?（11） 人生感悟類

一、
You've heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However, we can have a different understanding about it.
When a person is starving, that's not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger—and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. "Let me tell you what I'd do in your position," a well-meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don't have the ability to think straight. Their nerves maybe shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person's situation?
Rushing to offer a struggling person long-term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you'll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson? Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the other person is open and receptive, or looking at the world through narrowed eyes? You can't just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don't say. The other is empathy(共情). The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
1.What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To illustrate a concept. B. To bring in a new viewpoint.
C. To introduce the background. D. To put up an example.
2.What does the underlined word "eradicating" mean in paragraph 2?
A. Getting rid of. B. Paying attention to.
C. Making up for. D.Putting up with.
3.What should we do first for those in disasters?
A. Get them to think straight. B. Enhance their confidence.
C.Satisfy their primary needs. D. Teach them a new skill.
4.Which does the author probably agree with according to the last paragraph?
A. Live and learn. B. Never teach a fish to swim.
C. Put yourself in others' shoes. D. Don't teach old dogs new tricks.
二、
Everyone needs it, but no one wants to ask for it. “Help” has become a sort of dirty word, implying weakness and neediness, that we can't handle our problems on our own. However, whether it is for your physical, mental or academic health, getting words of advice or encouragement from an outside-source can make all the difference.
During a time of such uncertainty, the frequency of people requesting help for anxiety and depression has increased. The current situation has made people realize that asking for help from professionals is the best way to get their problems off their chests and their minds on the road to wellness.
Still, requesting help carries a societal weight. The British Psychology Soeiety found that two types of stigmas(恥辱)exist: public stigma and self stigma. A “public stigma” is external, a collection of beliefs from around us, which holds a heavy weight on our ideas on seeking help. A “self-stigma” is internal, assigning ourselves labels based on our state of mental health, claiming we are worthless and undeserving of help. “Public” and “self” stigmas go hand in hand, and when we hear the stigmas being voiced by those around us, we tend to apply them to ourselves because of soc?al influences.
To be our better selves, we have to break the stigma around “help” and accept the fact that some problems are too ought to overcome on our own. If we fail elevant necessity of getting ourselves’ assistance in times of need. Despite what society may tell us, it’s not odd or wrong to get help—it's probably one of the most insightful and courageous things we can do for ourselves.
Each one of us should be able to openly admit that we need help. Sometimes we need support, and that isn't bad—it's healthy, and remarkably brave.
5.Why is “help” considered a dirty word?
A. It has bad impacts on our health.
B. It makes us confused by an outside source.
C. It prevents us from handling our problems.
D. It implies our inability to solve problems alone.
6.What can we know about two types of stigmas according to Paragraph 3?
A. We can't ignore the two stigmas.
B. Public stigma weighs over self stigma.
C. We are easily affected by public stigma.
D. The two stigmas are based on mental health.
7.What is the benefit of breaking the stigma around “help”?
A. Improving ourselves. B. Becoming more confident.
C. Overcoming problems by ourselves. D. Facing problems bravely.
8.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Help:A Dirty Word B. Help:Feel Free to Seek It
C. Help:A Way to Better Us D. Help:Keep a Distance from It
三、
A very dear friend has been experiencing numerous challenges these past few months. She mentioned how it sometimes felt like she was hanging on by a thread with no quick fix in sight.
It reminded me that the monarch caterpillar(毛蟲) that I cared for just changed into a butterfly that morning. After eating on milkweed leaves from our garden, the hungry caterpillar bund a comfortable spot at the top of the net butterfly enclosure and spun a silken thread to attach itself there. The caterpillar hung upside-down in a J shape for a day or so. Then, in less than a-few hours of struggling, the caterpillar was a beautiful green butterfly!
All the research I've done indicates that the change into a butterfly should take between 10-12 days. I can only imagine what is going on there, but I'm sure it's a huge struggle and reforming. Haven't we all been doing the same to some degree lately? These especially challenging times are presenting us with the unavoidable experiences needed for our inner selves to use as food for growth. Not easy? You bet! Worth it? Yes!
Many thanks to our local library tor the loan of the butterfly enclosure. They raised and released painted butterflies as part of their children's summer reading program this year. I had no idea that planting a few milkweed plants would lead to such a fascinating study of caterpillars and butterflies. The caterpillar has kept me mindfully occupied and fascinated during our recent COVID-19 self-isolation.
Hanging on by a thread as we transform, keep in mind the beautiful wings we are growing. We are all somewhere in the midst of that unbelievable process. Trust the process. Have faith. Know that you are becoming the most beautiful person that you can be.
9.What did the author's friend and the caterpillar have in common?
A. They lived comfortably. B. They suffered from hunger.
C. They experienced a hard situation. D. They were well cared by the author.
10.What does the author say about the struggle concerning us in paragraph 3?
A. It is necessary. B. It is dangerous. C. It is avoidable. D. It is meaningless.
11.What does the author mainly want to encourage us to do in the last paragraph?
A. Help friends in need timely. B. Learn from other creatures sincerely.
C. Join in children's experimental projects D. Face the hardships of life optimistically.
12.What is the best title for the text?
A. Life Is Hanging on by a Thread B. Reinvent Yourself as a Butterfly
C. Avoid Challenging Experiences D. We Are Fascinated by Butterflies
四、
One evening I washed and dried my hair. Then, as I combed it, my hair began to shed(掉落) by the handful. I remember sitting on the floor crying. I used to take pride in my hair.
I lost hair from all over my head, especially on the top where I had a huge bald spot. I was devastated, I called Tonya and told her what happened to my hair with tears. She showed up at my house soon and look me to the wig(假發(fā)) store. I purchased the first wig in my life.
Years went by and I kept up my routine of wearing wigs when it was cold and wearing my natural hair in the summer. Then, in September of 2020, I was looking for a wig, but I couldn’t find one that satisfied my taste.
That evening I told my husband about it and he looked at me, smiled and said, “I Baby, just wear your hair. I like your natural hair.”
That night I was on the phone with ray mother and told her about it and she said, “Cassie I love your natural look. I get to see how beautiful you are.” She went on to tell me that when I wear wigs, I can be anybody, but when I'm natural, I have no choice but to be myself.
After we ended the call, I began to think about what she said. I made a decision.
The next day I contacted my cousin who owns a barbershop and set an appointment. I got my hair cut and purchased some dye in the beauty supply store, just to add a little color to my hair.
It feels good not to worry about what hair to wear each day. I feel free, und I can honestly say that I don’t miss wearing those wigs. I’m embracing(接受) my natural hair and absolutely love it!
13.What does the underlined word “devastated” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Proud. B. Frightened. C. Curious. D. Excited.
14.What made the author decide to wear her own hair?
A. The expensive cost of wigs. B. The trouble of wearing wigs.
C. The words from her loved ones. D, The dull wigs of all styles.
15.Why did the author call her cousin the next day?
A. To get her hair cut. B.To buy a new wig.
C. To color her hair. D.To fix her wigs.
16.What can be learned from the passage?
A. Two heads are far better than one.
B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.
D. Nothing natural can be wholly unworthy.
五、
“Practice makes perfect” is a very popular expression. However, can we take this saying literally? Many scientific studies have sought to either prove or disprove this idea. So does enough practice literally lead to perfection, or at least to a level of expertise?
One popular theory is that if a person practises for at least 10,000 hours, they will reach “perfection”—or, in other words, become an expert in their field. This theory was made famous by Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 best-selling book, Outliers: The Story of Success. He claimed 10,000 hours of practice to be “the magic number of greatness”. He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10,000 hours of practice before they became successful.
However, Gladwell’s book has been said by many to be too simplistic and generalising. Gladwell’s work was largely based on research done by Anders Ericsson, who argued that Gladwell misinterpreted his research. Firstly, Ericsson stated that 10,000 hours was an average figure. Some people, for example, needed far fewer than 10,000 hours, and others many more. More importantly, Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential. He went on to explain the importance of “deliberate practice”, which is when a person practises a specific part of a skill in depth rather than practising a skill as a whole. Deliberate practice is said to be much more effective, although more tiring.
Despite the theories mentioned above, many other studies argue that practice alone is far from enough. In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level. So what are the other factors that contribute to people becoming experts?
Many people say that natural talent has a large influence on becoming an expert. Another natural factor is physical superiority, which is especially evident in sports. For instance, many baseball players in America have amazing vision that allows them to see the ball much sooner than others do. So no matter how much a “normal” person practises, it is very hard for them to be as good as someone who has natural talent or physical superiority and who also practises.
And how about other factors that go into creating an expert? Many say IQ, personality, attitude, and starting age are decisive factors, too. It is also important to note that becoming an expert doesn't equal instant success. Success also relies on social factors, environmental factors, and even just being in the right place at the right time!
In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement. Based on Ericsson's research, here are some tips on how to practise effectively: be motivated; make specific and realistic goals; work outside your comfort zone; be consistent and persistent; ask for others’ opinions; and, of course, get plenty of rest! For those wanting to become an expert in something, remember that being motivated is key—enjoy what you do and follow your passions.
17.What examples did Gladwell use for his claim?
A.Many scientific studies.
B.His own learning experience.
C.Many baseball players in America.
D.A music group and the Microsoft co-creator.
18.Why did Ericsson disagree with Gladwell?
A.Because he did a scientific studies.
B.Because he found deliberate practice less effective.
C.Because he agreed with the influence of the natural talent.
D.Because he thought the type and quality of practice was also essential.
19.What did a recent study from Princeton University show?
A.Practice only accounted for a small share in reaching an expert level.
B.Attitude and starting age are decisive factors to become an expert.
C.Twenty-six percent of the tested subjects can gain success.
D.It is very hard for a “normal” person to be a natural talent.
20.What can be the suitable title for this text?
A.A new scientific discovery
B.Does practice really make prefect?
C.Advantages and disadvantages of making practice
D.The more you practice, the more success you will receive.
六、
When she returned home that year, she was given an enthusiastic welcome in the same hall. Many hands stretched out to her, many cameras focused on her. A reporter in glasses kept pestering her with the question: “What do you like best?” She was wondering how to respond when she caught sight of a bunch of flowers. Then she said, “Flowers!” Following her remarks, more flowers were at once presented out to her, too many for her to hold. During the past two years, she had participated in many international competitions and brought back one shining medal after another. What she got in return was all smiles, flowers and camera flashes. Was it because of this that she became preoccupied with winning? The more she won, the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing. So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure. The mind could control physical pains but could not free itself from mental strain easily.
This time when she was a little off balance on the horizontal bar (平衡木), she became so worried that she lost self-control and fell off. This failure was followed by several more in other events. Afterwards in order to avoid people at the airport, she trailed along behind the team. She found that very few people greeted her and reporters seemed to shun her. However hard she tried, she couldn’t turn the tide; she was a complete failure. Indeed, who would side with a failure?
All of a sudden, she saw a pair of shoes in front of her. Who could it be? She raised her bent head slowly and saw a navy blue suit, long legs, and then a clear fair face. Before her stood the stewardess with her hands behind her back, speaking with a smile, “I watched your performance on the television. I knew you would come home today. So I am here especially to welcome you.”
“I did very poorly.” She lowered her head again.
“No. You did your best.”
“But I failed.”
“Nobody can avoid failure. I believe failure is as important to you as success. Failure belongs to the past, and victory is the future.” The stewardess’s voice came gentle but firm.
Hearing these words, the girl raised her head. The stewardess held out her hands from behind her back with a big bouquet of colorful flowers, and presented it to the girl. The strong fragrance seemed to turn into a magic, powerful current that went through her body. She was moved to tears. Flowers are usually given to victorious heroes. Why to the disgraced loser?
21.What does the underlined word “pester” mean in paragraph 1?
A.Greet. B.Annoy. C.Inquire. D.Concern.
22.According to the passage, what contributes to her winning medals before?
A.She had received many smiles, flowers and camera flashes.
B.She was passionate about walking on the horizontal bar.
C.Her mind was free from over anxiety about failure.
D.She was in good physical condition.
23.What may be her strongest emotion after she failed?
A.Ashamed. B.Stressed. C.Miserable. D.Grief-stricken.
24.What is the main message the writer tries to convey?
A.Action is worry’s worst enemy.
B.The winners laugh and the losers weep.
C.Excessive pressure will become a burden.
D.Success is never final and failure is never fatal.
七、
When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, “Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn’t work out, you’ll have something to rely on.” “From that moment on, the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,” Mary recalls.
The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom, “I don’t know how to use a computer,” she admits.
Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF). “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn’t want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we’re self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.”
But she hasn’t always practiced what she teaches, in her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts. Year would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.
Although her disease has forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth can ask, ‘why me?’ about something or other,” she insists. “It doesn’t do any good. No one is immune to pain and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be.”
25.Mary’s mother asked Mary to take a typing course because she thought_________.
A.Mary had a talent for computer science
B.Mary failed to achieve her ambition
C.Mary might need a meal ticket for life
D.Mary was unable to complete her high school
26.Which of the following can best describe Mary’s intention of writing Growing Up Again?
A.Donating all her money to JDRF.
B.Giving people with diabetes hope.
C.Informing readers of her painful days with diabetes.
D.Showing how successful her show business is.
27.How did Mary react when she received the life-changing news?
A.She tried to get a treatment. B.She lost control of herself.
C.She behaved in an adult way. D.She began a balanced diet.
28.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Mary felt pity for herself.
B.What Mary did helped her recover from her illness.
C.Mary’s hook was published and then became well-known.
D.Mary’s experience of being ill inspired her to help others.
八、
A series of massive thunder storms hit our area recently, causing flash flooding and knocking down tree branches and even trees. I had spent the afternoon picking up branches out of my yard and throwing them away. Then just before I was getting ready to take my dogs for their last walk of the day, the warnings came on my television and over my phone that another of these storms was heading our way.
I quickly took my dogs outside. Huge clouds were rolling in while thunder boomed over the hills. I knew that the stars were shining but I certainly couldn’t see them. The darkness seemed darker and scarier than usual because I knew what was on the way. That was when I saw it. The tiniest blink of light, up high, at the far end of the grassland behind my house. I smiled. The first of the fireflies had appeared for the summer at just the time I needed to see his light. Soon a few others were blinking their lights as well. It amazed me how far their light traveled in the darkness of the night and how they didn’t seem bothered at all by the approaching storm. I spent an extra few minutes watching my lightening bug friends and taking in their message of light before heading in to get ready for the storm. As I did, though, I noticed that the darkness no longer seemed so scary and that my fear had been replaced with joy.
Life does have its share of storms, some caused by nature and some caused by us. We can’t go through life being scared of them, however. Take a lesson from the fireflies then. Let your light shine. It may seem tiny but you will be amazed at how far it can be seen and how easily it can drive the dark away.
29.What happened when the author was about to walk the dog?
A. His house was heavily damaged.
B. He was encouraged to pick up the branches.
C. He was broadcasting a bad weather warning.
D. Another big storm was broadcasted to be on its way.
30.Which of the following can best describe the huge clouds?
A. Normal. B. Frightening. C. Pale. D. High.
31.Why did the author smile when he saw the tiniest blink of light?
A. There would be no storm at all. B. He could then walk his dog easier.
C. He found great hope from the dark. D. He wasn’t afraid of being lost then.
32.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. We should always give off light when in trouble.
B. Small light in life won’t help much in our life.
C. Some great troubles won’t be easily dealt with.
D. We should avoid being disturbed by trouble.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“You've heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However, we can have a different understanding about it.(你以前聽過一句中國古話:授之以魚不如授之以漁。你現(xiàn)在甚至可能在點頭表示同意。然而,我們可以有一個不同的理解。)”可推知,第一段是為了引入新的觀點—對“授之以魚不如授之以漁”的不同理解,故選B。
2.答案：A
解析：詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“When a person is starving, that's not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish(當(dāng)一個人在挨餓的時候,那不是給他灌輸知識的時候,而是先給他一條魚)”可知,當(dāng)一個人挨餓時,先給他一條魚,這樣能消除他的饑餓,由此可知,劃線單詞“eradicating”意為“消除”,與A項“Getting rid of.(擺脫)”意思相近,故選A。
3.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)三段中“People meeting with personal disasters don't have the ability to think straight. Their nerves maybe shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person's situation?(遇到個人災(zāi)難的人沒有直接思考的能力。他們的神經(jīng)可能會受到刺激。他們的信心可能根本不存在。你能想象處在那種情況下會是什么樣子嗎?)”和第四段中“Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you'll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.(相反,幫助他們恢復(fù)情緒平衡更有意義。一旦他們的耳朵,心靈和頭腦打開,你將有機會教一個新的技能。)”可知,那些處在災(zāi)難中的人們沒有信心,所以為了幫助他們,我們首先要做的是幫助他們恢復(fù)情緒,即增強他們的信心,故選B。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The other is empathy(共情). The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.(另一個是共情。你越成功,就越難想象成為失敗的人是什么樣子。試著在授之以漁課之前為情感接受創(chuàng)造一個安全的環(huán)境。)”可推知,作者建議我們要產(chǎn)生共情,即要換位思考,站在別人的角度考慮。故選C。
二、
5.答案：D
解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第一段第二句“'Help' has become a sort of dirty word, implying weakness and neediness, that we can't handle our problems on our own.”可知大家不愿尋求幫助是因為這意味著我們沒能力自己解決問題。故選D。
6.答案：C
解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第三段最后一句話“'Public' and 'self' stigmas go hand in hand, and when we hear the stigmas being voiced by those around us, we tend to apply them to ourselves because of social influences.”可知我們?nèi)菀资艿焦娢勖挠绊憽９蔬xC。
7.答案：A
解析：事實細節(jié)題。由第四段第一句話“To be our better selves，we have to break the stigma around 'help' and accept the fact that some problems are too tough to overcome on our own.”可知當(dāng)我們打破了尋求幫助的這種羞恥感就會讓自己變得更好。故選A。
8.答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。本文主要講述了遇到困難向別人求助并不是一件羞恥的事情，在有需要的時候要毫不猶豫地去尋求幫助。故選B。
三、
9.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段A very dear friend has been experiencing numerous challenges these past few months. She mentioned how it sometimes felt like she was hanging on by a thread with no quick fix in sight.在過去的幾個月里,一位非常親密的朋友經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。她提到有時感覺自己像是被一根線拴住了,看不到快速修復(fù)方法?？芍?作者的一位好朋友在過去的幾個月里經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的挑戰(zhàn),這讓作者想起了那只帝王蝶幼蟲,它剛剛在那個早晨變成了蝴蝶,故兩者的共同之處是都經(jīng)歷了艱難的處境。故選C。
10.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第四句The caterpillar has kept me mindfully occupied and fascinated during our recent COVID-19 self-isolation.在2019冠狀病毒疾病的自我隔離中,卡特彼勒一直在密切關(guān)注我?？芍?這些特別具有挑戰(zhàn)性的時刻向我們展示了不可避免的經(jīng)歷,這些經(jīng)歷是我們內(nèi)在自我成長所需的食物,故作者認(rèn)為艱苦奮斗對于我們來說是必要的。故選A。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Hanging on by a thread as we transform, keep in mind the beautiful wings we are growing. We are all somewhere in the midst of that unbelievable process. Trust the process. Have faith. Know that you are becoming the most beautiful person that you can be.在我們蛻變的過程中,緊緊抓住一根線,記住我們正在成長的美麗翅膀。我們都處在這一難以置信的過程中。信任這個過程。要有信心。要知道,你正在成為你能成為的最美麗的人?？芍?我們都處在破繭成蝶的過程中。信任過程,堅定信心。要知道,你正在成為最美麗的自己,故作者主要想鼓勵我們樂觀地面對生活中的磨難。故選D。
12.答案：B
解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。作者通過毛蟲變成蝴蝶的過程,感悟到人生的哲理：磨難是人生必須經(jīng)歷的,我們要勇敢、樂觀地面對,故"破繭成蝶"為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。
四、
13.答案：B
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“I lost hair from all over my head, especially on the top where I had a huge bald spot.’’以及“I called Tonya and told her what happened to my hair with tears.”可知,作者開始脫發(fā),尤其是頭頂位置最嚴(yán)重,為此,她向朋友哭訴,由此可知,作者的心情是擔(dān)驚受怕的。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中丈夫的話“Baby, just wear your hair, I like your natural hair.”以及第五段中母親的話“Cassie I love your natural look. I get to see how beautiful you are.”可知,作者的丈夫和母親都不贊成她戴假發(fā),在他們的眼里,作者真實的模樣是最美的,由此可推知,作者在聽取了親人的想法后,決定放棄假發(fā)。
15.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者的堂兄開了一家理發(fā)店,作者去他那里是為了剪頭發(fā)。
16.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,文章主要介紹了作者從戴假發(fā)到摘假發(fā)的心路歷程,告訴讀者一個道理：自然的才是最值得的。
五、
17.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"He gave the examples of the music group The Beatles and Microsoft co-creator Bill Gates. Although they all seemed to have lots of natural talent, they also clearly put in over 10.000 hours of practice before they became successful."(他舉了披頭士樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人比爾蓋茨的例子。盡管他們似乎都很有天賦,但他們顯然也在成功之前花了1萬多小時的練習(xí))可知,Gladwell以樂隊和微軟聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人為例子論證他的1萬小時理論。故選D項。
18.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Ericsson said that just practising a lot was not enough; the type and quality of practice was also essential"(Ericsson表示,僅僅大量練習(xí)是不夠的;練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也至關(guān)重要。)可知,Gladwell認(rèn)為練習(xí)的時長重要, 但Ericssion認(rèn)為練習(xí)的類型和質(zhì)量也很重要。故選D項。
19.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"In fact, a more recent study from Princeton University stated that practice only accounted for up to 26% of reaching an expert level."(事實上,普林斯頓大學(xué)最近的一項研究表明,練習(xí)只占達到專家水平因素的26%。)可知,一個人能否在某個方面達到專家水平,練習(xí)只占很小的一部分。故選A項。
20.答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文,根據(jù)第一段的"So does enough practice literally lead to perfection, or at least to a level of expertise?"(足夠的練習(xí)真的能達到完美嗎?或者至少能達到專長的水平)和最后一段"In conclusion, practice may not make perfect, but deliberate practice has been shown to lead to significant improvement."(練習(xí)可能無法至完美,但刻意練習(xí)已經(jīng)被證明能帶來明顯的提高。)可知,文章在探討練習(xí)是否能至完美。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“熟真的能生巧”。故選B項。
六、
21.答案：B
解析：詞意猜測題。根據(jù)pester所在這句A reporter in glasses kept pestering her with the question: “What do you like best?”和前后句Many hands stretched out to her, many cameras focused on her.可知，她成功是很多人在關(guān)注她,其中有一位記者一直纏著她問問題。故答案為B。
22.答案：C
解析：判斷推理題。從第一段The more she won, the more obsessed she was with the fear of losing. So her mind was in fact more burdened with success than with failure可知，當(dāng)她贏的次數(shù)越多,越害怕失敗,后來連續(xù)失敗。所以推出心無旁騖才會贏，其他選項文中均未涉及。故答案為C。
23.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。從文章中她失敗后的這些行為,比如avoid people at the airport飛機場避開人群, she trailed along behind the team跟在隊伍后面, lowered her head低下頭等,可看出她當(dāng)時最主要是覺得羞愧。故答案為A。
24.答案：D
解析：考察主旨題。這篇文章通過講述鮮花不僅可以贈英雄,失敗者也值得被送花的故事,表達失敗也并不可怕,故答案為D。
七、
25.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, "Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on."(1951年,當(dāng)瑪麗·摩爾開始上高中時,她的母親告訴她:"一定要上一門打字課程,這樣當(dāng)你在演藝圈行不通時,你就有了依靠。")可推知,瑪麗的母親要求瑪麗參加打字課程,因為她認(rèn)為瑪麗可能一輩子都需要一張飯票(有一技之長養(yǎng)活自己)。故選C。
26.答案：B
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.(我不想說教,但我想讓其他糖尿病患者知道,當(dāng)我們自我控制,盡自己的一份力量控制疾病時,情況會好轉(zhuǎn))"可推知,瑪麗寫《再次長大》的目的是給糖尿病患者希望。故選B。
27.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段"In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts. Year would pass before she realized she had to grow up again and take control of her diabetes. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.(像個孩子一樣,她離開醫(yī)院后,給自己買了一盒甜甜圈。幾年過去了,她才意識到她必須再次長大,控制住自己的糖尿病。直到那時,她才戒掉了一天三包煙的習(xí)慣,克服了酒精成癮,開始遵循均衡的飲食)"可知,當(dāng)瑪麗聽到這個改變她一生的消息時,她并沒有控制自己的飲食,一天吸三包煙,而且酒精成癮。由此推知,當(dāng)時她失去了控制。故選B。
28.答案：D
解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是最后一整段內(nèi)容(盡管她的疾病迫使她不得不離開舞池,但她拒絕陷入自憐。"地球上的每個人都會問,‘為什么是我?’ "她堅持說。"這沒有任何好處。沒有人對痛苦和失望免疫。有時我們可以通過幫助別人使事情變得更好。我想說出來,盡我所能提供幫助。")可知,這篇文章主要是關(guān)于瑪麗生病的經(jīng)歷激勵她去幫助別人。故選D。
八、
29.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Then just before I was getting ready to take my dogs for their last walk of the day, the warnings came on my television and over my phone that another of these storms was heading our way.(然后，就在我準(zhǔn)備帶我的狗進行一天最后一次散步之前，我的電視和手機上出現(xiàn)了警告，又一場暴風(fēng)雨正朝我們襲來)”可知，當(dāng)作者正要遛狗的時候，廣播上說另一場大風(fēng)暴即將來臨。故選D。
30.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Huge clouds were rolling in while thunder boomed over the hills.(山上雷聲隆隆，烏云滾滾而來)”可推知，巨大的云是可怕的。故選B。
31.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“It amazed me how far their light traveled in the darkness of the night and how they didn’t seem bothered at all by the approaching storm. I spent an extra few minutes watching my lightening bug friends and taking in their message of light before heading in to get ready for the storm. As I did, though, I noticed that the darkness no longer seemed so scary and that my fear had been replaced with joy.(令我驚訝的是，它們的光在黑夜中照得那么遠，它們似乎對即將到來的暴風(fēng)雨毫不在意。我又花了額外的幾分鐘觀察我的螢火蟲朋友們，并接收它們的光信息，然后出發(fā)準(zhǔn)備迎接暴風(fēng)雨。然而，當(dāng)我這樣做的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)黑暗似乎不再那么可怕，我的恐懼被快樂所取代)”可知，作者看到這些最微小的光時微笑是因為他從黑暗中找到了巨大的希望。故選C。
32.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Life does have its share of storms, some caused by nature and some caused by us. We can’t go through life being scared of them, however. Take a lesson from the fireflies then. Let your light shine. It may seem tiny but you will be amazed at how far it can be seen and how easily it can drive the dark away.(生命中確實有風(fēng)暴，有些是自然造成的，有些是我們自己造成的。然而，我們不能一輩子都被它們嚇著。那就學(xué)學(xué)螢火蟲吧。閃耀你的光芒。它可能看起來很小，但你會驚訝于它能看到多遠，多么容易趕走黑暗)”可推知，當(dāng)我們遇到麻煩的時候，我們應(yīng)該發(fā)光。故選A。

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