2023屆高考英語閱讀理解專練（1）科技類-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?（1）科技類

一、
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shooting clouds of smoke into the air while your new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbon emissions. This dream may soon be a reality. A team of students in the Netherlands has created an electric car that not only doesn’t produce carbon dioxide when driving, but actually pulls it out of the air.
The two-seater sports car was designed and built in less than a year by a team of 32 students at Eindhoven University of Technology. Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives. The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That’s not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time. However, they also point out that there are over a billion passenger cars in the world that could be using this technology. And if a billion cars were removing carbon dioxide instead of producing it, the result would be huge.
ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car’s frame and panels (面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM’s battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car’s roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn’t on the road.
According to the statistics, transportation was responsible for over 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2020—and of those emissions, cars were responsible for 41%. The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers (生產(chǎn)商) are expected to adopt these innovations, too.
1.What is special about ZEM?
A. It can end the world’s CO2 release.
B. It can raise the truck’s CO2 emissions.
C. It can reduce the level of CO2 in the air.
D. It can absorb dirty air as well as CO.
2.Why does the team run the calculation of ZEM in paragraph 2?
A. To demonstrate a wonderful vision of ZEM cars.
B. To explain how ZEM removes CO2 as trees do.
C. To illustrate the ongoing change in car making.
D. To show the influence of ZEM on the car market.
3.What do we know about all the components of ZEM?
A. They are of high quality. B. They are easy to process.
C. They are convenient to print. D. They are environmentally friendly.
4.What does the Eindhoven team hope to achieve in the future?
A. Sharp decline in fuel consumption.
B. Mass production of ZEM cars.
C. Big success in beating other car makers.
D. Dramatic changes in transportation.
二、
The next time San Francisco residents stop a taxi, they may step into a car with no one behind the wheel. Driverless taxis are now allowed to come on the city's streets. On June 2, 2022, Cruise, a division of General Motors (GM), was approved to charge for rides in its self-driving cars, becoming the first company allowed to operate commercial driverless cars in a major US city.
Though Cruise is regarding it as a big win, its self-driving cars aren't totally free to run on the streets of San Francisco as they please. Cruise vehicles will be limited to transporting passengers in less crowded areas of the city between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. The speed limit is 30 mph. They are also not allowed to operate in heavy rain or fog. The rules are meant to reduce any injuries or accidents.
Cruise plans to launch the service gradually with a team of just 30 cars. The first robotaxis will be improved versions of GM's Chevrolet Bolt. However, the company is seeking approval to get its custom-built Cruise Origin on public roads. The driverless electric vehicle has no wheels or pedals(踏板) and can attain highway speeds. The car consists mostly of a sitting space, where passengers can face each other.
Cruise's ability to obtain the commercial permit to operate is a big step forward. However, the company still has to convince passengers that its technology is safe. Many remain concerned about safety. A 2021 survey by the American Automobile Association found that 74 percent of Americans are afraid to ride in a self-driving vehicle.
It remains to be seen how the new driverless taxi experiment will play out in San Francisco. But based on the vast number of companies that are racing to develop self-driving vehicles and the tens of thousands of people on waitlists for robotaxi rides, the Cruise pioneering program is at least set for popularity, if not success.
5.What can we learn about the Cruise's driverless ride services?
A. The services have turned out to be a great success.
B. The services receive great support from the public.
C. The services have run in some major cities of the USA.
D. The services are limited to some regions of San Francisco.
6.What does the author describe in detail in paragraph 3?
A. The feature of Cruise Origin. B. The future of self-driving cars.
C.The original plan of the company. D. The new version of Chevrolet Bolt.
7.What is the attitude of most Americans towards the self-driving taxis?
A. Doubtful. B. Opposed. C.Favourable. D.Unconcerned.
8.What can be the best title of the text?
A. Cruise Offers Free Self-driving Ride Services
B. Self-driving Cars Are Coming to San Francisco
C. Self-driving Vehicles Are Popular in Major Cities
D. Companies Begin to Charge for Rides in Self-driving Cars
三、
Among thousands of emperor penguins in Atka Bay, a yellow robot named ECHO swiftly creeps over the Antarctic environment and patiently observes the birds.
Since 2017, ECHO has collected tracking data from microchips taped to the penguins' feathers. "We all know that the world is changing, and that change will have dramatic effects on biodiversity and ecosystems, especially in very remote areas, like Antarctica," says Daniel Zitterbart, a researcher at the Marine Animal Remote Sensing Lab to Popular Science. "To understand if that's true or not, we need to start monitoring those systems very closely now."
Scientists must physically capture and tag(加標(biāo)簽) each bird on their backs to track penguins. Each tag is a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) system that works in a similar way to the microID chips fixed on pets' backs. But to gather data on the chips, scientists have to get close enough to the devices to scan them, and the weather may be too harsh for humans to go out in the field.
ECHO gets rid of these issues by acting as a mobile observatory that can monitor thousands of penguins each year. The robot can easily roll up to the penguins and scan the tags without introducing a harmful human footprint in an already vulnerable ecosystem or affecting the colony. The robot is equipped with LIDAR, or light detection and ranging, and a 360-degree camera that can detect penguins on vast areas and uses an antenna(天線) to read each penguin's chip.
"As a human, you cannot walk around and try to scan 15,000 or 24,000 penguins each year, and it's impossible," Zitterbart tells Popular Science. "The amount of data we can gather through ECHO is something we would never be able to achieve with any other method in this place."
Researchers say the penguins do not seem to be afraid of ECHO and don't mind it when it comes near. By tracking the colonies' behaviors over time, researchers can observe how penguins adapt and follow where they go to forage(覓食).In turn, these data points can also determine the true size of marine protected areas.
9.What does Daniel Zitterbart stress in paragraph 2?
A. The working principle of ECHO. B.The biodiversity in the Antarctic.
C. The possible effects of climate change. D.The necessity of ECHO in his research.
10.What's one advantage of using ECHO?
A. It leaves behind no harmful traces. B. It tags the penguins automatically.
C. It analyzes collected data on its own. D. It's able to scan the tags in the distance.
11.How do the emperor penguins react to ECH0?
A.They care little about it. B. They are frightened by it.
C.They show much interest in it. D. They choose to stay away from it.
12.What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Robots assist researchers in the Antarctic.
B.Robot lives among penguins in the Antarctic.
C. Antarctica could lose most of its penguins.
D. Antarctic penguins adapt to climate change.
四、
Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology, it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans absorb atmospheric heat and CO2 in a natural process that adjusts climate change. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth's atmosphere by human—caused greenhouse gases. Swot will scan(查看) the seas and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations(高度) around smaller currents and eddies(漩渦), where much of the oceans' decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. "Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it," said Nadya Shiffer, Swot's program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one—dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation(外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
"Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it's giving us a map of elevations, and that's just a total game changer," said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
13.What do the underlined words "vital resource" in the first paragraph refer to?
A. Technology. B. Climate. C. Oceans. D. Water.
14.What is the major mission of Swot satellite?
A. To explore where oceans absorb heat and CO2.
B. To explain why greenhouse gas comes into being.
C. To identify when global warming is worsened.
D. To study how oceans influence climate change.
15.What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely?
A. The high-definition computer. B. Advanced radar technology.
C. The three-dimensional image. D. An accurate map of elevations.
16.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. First Global. Water Survey from Space B. Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
C. A Breakthrough in Space Travel D. A Solution to Climate Change
五、
The Legacy Senior Communities is proud to announce the latest innovation in senior living care is coming to its Dallas and Plano campuses, the TrueLoo? smart toilet by Toi Labs. “We're consistently exploring new technologies to ensure that we are providing excellent care in the most effective and efficient ways,” says Legacy Senior Communities CEO Melissa Orth.
“The TrueLoo? smart toilet provides early detection of oncoming health complications before they become serious, and all in a dignnified and valuable manner. This improves our care response and can potentially avoid a potential health complication altogether,” says Orth. “The innovative toilet automates data collection and enables clinical team members to keep track of the residents around the clock without uncomfortable conversations with them about their toileting habits. Investing in TrueLoo? technology enables a higher standard of care with dignity,” says Vik Kashyap, Toi Labs' founder and CEO.
In assisted living and memory support residences, where toileting activity is harder to collect, the TrueLoo? smart toilet provides effortless collection, enhancing current services as well as residents' experience. The Legacy Senior Communities begins testing the units in early March. The pilot program will launch in Memory Support at the Kalman and Ida Wolens Foundation Healthcare Center at the Willow Bend community and at the Midtown Park community's Andrea &Richard Skibell and Leslie Rudd Healthcare Center. The communities will continue manual monitoring to establish a control group during this trial period. The resulting data will enable The Legacy to benchmark the ability of the smart toilet.
“We decided to trial the smart toilet in two different service areas,” said Director of Strategic Development Bridgette Walshe. “We want to ensure that this technology is non-invasive(非侵入性的) while providing accurate and relevant data.” Walshe believes that artificial intelligence is one potential means to cost-effectively improve senior care services, freeing up valuable time for clinical team members to provide more person-centric care.
17.How can the TrueLoo? smart toilet benefit seniors?
A. By improving their toileting habits.
B. By identifying their potential health issues.
C. By calling clinical team members for them at any time.
D. By informing care workers of their desire to use a toilet.
18.What can best conclude Kashyap's words about his company's product?
A. It is quality-centered. B. It is safety-guaranteed.
C. It is privacy-ensured. D. It is comfort-focused.
19.What does the underlined word “benchmark” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Measure. B. Recognize. C. Demonstrate. D. Improve.
20.What is Walshe's attitude to the toilet?
A. Hopeful. B. Critical. C. Tolerant. D. Contradictory.
六、
Brain implants can translate internal speech into external signals, permitting communication from people with paralysis(癱瘓) or other diseases that steal their ability to talk or type. New results from two studies, presented November 13 at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, "provide additional evidence of the extraordinary potential" that brain implants have for restoring lost communication, says neuroscientist Leigh Hochberg.
Some people who need help communicating can currently use devices that require small movements, such as eye gaze changes. Those tasks aren't possible for everyone. So the new study targeted internal speech, which requires a person to do nothing more than think.
"Implanted in the brain, our device predicts internal speech directly, allowing the patient to just focus on saying a word inside their head," says Sarah Wandelt, a neuroscientist at Caltech. Internal speech "could be much simpler than requiring the patient to spell out words or mouth them." Neural signals associated with words are detected by electrodes(電極) implanted in the brain. The signals can then be translated into text, which can be made audible by computer programs that generate speech.
In the study, Wandelt and fellow workers could accurately predict which of eight words a person who was paralyzed below the neck was thinking. Electrodes picked up nerve cell signals in his posterior parietal cortex, a brain area involved in speech and hand movements. That approach is "really exciting, and enhances the power of bringing together fundamental neuroscience, neuroengineering and machine learning approaches for the restoration of communication and mobility," says Hochberg.
To be useful, the current techniques will need to get faster and more accurate. It's also unclear whether the technology will work for other people, perhaps with more profound speech disorders. "These are still early days for the technologies," Hochberg says.
21.What can be learned about the study in the text?
A. It transforms small movements into text.
B. It encourages the patient to mouth words.
C. It helps the disabled to recover their speech.
D. It focuses on translating thoughts into speech.
22.Which can replace the underlined word "audible" in paragraph 3?
A. Touchable. B. Visible. C.Hearable. D. Countable.
23.Which is the right order of the working processing of the new technology?
①Translate into text.
②Pick up nerve cell signals.
③Speak words inside the head.
④Implant electrodes in the brain.
⑤Generate speech via computer programs.
A.④②①③⑤ B.④③②①⑤ C.②④①⑤③ D.②③①⑤④
24.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. A New Way to Cure Paralysis
B. A Breakthrough in Neuroscience
C. Read Words Directly from People's Thoughts
D. Brain Implants Benefit Profound Speech Disorder
七、
??? Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties, according to a new study.
??? Teachers make more accurate assessments of learning difficulties among their students if they are given Al-generated feedback(反饋) rather than an "expert solution" written by a qualified professional. Researchers believe that because the AI analyzed the teacher's own work, it's easier for the teacher to understand than a "model answer" prepared beforehand.
??? "Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists," said Riikka Hofmann. "Unfortunately, many of them feel that they have not had sufficient opportunity to practice these skills. AI could provide an extra level of individualized feedback to help them develop these essential competences."
??? Trainee teachers were asked to assess fictionalized students for potential learning difficulties, based on evidence including examples of their work, school behavior records and written texts of conversations with parents. Half of the trainees received the "expert solution", typical of the material given to trainee teachers, while the other half received AI-generated feedback on their approach, highlighting where they could improve. The trainees then completed similar follow-up assessments, and were graded both on the accuracy of their diagnoses(診斷) and on how well they had used the evidence. Trainees who received the AI feedback scored significantly higher than those who worked with the pre-written expert solutions.
??? While the researchers said this does not mean AI is preferable to one-to-one feedback from a skilled expert, this is not always available for trainee teachers. "We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher-educators: new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place," said Dr Michael Sailer. "It does seem, however, that Al-generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn. When personal feedback is not readily available, it could be an effective substitute(代替物)."
25.What does the underlined word "them" refer to?
A. Pupils. B. Teachers. C. Specialists. D. Researchers.
26.What did AI help trainee teachers know in the study?
A. How well they had used the evidence.
B. Whether the expert solution was accurate.
C. Where their approach needs improvement.
D. What follow-up assessments they completed.
27.What does Dr Michael think of AI?
A. It will take the place of skilled experts.
B. It acts as an expert guide to trainee teachers.
C. It is only suitable for new teachers to use.
D. It can be a useful teaching training aid.
28.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. AI locates learning difficulties for the students
B. AI becomes an effective teaching tool in school
C. AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties
D. AI trains teachers in judging the learning of the students
八、
The loss of a pet can be extremely tough to handle. If only our furry friends could live as we do, that would be nice. While science can't get quite that far yet, there is a way to get an exact copy of the pet you love so much.
A family in Arizona is one of the latest in the country to get another chance to be with their beloved dog, Sally. They love her so much that they decided to clone her. "She is really the perfect dog," said Sally's owner. "We thought if we're ever going to clone a dog, it would be Sally." The family turned to ViaGen Pets, who calls themselves "America's pet cloning experts", for help.
Melain Rodriguez, a client service manager at ViaGen Pets, said once the cells of the pet were frozen, clients could take their time and decide when they were ready to go ahead. "They can clone 5, 10 or 20 years from now if they want," said Rodriguez. "We have actually cloned a few pets whose cells were stored 17 years ago."
The company firstly started cloning livestock(牲畜) for agriculture, then got expertise in cloning horses. Today, horses and dogs remain the most popular animals that the company clones. The only other animals they clone right now are cats. Prices range from US$85,000 for a horse, to US$50,000 for a dog and US$35,000 for a cat.
Rodriguez herself was the proud owner of a cloned cat. She also had her dog Zeus's cells frozen, but was not ready to clone him yet. Like many others, Rodriguez hoped to go ahead once prices went down.
Company officials say many are choosing to simply preserve cell samples of their pets right now and deciding whether or not to clone them in the future, when prices could fall. The process (preserving samples) costs about US$1,600.
29.What animals have been cloned by ViaGen Pets?
①Cats. ②Horses. ③Rabbits. ④Dogs. ⑤Sheep.
A.①②④ B.②③⑤ C.③④⑤ D.②③④
30.What does the text tell us about ViaGen Pets?
A.Cats are the most popular animals that it clones.
B. At first it began cloning animals for agriculture.
C. It will clone Rodriguez's dog in a short time.
D.It is supposed to clone Sally in 5 years.
31.What did Rodriguez and many other pet owners wish ViaGen Pets to do?
A. Employ more experts for cloning. B.Open branches across the country.
C.Clone more kinds of wild animals. D. Lower the price of cloning.
32.Where can you most probably find the text?
A. In a science book. B. In a travel brochure.
C. In a fashion magazine. D. In a newspaper on health issues.

答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Called “ZEM”, which stands for “zero emission mobility”, the car is equipped with special devices that remove carbon dioxide from the air as it drives.(這種汽車被稱為“ZEM”,意思是“零排放機動性”,它配備了特殊裝置,在行駛過程中可以去除空氣中的二氧化碳。)可知,ZEM的特殊之處在于它能降低空氣中的二氧化碳含量。故選C。
2.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二中“The team says if ZEM is driven about 32,000 kilometers, it can remove 2 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the air. That's not a huge amount. The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars on the road for a year would remove as much carbon dioxide as a typical tree does during that time.(研究小組說,如果ZEM行駛約32000公里,它可以從空氣中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。這不是很多。研究小組計算出,10輛ZEM汽車在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相當(dāng)于一棵普通樹一年吸收二氧化碳的量。)”可推知,研究團隊在第二段計算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是為了表明對ZEM汽車的美好憧憬,故選A。
3.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ZEM also has several other innovations that help to make it more capable of being sustained: the car's frame and panels(面板) are 3D printed to reduce waste; it was built using recycled and recyclable materials; and it can be easily taken apart so that many of its parts can be reused. ZEM's battery is also reusable, and has another handy feature: it can be charged with solar panels on the car's roof—and can even be used to provide power to your house when the car isn't on the road.(ZEM還有其他一些創(chuàng)新,有助于使其更具可持續(xù)性:汽車的車架和面板是3D打印的,以減少浪費;它使用可循環(huán)回收利用的材料制造;它可以很容易地拆卸,其中許多部件可以重復(fù)使用。ZEM的電池也是可重復(fù)使用的,而且還有一個方便的特點:它可以用車頂上的太陽能電池板充電,甚至可以在汽車不在路上的時候為你的房子提供電力。)”可知,ZEM的所有零部件都是環(huán)保的,故選D。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The Eindhoven team says its goal is to challenge the electric car industry: If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year, then surely car manufacturers(生產(chǎn)商)are expected to adopt these innovations, too.(Eindhoven的研究小組表示,他們的目標(biāo)是挑戰(zhàn)電動汽車行業(yè):如果32名學(xué)生能在不到一年的時間里制造出這樣一輛汽車,那么汽車制造商肯定也會采用這些創(chuàng)新。)”可知,Eindhoven團隊的目標(biāo)是挑戰(zhàn)電動汽車行業(yè),由此可推知,Eindhoven希望在未來實現(xiàn)ZEM汽車的大量生產(chǎn),故選B。
二、
5.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Cruise, a division of General Motors (GM), was approved to charge for rides in its self-driving cars, becoming the first company allowed to operate commercial driverless cars in a major US city和第二段Cruise vehicles will be limited to transporting passengers in less crowded areas of the city between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m.可知, Cruise公司的車輛將僅限于晚上10點至早上6點之間在城市較不擁擠的地區(qū)運送乘客。故選D。
6.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段However, the company is seeking approval to get its custom-built Cruise Origin on public roads. The driverless electric vehicle has no wheels or pedals(踏板) and can attain highway speeds. The car consists mostly of a sitting space, where passengers can face each other.然而, 該公司正在尋求批準(zhǔn)在公共道路上獲得其定制的Cruise Origin; 自動駕駛電動汽車沒有方向盤或踏板, 可以達到高速公路的速度; 該車寬敞的內(nèi)部配備了面對面的座椅。由此推斷, 該段詳細(xì)介紹了Cruise Origin車輛的特點。故選A。
7.答案：A
解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段Many remain concerned about safety. A 2021 survey by the American Automobile Association found that 74 percent of Americans are afraid to ride in a self-driving vehicle.可知, 很多人擔(dān)心安全問題。美國汽車協(xié)會2021年的一項調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn), 74%的美國人害怕乘坐自動駕駛汽車。由此推斷, 多數(shù)美國人對自動駕駛出租車持懷疑態(tài)度。故選A。
8.答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。文章首段主要介紹Cruise獲準(zhǔn)在美國舊金山部分地區(qū)運營商用無人駕駛汽車;下文介紹運營服務(wù)的一些限制、規(guī)模特點、乘客態(tài)度及發(fā)展。由此推斷,“自動駕駛汽車即將來到舊金山”符合文章中心標(biāo)題。故選B。
三、
9.答案：D
解析：根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,Zitterbart主要強調(diào)了在其團隊所進行的研究中,使用機器人ECHO在南極遙遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)監(jiān)測氣候變化對生態(tài)造成的影響的必要性。
10.答案：A
解析：根據(jù)第四段中的“scan the tags without introducing a harmful human footprint in an already vulnerable ecosystem or affecting the colony”可知,機器人ECHO的一個優(yōu)勢就是它不會在南極的研究區(qū)域留下人類的活動痕跡,不會對那里脆弱的生態(tài)造成危害。
11.答案：A
解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的“the penguins do not seem to be afraid of ECHO and don't mind it when it comes near”可知,那些南極帝企鵝對機器人ECHO的到來既不恐懼,也不在意。
12.答案：B
解析：本文主要講述研究人員利用機器人,和企鵝們和諧共處悄悄搜集南極帝企鵝的活動數(shù)據(jù)。
四、
13.答案：D
解析：題干:第一段中劃線的詞組“vital resource(重要的資源)”指的是什么?A技術(shù)。B.氣候。C海洋。D水。根據(jù)劃線短語下文"By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It's really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet's surface.(通過使用先進的微波雷達技術(shù),它將收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。這真的是第一次觀察到地球表面幾乎所有的水。)”和劃線短語所在句子"Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth's vital resource.(Swot衛(wèi)星計劃于周四上午發(fā)射,對地球的vital resource進行全面調(diào)查。)"可知,Swot衛(wèi)星通過使用先進的微波雷達技術(shù),收集全球90%以上的海洋、湖泊和河流的高清晰度表面測量數(shù)據(jù)。然后對這些水資源進行調(diào)查,由此可推知,畫線短語"vital resource"指的是下文提到的"water(水)"。故選D。
14.答案：D
解析：題干:Swot衛(wèi)星的主要任務(wù)是什么?A.探究溫室氣體的影響。B.解釋全球變暖的后果。C.確定水吸收熱量和二氧化碳的原因。D.研究海洋影響氣候的機制。根據(jù)第二段中第一句“The major mission is to explore how oceans adjust climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process.(其主要任務(wù)是探索海洋如何通過自然過程吸收大氣熱量和二氧化碳來調(diào)節(jié)氣候變化。)”可知,Swot衛(wèi)星的主要任務(wù)研究海洋如何影響氣候變化,即海洋影響氣候的機制。故選D。
15.答案：B
解析：題干:是什么使Swot能夠精確測量?A.高清電腦。B.先進的雷達技術(shù)。C.三維圖像。D.精確的高程地圖。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中倒數(shù)第一二句"Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.(多虧了雷達儀器,Swot可以在地球的大范圍內(nèi)掃描云層和黑暗。這使得科學(xué)家能夠精確地繪制二維地圖,無論天氣如何,無論何時,覆蓋大面積地理區(qū)域的速度比以前快得多。)"可知,先進的雷達技術(shù)使得Swot能夠精確測量。故選B。
16.答案：A
解析：略
五、
17.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“The TrueLoo? smart toilet provides early detection of oncoming health complications before they become serious, and all in a dignnified and valuable manner.(TrueLoo?智能馬桶能夠在健康并發(fā)癥變得嚴(yán)重之前,以一種有尊嚴(yán)和有價值的方式對其進行早期檢測)”可知,TrueLoo?智能馬桶通過識別老年人潛在的健康問題而使他們獲益。故選B。
18.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Kashyap說的話“The innovative toilet automates data collection and enables clinical team members to keep track of the residents around the clock without uncomfortable conversations with them about their toileting habits. Investing in TrueLoo? technology enables a higher standard of care with dignity(這種創(chuàng)新廁所可以自動收集數(shù)據(jù),使臨床團隊成員能夠全天候跟蹤患者的情況,而不必就他們的如廁習(xí)慣與他們進行令人不適的對話。投資TrueLoo?技術(shù)可以實現(xiàn)更高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的有尊嚴(yán)的護理)”可知,TrueLoo?智能馬桶可以自動收集數(shù)據(jù),所以患者不必報告自己的如廁情況,所以它可以確?；颊唠[私。故選C。
19.答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句“The communities will continue manual monitoring to establish a control group during this trial period.(在試驗期間,社區(qū)將繼續(xù)進行人工監(jiān)測,以建立一個對照組)”可知,社區(qū)將繼續(xù)進行人工監(jiān)測得出數(shù)據(jù),以建立一個對照組,對照結(jié)果能夠衡量智能馬桶的性能,所以畫線詞所在句意為“由此產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)讓The Legacy老年社區(qū)能夠衡量智能馬桶的能力”,benchmark意為“測量,衡量”。故選A。
20.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Walshe believes that artificial intelligence is one potential means to cost-effectively improve senior care services, freeing up valuable time for clinical team members to provide more person-centric care.(Walshe認(rèn)為,人工智能是一種潛在的手段,可以有效地改善老年護理服務(wù),為臨床團隊成員騰出寶貴的時間,提供更多以人為本的護理)”可知,Walshe對這種智能馬桶的未來充滿希望。故填A(yù)。
六、
21.答案：D
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段So the new study targeted internal speech, which requires a person to do nothing more than think.可知,通過此項新技術(shù),人們只需要通過大腦的思考就可實現(xiàn)交流,故選D。
22.答案：C
解析：詞義猜測題。由第三段最后一句話中that generate speech 可知,畫線詞意思為“聽得見”,故選C。
23.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段描述這項新技術(shù)的運作過程,即先將電極植入病人腦中,病人在腦中想象想要表達的詞,電極獲取神經(jīng)細(xì)胞發(fā)出的信號,再將此信號轉(zhuǎn)化為文本,最后由電腦程序翻譯為有聲語言實現(xiàn)交流目的,故選B。
24.答案：C
解析：文章標(biāo)題題。由全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了一項新的技術(shù),即通過大腦植入裝置直接讀取思想,故選C。
七、
25.答案：B
解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段前文Teachers play a critical role in recognizing the signs of disorders and learning difficulties in pupils and referring them to specialists(教師在識別學(xué)生的障礙和學(xué)習(xí)困難跡象并將其轉(zhuǎn)介給專家方面發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用)可知,them指的是這里的老師。故選B項。
26.答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段Half of the trainees received the "expert solution", typical of the material given to trainee teachers, while the other half received AI-generated feedback on their approach, highlighting where they could improve.(一半的受訓(xùn)者收到了“專家解決方案”,這是發(fā)給實習(xí)教師的典型材料,而另一半則收到了人工智能生成的關(guān)于他們方法的反饋,強調(diào)了他們可以改進的地方)可知,人工智能在研究中幫助實習(xí)教師了解他們的方法需要改進的地方。故選C項。
27.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"We are not arguing that AI should replace teacher-educators: new teachers still need expert guidance on how to recognize learning difficulties in the first place," said Dr Michael Sailer. "It does seem, however, that Al-generated feedback helped these trainees to focus on what they really needed to learn. When personal feedback is not readily available, it could be an effective substitute(代替物)."(Michael Sailer博士說:"我們并不是說人工智能應(yīng)該取代教師教育者:新教師在如何首先認(rèn)識到學(xué)習(xí)困難方面仍然需要專家指導(dǎo)。" "然而,人工智能生成的反饋似乎確實幫助這些受訓(xùn)者專注于他們真正需要學(xué)習(xí)的東西。當(dāng)個人反饋不易獲得時,它可能是一種有效的替代品。")可知,人工智能對于老師來說是一個有用的教學(xué)培訓(xùn)輔助。故選D項。
28.答案：C
解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段Artificial intelligence helps teachers identify which of their students have learning difficulties, according to a new study.(根據(jù)一項新的研究,人工智能可以幫助教師識別哪些學(xué)生有學(xué)習(xí)困難)以及全文大意,文章主要講人工智能可以讓老師對學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)困難等問題有更好的了解,C. AI helps teachers spot students with learning difficulties"人工智能幫助教師發(fā)現(xiàn)有學(xué)習(xí)困難的學(xué)生"符合文意。故選C項。
八、
29.答案：A
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"The company firstly started cloning livestock(牲畜) for agriculture, then got expertise in cloning horses, Today, horses and dogs remain the most popular animals that the company clones. The only other animals they clone right now are cats"可知答案。
30.答案：B
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The company firstly started cloning livestock(牲畜) for agriculture”可知答案。
31.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段和最后一段中的“Company officials say many are choosing to simply preserve cell samples of their pets right now and deciding whether or not to clone in the future, when prices could fall”可知答案。
32.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文,如第一段中的“The loss of a pet can be extremely tough to handle. If only our furry friends could live as we do, that would be nice. While science can't get quite that far yet, there is away to get an exact copy of the pet you love so much”可知答案。

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