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必過06 非謂語動詞

知識過關

一.非謂語動詞做狀語
1.分詞作狀語
分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語是句子的主語;一般在句中作時間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨等狀語。
(1)現在分詞作狀語時,分詞表示的動作是由句子主語執(zhí)行的,它們之間是主動關系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
聽到這個消息,他們很興奮。
(2)過去分詞作狀語時,分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間是被動關系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果給予正確的訓練,這些青少年足球運動員有一天也許會成為國際明星。
2.動詞不定式作狀語
(1)動詞不定式作狀語主要用來表示目的,有時也可以表示結果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到喬治進來,她很驚訝。
(2)動詞不定式作目的狀語時,常位于句首或句中,形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等,但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
為了通過考試,他努力學習。
(3)作目的狀語的動詞不定式動作必須是主語發(fā)出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)

二.非謂語動詞作定語
1.動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作定語,通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,與所修飾的詞之間構成邏輯上的主謂、動賓或同位關系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主謂關系)
她總是第一個到,最后一個離開。
Have you got a letter to write?(動賓關系)
你有一封信要寫嗎?
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
(同位關系)
你有用英語讀寫的能力嗎?
2.分詞作定語
(1)作定語的及物動詞的分詞形式為doing, being done和done。當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關系時,用doing;當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表示分詞動作正在進行時,用being done;當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關系且表示分詞動作已完成時,用done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我沒看過比這部更令人感動的電影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是給老師的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
這個打破了的杯子是湯姆的。
(2)作定語的不及物動詞的分詞形式為doing和done, doing表示正在進行;done表示已經完成。
boiling water 正沸騰的水  boiled water開水
3.動名詞作定語
動名詞可置于名詞前作定語,表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。
a walking stick = a stick for walking  手杖
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping 臥鋪車

三.非謂語動詞作補語
1.后接動詞不定式作補語的動詞及動詞短語
(1)有些動詞或動詞短語后接動詞不定式作賓補,即“動詞/動詞短語+賓語+to do”。常見的這類動詞或動詞短語有:
advise建議    allow允許     ask詢問;要求
beg懇求 cause導致 encourage鼓勵
permit準許 forbid禁止 force強迫
intend打算 invite邀請 order命令;要求
persuade說服 prefer更喜歡 require需要;要求
teach教 remind提醒 tell告訴
want想要 warn警告 wish希望;想要
wait for等待 call on號召;要求 depend on依靠
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向學生解釋了所有的規(guī)則,并要求每個人都遵循這些規(guī)則。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你幫助他學英語。
(2)下列動詞接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語:
一感 (feel),二聽(hear, listen to),三讓(let,have, make),五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at),半幫助 (help),但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主動語態(tài))沒人看見他進來。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被動語態(tài))
有人看見小偷進了銀行。
(3)下列句型中常用動詞不定式作主語補足語,它們是:
sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
據說,他在大街上被騙了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
據報道,那次事故中有兩人喪生。
2.非謂語動詞作感官動詞(短語)、使役動詞的賓補
(1)感官動詞(短語)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的賓語補足語有四種形式, 以see為例:

I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
當我走近時,我看見他的腿在空中亂踢,并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到這個計劃被執(zhí)行。
(2)使役動詞make, let, have, get后接復合賓語的情況:
①make+賓語+
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老師讓一些學生放學后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他盡量把自己的意思表達清楚了。
②let+賓語+
Don't let your child play with matches.
別讓你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要馬上去做。

He had the computer working all the night.
他讓電腦工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上,他的錢包被偷了。

She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行車騎得飛快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(請人)修一下我的自行車。
3.動詞leave, keep, find, catch后加非謂語動詞作復合賓語的情況

(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth.     撞見某人正在做某
四.非謂語動詞作賓語
1.動詞不定式作賓語
(1)跟不定式作賓語的動詞:

決心學會想希望,
拒絕設法愿假裝
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend
主動答應選計劃,
同意請求幫一幫
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help
(2)動詞tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑問詞+動詞不定式”作賓語。
Please tell me when to start the project.
請告訴我何時開始這個項目。
(3)在某些動詞如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后,常用it作形式賓語,然后加賓語補足語,最后加不定式作真正的賓語。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我們認為保護環(huán)境是我們的責任。
2.動名詞作賓語
(1)常跟動名詞作賓語的動詞(短語):

考慮建議盼原諒,承認推遲沒得想
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免錯過繼續(xù)練,否認完成就欣賞
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒險,不禁介意準避免
forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
(2)由“動詞+介詞”構成的短語,其后跟動名詞作賓語,常見的有be/get used to (習慣于), feel like (想要), insist on (堅持), get down to (開始認真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反對), stick to (堅持), give up (放棄)等。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我該認真思考一下那篇論文了。
(3)下列動詞或短語既可以接動名詞作賓語,也可以接動詞不定式作賓語,但意義上有區(qū)別:







五.非謂語動詞作主語、表語及其他
1.動詞不定式作主語
動詞不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動作,常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語,即動詞不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交談是一種很大的樂趣。

[名師指津] 在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”結構中:若形容詞側重于評價人物的特性、特征,則構成不定式復合結構的介詞應用of,此時形容詞常為kind, nice, foolish, generous等詞,且sb.與形容詞之間可構成邏輯上的系表關系;若形容詞側重于描寫不定式動作的特征、特點,則構成不定式復合結構的介詞應用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐獻了這么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.
過低碳生活對我們來說很重要。
2.動名詞作主語
動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習慣性動作。下列句型中常用動名詞作主語:
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前來沒有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
現在大可不必為那件事憂慮。
3.動詞不定式與動名詞作表語
動詞不定式作表語表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實現的動作,而動名詞作表語表示通常的情況。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我的夢想是考入北京大學。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你們英語。
4.分詞作表語
表示事物的特征或性質時,表語用現在分詞;表示人的內心感受時,表語用過去分詞。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
請描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
請描述一只驚恐的狗。
六.獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構的幾種形式:
1.名詞/代詞(主格)+非謂語動詞
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的邏輯主語是Weather而非we)
明天如果天氣好,我們就進行比賽。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix的邏輯主語是his eyes而非he)
他上課專心聽講,眼睛緊盯著黑板。
2.名詞/代詞(主格)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.
學生們正在討論,因為激動,他們的臉都紅了。
The boy came in, sword in hand.
男孩走進來,手里握著劍。
[名師指津] 為使句子簡潔、明快,獨立主格結構中的冠詞或代詞也常省略。
3.with/without+賓語(名詞/代詞)+賓語補足語(形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/非謂語動詞)
幾乎所有的獨立主格結構都可在其邏輯主語前加上with/without,構成with/without復合結構。
Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.
沒有人注意,我偷偷地溜進了屋。
非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
1.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
時態(tài)形式
意義
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般式
與句子謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在謂語動詞的動作之后發(fā)生
to do
to be
done
進行式
在謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生時正在進行
to be
doing

完成式
在謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生
to have
done
to have
been done
完成進
行式
發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前并且持續(xù)到謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生時仍在進行
to have
been doing


The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.
當老師進來的時候,那個男孩假裝正在努力學習。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要舉行的會議很重要。
2.動名詞和現在分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
時態(tài)形式
意義
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般式
與謂語動詞的動作同時或稍后發(fā)生
doing
being done
完成式
先于謂語動詞的動作完成
having done
having been done
Do you like playing chess?
你喜歡下棋嗎?
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
完成作業(yè)后,他上床睡覺了。
3.非謂語動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義
(1)動詞不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,和句子的主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系時,不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。
This book is difficult to understand.
這本書很難理解。
(2)動詞need, want, require作“需要”講時,后跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義,也可跟不定式的被動結構;be worth后也用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.
你的試卷需要再檢查一遍。



一、用單詞的適當形式完成句子
1.From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours_________(support) his family. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
2.You will be cheated if you don’t watch_________. (用適當的詞填空)
3.John had no sisters or brothers and wasn’t used to_________(share).(所給詞的適當形式填空)
4.Students take turns ________ be on duty in the school. (用適當的詞填空)
5.A charity is a non-profit organization, ________ (function) as a platform to offer help to people in need. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
6.We sat at the table, ________ (chat) about the measures taken to protect the endangered animals. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
7.With all the evidence ________ (confirm), the hunter who shot the rare animal to death was caught. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
8.I recommend________ (make) seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
9.The guy found two policemen ________(stand) next to his car. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
10.I hold the firm belief that my suggestions will be of great help to you. I’m looking forward to ________(hear)from you as soon as possible. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
11.Driving requires ________ (concentrate). Speaking on the phone takes a driver’s attention from the road. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
12.________ (impress) with my performance, the interviewers gave me the highest mark in the job interview. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
13.________(impress)the students with the importance of environmental protection, Mr Smith is trying to make detailed preparations for his lecture. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
14.________ (design) a splendid hotel, Mr Huxley has no time for relaxation these days. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
15.Rather than _______________ (discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer _______________ (focus) on the impact of the heavy snow. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
16._______________ (compare) with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
17.There is no sense in _______________ (complain). We should take action now. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
18.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines _______________ (write) a book. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
19.When her mother came in, she pretended _______________ (fall) asleep. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
20.Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength _______________ (do) the most difficult thing in my life. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
21.________ (compare) with our opponent (對手), we have a little advantage. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
22.The means of ________(preserve) meat, fish and vegetables by using salt dates back to thousands of years ago. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
23.Some________(process) food is regarded to be harmful to our body. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
24.I consider it no use________ (quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
25.It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him________ (adapt) to the new environment abroad. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
26.Teenagers________ (addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
27.My parents are content________ (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
28.While the younger generations prefer________ (communicate) visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲線). (所給詞的適當形式填空)
29.I prefer my English classes________ (give) in English only. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
30.________(date)back to 300 years ago,the stone house is well preserved. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
31.My car demands________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
32.The teacher came to the classroom and demanded________ (tell) what was going on just now. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
33.He is equal to________ (accomplish) the task, for no one equals him________ the area. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
34.I’d appreciate your________ (write) me back at your earliest convenience. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
35.________ (base) on a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
36.This problem is not easy _______________ (figure) out. (所給詞的適當形式填空)
37.She had requested the community________ (turn) it into a museum upon her death. (所給詞的適當形式填空)

二、完成句子
38.救援人員移開磚塊搜尋幸存者。(一句多譯)
①The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search n. )
②The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search v. )
39.Elephants need large living spaces, so________.
大象需要很大的生活空間,因此對他們來說,適應這些變化很難。
40.Do you have any more tips for________the Internet safely?
你有更多關于如何安全上網的建議嗎?
41.如果您能考慮我的建議,我將不勝感激。盼望早日收到您的回復。
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. I am ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
42.通過團結和努力抗擊這個可怕的疾病,我們中國人民最終戰(zhàn)勝了它。
_________________, our Chinese people finally defeated it.
43.比較不同品牌的質量,你就知道該怎么做出選擇。
__________________ the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句)
__________________ the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice.(分詞作狀語)
44.我在街上見到她時,她裝作不認識我,這確實使我很難過。
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(賓語從句)
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)
45.加強意志力(willpower)的最好方法就是把它變成一種習慣。
The best way ________________________________________ is to make it into a habit.
46.________is very important for understanding oneself.
欣賞自已國家的文化遺產對于了解自己的國家很重要。
47.我們的英語老師建議我們多讀書來擴大詞匯量。
Our English teacher recommended that_________________.
48.公司里沒有人知道如何解決這個棘手的任務。
No one in the company knows________________.
49.孩子們寧愿騎自行車到鄉(xiāng)下去,也不愿整天待在家里。(一句多譯)
(1)The children preferred________ to the countryside to________ indoors all day.
(2)The children preferred________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
(3)The children would rather________ to the countryside than________ indoors all day.
(4)The children________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
50.它們不僅使人們在晚上很難睡覺,而且還損害著我們具有歷史價值的房子和商店。
They not only ________________ at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
51.在一年的四個季節(jié)中,夏天是我最喜歡的季節(jié)。早晨的空氣呼吸起來棒極了。
Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is ______________.
52.這個小男孩太小了而不能舉起這個沉重的石頭。
The little boy is ____________ the heavy stone.
53.李老師要求我們每天早晨大聲朗讀半小時的英語。(一句多譯)
(1)Mr Li requests that______________ every morning.
(2)Mr Li requests us________________ every morning.
54.在中秋節(jié)期間,家庭成員常常歡聚一堂,一起吃飯、賞月并品嘗月餅。
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together________.

三、句型轉換
55.What you said has completely removed my doubts.(同義句轉換)
→What you said_________. ( have+賓語+賓語補足語)
56.Because he concentrated his attention on playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (同義句轉換)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (with復合結構)
________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (現在分詞短語作狀語)
57.Those beautiful paper-cutting works will surely impress you. (同義句轉換)
Those beautiful paper-cutting works will surely ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(impression)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ are those beautiful paper-cutting works.(what引導主語從句)
58.This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned. (同義句轉換)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(過去分詞短語作定語)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(定語從句)
59.I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it. (同義句轉換)
I ________________________________________ to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
________________________________________ in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing for it. (分詞短語作狀語)
60.(普通表達)I think reading in bed is no good, which does great harm to your eyes.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)I________ in bed, which does great harm to your eyes.(it作形式賓語)
61.(普通表達) She was attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, so she decided to stay another two days.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)________________,she decided to stay another two days. (過去分詞作狀語)
62.(普通表達)The festival is held in November every year. It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)The festival________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year. (現在分詞短語作定語)
63.(普通表達)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)________________ a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(現在分詞短語作狀語)
64.(普通表達)The movie was based on a real-life incident. And it turned out to be a success.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)The movie,________________ a real-life incident, turned out to be a success. (過去分詞短語作定語)
65.I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (同義句轉換)
_____________, I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
66.You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang poems. (同義句轉換)
You are so diligent that I'll ________ help you know more about Tang poems.
You are so diligent that I'll _______help you know more about Tang poems.(what引導賓語從句)
67.After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (同義句轉換)
____________, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (現在分詞短語作狀語)
68.He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. (同義句轉換)
Never before in his life ____________,so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒裝)
Not ____________ before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (現在分詞短語作狀語)
69.Many young people were deeply affected/moved/touched by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (同義句轉換)
__________ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
70.Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (同義句轉換)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (現在分詞短語作狀語)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
71.(普通表達)If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.(同義句轉換)
(高級表達)________________,you’ll soon finish it.(現在分詞短語作狀語)
72.Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.(同義句轉換)
→________________, many kids have lost interest in study.(分詞短語作狀語)

參考答案:
1.to support
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:他從早到晚工作無數個小時,養(yǎng)家糊口。作目的狀語應用不定式。故填to support。
2.out
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:如果你不當心,你會被騙的。根據句意和空格前的動詞watch可知,該題是考查固定短語watch out(當心;留心)。故填out。
3.sharing
【詳解】考查動名詞。句意:約翰沒有兄弟姐妹,不習慣與人分享。根據句意和所給動詞share以及空格前的介詞to可知,空格處應該填入share的動名詞形式sharing,作介詞to的賓語。故填sharing。
4.to 
【詳解】考查短語。句意:學生們在學校輪流值日。take turns to do“輪流做……”。根據句意,故填to。
5.functioning 
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:慈善機構是一個非-盈利組織,功能是作為一個平臺,為需要幫助的人提供幫助。設空為狀語成分,用非謂語動詞形式作狀語,function與邏輯主語charity是主動關系,用現在分詞做狀語。故填functioning。
6.chatting 
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我們坐在桌旁,談論為保護瀕危動物所采取的措施。分析句子結構可知chat在句中與邏輯主語we構成主動關系,故用現在分詞在句中作狀語。故填chatting。
7.confirmed 
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在所有證據證實的情況下,射殺這種稀有動物的獵人被抓住了。with的復合結構,且evidence和confirm之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞表被動,做evidence的賓語補足語。故填confirmed。
8.making
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我建議提前預定座位,因為這是一部受歡迎的電影,觀眾會很多。根據“recommend doing sth建議做某事”可知,recommend后面使用動詞的動名詞形式,所以空格處應當使用make的動名詞形式。故填making。
9.standing
【詳解】考查現在分詞。句意:這家伙發(fā)現兩個警察站在他的車旁邊。根據“next to his car”可知,此處是指發(fā)現某人正在做某事,應用固定搭配find sb doing,此處是用現在分詞作賓語補足語。動詞stand意為“站立”,和邏輯主語policemen構成主動關系。故填standing。
10.hearing
【詳解】考查動名詞。句意:我堅信我的建議對你會有很大的幫助。我期待著盡快收到您的回信。根據句意和空格前的介詞to以及所給動詞hear可知,空格處應該填入hear的動名詞形式作look forward to的賓語。故填hearing。
11.concentration
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:開車需要專心。打電話會讓司機的注意力從路上轉移開。分析句子結構可知,謂語動詞requires缺少賓語,可以用名詞形式作賓語。且根據句意和提示,可填concentration,其不可數,故填concentration。
12.Impressed
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:面試官對我的表現印象深刻,在面試中給了我最高分。短語be impressed with表示“對……印象深刻”,省略be動詞用過去分詞作狀語,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Impressed。
13.To impress
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了讓學生們深刻認識到環(huán)境保護的重要性,史密斯先生正在為他的講座做詳細的準備。根據句意可知,此處表達“為了讓學生們深刻認識到環(huán)境保護的重要性”,表目的,用不定式短語作目的狀語。故填To impress
14.Designing
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于赫胥黎先生正在設計一家豪華酒店,這些天沒有時間放松。分析句子結構可知,橫線處應填入非謂語動詞。根據句意可知,此處表示“進行”,且邏輯主語Mr Huxley 與動詞design是“主謂關系”,應用現在分詞形式的非謂語動詞。故填Designing。
15.???? discuss???? to focus
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我們寧愿把重點放在大雪的影響上,而不是詳細討論所有這些問題。第一空為短語rather than do sth.表示“不做某事”;第二空為短語prefer to do sth.表示“寧愿做某事”。故填①discuss;②to focus。
16.Compared
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:與逃跑的司機相比,我為自己的所作所為感到驕傲。分析句子可知,句中有系動詞“am”,故空格處應用非謂語動詞,“compare…with…”意為“把……和……相比較”,句子主語“I”和“compare”之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故應用“compare”的過去分詞“compared”作狀語,句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Compared。
17.complaining
【詳解】考查固定句型。句意:抱怨是沒有意義的。我們現在應該采取行動。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句型“There is no sense in doing sth.”,意為“做某事沒有意義”,“complain”意為“抱怨”,動詞詞性,動名詞形式為“complaining”。故填complaining。
18.to write
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:天曉得是什么動機驅使,他決定寫一本書。determine to do sth. “決定做某事”,動詞不定式作賓語。故填to write。
19.to have fallen
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:當她媽媽進來時,她假裝睡著了。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短語“pretend to have done sth.”,意為“假裝已經做某事”,應用不定式的完成式“to have done”作賓語,強調動作已經完成,“fall”的過去分詞為“fallen”,故空格處應填“to have fallen”。故填to have fallen。
20.to do
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:夏天讓我充滿活力,我覺得我有力量去做我生命中最困難的事情。短語 have the strength to do sth.表示“有力量做某事”。故填to do。
21.Compared
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:與我們的對手相比,我們有一點優(yōu)勢??仗帪榉侵^語動詞作狀語,與后句為同一主語,即we,和動詞compare是被動關系,故應用過去分詞表被動,單詞位于句首,首字母大寫。故填Compared。
22.preserving
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:用鹽保存肉、魚和蔬菜的方法可以追溯到幾千年前。設空在句中做介詞of的賓語,且空后帶有賓語,故用動詞的-ing形式。故填preserving。
23.processed
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:一些加工食品被認為對我們的身體有害。設空在句中做定語,與名詞food之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞形式,意為“被加工的”。故填processed。
24.quarrelling
【詳解】考查動名詞。句意:我認為和他為這件事爭吵是沒有用的,因為他太固執(zhí)了。分析句子結構可知句中it作形式賓語,no use作賓語補足語。no use作賓語補足語時,動名詞作真正的賓語。故填quarrelling。
25.to adapt
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:使他難以適應國外新環(huán)境的是文化,而不是語言。此處為make it adj. for sb. to do sth.,it作形式賓語,不定式為真正賓語。故填to adapt。
26.addicted
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:沉迷于網絡的青少年更容易患抑郁癥。此處addict在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語teenagers構成被動關系,故用過去分詞作定語。故填addicted。
27.to live
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我父母很滿意住在鄉(xiāng)下,那里的空氣新鮮干凈。固定短語be content to do sth 意為“滿足于做某事”符合句意,故填to live。
28.to communicate##communicating
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:雖然年輕一代更喜歡用視覺方式交流,但對于那些習慣于使用電子郵件等傳統工具的人來說,這可能是一個學習曲線。prefer to do...或者prefer doing...為固定搭配,表示“更喜歡……”,因此填communicating或者to communicate,作賓語。故填communicating/to communicate。
29.to be given
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我更喜歡我的英語課只用英語授課。句中prefer是謂語動詞,English classes作賓語,設空處作后置定語應該用不定式,所給詞give與English classes是邏輯上的動賓關系,所以此空應用不定式的被動形式to be given。故填to be given。
30.Dating
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這座石頭房子有300年的歷史,保存完好。分析句子成分可知,謂語動詞為is preserved,無連接詞,所以提示詞應為非謂語動詞。date back to為固定搭配“追溯到……”,為不及物動詞短語,所以其非謂語形式應為doing。故填Dating。
31.to be repaired##repairing
【詳解】考查動名詞和不定式。句意:我的車需要修理,所以我不得不乘公共汽車上班。sth. demand doing/to be done是固定短語,意為“某物需要被做”,動名詞和不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語,故填to be repaired/repairing。
32.to be told
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:老師來到教室,要求告訴剛才發(fā)生了什么事。demand to do sth. “要求做某事”,又因demand的主語為“The teacher”,老師要求別人告訴他,那老師就是被告訴。所以應為demand to be done。故填to be told。
33.???? accomplishing???? in
【詳解】考查動名詞和介詞。句意:他能勝任這項工作,因為在這方面沒有人能和他相比。be equal to doing是固定短語,意為“勝任做某事”,因此第一空用動名詞accomplishing作賓語,area意為“領域”,表達“在……領域”前面介詞用in,故填accomplishing,in。
34.writing
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:如果您方便回信給我的話,我將非常感激。此處作賓語,構成動名詞的復合結構,應填writing。故填writing。
35.Based
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:我們昨天看的那部電影根據一個真實的愛情故事改編,很受好評。短語be based on表示“基于”,省略be動詞,用過去分詞作狀語,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Based。
36.to figure
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這個問題不容易解決。此處為be easy to do sth.,應填不定式。故填to figure。
37.to turn
【詳解】考查不定式。句意:她要求社區(qū)在她死后把它變成一個博物館。根據句意和句中的動詞request以及所給動詞turn可知,該題是考查動詞request的用法:request somebody to do something(要求某人做某事)。故填to turn。
38.???? in search of any survivor/in their search for any survivor???? to search for any survivor
【詳解】1.考查固定短語和名詞。根據漢語提示,“搜尋”可以用固定短語in search of或in one’s search for表示;“幸存者”可以翻譯為survivor。故填in search of any survivor或 in their search for any survivor。
2.考查不定式、固定短語和名詞。根據句意分析句子可知,空格處可以用不定式作目的狀語;“搜尋”可以用固定短語search for表示,“幸存者”翻譯為survivor。故填to search for any survivor。
39.it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes
【詳解】考查固定句型和非謂語動詞?!啊瓕δ橙藖碚f很難”可用固定句型:it’s difficult for sb. to do sth.表示,其中it是形式主語,不定式是真正的主語;“他們”在句中作介詞for的賓語,用賓格代詞them表示,“適應這些變化”用不定式短語to adapt to the changes表示。故填it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes。
40.how to surf
【詳解】考查特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式的結構。表示“如何”應用特殊疑問詞how;表示“上網”應用動詞短語surf the Internet;分析句子結構和意思可知,這里用特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式的結構。故填how to surf。
41.???? looking???? forward???? to???? receiving???? your???? early???? reply
【詳解】考查動詞,名詞和時態(tài)。根據句子分析可知,這里應用現在進行時,“盼望”為固定搭配look forward to,to是介詞,“早日收到您的回復”為receive your early reply,放在介詞to后面,receive應用動名詞,表示“盼望早日收到您的回復”翻譯為looking forward to receiving your early reply。故填looking forward to receiving your early reply。
42.By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease
【詳解】考查動名詞和固定短語。對比中英文句子可知,空格處意為“通過團結和努力抗擊這個可怕的疾病”,“通過”是by,位于句首,首字母大寫,其后用動名詞作賓語,“團結”是unite,動名詞是uniting,“努力抗擊”是work hard to fight against,用動名詞working作by的賓語,用and連接uniting和working,“這個可怕的疾病”是the terrible disease,故填By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease。
43.???? Compare???? Comparing
【詳解】考查祈使句和非謂語動詞。表示“比較”用compare,第一個句子是祈使句,祈使句是動詞原形開頭;第二句子前后主語一致,you和比較表示主動關系,用現在分詞作狀語,故填Compare;Comparing。
44.???? pretended she didn’t know me???? pretended not to know me
【詳解】考查時態(tài),賓語從句和固定短語。對比中英文句子可知,空格處意為“裝作不認識我”,“假裝”是pretend,“不認識我”可用that引導賓語從句,可省略that,由met可知,時態(tài)用一般過去時,“不認識我”翻譯為“she didn’t know me”,因此第一空是pretended she didn’t know me;“假裝不做某事”是固定短語pretend not to do,“認識我”是know me,由met可知,時態(tài)用一般過去時,因此第二空是pretended not to know me,故填pretended she didn’t know me,pretended not to know me。
45.to strengthen willpower
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞和名詞。根據句意“加強意志力”可知,空格處涉及單詞“strengthen”,意為“加強”,動詞詞性,“willpower”意為“意志力”,為不可數名詞,“strengthen willpower”意為“加強意志力”,“the best way to do sth.”意為“做某事的最好方法”,句中應用不定式作后置定語,故空格處應填“to strengthen willpower”。故填to strengthen willpower。
46.Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage
【詳解】考查短語和非謂語動詞。appreciate欣賞,cultural heritage文化遺產,one’s own某人自己的。分析句子結構可知,句中缺少主語,所以appreciate用動名詞作主語。根據句意,故填Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage。
47.we should read more books to expand our vocabulary
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣,不定式和短語。根據中英文提示并分析句子可知,that引導賓語從句,recommend后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣,謂語動詞用should+v,should可以省略,主語we,read more books“多讀書”,expand our vocabulary“擴大詞匯量”作目的狀語,用不定式形式,故填we should read more books to expand our vocabulary。
48.how to solve the tough task
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。分析句子,設空處應該使用特殊疑問詞+to do不定式結構。根據漢語提示,表示“如何”用how;表示“解決”用solve;表示“棘手的任務”用tough task。故填how to solve the tough task。
49.???? cycling???? staying???? to cycle???? stay???? cycle???? stay???? would cycle???? stay
【詳解】考查固定短語。表示“騎自行車”應用動詞cycle;表示“待在家”應用stay indoors;此處表示“寧愿……也不愿”可用prefer doing to doing sth.或prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.;或would rather do sth. than do sth.;或would do sth. rather than do sth.。故填①cycling;②staying;③to cycle;④stay;⑤cycle;⑥stay;⑦would cycle;⑧stay。
50.make it difficult for people to sleep
【詳解】考查動詞、代詞、形容詞和固定短語。分析句意可知,表示“困難的”可用形容詞difficult;表示“使人們做某事困難”可用使役動詞make和形式賓語it構成固定短語make it difficult for sb to do sth;表示“睡覺”可用動詞sleep。故答案為make it difficult for people to sleep。
51.good to breathe
【詳解】考查固定短語。結合句意表示“做某事好極了”應用be good to do sth.;表示“呼吸”應用動詞breathe。故填good to breathe。
52.too young to raise
【詳解】考查形容詞,不定式和固定短語。根據中英文提示,應用too...to...“太……以至于……”,young“年輕的”作表語,raise“舉起”用不定式作結果狀語,故填too young to raise。
53.???? we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud???? to spend half an hour reading English aloud
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣和固定短語。第一空,request表示“要求”,后跟賓語從句需用虛擬語氣,謂語用should+動詞原形,should可以省略,也可用request sb. to do sth.短語;表示“大聲朗讀半小時的英語”應用spend half an hour reading English aloud。故填①we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud;②to spend half an hour reading English aloud。
54.to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes
【詳解】考查短語和不定式?!俺燥垺笨勺g為 share a meal,“賞月”可譯為 admire the moon,“品嘗月餅”可譯為enjoy mooncakes,三個并列的短語用and連接,再根據句子結構可知,此處表示目的,用不定式作目的狀語。故填to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes。
55.has had my doubts removed completely
【詳解】考查固定結構。句意:你的話完全消除了我的疑慮。此處用have+賓語+賓語補足語改寫,為現在完成時。故填has had my doubts removed completely。
56.???? With???? his???? attention???? concentrated???? on???? Concentrating???? his???? attention???? on
【詳解】考查with復合結構和現在分詞。句意:因為他的注意力都集中在玩網絡游戲上了,所以他沒有注意到廚房著火了。當使用with復合結構時,邏輯主語為his attention,be concentrated on意為“集中在……”,所以attention和動詞concentrate構成被動關系,且動作已完成,所以應用過去分詞形式。當使用現在分詞作狀語時,concentrate...on...意為“將……集中于……”,動詞concentrate和主語he構成邏輯主動關系,此處是指集中注意力,所以應用his attention作concentrate的賓語。句首首字母應大寫。故填①With②his③attention④concentrated⑤on⑥Concentrating⑦his⑧attention⑨on。
57.???? make/leave???? an???? impression???? on???? you???? What???? will???? surely???? impress???? you
【詳解】考查句子結構。句意:那些漂亮的剪紙作品一定會給你留下深刻印象。根據要求用名詞impression,表示“給你留下深刻印象”可用make/leave an impression on you,由情態(tài)動詞will可知,動詞make/leave應用原形;根據要求用what引導主語從句,表示“一定會給你留下深刻印象”用一般將來時,可用What will surely impress you。故填make/leave an impression on you;What will surely impress you。
58.???? designed???? to???? help???? the???? students???? in???? need???? which##that???? was???? designed???? to???? help???? the???? students???? in???? need
【詳解】考查句子結構。句意:這個項目是為了幫助有需要的學生而設計的。但事情并沒有按計劃進行。根據句型轉換要求可知,This project用過去分詞短語作定語,它和design之間是被動關系,用過去分詞作定語,因此第一空填designed to help the students in need;This project后也可以加定語從句,先行詞為The project,從句缺少主語,可用which/that引導從句,故填which was designed to help the students in need。故填designed to help the students in need;which/that was designed to help the students in need。
59.???? am determined##make up my mind???? Determined to perform well##Making up my mind to perform well
【詳解】考查固定短語、時態(tài)和非謂語動詞。句意:我決定在期末考試中表現好,所以我正忙于準備考試。分析句子可知,句子要求我們進行同義句轉換,首先看第一句,需要替換單詞“decide”,意為“決定”,動詞詞性,涉及短語“be determined to do sth.”或“make up one’s mind to do sth,”,意為“決定做某事”,句子陳述的是客觀事實,應用一般現在時,“I”與“am”連用,“one’s”轉換為“my”,故空格一應填“am determined”或“make up my mind”,第二句中應用分詞短語作狀語,句子主語“I”和“determine”為邏輯上的動賓關系,故應用過去分詞作狀語,句首單詞首字母大寫,可填“Determined to perform well”,句子主語“I”和“make”為邏輯上的動賓關系,故應用現在分詞作狀語,也可填“Making up my mind to perform well”。故答案是①am determined/make up my mind②Determined to perform well/Making up my mind to perform well。
60.think it no good reading
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我認為躺在床上看書是不好的,這對你的眼睛有很大的傷害。對比兩句話可知,空格處替換的是“think reading...is no good”,可換成think it no good reading,是it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是動名詞,故填think it no good reading。
61.Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:被西湖的美景所吸引,她決定再呆兩天。句子分析以及和原句比較可知,設空處應為“被西湖美景吸引”作下文she decided to stay another two days的原因狀語。 此句的主語是she,與attract的邏輯主語一致,且attract與she之間是邏輯上的動賓關系,所以用過去分詞形式作狀語,即attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。因處于句首,所以首字母要大寫。故填Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。
62.dating back to the Ming Dynasty
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這個節(jié)日在每年的11月舉行。它可以追溯到明朝,在秋天慶祝豐收。分析句子可知,此處考查非謂語動詞作定語,結合語意可知,此處應用現在分詞作定語修飾邏輯主語The festival,兩者之間是主動關系,故可表達為dating back to the Ming Dynasty。故答案是dating back to the Ming Dynasty。
63.Having struggled for months to find
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:蒂娜努力了好幾個月才找到一份服務員的工作,最后在當地一家廣告公司找到了一份工作。Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress轉化成非謂語動詞,Dina與struggle為主動關系,所以非謂動詞為現在分詞的完成時。故填Having struggled for months to find。
64.based on
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:這部電影是根據一個真實事件改編的。結果成功了。分析句子結合題目要求可知,此處動詞應用非謂語形式,be based on (以……為根據)為固定搭配,此處用非謂語形式based on,作定語修飾the movie。故填based on。

65.Struck by his inspiring words
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:被他鼓舞人心的話打動了,我決定努力提高我的英語水平。本句話所給的句子為and連接的并列句,該句話可以升級成過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞作狀語,表示和句子的主語之間存在被動關系。strike和句子的主語I之間為被動關系。故填Struck by his inspiring words。
66.???? do all/everything in my power to???? do what I can to
【詳解】考查動詞,從句和短語。句意:你太勤奮了,我會盡力幫助你多了解唐詩。根據句意和提示可知,原句中的“try my best to”表示“盡力做某事”,可以變換為do all/everything in my power to“盡我所能做一切事情”,或者do what I can to“盡我所能去做某事”,what引導賓語從句,故填①do all/everything in my power to②do what I can to。
67.Having survived that night
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于那天晚上活了下來,我們相信一切都會好起來的。分析可知,逗號前的句子處理為分詞作狀語,survive和邏輯主語we之間為主動關系,且發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,故應用現在分詞的完成式,作狀語,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Having survived that night。
68.???? had he suffered such a great loss???? having suffered such a great loss
【詳解】考查部分倒裝和非謂語動詞。句意:他一生中從未遭受過如此巨大的損失,所以他幾乎失去了生活的希望。第一空用部分倒裝,原句為過去完成時,故將had提前到主語之前;第二空用現在分詞短語having suffered such a great loss,作狀語。故填①had he suffered such a great loss;②having suffered such a great loss。
69.Deeply affected by##Deeply moved by ##Deeply touched by
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:許多年輕人被他的故事深深打動,開始為殘疾人做志愿工作。此處可用過去分詞短語deeply affected/moved/touched by,作狀語改寫。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Deeply affected/moved/touched by。
70.???? Burying himself in his book???? Buried in his book
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意:因為他埋頭讀書,沒有注意到其他人已經離開了。分析可知,原來的原因狀語從句,處理為分詞作狀語;bury oneself in“專心于”,和邏輯主語之間為主動關系,故用現在分詞作狀語;be buried in“專心于”是固定短語,此處省略be,用過去分詞作狀語。故填Burying himself in his book和Buried in his book。
71.Applying yourself to the job in hand
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意:專心做手頭的工作,你很快就會完成的。此處可用現在分詞短語applying yourself to the job in hand,作狀語,句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Applying yourself to the job in hand。
72.Addicted to surfing the Net
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞,過去分詞短語作狀語。句意:許多孩子沉迷于上網,所以他們對學習失去了興趣。分析可知,Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net可替換為原因狀語,be addicted to“成迷于……”是固定短語,省去be用過去分詞作狀語。故答案為Addicted to surfing the Net。

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