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必過05 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣
知識過關(guān)
一.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(一)can, could
用 法
例 句
表示能力,意為“能,會(huì)”;could表示過去的能力。
She can speak French fluently.
她能講一口流利的法語。
can可用于肯定句中,表示客觀或理論上的可能性。
An experienced teacher can make mistakes.
一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。
表示請求或允許。在疑問句中,could可以代替can,語氣更委婉,肯定回答時(shí)要用can,不用could。
—Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?
—Yes, you can.
——明天上午我可以用你的自行車嗎?
——是的,可以。
表示說話者的主觀推測,意為“可能”,用于否定句和疑問句中。can比could語氣強(qiáng)。
He can't be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.
他不可能是我們經(jīng)理。他已經(jīng)去北京了。
表示驚異、懷疑、迷惑等態(tài)度,常用于否定句和疑問句中。
How can you treat me like that?
你怎么能那樣對我?
用于固定習(xí)語中:can't ... too/enough (無論……也不過分;越……越好);can't but do sth. (不得不,只好);can't help doing sth. (禁不住做某事)。
I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
我非常感謝你,在我們不在家時(shí)幫助我的兒子。
One cannot but admire her determination.
人們不得不佩服她的決心。
(二)may, might
用 法
例 句
表示請求或許可。在疑問句中,might可以代替may,語氣更加委婉。給予許可時(shí)用may,不用might。
—Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?
—Yes, you may.
——我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎?
——是的,可以。
表示推測,意為“或許,可能”,通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比may語氣弱。
—I really don't like James.
Why did you invite him?
—Don't worry. He might not come.
——我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。
你為什么邀請他?
——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)心。他或許不會(huì)來。
表示祝愿,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:May+主語+動(dòng)詞原形!
May you be happy every day!
愿你快樂每一天!
用于固定短語中:may/might as well+動(dòng)詞原形(不妨,還是……為好);may/might well+動(dòng)詞原形(很可能……)。
You may/might as well tell him the truth.你不妨告訴他事實(shí)吧。
He may/might well stay in Beijing now.
他現(xiàn)在很可能待在北京。
(三)must, have to
用 法
例 句
表示義務(wù),意為“必須”。must強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀看法,have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要;在回答帶有must的問句時(shí),否定式常用need not (needn't)或don't have to,而不是用must not。
We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動(dòng)。你僅僅告訴我們你能否承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)就行。
I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.我現(xiàn)在不得不走了,因?yàn)槲夷赣H在住院。
must用來表示推測,意為“一定”,只能用在肯定句中。must的肯定程度比can強(qiáng)。
You must be hungry after a long walk.
長途跋涉之后,你一定餓了。
must表示“偏要,非要……不可”。常用于疑問句和條件句中,偶爾也用于陳述句中。
If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.
如果你非要走,至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停了。
mustn't表示禁止,意為“不得,不允許;一定不要”。
You mustn't play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself.你千萬不要玩刀,否則會(huì)傷到自己的。
(四)shall
用 法
例 句
用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話者征求對方的意見。
Shall he come in now?
要不要讓他現(xiàn)在進(jìn)來?
用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話者的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等。
You shall be punished for what you have done.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。
用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等文件中表示義務(wù)規(guī)定,意為“必須”。
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我們有一條規(guī)定,那就是每名學(xué)生在校期間都必須穿校服。
(五)should, ought to
用 法
例 句
should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等,意為“應(yīng)該”。
We should be strict with ourselves.我們應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求自己。
should表示出乎意料、驚訝的口氣,意為“竟然,居然”。
Such a gentleman should do that.這樣一位紳士竟然會(huì)做那種事。
ought to表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任、勸告等,意為“應(yīng)該”,語氣比should略重。
You ought not to be so selfish.
你不應(yīng)該這么自私。
should和ought to表示推測,指合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果,意為“按說應(yīng)該”。
Try phoning Robert — he should be home by now.
給羅伯特打個(gè)電話試試,他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該到家了。
(六)will, would
用 法
例 句
與各種人稱連用,用于陳述句中,表示主語的意志、意愿或決心。will指現(xiàn)在,would指過去。
I will never talk to him again.
我再也不會(huì)和他說話了。
表示征求意見或提出請求,多用于第二人稱疑問句中。would比will語氣委婉。
Will/Would you please close the window?
請把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎?
表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、固有屬性或必然趨勢,意為“總是;習(xí)慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在,would指過去。
Fish will die without water.
沒有水,魚會(huì)死的。
(七)need, dare
用法
例句
need既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞;作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示“需要”,常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。needn't表示“不必”;對need引出的一般疑問句作肯定回答時(shí)用must而不用need,作否定回答時(shí)用needn't。
I needn't use a clock to wake me up, because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
我不必用鬧鐘來叫醒自己,因?yàn)槊刻煸缟狭c(diǎn)都有火車從我家旁邊經(jīng)過。
dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞;作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示“敢,敢于”,后跟動(dòng)詞原形,常用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。
I am so afraid that I dare not move.
我嚇得一動(dòng)也不敢動(dòng)。
二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done
1.對過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測
must have done sth.
“(過去)一定做了某事”;語氣比較肯定;用于肯定句
may (might) have done sth.
“(過去)可能/也許做了某事”;語氣不確定;用于肯定句和否定句
can (could) have done sth.
“本來能夠/可以做某事”;用于否定句和疑問句,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或不確定
It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.
昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)槁泛苣酀簟?br />
The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure.那個(gè)男孩也許知道了真相,但我不是很確定。
I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She couldn't have spoken at the meeting.
我今天上午沒在會(huì)議室看見她,她不可能在會(huì)議上講話。
2.表示“與過去事實(shí)相反”
could have done sth.
過去本可以做某事但實(shí)際上沒做
needn't have done sth.
過去本不必做某事但實(shí)際上做了
ought to/should have done sth.
過去本應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上沒做
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth.
過去本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了
might have done sth.
過去可能做某事但實(shí)際上沒做
You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.
你本可以做得更好,但是你沒有盡力而為。
I needn't have taken the umbrella, for the weather is fine.
天氣這么好,我本沒必要帶雨傘的。
You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.
你本應(yīng)該更仔細(xì)地做這個(gè)練習(xí)。
You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本可以給他更多幫助,雖然你當(dāng)時(shí)很忙。
三.虛擬語氣
(一)虛擬條件句的基本用法
1.if虛擬條件句
(1)基本構(gòu)成
時(shí)間
if從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
對現(xiàn)在的虛擬
過去式(be的過去式用were)
should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
對過去的虛擬
had+過去分詞
should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞
對將來的虛擬
should+動(dòng)詞原形
should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
過去式(be的過去式用were)
were to+動(dòng)詞原形
(2)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句
當(dāng)從句、主句所表示的行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所在的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
If you hadn't left home without a word, your parents wouldn't be so worried now.
要不是你一言不語地離開家,你父母現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)那么擔(dān)心了。(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
(3)省略if的倒裝句
if虛擬條件狀語從句中出現(xiàn)were, had, should時(shí),可省略if,把were, had, should提到句首,變?yōu)榈寡b句式。
Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
要是他趕上了早晨的火車,那他就不會(huì)開會(huì)遲到了。
2.含蓄條件句
(1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件句表達(dá),而是用but for, without等介詞(短語)或上下文來表示。
We wouldn't have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果沒有你的及時(shí)幫助,我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。
(2)用連詞otherwise, or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反,從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了,否則,我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。
(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來,模式為“虛擬情況+but+真實(shí)情況”。
I would have delivered a speech, but I had a cold that day.
我本來可以演講的,但是那天我感冒了。
(二)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的用法
1.主語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1)某些It is/was+形容詞/過去分詞/名詞+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣,即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。
It's vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.重要的是我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)真對待我們的安全駕駛。
(2)用于本句型常見的形容詞、過去分詞、名詞
形容詞
necessary, important, best, right, impossible, preferable, desirable, advisable, essential, urgent, strange等。
過去分詞
通常表示提議、要求、命令等,如suggested, required, requested, demanded, urged, decided, proposed, ordered, desired, advised等。
名詞
pity, regret, desire, rule, shame, honour, surprise等。
2.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1)賓語從句在表示“提議”“要求”“命令”“意志”等動(dòng)詞后,其謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬。常見的此類動(dòng)詞有insist (堅(jiān)持要求,堅(jiān)決主張), order, command, advice, suggest (建議), propose, recommend, ask, demand, require, request, urge, arrange, desire, intend, direct等。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.
他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。
[易錯(cuò)提醒] 當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示,表明”之意,insist表示“堅(jiān)持說,堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意時(shí),suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣,而使用陳述語氣。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑表明他對我們的工作很滿意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說他從沒有偷過那筆錢。
(2)wish后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,其謂語動(dòng)詞的形式為:
時(shí)間
從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
對現(xiàn)在的虛擬
過去式(be的過去式用were)
對過去的虛擬
had+過去分詞
對將來的虛擬
would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
I wish (that) I were ten years younger.
但愿我能年輕十歲。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
我多希望昨天見到了那個(gè)電影明星。
(3)would rather后接賓語從句用虛擬語氣,其謂語動(dòng)詞的形式為:
時(shí)間
從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
對現(xiàn)在的虛擬
過去式(be的過去式用were)
對將來的虛擬
對過去的虛擬
had+過去分詞
I'd rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我去海邊就好了。
3.表語從句中的虛擬語氣
(1)句子主語是表示“愿望”“勸告”“建議”“主張”“命令”“決定”等行為動(dòng)詞派生出來的同根名詞時(shí),其表語從句常用虛擬語氣“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞有suggestion, proposal, request, advice, decision, requirement等。
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.我們唯一的要求是這事應(yīng)該盡可能快地解決。
(2)虛擬語氣可用于as if, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句:
時(shí)間
從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
對現(xiàn)在的虛擬
過去式(be的過去式用were)
對過去的虛擬
had+過去分詞
對將來的虛擬
would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
She looks as if nothing had happened to her.
她看起來好像什么事都沒有發(fā)生似的。
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
他張開嘴好像要說什么。
[特別注意] 如果從句中描述的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生,那么從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。
It sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。
4.同位語從句中的虛擬語氣
當(dāng)表示建議、提議、命令、要求等的名詞作主語或賓語時(shí),其同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。常見的這類名詞有:
advice建議 decision決定 demand要求
desire渴望 idea想法 motion提議
order命令 plan計(jì)劃 proposal提議
request要求 suggestion建議
We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.我們都同意這個(gè)命令:五點(diǎn)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
5.2個(gè)特定句式中的虛擬語氣
(1)if only引導(dǎo)的條件句及感嘆句
對過去的虛擬
對現(xiàn)在的虛擬
對將來的虛擬
had+過去分詞
過去式(be的過去式用were)
would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形
(2)It is (high/about/very) time (that)... 從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。
If only I had seen the film.要是我看過那部電影就好了。
It is high time that we should start/started out.
我們該出發(fā)了。
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .
A.must B.can C.need D.should
2.(2018·北京) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A.need B.should
C.can D.must
3.(2018·天津) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A.should leave B.must have left
C.might leave D.could have left
4.(2017·天津) My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A.daren’t B.shouldn’t
C.needn’t D.mustn’t
5.(2017·北京) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A.must B.should
C.can D.need
6.(2016·天津) It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t
C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
7.—I don’t care what people think.
—Well, you _______
A.could B.would C.should D.might
8.(2016·北京)I love the weekend, because I _________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t
C.wouldn’t D.shouldn’t
9. My suggestion is that a plan for study ____ at first.
A.will be made B.be made C.was made D.be should made
10.If I_________ ten million dollars, I_________ travel around the world.
A.have; will B.had; will C.have; would D.had; would
11.________ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet Games, I would have passed the final examination.
A.If I devoted B.Had I devoted
C.Would I be devoted D.Should I be devoted
12.It is required that those who will be chosen to take part in that important military training _____ the experience of serving in the army.
A.have had B.will have
C.had D.have
13.If you ________ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
A.haven’t watched B.hadn’t watched C.didn’t watch D.wouldn’t have watched
14.The order came that all the small coal mines ________down in half a year.
A.would be closed B.should be closed C.must be closed D.would close
15.—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—No, but I wish I ________.
A.will B.have C.did D.had
16.________the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A.Had it not been for B.If it were not C.If it had not been for D.Were it not for
17.________ what was going to happen next, I would never have left her alone.
A.Had I known B.If I know C.If I knew D.If had I known
18.My demand was that the information referred to in my report ________to Mr. Brown without delay.
A.should email B.emailed C.must be emailed D.be e-mailed
19.I can’t stand the young man sitting in the front. He always talks as though he ________ everything.
A.knew B.knows C.has known D.had known
20.Linda couldn’t have answered the question so easily if she ________ a few books on world history before hand.
A.hadn’t read B.hasn’t read C.wouldn’t have read D.didn’t read
21.Thomas can take his motor apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ________ me how.
A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teach
22.The new traffic law requires that everyone ________ his or her car checked at least once a year.
A.has B.had C.will have D.have
23.How I wish I ________ to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.
A.had tried B.hadn’t tried C.have tried D.didn’t try
24.My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life________ to finance the Project with their deeper love for these children.
A.be encouraged B.a(chǎn)re encouraged C.were encouraged D.should encourage
25.It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible.
A.a(chǎn)re sent B.be sent C.will be sent D.should send
26.If he ________ to the teacher attentively yesterday, he ________ the answer to the problem now.
A.had listened; would have known B.listened; would know
C.listened; would have known D.had listened; would know
27.If only I ________ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.
A.took B.should take C.had taken D.take
二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
28.—Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework?
—I am doing these exercises now so that I won’t have________on Sunday. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
29.I knew that they ________ (be) worried about me because I was so far away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
30.It is suggested that another school ________ (set) up in our city.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
31.The children of Nome would be helpless if the infectious disease_________(strike) the town. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
32.It is strongly urged that the meeting___________(delay) till next weekend. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
33.Her pale face suggested that she _______(be) ill and her father suggested she _________(see) a doctor. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
34.My suggestion was that he____________(go) to the cinema with us. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
35.I always read, using different voices, as though I __________ (act) out the stories with my voice and they loved it! (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
36.The children of Nome would be helpless if it __________ (strike) the town. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
37.He took to French as if it ________ (be) his native language. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
38.The man loves the boy as if he ________ (be) his father. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
39.It is essential that we _________(make)efforts to improve our English reading comprehension. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
40.I could easily meet my classmate’s requirement that I__________(finish)the game in ten minutes. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
41.I will not take his suggestion that I__________(try)to lose weight, because being fat suggests that I am happy. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
42.The manager put forward a suggestion that we____________(have) an assistant. There is too much work to do. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
43.At the conference,the secretary made a motion that the negotiation____________(put)off to next week. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
44.The principal supported the motion that all the teachers____________(give) the chance to receive further education. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
45.I suggested that we ________(tackle)the problem in another way. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
46.It was suggested that we ________(leave) as early as possible. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
47.It is essential that he _________(send) there at once. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
48.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______________(lose)all practical value by the time they were finished. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
49.If you had told me in advance, I______________(meet) him at the airport. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
50.He insisted he______________(be)right, and that we______(apologize). (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
51.“You______________ (be) there on time,” the teacher insisted. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
52.Regulations of the university require that students__________(attend)at least 90% of the lectures. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
53.My requirement is that you__________ (apologize) to me in public. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
54.The police recommended that the___________ (injure) in the accident ___________ (take) to the hospital. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
55.I wish it_________(snow)tomorrow. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
56.How he wished he_________(possess)such a magnificent palace then! (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
57.I wish I_________(be) taller. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
58.I wish I_________ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
59.It is very important that a student________(learn)English well. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
60.It is surprising that she________(marry) a farmer. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
61.It’s strange that there________(be) no lights on. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
62.It’s natural that you_________(forget)it. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
三、完成句子
63.她看起來好像年輕了十歲。
She looks ________ she ________ ten years younger.
64.她的醫(yī)生建議她一天鍛煉至少2小時(shí),因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)對她的總體健康起作用。
Her doctor recommended that __________at least 2 hours a day, because exercise could _________ to her overall fitness.
65.她拒絕了他單獨(dú)做那項(xiàng)工作的請求。
She refused the demand that____________ ____________ ____________the work alone.
66.他已收到了他立刻出發(fā)的命令。
He has received the order that____________ ____________ ____________ ____________at once.
67.英語老師堅(jiān)持要我們在課堂內(nèi)外都講英語。
Our English teacher insists that we______________ ______________ ______________in and out of class.
68.她說話的口氣好像以前去過那兒似的。
She talks___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________.
69.假如下雨,莊稼就會(huì)有救。
________ ________ ________ ________, crops would be saved.
70.他這樣想是很自然的事。
It is quite natural that________ ________ ________ ________.
參考答案:
1.B
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:吉姆說我們可以住在他的房子里,只要我們保持它干凈整潔。A. must必須;B. can能,可以;C. need需要;D. should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim許可我們待在他的房子里,即:我們”能,可以”待在他的房子里。故選B。
2.C
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:在今天的信息時(shí)代,數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問題是客觀上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況,即“客觀可能性”,故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒有該用法。need需要;should應(yīng)該,竟然;must必須,肯定。
點(diǎn)睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,會(huì);2. (表示推測)可能,可能會(huì);3.(表示允許,請求)可以;4.(表示客觀可能性)有時(shí)會(huì)。
3.D
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測。句意:我不能找到我的錢包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知,是對過去事情的推測,故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done,再根據(jù)后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推測為不能肯定的推測,故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,表示“可能”。故選D。
【點(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考的熱點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。本題抓住兩點(diǎn):第一、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語可以判斷出是對過去事情的推測,故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done;如果是對現(xiàn)在事情的推測,才用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v原形。第二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。must為肯定推測,表示“一定”,could為不肯定推測,表示“可能”,這樣就能選出正確答案。
4.C
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我的房間很亂,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打掃,我可以明天早晨再打掃。A. daren’t不敢;Bshouldn’t不應(yīng)該;C. needn’t不需要;D. mustn’t不許。根據(jù)but可知,意思表示轉(zhuǎn)折,故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強(qiáng)弱,這幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式意思各不相同,確定各自的含義,弄清它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。daren’t通常表示“不敢”,shouldn’t強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù),必要性;needn’t表示“不需要”,mustn't表示不許,語氣比較強(qiáng)烈,它們之間有明顯不同。
5.C
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:Samuel,我班最高的男生,能很輕松地夠著書架頂上的書。A. must必須;B. should應(yīng)該;C. can能;D. need需要。此處需要一個(gè)表示能力的詞,故用can,故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,need, should等
1. can 的用法:
???① 表示能力??“能,會(huì)”??????eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他會(huì)說一點(diǎn)日語。
???② 表示請求或許可??“可以”??eg: Can I help you???要我?guī)兔???
???③ 表示猜測???????“可能”???eg: Where can she go now???她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法:
①表示請求或允許??“可以”“準(zhǔn)許”???eg: May I go??home,please?請問我可以回家嗎???
???② 表示可能性??“ 可能”、也許”??eg: I think it may rain this afternoon.??我想今天下午可能下雨。
???注:might為may的過去式,但也可以代替may,語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。
???eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也許不來了。(語氣不肯定)??
??????②You might also get a headache when you work too hard,當(dāng)你工作太努力時(shí),你也可能患頭痛
3. must的用法:
?????①表示義務(wù)、必要或命令 “必須、應(yīng)該”??eg: You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早來。
?????② 表示推測時(shí)“肯定,一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他們肯定在家,燈亮著呢.??
?????③ must not??禁止,不許??????eg: You must not tell lies.??你不許撒謊。
注意: ①must開頭的疑問句,其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't
?????????eg: ---Must I finish my homework first???我必須先完成作業(yè)嗎?
???????????---No, you??don't have to/ needn't.?????不,你不必。
??????????②??can 和 must在 表推測時(shí),can一般否定句中,而must 常用于肯定句中。
????????eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那個(gè)人不可能是李磊
② It must be??Li Lei 那個(gè)人肯定是李磊。
4. need 的用法:
??① 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞???“需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑問句中。
????eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必來。
??② 行為動(dòng)詞??“需要, 有必要” 可以用于各種句式中。
eg:??①You don't need to go now.??你不必現(xiàn)在就走。
② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
??????③ Do we need to finish all the work today???我們今天需要完成所有的工作嗎?
need的用法的助記口訣:
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式。????need后接動(dòng)名詞,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“需要”,沒有人稱 數(shù)之變。????????其后直接加動(dòng)原,多用疑問與否定。
6.B
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:這真是令人生氣的;我不能進(jìn)入你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫。A. wouldn’t不愿意;B. couldn’t不能;C. shouldn’t不應(yīng)該;D. needn’t不必。故選B。
7.C
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意:--我不關(guān)心人們的想法。--嗯,你應(yīng)該關(guān)注。答話的人提了一個(gè)建議——你應(yīng)該關(guān)注別人對你的評價(jià)的。should可以用來向別人提建議,故選C。
8.A
【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我喜歡周末,因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也恍枰缙?。A. needn’t不需要;B. mustn’t禁止;C. wouldn’t不愿;D. shouldn’t不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)常識及前一句I love the weekend可知,周六、周日不用早起,故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,may,must,need。
1. can 的用法:
(1)表示能力??“能,會(huì)” 例如:He can speak a little Japanese.他會(huì)說一點(diǎn)日語。
(2)表示請求或許可??“可以” 例如:Can I help you? 要我?guī)兔?
(3)表示猜測??“可能” 例如:Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2. may 的用法:
(1)表示請求或允許??“可以”“準(zhǔn)許” 例如:May I go home, please?
(2)表示可能性??“可能”也許” 例如:I think it may rain this afternoon.
注:might為may的過去式,但也可以代替may,語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣或更加不肯定。
例如:He might not come today. (語氣不肯定)
You might also get a headache when you work too hard.
3. must的用法:
(1)表示義務(wù)、必要或命令??“必須、應(yīng)該” 例如:You must come early tomorrow.
(2)表示推測時(shí)??“肯定,一定” 例如:They must be at home. The light is on.
(3)must not 禁止,不許 例如:You must not tell lies.
注意:①must開頭的疑問句,其否定回答通常用don’t have to 或needn’t,而不用mustn’t。
例如:—Must I finish my homework first?
—No, you don’t have to/ needn’t.
②can 和 must在表推測時(shí),can一般否定句中,而must 常用于肯定句中。
例如:It can not be Li Lei.
It must be Li Lei.
4. need的用法:
(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞??“需要, 有必要”,一般用于否定句或疑問句中。
例如:You needn’t come here this afternoon.
(2)行為動(dòng)詞??“需要, 有必要”,可以用于各種句式中。
例如:You don’t need to go now.
I need to have a rest.
Do we need to finish all the work today?
口訣助記need的用法:
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式。????need后接動(dòng)名詞,主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“需要”,沒有人稱、數(shù)之變。??????其后直接加動(dòng)原,多用疑問與否定。
9.B
【詳解】這題考查虛擬語氣:主語是suggestion后面的表語從句用虛擬語氣:Sb (should)do,另外學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃是被制定。選B。
10.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果我有一千萬美元,我會(huì)周游世界。分析句子可知表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬語氣,if從句用一般過去時(shí),主句用would+動(dòng)詞原形。故選D。
11.B
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果我把更多的精力放在學(xué)習(xí)上,而不是沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲,我就能通過期末考試了。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),當(dāng)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中有were/should/had(過去完成時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞)時(shí),可以省略if,將were/should/had放于句首,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。故選B。
12.D
【詳解】試題分析:考查虛擬語氣。句意:按要求入選加入重要軍事訓(xùn)練的人們需要有服役經(jīng)歷。It is required that,包含表示命令、要求的動(dòng)詞require,主語從句虛擬,虛擬部分為should have,可省略助動(dòng)詞should,選D。
考點(diǎn):虛擬語氣
13.B
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果你昨晚沒有看那部晚場電影,你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么困了。由語意可知,之所以你感到困,是因?yàn)槟阕蛲砜戳艘箞鲭娪埃纱丝芍绻銢]有看,你就不會(huì)困。本句是錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句,從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故用過去完成時(shí),即had done結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B項(xiàng)。
14.B
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:命令規(guī)定半年內(nèi)關(guān)閉所有小煤礦。order, advice, command等表示“建議”類名詞與that從句連用,從句用虛擬語氣,且用should+動(dòng)詞原形。故選B項(xiàng)。
15.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:——你去過長城嗎?——沒有,但我希望我有。I wish...從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。had后面承前省略了been to the Great Wall。故選D項(xiàng)。
16.D
【詳解】考查條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。句意:要不是因?yàn)檫@些云的話,你很容易就能在空中找到那架飛機(jī)。這里的“要不是因?yàn)檫@些云的話”是一種與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),故用一般過去時(shí),A、C項(xiàng)都是過去完成時(shí),應(yīng)排除;即為if it were not for,這里是省略了if將be動(dòng)詞提前,從句倒裝。故選D項(xiàng)。
17.A
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果我知道接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么,我絕不會(huì)丟下她一個(gè)人。本句是省略了if的條件句,且表示與過去事實(shí)相反,從句用過去完成時(shí)。使用if省略,把had提到從句主語之前,故選A。
18.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我的要求是,我報(bào)告中提到的資料應(yīng)立即用電子郵件寄給布朗先生。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知,was后面是一個(gè)表語從句,空格處是該表語從句的謂語部分,而英語中demand, advice, proposal, suggestion等名詞跟表語從句時(shí),從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用should do,should可以省略,所以排除B項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng);從句的主語the information和動(dòng)詞e-mail之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)。
19.A
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我不能忍受坐在前面的那個(gè)年輕人。他說起話來總是好像什么都知道似的。分析句子,句中as though意為“似乎,好像”,后面的內(nèi)容表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,即對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,故用一般過去時(shí)。故選A。
20.A
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果琳達(dá)沒有預(yù)先讀過幾本關(guān)于世界歷史的書,她就不能這么輕易地回答這個(gè)問題了。由句意和上文的couldn't have answered可知,此處是if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句,表示與過去事實(shí)相反,從句用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。
21.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:托馬斯可以把他的馬達(dá)拆開再組裝起來。我真希望他能教我怎么做。在wish后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,表示對將來的愿望應(yīng)用would/could/might do。故選D。
22.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:新的交通法規(guī)要求每個(gè)人每年至少檢查一次他或她的車。require后面的賓語從句中應(yīng)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣,should可省略,因此空格處是動(dòng)詞原形have,故選D。
23.B
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我多么希望我沒有去修理那塊表!我只讓事情變得更糟了。動(dòng)詞wish后接賓語從句時(shí),從句謂語要用虛擬語氣,若表示與過去相反的愿望,從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)句意以及“made”可知,句中表示和過去事實(shí)相反的情形,所以賓語從句用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)合 I only made it worse.可知,此處表示我多么希望我沒有修理那塊表,故選B。
24.A
【詳解】考查虛擬語態(tài)。句意:我的建議是,更多各行各業(yè)的人們被鼓勵(lì)用他們對這些孩子更深的愛來資助這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。suggestion后的表語that從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省。且主語people與encourage是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A。
25.B
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:重要的是,這些申請表格應(yīng)盡早返回。It is essential that....從句謂語用虛擬語氣,即should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式。故選B項(xiàng)。
26.D
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果他昨天認(rèn)真聽老師講課,他現(xiàn)在就知道問題的答案了。根據(jù)句意和if從句的時(shí)間狀語yesterday和主句的時(shí)間狀語now可知,這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)含錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語氣,從句與過去事實(shí)相反,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用had done形式,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用would do形式。故選D項(xiàng)。
27.C
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:要是我昨晚帶把傘就好了!我全身都濕透了。If only表示“要是……就好了”,這里表示與過去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),因此空格處是had taken,故選C。
28.to
【詳解】考查have to的用法。句意:——明天是假期。你為什么在做作業(yè)?——我現(xiàn)在在做這些練習(xí),這樣星期天就不用做了。have to do,不得不做、必須做,此處省略了to之后的內(nèi)容。故填to。
29.would be
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我知道他們會(huì)擔(dān)心我,因?yàn)槲以诤苓h(yuǎn)的地方,如果我媽媽知道了,她會(huì)睡不著的。分析可知,設(shè)空處為賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞,結(jié)合語境表示“會(huì)”用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will;主句為一般過去時(shí),故此處用will的過去時(shí)形式。故填would be。
30.(should) be set
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣和語態(tài)。句意:有人建議在我們城市再建一所學(xué)校。suggest作“建議”講時(shí),其后的賓語從句要用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。分析句子可知,another school 與set up為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以此處set up要用被動(dòng)形式。故填(should) be set。
31.struck
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果傳染病侵襲該鎮(zhèn),諾姆的孩子們將無助。根據(jù)句意和句中“would be helpless”可知,句子為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式,“strike”意為“侵襲”,動(dòng)詞詞性,過去式為“struck”。故填struck。
32.should be delayed
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:人們強(qiáng)烈要求把會(huì)議推遲到下周末。It是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的從句是主語從句,urge表示“強(qiáng)烈要求,敦促”,從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣,謂語部分用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且動(dòng)詞delay和主語the meeting之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填should be delayed。
33.???? was???? (should) see
【詳解】考查賓語從句、時(shí)態(tài)、虛擬語氣。句意:她蒼白的臉色表明她生病了,她父親建議她去看醫(yī)生。第一空前主語為Her pale face,此處的謂語動(dòng)詞suggested意為“暗示,表明”,后接賓語從句,應(yīng)用陳述語氣,即與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),從句主語為she,故填was。第二空前主語為her father,根據(jù)and前的語境,她生病了,所以父親“建議”她應(yīng)該去看病,此處的謂語動(dòng)詞suggested意為“建議”,接賓語從句時(shí),謂語用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形,且should可以省略。第二空應(yīng)填(should) see。故答案為:①was;② (should) see。
34.should go##go
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我的建議是他和我們一起去看電影。根據(jù)句意和句中的名詞suggestion可知,該題是考查虛擬語氣在表語從句中的運(yùn)用:suggestion, requirement等名詞后接表語從句,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,且should可以省略。故填(should) go。
35.were acting
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我總是用不同的聲音念書,就好像我在用我的聲音表演這些故事,它們很喜歡這樣!as though意為“好像,仿佛”;此處是虛擬語氣,敘述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事情,并且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),be動(dòng)詞用were。故填were acting。
36.struck
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果它(傳染?。┮u擊了這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn),諾姆的孩子們將會(huì)很無助。根據(jù)句意可知,此處是一種假設(shè),用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)主句中的would be可知,if引導(dǎo)的從句表示與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填struck。
37.had been
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:他喜歡上了法語,就好像法語是他的母語一樣。根據(jù)句意可知,“法語是他的母語一樣”是一種假設(shè),應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,由主句took可知,此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),故填had been。
38.were
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:這個(gè)男人愛這個(gè)男孩就像是他的父親一樣。as if引導(dǎo)的從句使用虛擬語氣,此處表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬,謂語動(dòng)詞使用一般過去式,be動(dòng)詞需用were。故填were。
39.should make##make
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我們必須要努力提高我們的英語閱讀理解能力。在句型“It be+essential+that從句”中,that從句用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用should +動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填should make或make。
40.(should)finish
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我很容易就能達(dá)到同學(xué)要求的十分鐘內(nèi)完成游戲的要求。本句為同位語從句,requirement 后接賓語從句時(shí),賓語從句用虛擬語氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填(should)finish。
41.should try##try
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我不會(huì)接受他關(guān)于我應(yīng)該努力減肥的建議,因?yàn)榉逝忠馕吨液芸鞓贰uggestion后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣,謂語部份為should + 動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填(should)try。
42.should have##have
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:經(jīng)理建議我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)助手。要做的工作太多了。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明suggestion的內(nèi)容,suggestion表示“建議”,同位語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,即謂語部分用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略,故填(should) have。
43.(should)be put
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:在會(huì)上,秘書提議把談判推遲到下星期。根據(jù)句意可知,made a motion表示“建議”,需要用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬語氣。且negotiation與動(dòng)詞put之間是“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系”,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填(should)be put。
44.should be given##be given
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:校長支持給所有教師接受進(jìn)一步教育的機(jī)會(huì)的動(dòng)議。motion意為“提議,議案”,其后that從句是同位語從句,從句中用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣,其中should可省略,老師是被給機(jī)會(huì),因此空格處用(should) be given。故填(should) be given。
45.should tackle##tackle
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我建議我們用另一種方法來解決這個(gè)問題。suggest“建議”,其后的賓語從句要用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。故填(should)tackle。
46.should leave##leave
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:建議我們盡早離開。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞作謂語,而表示“建議、命令、要求”等詞后的從句要用虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為should do,should可省略,故此處應(yīng)填should leave或leave。故填should leave或leave。
47.should be sent##be sent
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:馬上把他送到那里去是必要的。it is essential that...為固定句型,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,從句使用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞為(should) do,he和send為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填(should) be sent。
48.would have lost
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果用人工來進(jìn)行這些數(shù)以百萬次計(jì)的計(jì)算,那么當(dāng)這些計(jì)算完成時(shí),它們也失去了任何實(shí)際意義?!癶ad they been done by hand”是一個(gè)省略了連詞if、主謂語進(jìn)行了部分倒裝的非真實(shí)條件句(正常語序?yàn)閕f they had been done by hand),并作為插入語放在了主句主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間。從該條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞had been done可知此虛擬句是對過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),所以主句謂語動(dòng)詞用would have done的形式。故答案為would have lost。
49.would have met
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果你事先告訴我,我就會(huì)去機(jī)場接他了。根據(jù)句意和if從句中的過去完成時(shí)可知,該句子表示的是和過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,所以,主句中的謂語應(yīng)該用would have done形式。故填would have met。
50.???? was???? (should)apologize
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞的用法。句意:他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他是對的并且堅(jiān)決主張我們應(yīng)該道歉。當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的含義時(shí),其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣;當(dāng)insist表示堅(jiān)決主張干什么的含義時(shí)其后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣should +do, should可以省略。根據(jù)句意可知,第一個(gè)空表示的是堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,所以不用虛擬語氣,再根據(jù)句中insisted可知此處要用一般過去時(shí),故一個(gè)空填was;第二個(gè)空表示堅(jiān)決主張,所以應(yīng)用should +do的虛擬語氣should apologize,故填was, (should) apologize。
51.be##should be
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:“你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒,”老師堅(jiān)持要求到。動(dòng)詞insist作為“堅(jiān)持要求”之意,從句用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣,should可以省略。根據(jù)句意,故填 (should) be。
52.a(chǎn)ttend##should attend
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:這所大學(xué)的規(guī)定要求學(xué)生至少要上90%的課。require表示“需要”,后面是賓語從句,從句中用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填(should) attend。
53.should apologize##apologize
【詳解】考查表語從句的虛擬語氣。句意:我的要求是你當(dāng)眾向我道歉。根據(jù)句意可知,requirement“要求”作主語時(shí),其表語從句需要使用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語氣。即apologize動(dòng)詞原形或者在其前加should,構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。故填(should)apologize。
54.???? injured???? (should) be taken
【詳解】考查形容詞、虛擬語氣。句意:警方建議將事故中的受傷者送往醫(yī)院。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),第一空在賓語從句中作主語,“the+形容詞”表一類人,此處應(yīng)用形容詞形式injured,意為“受傷的,有傷的”;根據(jù)recommend,后接賓語從句時(shí),應(yīng)用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形,其中should可省略,take與邏輯主語the injured之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填(should) be taken。故填:①injured;②(should) be taken。
55.would snow
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我希望明天下雪。wish后接賓語從句,表示對將來情況的虛擬:wish+主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形。故填would snow。
56.had possessed
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:他多么希望他那時(shí)擁有這樣的一座宏偉的宮殿啊!分析句子可知,這里考查從句的虛擬語氣,再由then可知,這里表示對過去的假設(shè),所以從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),且he和possess為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填had possessed。
57.were
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我希望我能更高點(diǎn)。wish后面的賓語從句表示一種不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),be動(dòng)詞用were。故填were。
58.had been
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:我希望上周二我參加了我姐姐的婚禮,但那時(shí)我正在紐約出差。wish后的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,由句中的時(shí)間狀語“l(fā)ast Tuesday”可知,空處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,故用過去完成時(shí)。故填had been。
59.should learn##learn
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:學(xué)生學(xué)好英語是很重要的。此處為句型it be important that...,從句用虛擬語氣,should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填(should) learn。
60.should have married/have married
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:她嫁給一個(gè)農(nóng)民真是令人驚訝。it是形式主語,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,從句中缺少謂語,表示現(xiàn)在之前的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成,It is surprising that句型是虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填should have married或have married。
61.should be##be
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:真奇怪,沒有燈開著。分析句子成分可知,該句考查的是固定句型it is strange that...“很奇怪……”,此句型中it為形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的為主語從句,且應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,should+V-原形,should可以省略。故填should be或be。
62.forget##should forget
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意:你會(huì)忘記它這是很自然的事。it's natural that...是固定句型,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用should加動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。故填forget或should forget。
63.???? as if???? were
【詳解】考查表語從句和虛擬語氣。引導(dǎo)表語從句,表示“好像,仿佛”應(yīng)用as if;此處為虛擬語氣,且表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),be動(dòng)詞用were。故填①as if②were。
64.???? she (should) work out/take exercise???? make a difference
【詳解】考查固定短語和虛擬語氣。句意:她的醫(yī)生建議她一天鍛煉至少2小時(shí),因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)對她的總體健康起作用。She她,work out/take exercise為固定短語,意為“鍛煉”;make a difference為固定短語,意為“有影響,對……起作用”。recommend后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,使用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞使用(should) do,第一空需填she (should) work out/take exercise;could為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面需加動(dòng)詞原形,第二空需填make a difference。故填she (should) work out/take exercise;make a difference。
65.???? he???? should???? do
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。名詞demand表示“請求”,后跟that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,從句需用虛擬語氣,謂語部份為should do。故填he should do。
66.???? he???? should???? start???? out
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣?!俺霭l(fā)”使用動(dòng)詞短語start out,分析句子可知,that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,補(bǔ)充說明order的內(nèi)容,order表示“命令”,同位語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,即謂語部分用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,故填①he②should③start④out。
67.???? should???? speak???? English
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。insist作“堅(jiān)持要求”時(shí)后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣,謂語動(dòng)詞用should+do,should可以省略;“說英語”表達(dá)為動(dòng)詞短語speak English,所以設(shè)空處填should speak English。故答案為①should②speak③English。
68.???? as???? if???? she???? had???? been???? there???? before
【詳解】考查方式狀語從句和虛擬語氣。表示“好像”應(yīng)用as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,由語意可知,從句部分應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,表示與過去事實(shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí),即用had done結(jié)構(gòu),故表示“好像她以前去過那里”應(yīng)為as if she had been there before。故空處1填as,空處2填if,空處3填she,空處4填had,空處5填been,空處6填there,空處7填before。
69.???? Were???? it???? to???? rain
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意以及后文的“crops would be saved”可知設(shè)空處為虛擬條件句,對將來的情況進(jìn)行假設(shè),所以“假如下雨”可以用翻譯為if it were to rain,該條件句中if可以省略,were提前構(gòu)成倒裝,即were it to rain,因?yàn)橹糜诰涫祝詗ere開頭字母大寫。故答案為①Were②it③to④rain。
70.???? he???? should???? think???? so
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣和動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)中英文提示,空處缺少“他這樣想”,譯為he think so,It's natural that...是固定句型,后面的從句中使用虛擬語氣,謂語謂語動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略,故填①he②should③think④so。
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