2023屆高考英語閱讀理解專練（10）健康環(huán)保類-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?（10）健康環(huán)保類

一、
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting animal species and their habitats. It is achieved partially through legislation. For example, the Endangered Species Act, the establishment and protection of public lands, and responsible public practices that conserve wild animal populations.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 is our nation’s strongest law protecting wild plants and animals. It is enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Under the act, a species can be designated as “threatened” or “endangered”. Threatened and endangered species are protected under the provisions of the ESA, which restricts human activities that may harm these species and their habitats. Due in part to protections under the ESA, many species have been brought back from the edge of extinction.
In order to survive, a species requires enough food, water, shelter, space, and opportunities to reproduce. In the United States, as elsewhere in the world—habitat destruction is a primary threat to the continued survival of species. Without the existence of suitable habitat, a species will eventually face extinction. Public lands include parks managed by The National Park Service and national wildlife refuges operated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These lands are set aside to be protected for animal and plant species, as well as future generations.
The introduction of invasive species from far away continents introduced by humans can bring havoc to native plant and animal species. The proliferation(激增)of chemicals in the environment including pesticides PCBs, and oil spills, has the potential to poison wild animals and reduce their reproductive capacities. Wild animal populations can also be threatened by overhunting, wildlife trafficking(非法交易), and military weapons testing.
1.What can we know from paragraph 2?
A. ESA’s duty is to classify the species of wildlife.
B. ESA has made great achievements in protection.
C. Humans’ actions made no threat to wildlife before.
D. Threatened and endangered species increase greatly.
2.Which of the following is vital in protecting wildlife from extinction?
A. Enough space. B. Proper temperature.
C. Proper living conditions. D. Vast wetlands.
3.What does the underlined word “havoc” in last paragraph mean?
A. Harm. B. Advantage. C. Nutrition. D. Inspiration.
4.What is the suitable title for the text?
A. The Main Reasons Why Wildlife Is Dying out
B. Efforts Made by Humans to Protect Wildlife
C. Wildlife Conservation’s Effects and Challenges
D. Efficient Ways to Keep Wildlife from Extinction
二、
When put to tests, bees have long proved that they've got a lot more to offer than pollinating(授粉), making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they setup a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees "went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive(刺激) to do so."
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. "This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals and birds," said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study's first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. "They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more," she says.
5.What is the new finding about bees?
A. They are fond of having fun. B. They are faithful to the queen.
C. They are adaptable to changes. D. They are skilled at rolling balls.
6.How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment?
A. By teaching bees new tricks. B. By rewarding bees with food.
C. By making bees feel at home. D. By building new homes for bees.
7.What are Lars Chittka's words mainly about?
A. The forms of bees' interaction. B. The complexity of bees' minds.
C. The examples of mammals' play. D. The purpose of mammals' enjoyment.
8.What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result?
A. It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B. It reveals reasons for bees' positive feelings.
C. It drives research on animals' emotional state.
D. It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
三、
Our planet is losing species at an alarming rate. As the world has become increasingly industrialized, natural habitats have been destroyed to build cities that are unlivable for wildlife. However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature. Inspired by everyday pcople who build "insect hotels" in their backyards, they've created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at, but also allow bugs, birds and wildflowers to thrive(繁殖).
The natural world tends to appear messy and chaotic to the human eye, but there is often method in the madness. Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness.
Qual created a large, yellow, leaf-shaped insect hotel, that's designed to be placed on a flower bed in a park. The structure contains wooden blocks with holes that are 6, 7 and 8 millimeters in diameter(直徑), since different insect species prefer holes of different sizes.
Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle specifically designed to hold a decaying(腐爛的) log that can provide a habitat for insects and plants, along with birds and bats. While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria break down the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.
As for the question of whether people actually want to be so close to bugs, snakes and nesting birds, the designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures. But Hougaard says these structures keep animals contained, while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely. And eventually, if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.
9.Why did Hougaard and Qual build insect hotels?
A. To inspire more people to build one.
B. To bring biodiversity back to cities.
C.To provide a way to manage the city.
D. To slow down the process of industrialization.
10.What did Hougaard and Qual mainly consider in designing their structures?
A. The size of species. B.The variety of colors.
C.The building materials. D. The combination of order and disorder.
11.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "shun" in Para.4?
A. Avoided. B.Created. C.Observed. D. Provided.
12.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. Bugs and snakes annoy people a lot.
B. Modern people have destroyed some creatures.
C. People should protect wildlife for our own good.
D. Hougaard's structures enable people to touch the animals.
四、
A volunteer team in South Africa is rescuing pangolins from illegal trade as the animals face growing threats of extinction.
Pangolins, or scaly ant-eaters as they are otherwise known, are unique species found in Asia and Africa. They are covered in hard scales(鱗甲).When they feel threatened, they roll up into a tight ball with only their scales exposed.
Pangolins are little studied and little understood species. However, they are poached and illegally traded in Asia and Africa. Their meat is considered a delicacy in many Asian countries and the scales are used in expensive clothing and handbags. But much of the illegal trade in pangolins involves their scales, which are thought to fight illnesses. High demand for their scales has resulted in poaching and illegal trade despite the fact that the species is protected.
The African Pangolin Working Group in Johannesburg is a volunteer team of veterinarians(獸醫(yī))and wildlife experts. They take care of their wounds, feed them and bring them back to health. Nicci Wright heads the group.
"When we receive those pangolins they are all very weak, whether they have been with the poachers for a few days or up to two weeks," Wright said. "They have got wounds and injuries, and it is very pitiful and very difficult to emotionally deal with that kind of suffering and abuse."
The group is not just treating pangolins. They also help police to identify and catch poachers and traders, often in undercover operations. They also work on anti-trafficking measures. The latest program is to train dogs to sniff out pangolins being hidden and transported.
It is reported that 97 tons of pangolin scales were seized from smugglers who tried to take them out of Africa last year. This amounts to about 150,000 poached animals. However, it's only about 20 percent of the total number, because the rest escaped with the poachers. "If this trend continues, there is a very likely extinction event for all species of the pangolin," Wright noted.
13.Why are pangolins considered unique mammals?
A. Their meat makes delicious food. B. They have scales to protect themselves.
C.They are in danger of dying out. D. They are little understood species.
14.What pushes the poaching and illegal trade of pangolins?
A. Food shortages in Africa. B. Health benefits of their meat.
C. Medicinal value of their scales. D. The demand of fashion industry.
15.What do the volunteer team's efforts focus on?
A. Catching the poachers and illegal traders.
B. Training dogs to find the hidden pangolins.
C. Reporting any illegal trade or poaching.
D. Treating and tending the rescued pangolins.
16.What is Nicci Wright's major concern according to the last paragraph?
A. Pangolins' suffering and abuse. B. Extinction of all pangolin species.
C. A decline in pangolin populations. D. The research on pangolin's behavior.
五、
Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator(傳粉者) gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May, a movement that began in the UK, is now rapidly spreading throughout the US. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial spring-time by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn(草坪) grow for the month of May. This lets “l(fā)awn flowers” such as dandelions(蒲公英) grow at a time when bee foods rare.
Dandelions, despite being pretty and useful, are non-native. Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth? Here's the basic answer-don't let "perfect" be the enemy of "good". Sure, it'd be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants, but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May, other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn. "Besides dandelions, there are many other plants that are going to be there," says Dr. Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts, scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns, 30 percent of which were native to the state. Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers. "No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature. We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs, and realize flowers play really important roles," says Dr. Claudio Cratton.
17.What is the background to No Mow May in the US?
A. Native bee species are increasing. B. There is a tendency to protect bees.
C. Bees mainly depend on garden plants. D. More people have no time to cut lawns.
18.What do we know about the No Mow May?
A. It needs almost no cost.
B. Few Americans support it.
C. It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D. It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
19.What does the underlined part "poster child" in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Slight element. B. Rare exception.
C. Typical example. D. Difficult problem.
20.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture?
A.A bee-friendly lawn. B. A regularly cut lawn.
C. A lawn growing naturally. D.A lawn with native flowers.
六、
Even tree-planting can increase health risks to local human populations if it focuses too narrowly on a small number of species, as is often the case in commercial forests. Outbreaks of infectious diseases are more likely in areas of monoculture plantations, according to a new study.
The researchers of the study said this was because diseases are filtered(過濾) and blocked by a range of predators(食肉動(dòng)物) and habitats in a healthy, biodiverse forest. When this is replaced by a palm oil plantation or soy fields, the specialist species die off, leaving generalists such as rats and mosquitoes to thrive(繁殖) and spread pathogens(病菌) across human and non-human habitats. The net result is a loss of natural disease regulation.
The researchers examined the correlation between trends for forest cover, plantations, population and disease around the globe using statistics from international institutions such as the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization. Over the period of study from 1990 to 2016, this covered 3,884 outbreaks of 116 diseases that crossed the species barrier and 1,996 outbreaks of 69 vector-borne(媒介傳播的) infectious diseases, mostly carried by mosquitoes, ticks or flies.
The new study adds to a growing body of evidence that viruses are more likely to transfer to humans or animals if they live in or near human-disturbed ecosystems. This is shaped by trade patterns and consumer behavior. A quarter of global forest loss is driven by the production of commodities such as beef, soy, palm oil and wood fibre.
Morand, lead-author of the study, said his study showed that disease risks need to be added to risk-benefit analysis of new projects. “We should take the costs of public health into account when considering new plantations. The risks are first to local people, and then worldwide because we have seen with COVID-19 how quickly diseases can spread.”
Morand is now working on a more detailed study that will use satellite analysis of forest cover to examine links with disease. With more information, he believes it may be possible to predict future outbreaks and to work with local communities to build ecologically diverse and economically productive landscapes that reduce the risks.
21.Why are outbreaks of infectious diseases more likely in areas of monoculture plantations?
A.The specialist species are wiped out by their predators.
B. Biodiversity decline destroys natural disease regulation.
C.Local human populations have no knowledge of health risks.
D. Commercial forests provide food for disease-carrying insects.
22.How did the researchers get their findings?
A. By conducting data analysis. B. By referring to another study.
C.By making field investigation. D. By consulting authoritative agencies.
23.What does Morand intend to do by his words in paragraph 5?
A. Criticize policy-makers. B. Offer a solution to COVID-19.
C. Make a suggestion. D. Support evidence for his findings.
24.What does the last paragraph talk about concerning Morand-led study?
A. Its theoretical basis. B. Its appeal to the public.
C. Expectations for future studies. D. Researchers with new perspectives.
七、
A city in Denmark is about to become the first in the world to provide most of its citizens with fresh water using only the energy created from household wastewater.
The Marselisborg Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) in Aarhus has undergone improvements that mean it can1 now produce more than 150 percent of the electricity needed to run the plant. The extra power can be used to pump drinking water around the city. As well as regularly powering the entire water system of 200,000 people living in the inner city area, any unwanted electricity could be sold into the local power network.
The plant produces energy from the biogas which creates out of household wastewater. Carbon is removed from the wastewater and pumped into digesters(沼氣池) kept at 38℃ filled with bacteria. These produce biogas-mostly methane-that is then burned to make heat and electricity.
Upgrading the facilities in Marselisborg required nearly €3 million, but Aarhus Water expects that to be recovered in just five years. Other cities in Denmark, including Copenhagen, have been trying to copy the example of Aarhus.
When talking about copying Denmark's experience, Molly Walton, energy analyst at International Energy Agency, says, scientists and engineers would firstly have to improve energy efficiency; and it requires an enormous amount of money that could considerably increase the price of the water. Moreover, to work, the wastewater plant needs to be big enough to produce enough biogas, and even the wastewater has to be the right-mix. If it's watered down by much storm or groundwater, it will be almost impossible to recover energy, Walton says.
With rising global: temperatures, more energy will be needed to provide fresh water from other sources such as seawater. The city's action may not solve the problems, but it is a big step in the right direction.
25.What can we learn about the city Aarhus?
A. Aarhus can sell green energy to Denmark.
B. The plant in Aarhus can produce extra power.
C. The plant in Aarhus makes good use of carbon.
D. Aarhus is the first city to benefit from household wastewater.
26.Why is it difficult to practise the way of MWTP?
A. The global temperature is rising. B. Energy efficiency needs improving.
C. The plant is too big to produce biogas. D. MWTP requires demanding conditions.
27.What is Molly Walton's attitude towards copying Denmark's example?
A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Uninterested. D. Positive.
28.What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Copying the example of Aarhus cost a lot.
B. MWTP has improved the processing of biogas.
C. A plant in Aarhus turns wastewater into energy.
D. The water service in Aarhus needs more energy.
八、
NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.

Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart) mission is the first attempt to test if such asteroid redirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuring the amount of redirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said Jay Tate, the director of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.
About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboard camera that will record the final moments before the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.
Then, in November 2024, the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker (斯諾克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough. “The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. There is no silver bullet in this game. What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets,” said Tate.
So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.
29.What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?
A.To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.
B.To examine the impact of dinosaurs’ extinction.
C.To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.
D.To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.
30.Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission?
A. B.
C. D.
31.What is the function of LiciaCube?
A.Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft.
B.Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations.
C.Sending impact data back to Earth.
D.Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit.
32.What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean?
A.There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs.
B.There is no challenge too big to overcome.
C.There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.
D.There is no single solution to the complex problem.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段Due in part by protections under the ESA, many species have been brought back from the edge of extinction.可知,在ESA的努力下,很多物種從被滅絕的邊緣拯救回來,因此ESA在動(dòng)植物保護(hù)方面取得了成就。
2.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段Without the existence of suitable habitat, a species will eventually face extinction.可知,生存環(huán)境對(duì)物種的延續(xù)至關(guān)重要。
3.答案：A
解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“The introduction of invasive species from far away continents introduced by humans can bring havoc to native plant and animal species.(人類從遇遠(yuǎn)的大陸引入入侵物種，會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)氐闹参锖蛣?dòng)物物種帶來havoc.)”可知，這里是說引入入侵物種會(huì)給動(dòng)植物帶來災(zāi)害。故選A項(xiàng)。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意題。文章前半部分講述了The Endangered Species Act在野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)方面所取得的效果,文章最后一段講述野生動(dòng)植物所面臨的威脅,因此C項(xiàng)最能概括全文。
二、
5.答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.(當(dāng)事情看起來困難時(shí),努力工作的昆蟲可以改變它們的行為,現(xiàn)在一些科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)表明它們也喜歡玩耍。)可知關(guān)于蜜蜂的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是它們喜歡玩樂。故選A。
6.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.(在這種情況下,為了擺脫外部因素,科學(xué)家們確保蜜蜂已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了他們的新家,并且他們的環(huán)境沒有壓力)可推知,為了消除外部因素,他們讓蜜蜂適應(yīng)新家,讓他們有了家的感覺,從而對(duì)環(huán)境感覺不到壓力。A.By teaching bees new tricks.通過教蜜蜂新技巧;B.By rewarding bees with food.用食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)蜜蜂;C.By making bees feel at home.讓蜜蜂有家的感覺;D.By building new homes for bees.為蜜蜂建造新的家園。故選C。
7.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Lars Chittka說的話This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳動(dòng)物)and birds(這項(xiàng)研究有力地表明,昆蟲的思維遠(yuǎn)比我們想象的復(fù)雜。有很多動(dòng)物只是為了享樂而玩耍,但大多數(shù)例子來自于年輕的哺乳動(dòng)物和鳥類)可知,Lars Chittka的話表明了昆蟲的思維非常復(fù)雜。故選B。
8.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Samadi Galpay所說的話This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)我們理解昆蟲的感覺和福利產(chǎn)生了影響,從而鼓勵(lì)我們更加尊重和保護(hù)地球上的野生動(dòng)物)可知,該研究結(jié)果有助于保護(hù)地球上的野生動(dòng)物。因此D. It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.(它有助于保護(hù)地球上的野生動(dòng)物。)符合題意。故選D。
三、
9.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段提到我們的星球的物種正以驚人的速度消失?！癏owever, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature.然而兩個(gè)歐洲設(shè)計(jì)師,Rene Hougaard及Alexander Qual相信有辦法鼓勵(lì)城市與自然共存?！笨芍@兩個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師建造“昆蟲旅館”是為了使城市恢復(fù)生物多樣性。故選B。
10.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness. Qual和Hougaard牢記在所有的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)中,他們運(yùn)用了有序與凌亂的理念”可知他們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)中考慮的是將有序與無序進(jìn)行了結(jié)合。故選D。
11.答案：A
解析：猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)第四段“While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria breakdown the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.” decay在前一句中有解釋,意為“腐爛”,在這里“while”意為盡管,與該句主句部分形成對(duì)比關(guān)系,Hougaard設(shè)想一個(gè)人們能坐下來觀察細(xì)菌分解木頭,給昆蟲、鳥類及其他動(dòng)物的緩慢過程,因此“shun”的應(yīng)該為“躲避,遠(yuǎn)離”之義。故選A。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.如果我們想要保持生物多樣性,人類就要更加習(xí)慣與野生物種一起共存,而不是認(rèn)為有必要破壞他。畢竟人類要依賴自然來生存”可知,人類為了自身的利益也應(yīng)該保護(hù)野生物種。故選C。
四、
13.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Pangolins, or scaly ant-eaters as they are otherwise known, are unique species found in Asia and Africa. When they feel threatened they roll up into a tight ball with only their scales exposed.(穿山甲,或稱有鱗食蟻動(dòng)物,是在亞洲和非洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的獨(dú)特物種。當(dāng)它們感到受到威脅時(shí),它們會(huì)蜷縮成一個(gè)緊密的球,只露出鱗片)”可知,穿山甲之所以獨(dú)特,是因?yàn)樵谟龅酵{時(shí)它們可用鱗保護(hù)自己。故選B項(xiàng)。
14.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“But much of the illegal trade in pangolins involves their scales, which are thought to fight illnesses.(但穿山甲的非法貿(mào)易大多涉及它們的鱗片,人們認(rèn)為它們可以對(duì)抗疾病)”可知,之所以有大量穿山甲非法貿(mào)易,主要是由于其鱗片的藥用價(jià)值。故選C項(xiàng)。
15.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“They take care of their wounds, feed them and bring them back to health.(他們照顧它們的傷口,喂養(yǎng)它們,讓它們恢復(fù)健康)”以及第六段第一句“The group is not just treating pangolins.(該組織不僅僅是在治療穿山甲)”可知,該組織主要工作是照顧穿山甲的傷口,喂養(yǎng)它們,讓他們恢復(fù)健康,除此之外,也做一些別的工作。故選D項(xiàng)。
16.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句"If this trend continues, there is a very likely extinction event for all species of the pangolin," Wright noted.(Wright指出: "如果這種趨勢(shì)持續(xù)下去,所有種類的穿山甲都很可能滅絕。")可知,Wright主要擔(dān)憂的就是穿山甲的滅絕。故選B項(xiàng)。
五、
17.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator(傳粉者) gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.(如今,蜜蜂保護(hù)在美國(guó)是一個(gè)大問題,人們種植本地傳粉昆蟲園,建立養(yǎng)蜂場(chǎng),并參加科學(xué)活動(dòng)來監(jiān)測(cè)當(dāng)?shù)孛鄯浞N群。這是有充分理由的,在北美,四分之一的本土蜜蜂物種面臨滅絕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。蜜蜂為我們?nèi)?5%的食物供應(yīng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)所依賴的許多野生植物授粉。)可知,在美國(guó),人們對(duì)蜜蜂保護(hù)問題越來越重視,采用了各種方法來為蜜峰打造一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境,這是No Mow May運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)得以擴(kuò)展的背景信息。故選B。
18.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial spring–time by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn(草坪) grow for the month of May.(它的受歡迎之處在于它很簡(jiǎn)單:只需在關(guān)鍵的春天幫助蜜蜂,從你的清單中刪除一件家務(wù),讓你的草坪在五月生長(zhǎng)。)可知,No Mow May運(yùn)動(dòng)旨在讓草坪生長(zhǎng),人們只需要在五月期間不進(jìn)行修剪草坪的活動(dòng)即可。由此推知,這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎不用任何費(fèi)用。故選A。
19.答案：C
解析：詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.(包括本地物種在內(nèi)的其他植物也可能出現(xiàn)在你的草坪上。)可知,劃線詞所在部分表達(dá)的意思是"雖然蒲公英是No Mow May運(yùn)動(dòng)擴(kuò)展后常見的花",由此推斷,劃線部分意為“典型例子”。A.Slight element.輕微因素;B.Rare exception.罕見的例外;C.Typical example.有代表性的例子;D.Difficult problem.難題。劃線詞與C項(xiàng)詞義接近,故選C。
20.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial spring-time by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn(草坪) grow for the month of May.(它的受歡迎之處在于它很簡(jiǎn)單:只需在關(guān)鍵的春天幫助蜜蜂,從你的清單中刪除一件家務(wù),讓你的草坪在五月生長(zhǎng)。)及最后一段第二句Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers.(大多數(shù)美國(guó)人可能小時(shí)候喜歡蒲公英,但成年后往往討厭蒲公英,因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的草坪文化不允許開花。)可知,在美國(guó),修剪草坪是一項(xiàng)常見的家務(wù)活動(dòng),美國(guó)的草坪文化是不會(huì)放任草坪上有花的。由此判斷,一塊定期修剪的草坪才是符合美國(guó)草坪文化的。故選B。
六、
21.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段When this is replaced by a palm oil plantation or soy fields, the specialist species die off, leaving generalists such as rats and mosquitoes to thrive and spread pathogens across human and non-human habitats. The net result is a loss of natural disease regulation.可知,物種多樣化的下降會(huì)破壞大自然對(duì)疾病的管控。
22.答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Over the period of study from 1990 to 2016, this covered 3,884 outbreaks of 116 diseases that crossed the species barrier and 1,996 outbreaks of 69 vector-borne infectious diseases, mostly carried by mosquitoes, ticks or flies.可知,研究人員是通過分析數(shù)據(jù)的方式得出研究結(jié)論的。
23.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Morand, lead-author of the study, said his study showed... because we have seen with COVID-19 how quickly diseases can spread.可知,Morand是在給出建議。
24.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段With more information, he believes it may be possible to predict future outbreaks and to work with local communities to build ecologically diverse and economically productive landscapes that reduce the risks.可知,最后一段講述了Morand對(duì)未來研究的期許。
七、
25.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段The Marselisborg Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWTP) in Aarhus has undergone improvements that mean it can now produce more than 150 percent of the electricity needed to run the plant. The extra power can be used to pump drinking water around the city.(奧胡斯的馬塞利堡污水處理廠(MWTP)經(jīng)過了改進(jìn),這意味著它現(xiàn)在可以生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行該廠所需電力的150%以上。額外的電力可以用來在城市周圍抽取飲用水。)可知,奧胡斯的污水處理廠可以產(chǎn)生額外的電力。故選B。
26.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段When talking about copying Denmark's experience, Molly Walton, energy analyst at International Energy Agency, says, scientists and engineers would firstly have to improve energy efficiency; and it requires an enormous amount of money that could considerably increase the price of the water. Moreover, to work, the wastewater plant needs to be big enough to produce enough biogas, and even the wastewater has to be the right-mix. If it's watered down by much storm or groundwater, it will be almost impossible to recover energy, Walton says.(國(guó)際能源署(International energy Agency)能源分析師莫莉·沃爾頓(Molly Walton)在談到復(fù)制丹麥的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)表示,科學(xué)家和工程師首先必須提高能源效率;這需要大量的資金,這可能會(huì)大大提高水的價(jià)格。此外,廢水處理廠需要足夠大,才能產(chǎn)生足夠的沼氣,甚至廢水也必須是正確的混合物。沃爾頓說,如果它被暴雨或地下水淹沒,幾乎不可能恢復(fù)能源。)可知,馬塞利堡污水處理廠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)很難復(fù)制是因?yàn)樗枰量痰臈l件。故選D。
27.答案：A
解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段When talking about copying Denmark's experience, Molly Walton, energy analyst at International Energy Agency, says, scientists and engineers would firstly have to improve energy efficiency; and it requires an enormous amount of money that could considerably increase the price of the water. Moreover, to work, the wastewater plant needs to be big enough to produce enough biogas, and even the wastewater has to be the right-mix. If it's watered down by much storm or groundwater, it will be almost impossible to recover energy, Walton says.(國(guó)際能源署(International energy Agency)能源分析師莫莉·沃爾頓(Molly Walton)在談到復(fù)制丹麥的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)表示,科學(xué)家和工程師首先必須提高能源效率;這需要大量的資金,這可能會(huì)大大提高水的價(jià)格。此外,廢水處理廠需要足夠大,才能產(chǎn)生足夠的沼氣,甚至廢水也必須是正確的混合物。沃爾頓說,如果它被暴雨或地下水淹沒,幾乎不可能恢復(fù)能源。)可推知,莫莉·沃爾頓認(rèn)為要復(fù)制丹麥的做法很困難,對(duì)其持懷疑的態(tài)度。A.Doubtful.懷疑的;B.Negative.否定的;C.Uninterested.沒有興趣的;D.Positive.積極的。故選A。
28.答案：C
解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段A city in Denmark is about to become the first in the world to provide most of its citizens with fresh water using only the energy created from household wastewater.(丹麥的一座城市即將成為世界上第一個(gè)僅使用家庭廢水產(chǎn)生的能源為大多數(shù)居民提供淡水的城市。)和第二段The Marselisborg Wastewater Treatment Plant(MWTP) in Aarhus has undergone improvements that mean it can now produce more than 150 percent of the electricity needed to run the plant. The extra power can be used to pump drinking water around the city. As well as regularly powering the entire water system of 200,000 people living in the inner city area, any unwanted electricity could be sold into the local power network.(奧胡斯的馬塞利堡污水處理廠(MWTP)經(jīng)過了改進(jìn),這意味著它現(xiàn)在可以生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行該廠所需電力的150%以上。額外的電力可以用來在城市周圍抽取飲用水。除了定期為生活在市中心地區(qū)的20萬人的整個(gè)供水系統(tǒng)供電外,任何多余的電力都可能被出售到當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娋W(wǎng)中。)可知,這篇文章主要介紹丹麥奧胡斯的馬塞利堡污水處理廠將廢水轉(zhuǎn)化為能源的事情。因此C.A plant in Aarhus turns wastewater into energy.(奧胡斯的一家工廠將廢水轉(zhuǎn)化為能源。)是本文的主旨大意。故選C。
八、
29.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。由第二段“Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it. (地球經(jīng)常被小碎片所擾動(dòng),但它們通常在落地前很久就燒毀或碎裂了。然而,有時(shí)候,大到足以造成重大損害的東西會(huì)造成撞擊。大約6600萬年前,一次這樣的撞擊被認(rèn)為消滅了恐龍。總有一天,類似的東西會(huì)毀滅人類,除非我們能找到解決的辦法)”可知第二段主要介紹了地球可能會(huì)被太空其它物體(如小行星)撞擊而導(dǎo)致人類毀滅的后果,結(jié)合第一段“NASA will crash a spacecraft into an asteroid (小行星) to try to change its orbit, attempting to prevent humans going the same way as the dinosaurs.(美國(guó)宇航局將讓一艘航天器撞擊一顆小行星,試圖改變它的軌道,阻止人類毀滅)”可知,地球可能會(huì)被太空其它物體(如小行星)撞擊而導(dǎo)致人類毀滅的后果,所以美國(guó)宇航局試圖改變它的軌道,試圖阻止人類重蹈恐龍的覆轍。由此可推知,第二段的目的是解釋美國(guó)宇航局Dart任務(wù)的必要性。故選A項(xiàng)。
30.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet” asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos(Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.(重達(dá)610千克的Dart航天器計(jì)劃發(fā)射到目標(biāo)Didymos小行星,這是一對(duì)無害的小行星,被稱作Dimorphos的163米直徑的小行星,圍繞一個(gè)直徑更大、被稱為Didymos(希臘語“雙胞胎”)的780米小行星運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。計(jì)劃是在小行星系統(tǒng)離地球最近的地方—大約680萬英里外—讓航天器撞上Dimorphos)可知,小行星Dimorphos繞著小行星Didymos運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),此original orbit(原始軌道)更大；讓Dart航天器在小行星系統(tǒng)離地球最近的地方撞上Dimorphos,會(huì)產(chǎn)生new orbit(新的軌道)；結(jié)合圖形,C項(xiàng)圖形表明中間為小行星Didymos,較小的是小行星Dimorphos,二者有original orbit (原始軌道),航天器在小行星系統(tǒng)離地球最近的地方撞上小行星Dimorphos,產(chǎn)生new orbit(新的軌道)。故選C項(xiàng)。
31.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact to be relayed back to Earth.(在撞擊前大約10天,一顆名為L(zhǎng)iciaCube的小型衛(wèi)星將與主航天器分離,使撞擊圖像能夠傳回地球)”可知,LiciaCube的功能是將撞擊數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送回地球。故選C項(xiàng)。
32.答案：B
解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段劃線句前后“The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables. (問題是,沒有兩顆小行星或彗星是一樣的,你如何重新定向一顆小行星或彗星取決于很多變量)”和“What you need is a whole folder of different redirection methods for different types of targets(你需要的是一整套不同類型目標(biāo)的重新定向方法)”可知,重新定向一顆小行星或彗星取決于很多變量,需要一整套不同類型目標(biāo)的重新定向方法,所以解決方案并不是單一的,由此可知?jiǎng)澗€句意為“這個(gè)復(fù)雜的問題沒有單一的解決方案”。故選D項(xiàng)。

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷更多

相關(guān)試卷

相關(guān)試卷 更多

相關(guān)試卷更多