專題04定語從句 ——2023年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試專項(xiàng)精講+測(cè)試（通用版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

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必過04 定語從句

知識(shí)過關(guān)
定語從句是高考的熱點(diǎn)，主要考查關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的正確運(yùn)用，特別是它們?cè)诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句中的運(yùn)用。主要考點(diǎn)有：
①關(guān)系代詞 which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句
②關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句（近三年來常考查先行詞是表示抽象空間念的名詞的情況)
③介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句;as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞
先行詞
句法功能
who
人
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語
whom
人
賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/of which)
人或物
定語
that
人或物
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
which
物
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
as
人或物
主語、賓語

Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場(chǎng)上，等待校長(zhǎng)給他們頒發(fā)畢業(yè)文憑。
My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.
我的女兒總不在家，她的工作需要經(jīng)常出差。
1．關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法
(1)限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況：
①先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
你有什么要為自己說的嗎？
②先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)，the only, the very, the last等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞通常只用that，不用which。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我見過的最激動(dòng)人心的足球比賽之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
這是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。
③先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
我們所有人都?xì)J佩你告訴我的那位科學(xué)家和他所取得的成就。
④定語從句出現(xiàn)在which或who的特殊疑問句中時(shí)用that。
Which is the bike that you lost?
哪輛是你丟的自行車？
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
贏得金牌的那個(gè)男孩是誰？
⑤有兩個(gè)定語從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用which，另外一個(gè)宜用that。
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
他們偷偷地建了一家小工廠，這家工廠生產(chǎn)可能會(huì)造成污染的東西。
⑥當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是過去的那座城市了。
⑦主句是there be句型且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，用that不用which引導(dǎo)。
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
在那個(gè)角落還有一個(gè)座位可用。
(2)只用which不用that的情況：
①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
海倫對(duì)她最小的兒子比對(duì)其他的兒子好得多，這當(dāng)然讓其他的兒子很嫉妒她的小兒子。
②關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
這是魯迅曾住過的房子。
③引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體或部分概念。
The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disappointing.
結(jié)果與當(dāng)初預(yù)料的不一樣，這讓人覺得很失望。
2．which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

which
as
位置上
只能放在主句的后面
位置靈活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中
搭配上
無動(dòng)詞的限制
謂語動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
意思上
意為“這一點(diǎn)”
意為“正如……，正像……的那樣”

She was late for school again, which was unexpected.
她上學(xué)又遲到了，這是始料不及的。
She was late for school again, as we expected.
正如我們預(yù)料的那樣，她上學(xué)又遲到了。
[名師指津]　as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such＋名詞＋as (像……一樣的，像……之類的)；such (pron.)＋as (像……一樣的，像……之類的)；the same＋名詞＋as (和……同樣的)。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。
I have the same book as he has.
我和他有同樣的書。

關(guān)系副詞
關(guān)系副詞
先行詞
句法功能
when
時(shí)間
時(shí)間狀語
where
地點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn)狀語
why
原因
原因狀語(只引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句)

Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have stood out among them.
《中國新歌聲》為有音樂天賦的年輕人建立了一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)，在這個(gè)舞臺(tái)上一些人從中脫穎而出。
The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.
他考試失敗的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。
[名師指津]　當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意義的詞，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。
“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
構(gòu)成
句法功能
用法指津
名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞
主語
可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
數(shù)詞(形容詞最高級(jí))＋of＋關(guān)系代詞
主語
數(shù)詞還可以被some, many, most, each等不定代詞替換
介詞(短語)＋關(guān)系代詞
狀語
關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換
介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞
狀語
關(guān)系代詞常用which 和whose
介詞＋關(guān)系副詞
狀語
有時(shí)為了表達(dá)清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from或to

Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我買了一個(gè)古代花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.
莉莉可能會(huì)來，要是那樣的話我就去問她。
There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.
我的房間有一個(gè)大窗戶，透過它我可以看到火車站。
2．“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的2個(gè)考查點(diǎn)
(1)考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用
若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。
(2)考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用
一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞和介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣；句子意思表達(dá)的需要。

一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．— Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
— Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A．what; that B．what; what C．which; which D．that; that
2．Who _______ has brains will make such a mistake as this?
A．it B．ever C．that D．/
3．Can you lend me the book ________ you were reading this morning？
A．that B．what
C．whose D．who
4．I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A．what B．which
C．that D．a(chǎn)s
5．"I don't like the way you treat your customers." Mr. Young said to Simon.
A．/ B．in that
C．which D．of which
6．I'll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A．a(chǎn)ll which B．a(chǎn)ll what
C．that all D．a(chǎn)ll
7．All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A．that B．those
C．which D．what
8．The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A．that B．what
C．why D．for which
9．Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing?
A．which B．who
C．whom D．that
10．I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her.
A．/ B．in that
C．which D．of which
11．They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A．what B．that
C．which D．where
12．Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A．that you talked B．you talked about it
C．which you talked with D．you talked about
13． He talked a lot about things and persons _____they remembered in the school.
A．which B．what
C．whom D．that
14．Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A．that B．where
C．in which D．the one
15．They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.
A．which B．that
C．who D．whom
16．Samuel survived when the car ________ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.
A．where B．that
C．a(chǎn)s D．why
17．-How do you like the book?
-It's quite different from _____ I read last month.
A．that B．which
C．the one D．the one what
18．Do you know the time ________we will have a meeting tomorrow？
A．which B．when
C．on which D．where
19．Do you know the year ________ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A．which B．that C．when D．on which
20．We cannot accept a society _______ the rich enjoy comfort _______ the poor have to suffer.
A．which; while B．where; while C．which; / D．/; /
21．Waller-Bridge has incredibly reached the heights of her profession she has faced down barriers, overcome difficult odds, and lived the American dream.
A．which B．where C．when D．what
22．Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _____we are working.
A．that B．which
C．where D．there
23．He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A．where B．on which
C．under which D．which
24．They will never forget the days _______ they spent together studying abroad.
A．in which B．that C．on which D．during which
25．Many people who had seen the film The Shallonws were afraid to go to the sea when they remembered the scenes ________ Nancy was attacked by a shark.
A．that B．by which
C．which D．in which
26．Could you tell me the name of the shop ________ you bought your coat last week？
A．which B．in which
C．that D．in that
27．Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A．which B．where
C．that D．a(chǎn)bout which
28．The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A．which B．where
C．on which D．in that
29．The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.
A．when B．during that
C．in which D．which
30．The speed __________ is 120 kilometers per hour.
A．a(chǎn)t that the car is travelling B．with which the car is travelling
C．which the car is traveling D．a(chǎn)t which the car is travelling
31．They stayed at the Liu's for three days, ________ they drank all the wine that the Liu had.
A．which time B．a(chǎn)nd during which
C．during whose time D．during which time
32．The paper _____ bamboo is made is especially fine.
A．which B．into which
C．of which D．from which
33．In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A．whose B．that C．on which D．by which
34．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ___ are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
35．Li Ming, _______ to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A．that I went with B．with whom I went C．with who I went D．I went with him
36．The man next door, _______ name I don’t know, is always making a lot of noise by singing pop songs at night.
A．who B．whose C．of which D．whom
37．The letter is from my sister, _____ is working in Beijing.
A．which B．that C．whom D．who
38．The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
A．most of them B．most of which C．most of what D．most of that
39．The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A．the roof of which B．which roof
C．its roof D．the roof
40．Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A．which price B．the price of which
C．its price D．the price of whose
41．I decided to write about Chaplin, one of _________ films I had seen several years before.
A．whose B．whom
C．that D．which
42．He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.
A．which I think is B．which I think it is
C．which I think D．I think which is
43．I was told that there were about 50 foreign students ________ Chinese in the school, most ________ were from Germany.
A．study; of whom B．study; of them
C．studying; of them D．studying; of whom
44．In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _______ are women.
A．them B．which C．whom D．who
45．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ________ wanted to buy it.
A．none of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom
46．The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A．where B．to which C．which D．in which
47．It was the boy _____ had been in prison _____ stole the money.
A．who, where B．that, how C．who, that D．that, which
48．There are fifty patients ________ we must take care of in our hospital.
A．which B．for which
C．whom D．for whom
49．There is a mountain ____________ top is covered with snow all year round.
A．whose B．that
C．who D．which
50．Which sentence is wrong?
A．The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.
B．Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C．Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D．People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
51．A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A．a(chǎn) thing that B．something that
C．a(chǎn) person who D．what
52．Mary is such a lovely girl ______ many of her classmates are willing to help when necessary.
A．that B．what
C．whom D．a(chǎn)s
53．Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ? life has developed gradually.
A．that B．where
C．which D．whose
54．Is there anyone in your class ________ family is in the country?
A．who B．who's C．which D．whose
55．That is the day ________ I'll never forget.
A．which B．on which C．in which D．when
56．The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.
A．which B．where C．what D．in which
57．A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A．who B．who's
C．whose D．which
58．Look out！Don’t get too close to the house roof is under repair.
A．whose B．which
C．of which D．that

參考答案：
1．A
【詳解】考查名詞性從句和定語從句。句意：——問警衛(wèi)發(fā)生什么事了嗎？——是的，他告訴了我他所知道的一切。第一空為賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，表示“什么”應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)；第二空為定語從句修飾先行詞all，先行詞在從句中作賓語，先行詞為all時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故選A。
2．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：哪個(gè)有腦子的人會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤？分析句子可知，_______ has brains是定語從句，Who 是先行詞；在定語從句中，當(dāng)主句是which\who開頭的疑問句，或者先行詞是who時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that。故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】定語從句只能用that而不能用which的六種情況：
1、如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。如：
All that can be done has been done.能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他將告訴你他所聽到的關(guān)于這件事的一切。
2、當(dāng)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修飾時(shí)，只能用that，如：
There is little work that is fit for you.沒什么工作運(yùn)合你做。
I have eaten all the food that is left.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。
3、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞時(shí)，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞（包括last，next)、最高級(jí)形容詞及the only, the very等修飾時(shí)。如：
This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.這是我到這里后所看的第一場(chǎng)電影。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.這是用來防止污染的最好辦法。
This is the very book that I am looking for.這正是我一直在尋找的那本書。
4、先行詞包括人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。如：
They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in.他們常常談?wù)撃切┧麄兏信d趣的人和事。
5、當(dāng)主句是以who或which升頭的疑問句時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，多用that導(dǎo)。如：
Which is the house that caught fire last night?昨晚失火的是哪座房子？
Who is the lady that is playing the piano?在彈鋼琴的那位小姐是誰？
6、當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)，只能用that。如：
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.這就是那本自上周以來我一直在尋找的書。
3．A
【詳解】考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：你能把今天早晨你在看的那本書借給我嗎？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the book，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞可用which 或that。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)， which或that也可以省略。比如本句，先行詞在定語從句中做賓語，that可以省略。
4．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我認(rèn)為這是我叔叔編的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一個(gè)定語從句，由于先行詞story在定語從句中作主語，且被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾，因此關(guān)系代詞只能用that，故選C。
5．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：“我不喜歡你對(duì)待顧客的方式?！睏钕壬鷮?duì)西蒙說。此處the way做先行詞，后面的定語從句用that/in which來引導(dǎo)，也可省略關(guān)系詞。故選A。
6．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他昨晚告訴我的，我都告訴你。he told me last night.是定語從句，all是先行詞，=whatever=anything that.關(guān)系代詞必須用that,排除A。what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句，排除B.that all不可并列，排除C.
7．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：落下來的蘋果都被豬吃了。_____ fell down是定語從句修飾指物的先行詞 apples，定語從句缺主語，用that/which引導(dǎo)，但當(dāng)先行詞被all限定時(shí)，只能用that.故選A。
8．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你們昨天晚上爭(zhēng)論的問題，已經(jīng)解決了。_____ you were arguing about last night是定語從句，句中缺賓語，需用關(guān)系代詞that/which.選A。
9．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：稍有常識(shí)的人，誰會(huì)做這種事情？分析句子可知，has common sense為定語從句，從句中缺主語，先行詞是Who，指人，可用關(guān)系代詞that/who，為了避免與主句主語who重復(fù)，只能用that。故選D項(xiàng)。
10．A
【詳解】句意：我不喜歡你對(duì)她說話的方式。定語從句的先行詞是the way，表示“方式，方法”時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用in which或that，也可省略。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
11．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們讓他告訴他們他在前線看到的一切。根據(jù)句子可知，這是定語從句，先行詞為everything ，在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，且everything為復(fù)合不定代詞，有復(fù)合不定代詞定語從句中關(guān)系代詞就要用that。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你能把前幾天談?wù)摰臅杞o我嗎？talk about sth “談?wù)撃呈隆?；talk with sb“與某人交談”。本題的先行詞是the novel，所以定語從句中的動(dòng)詞短語talk about，后面缺賓語，使用關(guān)系代詞which/that，作為talk about的賓語，可以省略。故選D。
13．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他談?wù)摿撕芏嗨麄冇浀玫倪@個(gè)學(xué)校的人和物。things和persons是先行詞，當(dāng)定語從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人，又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that，做賓語。故選D。
【點(diǎn)睛】
14．A
【詳解】試題分析：考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是the museum，后面的定語從句中動(dòng)詞visit后面缺少了賓語，故使用關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞作為visit的賓語。BC項(xiàng)都在句中做狀語。句意：這就是前天你參觀的那家博物館嗎？故A正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查定語從句
點(diǎn)評(píng)：定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whose, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where, why, when在句中做狀語。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。
15．B
【詳解】考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：他們回憶起了在學(xué)校時(shí)的人和事,談了一個(gè)小時(shí)。在限制行定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物，關(guān)系代詞只能只用that的情況。分析句子可知，先行詞為things and persons ，在定語從句中作動(dòng)詞remembered的賓語，所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that。故選B項(xiàng)。
16．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：薩繆爾是一名乘客，當(dāng)他乘坐的汽車駛離道路，撞到一棵樹上時(shí)，他幸免于難。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the car,在其后的定語從句he was a passenger in中作介詞in的賓語，故用that引導(dǎo)，故選B。
17．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：—你覺得這本書怎么樣？—跟我上月讀的那本大不一樣。I read last month. 作為定語從句缺少先行詞，而the one指代the book做read賓語,后面省略了關(guān)系代詞that.選C.
18．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你知道我們明天什么時(shí)候開會(huì)嗎？分析可知空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為the time，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞并在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，which 前面應(yīng)該用介詞，排除A；此處可用at which，不能用on which，排除C；D項(xiàng)在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，不符合句意，故選B。
19．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你知道中國共產(chǎn)黨成立是哪年嗎？先行詞是year，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】
20．B
【詳解】考查定語從句和并列句。句意：我們不能接受一個(gè)富人享受舒適而窮人受罪的社會(huì)。分析句子可知，_______ the rich enjoy comfort _______ the rich enjoy comfort是定語從句，先行詞a society在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where；the rich enjoy comfort和the rich enjoy comfort是對(duì)比；while表示對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，意思是“而，然而”。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】while 用作連詞時(shí)，有以下幾種含義：??　　
1. 意為“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。例如：While it was late, he went on working. (雖然很晚了，但他還在繼續(xù)工作。)??　　
2. 意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候，和……同時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如： While I was watching TV, the bell rang. (我看電視時(shí)，鈴響了。)??　　
3.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于as long as，譯作“只要”。例如： While there is life, there is hope. (有生命，就有希望。)??　　
4.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，相當(dāng)于since，有“既然”的意思。例如： You'll never save any money while you're so extravagant. (你這么奢侈，永遠(yuǎn)存不下錢來。 )??　　
5. 連接兩個(gè)并列句子，表示“對(duì)比”關(guān)系。例如：He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. (他出去散步了，而我卻呆在家里。)
21．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：沃勒-布里奇難以置信地達(dá)到了她職業(yè)的高度，她克服了重重障礙，克服了重重困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)了美國夢(mèng)。句中先行詞為profession，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where作地點(diǎn)狀語。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】分析定語從句關(guān)鍵抓住兩點(diǎn)：第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞；第二、看先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分。先行詞往往為名詞或代詞，如本題中先行詞為名詞profession，再分析先行詞profession在定語從句中所作的成分，將先行詞profession帶到從句中可知只能作地點(diǎn)狀語，故確定關(guān)系詞where，相當(dāng)于in which。
22．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：從那時(shí)起，我們工作的工廠發(fā)生了巨大的變化。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the factory ，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故選C。
23．A
【詳解】考查定語從句的用法。句意：他把那個(gè)放卷子的抽屜鑰匙給弄丟了。這里是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞the drawer表示的是地點(diǎn)，所以用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，它在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，on which及under which有時(shí)也等于where，但是在這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是試卷被鎖在了抽屜里，應(yīng)該是in which故答案選A。
24．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們永遠(yuǎn)忘不了他們一起在國外學(xué)習(xí)的日子。分析句子可知，_______ they spent together studying abroad是定語從句，修飾先行詞the days；先行詞在從句中做spent的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞that\which。故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】定語從句關(guān)系詞的選擇：
1.先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語、表語、定語，就用關(guān)系代詞（who，whom，whose，that， which和as）；先行詞在從句中做狀語就用關(guān)系副詞（when，where和 why）。
2. who指人，做主語、賓語和表語；whom指人，在從句中作賓語；whose表“誰的”，在從句中作定語；that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在從句中作主語或賓語，有時(shí)作表語；which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語；as指人或事物，在從句中作賓語，有時(shí)作主語或表語，常用于“the same（adj.）＋名詞＋as或such（adj.）＋名詞＋as”等結(jié)構(gòu)中及先行詞是代詞such或 same的情況下。
3. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語；where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語；why指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語。
25．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：看過《鯊灘》這部電影的許多人，當(dāng)他們想到Nancy 被一頭鯊魚攻擊的場(chǎng)景時(shí)，都害怕去那片海。分析可知空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是scenes，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用in which引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語從句。
26．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：你能告訴我你上周買大衣的那家商店的名字嗎？先行詞為the shop，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故選B。此處的in which可用where替代。
27．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們很少了解的南極終年覆蓋著厚冰。分析句子可知，本句為限制性定語從句，固定搭配know about sth. 意為“知道，了解某事”，在定語從句中介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，先行詞為Antarctic，指物，在從句中作介詞about的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which，即about which。故選D項(xiàng)。
28．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：她旅行乘坐的列車晚點(diǎn)了。限定性定語從句中，which一般代指物。本句中，travel是不及物動(dòng)詞，先行詞為train，“在火車上”為 on the train，本句為定語從句，先行詞作on的賓語，將介詞前置，所以應(yīng)是on which。故選C項(xiàng)。
29．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：導(dǎo)致數(shù)百萬人喪生的二戰(zhàn)于1945年結(jié)束。分析句子可知，本句為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為The Second World War，在從句中作狀語，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where，where=in which=in the Second World War 。故選C項(xiàng)。
30．D
【詳解】D 考查介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。句意：轎車正在行駛的速度是每小時(shí)120公里。at a speed以……的速度。which代替先行詞speed在從句中作介詞at的賓語，置于從句前，引導(dǎo)定語從句；that引導(dǎo)定語從句不能直接置于介詞之后，故排除A；B項(xiàng)介詞用錯(cuò)，故排除；C項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，排除。故選D。
31．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。這里含有一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是three days, during which time在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。所以選D。
32．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：由竹子制成的紙?zhí)貏e好。分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，拆解定語從句為：bamboo is made _____the paper。be made into“原料被制成……”符合句意邏輯，be made of或from指“由……制造，用……為原料制取”不符合句意邏輯。故選B項(xiàng)。
33．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在辦公室里，我一直到下午五點(diǎn)半以后才有時(shí)間，那時(shí)許多人都回家了。by that time 意思為“到那時(shí)”，先行詞是5:30 p.m.，用在定語從句中，表示到五點(diǎn)半那個(gè)時(shí)候，應(yīng)該為 by which time，故選D項(xiàng)。

34．A
【詳解】考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：這個(gè)工廠每年生產(chǎn)了50萬雙鞋，其中有80%的鞋是賣到國外了。分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)非限制性定語復(fù)合句。定語從句補(bǔ)充完整80% of the shoes are sold abroad. 先行詞在句中與80% of 作主語,又因是非限制性定語從句，且先行詞指物，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A項(xiàng)。
35．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：和我去看演唱會(huì)的李明很享受演唱會(huì)。分析句子可知，Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句， to the concert是定語從句；從句應(yīng)為I went to the concert with Li Ming，先行詞Li Ming在從句中做with的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞whom。故選B。
36．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我不知道名字的隔壁男士，在晚上唱流行歌曲制造噪音。分析句子可知，_______ name I don’t know是非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞定語修飾限定name，用關(guān)系代詞whose，故選B。
37．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這封信是我姐姐寄來的，她在北京工作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，_____ is working in Beijing.是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞my sister，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指人，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用who引導(dǎo)該從句，故選D。
38．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：植物的生長(zhǎng)速度受大量因素的影響，其中的大多數(shù)是不受控制的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)——逗號(hào)前面為一個(gè)完整的句子，后面句子與前面沒有連詞連接，故只能是從屬成分，從而排除選項(xiàng)A；逗號(hào)后面為非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞不能用what或that，先行詞是factors，指物，作介詞賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which，故選B。
【點(diǎn)睛】
39．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：屋頂毀于大火的房子已經(jīng)修好了。當(dāng)先行詞與定語從句的主語存在所有關(guān)系或整體與部分的關(guān)系，用the + n + of which(物)/whom(人)或whose+n。故選A。
40．B
【詳解】考查“名詞＋of which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。句意：最近我買了一個(gè)中國古花瓶，它的價(jià)格很合理。這里含有一個(gè)定語從句，the price of which相當(dāng)于of which the price或whose price。故選B。

41．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我決定寫卓別林，幾年前我看過他的一部電影。先行詞為Chaplin，作定語從句的定語，關(guān)系代詞為whose。故選A項(xiàng)。
42．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他又有了一個(gè)重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，我認(rèn)為這對(duì)科學(xué)是非常重要的。I think 是插入語，可以忽略，剩余的就是一個(gè)很明顯的which指代前邊整個(gè)句子（事實(shí)）引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非限定性定語從句，which在定語從句中作主語，it是多余的，定語從句中系表結(jié)構(gòu)，is不能缺，還有插入語應(yīng)該在which后面，故選A。
43．D
【詳解】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和定語從句。解題步驟：1. 確定第一空：從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，前面一空應(yīng)該是用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，study與students是邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，所以答案只能從C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選；確定第二空：后一選項(xiàng)從句子中間的逗號(hào)可知，此處是非限定性定語從句，應(yīng)該用代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞，這樣答案就只能是D項(xiàng)了。結(jié)合句意：我被告知有50個(gè)外國學(xué)生在那個(gè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)漢語，大部分是來自德國。故選D。
44．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們工廠有2000名工人，其中三分之二是婦女。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這里含有一個(gè)介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞2,000 workers，介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指物，只能用which；指人，只能用whom，這里指人，用whom引導(dǎo)該定語從句，故選C。
45．D
【詳解】本題考查代詞和定語從句。解題步驟：1. 確定代詞：two people已經(jīng)給出范圍，所以只能用neither。2. 確定從句：從空格處到句末，此處為定語從句，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，指人，關(guān)系代詞要用whom。句意：上個(gè)星期，只有兩個(gè)人來看房子，誰也不想買。綜上，故選D。
46．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們下周要訪問的工廠離這里不遠(yuǎn)。此處為限制性定語從句修飾先行詞the factory，且先行詞在從句中作賓語，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故選C。
47．C
【詳解】考查定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：是那個(gè)被關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里的男孩偷了錢。第一空為定語從句，修飾先行詞the boy ，且先行詞在從句中作主語，指人，故應(yīng)用who或that引導(dǎo)該從句；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他”，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，可以用who代替that，此處被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“the boy who had been in prison”，是人，故應(yīng)用that或who。故選C。
48．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：在我們醫(yī)院，我們有50個(gè)病人必須要照顧。take care of是固定短語，先行詞是fifty patients，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語，故用whom。故選C。
49．A
【詳解】考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞。句意：有一座山，它的山頂全年覆蓋著雪。分析句子成分可知，先行詞a mountain與top構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做定語。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】定語從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇可考慮以下三點(diǎn)：
(1)一看先行詞的意義，即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因(如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom，指人時(shí)通常不用which等)
(2)二看關(guān)系詞的句法功能，即分清關(guān)系詞是擔(dān)任什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose，有時(shí)也用which；作狀語要用when, where, why)
(3)三看定語從句的種類，即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)
分析句子可知，先行詞a mountain與top構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系，故用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做定語。故選A。
50．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. 我放進(jìn)杯里的指頭不是放進(jìn)嘴里的那個(gè)。B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)跳上站臺(tái)的男孩嗎？C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land. 科學(xué)和新技術(shù)使農(nóng)民在同樣的土地上生產(chǎn)更多的食物成為可能。D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth. 古代人們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為太陽繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。A選項(xiàng)中，I put it into my mouth.定語從句中，先行詞為the one，在從句作賓語，用that引導(dǎo)或省略，句中不再用it指代。故選A。
51．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：足球迷就是對(duì)足球有濃厚興趣的人。fan表示“愛好者”，應(yīng)用person作先行詞，后接定語從句，指人，在從句中做主語，關(guān)系代詞用who/that，故選C。
52．D
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：瑪麗是個(gè)可愛的女孩，她的許多同學(xué)在必要時(shí)都愿意幫她。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞girl被such修飾，且從句缺少賓語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞as。故選D。
53．B
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Stephen Hawking認(rèn)為地球不可能是生命逐漸發(fā)展的唯一星球。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the only planet，定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選B。
54．D
【詳解】　考查定語從句。句意：在你們班有任何人家在這個(gè)國家嗎？先行詞是anyone，和family是所屬關(guān)系，whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語family的定語。故選D。
【點(diǎn)睛】
55．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：那是我絕不會(huì)忘記的一天。分析句子可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the day，指物，從句中缺少賓語，用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
56．A
【詳解】本題考查關(guān)系代詞。解題步驟：1. 確定從句：從空格到most。2. 確定成分：從句________ interested me most缺少主語，The place為先行詞，所以關(guān)系代詞為which。句意：我最感興趣的地方是少年宮。故選A。
57．C
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：父母雙亡的孩子叫做孤兒。先行詞是 A child， ____ parents are dead是定語從句，故用whose來引導(dǎo)，故選C項(xiàng)。
58．A
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：當(dāng)心!不要太靠近那座屋頂正在修理的房子。先行詞the house在定語從句中作名詞roof的定語。句中the roof of which =whose roof它的屋頂。故選A。

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