào)句：It is/was not until ... that ... (注意時態(tài))It was not until I came here that I realised this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我來到這兒，我才知道這個地方出名不僅因為它的美，還因為它的天氣。強調(diào)謂語動詞，用“do/does/did＋動詞原形”。該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句，并且只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。He did come to see you last Sunday, but you were out.他上周日的確來看過你，但是你出去了。考點3　省略句1. 狀語從句的省略當時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it且從句中含be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞，構(gòu)成下列結(jié)構(gòu)：連詞＋形容詞/介詞短語/動詞-ing形式/過去分詞/不定式。Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.當孩子有父母陪伴的時候，他們是被允許進入體育館的。2. 不定式的省略(1)在上下文中，為了避免重復(fù)，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的動詞(短語)，只保留不定式符號to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等詞后。Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.首先，當人們被要求去做他們不想做的事情時他們會感到是被迫的。(2)but用作介詞，意為“除……之外”時，前面有實義動詞do，后接不定式時，常省略to；但前面沒有實義動詞do時，后接的不定式不省略 to。If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了這份工作，除了迎接更大的挑戰(zhàn)之外他別無選擇。3. if省略結(jié)構(gòu)if so如果這樣的話if necessary如果有必要的話if not如果不是這樣的話if possible如果可能的話if ever如果曾經(jīng)有的話if any如果有的話考點4　其他特殊句式1. 感嘆句(1)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句①What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！②What＋(adj.)＋不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見過。The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴重的問題。(2)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句①How＋adj./adv.＋主語＋謂語！②How＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語！③How＋主語＋謂語！How demanding the job is!這份工作多么費力??！How time flies!時光飛逝！2. 祈使句祈使句常用來表達命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告、勸告等。(1)祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you(常省略，也可不省)。祈使句的否定形式一般在動詞原形前加don't，也可用副詞never構(gòu)成。祈使句的強調(diào)形式可以在句首加do。Do your homework before you watch TV.看電視之前要先做你的家庭作業(yè)。Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?艾麗絲，今天你喂鳥，可以嗎？(2)祈使句表示假設(shè)的情況。①祈使句＋and/or＋簡單句②名詞詞組(多含有more, another)＋and＋簡單句Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.明天給我打電話，我會讓你知道實驗結(jié)果的。Start out right away, or we'll miss the first train.立刻出發(fā)，不然，我們將要錯過首班火車。3. there be句型(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的時態(tài)，可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用，并且be有時可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替換。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自從那時起，我國發(fā)生了很多巨大的變化。Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.從前，在海邊的一個村莊里住著一位老漁夫。(2)there be句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事沒有意義。There is no doubt that ... 毫無疑問……There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)沒有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth. 做某事(沒)有困難。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ... (做)某事(沒)有可能性。【技巧點撥】1. 注意分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定為何種特殊句式。2. 根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點填入適當?shù)脑~。(1)看到倒裝句，要注意其謂語動詞的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2)看到there be句型要注意主謂一致和時態(tài)。Ⅰ. 單句語法填空1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)The twins cheered up and did as told (tell). 2. (2020·全國Ⅱ卷寫作)While picking (pick) oranges, I realised how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.3. (2019·全國Ⅰ卷寫作)Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary. 4. In any unsafe situation, simply press (press) the button and a highly trained agent will get you the help you need. Ⅱ. 語法填空(2021·湖北巴東二模)Cassie lived a lonely life. She would wander through the forest, eating 1. fallen (fall) fruits while other birds flew among the trees.“Why cannot you fly？” they would ask. “Your weak little 2. wings (wing) cannot even lift you off the ground！” they would tease her. “You're 3. a shame to birds，” they would offend her.Cassie was feeling increasingly frustrated and 4. useless (use), so she made up her mind to leave the forest for good. Just as she walked free from trees, she heard a deep voice 5. calling (call) from behind. Cassie turned around. 6. It was a large tree that signalled to her to come back into the forest. “We need you badly here，” said the tree. “We rely on you 7. to eat (eat) our fruits and spread our seeds. The other birds may think you are worthless, but you are actually 8. the most (much) useful bird in the forest. Please don't go, you are irreplaceable.” Cassie beamed for the first time in many weeks and 9. returned (return) to the forest. The fruits had never tasted so good.It's easy to compare your skills to the abilities of others and feel inadequate. It's easy to listen to the negative voices of others and believe them. But bear 10. in mind that you are essential, you are remarkable, and you are irreplaceable!Ⅲ. 寫作運用根據(jù)漢語提示補全下面寫作， 注意特殊句式的運用。Dear Jane, 1. How time flies (時間過得真快)!  I'm delighted to hear from you. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy. 2. Here is my advice (這是我的建議). Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet. 3. Don't eat food high in fat and in sugar (不要吃高脂肪高糖食物). You should eat more vegetables. Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body. 4. Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better (只有這樣你才能夠有足夠的精力投入到學(xué)習中去). As we all know,  regular exercise plays an important part in keeping us healthy. Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night. 5. Eat properly and exercise regularly, and you will stay healthy (正確地飲食和有規(guī)律地鍛煉， 你會保持健康的). I do hope my advice is helpful. Best wishes!Yours, Li Hua 

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