?（9） 日常生活類

一、
Many African people have always dreamed that one day the capitals of all African countries will be linked by high-speed railway lines. Now they have one step closer to realizing that dream.
On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational. This railway, built by Chinese companies, is the first railway built using a complete set of Chinese standards outside China.
But it has not been easy for Chinese companies to win Ethiopian support for the project. The Ethiopian government once considered Western standards the best ones. But thanks to China's outstanding performance in building and managing railways, Chinese firms ended up getting the project.
“After rounds of talks, the Ethiopian government came to realize that Chinese standards are not inferior(次于) to western ones, and more importantly, they best suit the country,” Meng Fengchao, board chairman of China Railway Construction Corp, told Xinhua.
This is just another of China's recent achievements in railway building China has the world's longest railway and they make up a huge 60 percent of the world's total. Besides length, China also does well in speed. China is the only country with trains running at 350 km per hour on lines such as Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railways.
Thanks to these achievements, it's easy to forget that China wasn't an early starter in the high-speed rail network game. Japan started 50 years ago, while Germany began 20 years ago. China only launched its high-speed railway 14 years ago.
How has China's high-speed railway been able to develop so quickly? The driving force behind the fast development has been the country's great need for transportation.
“The high-speed railway not only covers the distance, but also connects people, information and goods, greatly boosting the regional economy, people's lives and tourism, " Huang Xin, an official from China Railway Corporation, told China Daily. The high-speed railway has become the transportation of choice for many Chinese people. According to China Railway Corp, about 4,200 bullet trains run in China each day, meaning that more than 4.5 million passengers can travel.
This is only the beginning of China's high -speed railway development. The National Development and Reform Commission said that China plans to have 38,000 km of high-speed railways by 2025.
1.What can be learned about the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway?
A. It was still under construction.
B. It links capitals of several countries.
C. It was the first electrified railway in Africa.
D. It was a combination of Chinese and West standards.
2.What is China's recent achievement in railway building?
A. China helps many other countries build railway.
B. Chinese standards suit most of the countries in the world.
C. China excels at both the length of railway and speed of trains.
D. China is one of the countries whose trains can run at 350km/h.
3.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. China was the pioneer of building high-speed rail networks.
B. China spent 14 years building a longest railway in the world.
C. China's railway accounts for less than 60% of the world's total.
D. China's great need for transportation has driven railway development.
4.Which could be the best title for the text?
A. China's Railways Go to the World.
B. The Corporation between China and Africa.
C. The Railway Development in Africa.
D. The History of High-speed Railway in the world.
二、
Despite mental health being everywhere and its cost on overall well-being and social development, we have been guilty of dragging our feet, both in the sense of acknowledging the causes and facing the consequences of mental health problems, as well as a societal commitment to addressing them. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide governments spend less than 2% of their total health budget on mental health.
But there is hope that the tide may be turning in how we deal with mental health. And that hope resides in Generation Z (born during the mid-to-late 1990s and early 2010s). Generation Z have a different way of approaching well-being and mental health than other previous generations.
Unlike the previous generations, Generation Z are more confident and willing to acknowledge and activate the connection between well-being and mental health. Seeing mental health issues as a natural part of life, something to be faced head-on, like a physical illness, and in the face of them, balance is more likely to be restored: a fruitful solution that results from open and frank discussions with family and friends, sharing or accessing advice on social media. They are also more likely to be health-aware, engage in health-promoting activities and adopt a healthy lifestyle. And while Generation Z are also active healthy eaters, they seek solutions to the environmental impact of food production and more information on how food choice is linked to mental health.
On the work front, they are not shy to press employers for workloads and work-life balance that reduces stress, or to take mental health days to nurture(培養(yǎng)) well-being and prevent the oncoming of more serious mental health problems. Perhaps, because youths suffer disproportionately from mental health issues, they are more likely to be open and talk about them, as well as to seek help.
Historically, the private and public discussions around mental health have been limited, while Generation Z are more active in strengthening, protecting and restoring it. And this shift in the approach indicates well for how society faces mental health issues in the future, especially as Generation Z gain positions of economic and political power.
5.What can we learn about mental health problems from paragraph 1?
A. They need more attention and investment.
B. They are acknowledged and easy to address.
C.They have become the top concerns for WHO.
D. They have little to do with social development.
6.What is the attitude of Generation Z towards mental health problems?
A.Curious. B.Positive. C. Tolerant. D. Casual.
7.What do Generation Z tend to do in their work to keep mentally healthy?
A. Handle workloads alone.
B. Let life make way for work.
C.Reject stressful work arrangements.
D. Argue with their employers for higher wages.
8.What is the best title for the text?
A. Solving Generation Z's Mental Problems
B. Changing Our Approach to Mental Health
C. Health Budget—the Key to Mental Health
D. Mental Health—the First Killer of Mankind
三、
????From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
????Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell's laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, "was intended to be a nostalgic(懷舊的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introd?cing my family."
????Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family's five-year stay in Corfu. He is 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, love struck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
????Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you'll be laughing as Larry's clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil—yellow cottage, the next you'll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: "Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained."
????My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
????As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
9.Which word best describes Durrell's life in Corfu?
A. Risky. B.Busy. C. Tough. D. Diverse.
10.What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2?
A. I introduced my family by mistake.
B. I shouldn't have introduced my family.
C. I couldn't help introducing my family.
D.I gave wrong information about my family.
11.What are paragraph 4 and 5 mainly about?
A. The book's writing feature. B. Durrell's rich imagination.
C. Some interesting plots of the book. D. Some vivid descriptions of the island.
12.What is the purpose of this text?
A. To share an experience. B. To recommend a book.
C. To introduce a writing style. D. To describe an unusual place.
四、
On a hot summer afternoon along the Mandavi River, Shweta Hule wraps her sari around her ankles and bends to pick wild "weeds" from the river and drop them into a bowl. The plants will be made into fritters(炸果餅), to be served at the little restaurant attached to the B&B Hule manages in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla.
Wild edible(可食用的) plants are common in kitchens here. Hule's weed is juicy, which is found in mangrove forests. Harvesting some of the plant is helping conserve the mangroves, a globally endangered ecosystem of salt-tolerant trees that stop coastal erosion(侵蝕) and absorb storm damage.
Hule is head of Swamini, a self-help group set up by nine women from a fishing community in Vengurla who started Mandavi Eco Tourism in 2017. Vengurla is known for its beautiful beaches and seafood, but the climate crisis has made fishing for a living unsustainable, so people are trying to find other sources of income. They came up with the idea of running mangrove safaris(觀光游) for tourists in Vengurla's Mandavi River.
The safaris offer visitors a unique hour-long tour of the mangroves. Food has also become a key attraction: local spicy coconut curries, with homegrown or wild vegetables. Tourists are encouraged to go crabbing, and their catch is cooked and served.
Hule only discovered recently that the weed was edible when she met tourists from another coastal city. She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins. She made her own version of the fritters, with chickpea flour, and presented it at the wild vegetable festival. "It was an instant hit. This boosted the confidence to include these fritters in our restaurant menu," says Hule.
Swamini's lodging house also serves vegetarian meals and plates of fish and crab sourced from the river. "The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency. We had guests from London who were so happy with our food that they took down the recipe. Such people help our business grow. What more can we want?" says Hule.
13.Which of the following can best describe the example of Shweta Hule?
A. Do as the Romans do. B. Strike while the iron is hot.
C. Kill two birds with one stone. D. Bite off more than you can chew.
14.What does Swamini offer to visitors?
A. Eco-tours and accommodation. B. Fishing guide service.
C. Vegetable growing techniques. D. Hands-on cooking classes.
15.Why were Hule's fritters well-received?
A.They were less expensive. B. They were traditional.
C.They had their own features. D.They got strongly promoted.
16.How did Hule feel about tourists' obtaining her food recipe?
A.Lost. B.Proud. C.Worried. D.Curious.
五、
??? Darwin's Arch, a famed rock formation in the Galapagos Islands has taken on a new shape.
??? The top of the Arch collapsed this week into the Pacific Ocean due to natural forces.
??? "Obviously all the people from the Galapagos felt it was a shame because it's something we're familiar with since childhood, and to know that it has changed was a bit of a shock,"
??? Washington Tapia said, "However, from a scientific point of view, it's part of the natural process.
??? It normally happens on our planet."
??? Darwin's Arch, which is made of natural stone, at one point would have been part of the island. Named after famed naturalist Charles Darwin, it is not accessible by land. But the area around the islands is a popular diving spot, particularly to observe sharks and other sea species.
??? "Unfortunately today, our guests of the Galapagos Aggressor III experienced a once in a lifetime event," the travel company Agressor Adventures posted on Facebook. The group added, "This morning at 11:20 am local time, the world-famous Darwin's Arch collapsed in front of their eyes. There are now only two pillars(柱子) remaining. Some in the dive & travel industry are already referring to this now as 'The Pillars of Evolution(進化)'."
??? The post received nearly 200 comments including one person who wrote, "What a shame! Geologic(地質(zhì)的) time is so much different from human time that we forget that it's always going on. That's why I like to spend a lot of time among the arches in Southern Utah. You never know when it could be the last time before geology does its work."
??? The Galapagos Islands are a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has been called a "ilving museum and showcase of evolution". The islands are situated about 621 miles from the coast of Ecuador. They are home to many interesting animals including giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and many types of finches.
17.What does Tapia think of the collapse of Darwin's Arch?
A. It is a disastrous memory especially for kids.
B. It is a little bit disappointing but acceptable.
C. It is a rare natural phenomenon in the world.
D. It is such a wonder hard to explain in science.
18.What do people coming to the Galapagos Islands like most?
A. Diving to observe some sea species. B. Catching sharks around the islands.
C. Climbing Darwin's Arch carefully. D. Visiting the office of Charles Darwin.
19.What is the post from the Agressor Adventures on Facebook mainly about?
A. The magical power of the geology. B. The novel description of the pillars.
C. The witness of the fall of the Arch. D. The reason for the loss of the Arch.
20.What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A. To advertise for Aggressor Adventures. B. To introduce the theory of evolution.
C. To praise Darwin for his contribution. D. To add some background information.
六、
In large population studies, people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C appear to have a reduced risk for various types of cancer, including cancers of the mouth and lung. But it's not clear that these benefits come specifically from vitamin C. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study found that a daily supplement containing 500 mg of vitamin C can help slow the progress of macular degeneration, an age-related eye disease that causes vision loss. But we don't know what benefits, if any, are provided by vitamin C in particular.
Many people take vitamin C supplements in unnecessarily high doses to prevent or treat various conditions for which its effectiveness is unproved. The vitamin C supplements have variously been said for staving off sunburn and improving the appearance of wrinkles. None of these benefits have been confirmed in scientific studies.
Perhaps the best-known and most widely promoted use of high-dose(高劑量)vitamin C is to prevent or treat the common cold. Most of the evidence shows that high-dose vitamin C will, at most, shorten a cold by one day. In ordinary circumstances, vitamin C has no preventive value, although a few studies have reported a 50% reduced risk of developing colds among people taking vitamin C in extreme circumstances-for example, skiers, marathon runners, and soldiers working in extreme conditions.
The recommended vitamin C dosage per day for healthy women is 75 mg per day. For adults, the highest safe daily intake is likely to be 2, 000 mg per day. Vitamin C is water-soluble, so any amount more than you need will not be stored in the body. It's safe in almost any amount from foods, and supplements in recommended amounts are also regarded as safe for most people. In some people, high doses-more than, say, 2,000 or 3,000 mg per day-can cause a variety of symptoms. People with kidney conditions should take no more than 1,000 mg a day.
21.What can we learn about vitamin C in the first paragraph?
A. It can be of better effect in higher doses.
B. It can be a cure for age-related eye disease.
C. It can help slow the progress of some illness.
D. It can reduce the risks of the mouth cancer.
22.What function does vitamin C have in treating the common cold?
A. It can help people save plenty of money.
B. It can stop soldiers from catching a cold.
C. It may reduce a cold by one day at most.
D. It may prevent the common cold efficiently.
23.How much Vitamin C are healthy women advised to take per day?
A.75 mg. B. 500 mg. C. 2,000 mg. D. 3,000 mg.
24.Where is this text probably taken from?
A. An exam paper. B. A travel journal.
C. An art guidebook. D. A science magazine.
七、
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed the world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the University of Minnesota, US, according to CNN.
The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (語料庫) of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive? As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI said in an interview with Forbes, “it's not actually fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.”
According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complicated than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡) that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today's model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. The neural network can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore capture the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (無人指導的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale of texts it learned from.
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK, told The Guardian. This means that ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world—it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.
Some argue that ChatGPT will be used to generate fake news, spread falsities, or be used for ill purposes. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.
25.How does ChatGPT work?
A. By making complicated texts simpler.
B. By gathering a wide variety of information.
C. By passing several law exams in four courses.
D. By employing its large collection of information.
26.What makes ChatGPT so amazing?
A. A completely new technology.
B. The ability to track the location of a word.
C. The combination of a network and self-learning.
D. Better understanding of the meaning of every word.
27.What does the underlined word “falsities” mean in the last but one paragraph?
A. False information. B. Something new.
C. Various resources. D. Timely responses.
28.Why is ChatGPT forbidden in many us schools?
A. Because a ban on it has recently been passed.
B. Because it provides fake news that will mislead students.
C. Because students use it for the purpose of improving their essays.
D. Because with it, students finish their assignments without thinking.
八、
My parents had been married less than two years when my dad was diagnosed with ALS. Making a decision regarding whether or not to start a family was difficult at the time, but due to their faith and positive outlook, they chose to do so. Had they not shared the same optimism, my older brother John would not be here, and I would not be writing this today. To say that I am thankful for their decision is an understatement. My dad has had a long battle with ALS and is still fighting after 26 years.
As a child, my parents did everything in their power to keep things as normal as possible for my brother and me. Unfortunately, I have very few memories of my dad when he was still able to walk because of how young I was when he lost that ability. However, I can confidently say that as a girl, my childhood felt completely normal. Our friends came over a lot. John and I were very involved in sports, and my parents were at every game.
ALS isn't just a deadly disease—it is incurable. Most patients do not live even close to 26 years like my father has been able to. ALS is also a lonely disease, for both the patients and caregivers, as they go through hardships those around them will rarely understand. My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her.
Dad is the strongest person I know. He has overcome his physical limitations due to how strong he is mentally. Every day is a battle, and every day he fights hard. He truly believes every day is a gift. Some days are worse than others, but he would rarely let you know. It takes a certain kind of faith, will, ambition, and strength to handle such a desperate diagnosis, and he has never faltered(退縮).
29.How does the author feel about her parents' choice of starting a family?
A. Grateful. B. Indifferent. C.Angry. D. Regretful.
30.What does the author intend to stress about her parents in Paragraph 2?
A. Their optimistic attitude. B.Their family values.
C. Their love for children. D.Their difficult situations.
31.Which of the following words can best describe the author's mom?
A. Determined and caring. B. Humorous and knowledgeable.
C. Talented and demanding. D. Generous and strict.
32.What can be concluded from the family's story?
A. Hardships and difficulties are unavoidable in life.
B. One has to learn to shoulder responsibility courageously.
C. The presence of parents is important to children's development.
D. Inner strength and family support can help overcome physical limitations
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational.(2016年10月10日,非洲第一條現(xiàn)代化電氣化鐵路埃塞俄比亞-吉布提鐵路全面投入運營。)可知,埃塞俄比亞-吉布提鐵路是非洲第一條電氣化鐵路。故選C。
2.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中China has the world's longest railway and they make up a huge 60 percent of the world's total. Besides length, China also does well in speed.(中國擁有世界上最長的鐵路,占世界鐵路總數(shù)的60%。除了長度,中國在速度上也做得很好。)可知,中國最近在鐵路建設方面取得的成就包括中國在鐵路長度和火車速度方面都很出色。故選C。
3.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段The driving force behind the fast development has been the country's great need for transportation.(快速發(fā)展背后的驅(qū)動力是國家對交通運輸?shù)木薮笮枨蟆?可知,中國對交通運輸?shù)木薮笮枨笸苿恿髓F路的發(fā)展。故選D。
4.答案：A
解析：標題概括題。閱讀全文,并根據(jù)文章第二段On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational. This railway, built by Chinese companies, is the first railway built using a complete set of Chinese standards outside China.(2016年10月10日,非洲第一條現(xiàn)代化電氣化鐵路埃塞俄比亞一吉布提鐵路全面運營。這條由中國公司建造的鐵路是中國以外第一條使用中國標準建造的鐵路。)和最后一段This is only the beginning of China's high -speed railway development. The National Development and Reform Commission said that China plans to have 38, 000 km of high-speed railways by 2025.(這只是中國高速鐵路發(fā)展的開始。國家發(fā)展和改革委員會表示,到2025年,中國計劃擁有3.8萬公里的高速鐵路。)等可知,文章主要介紹了中國高鐵在非洲的發(fā)展情況以及中國高鐵近幾年所取得的成就和發(fā)展歷史。選項A"中國的鐵路走向世界"能夠概括全文內(nèi)容,適合作文章標題。故選A。
二、
5.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知,據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織估算,全球各國政府在心理健康上的支出不到其總衛(wèi)生預算的2%。由此可知,心理健康問題需要更多的關注與投入。
6.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,Z世代把心理健康問題視為生活的組成部分并且積極正面地進行處理。
7.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知,在工作方面,他們不羞于就工作量的問題向雇主施壓,他們要求工作與生活平衡,以減輕壓力,保持心理健康。由此可知,他們敢于拒絕有壓力的工作安排。
8.答案：B
解析：主旨大意題。文章介紹了Z世代對心理健康問題的態(tài)度和處理方式。最后一段中的shift in the approach是文章標題的提示詞。
三、
9.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.(從被令人印象深刻的花園包圍的小屋,到探索沙灘和充滿野生動物的深林的日子,在《我的家人和其他動物》一書中,英國作家Gerald Durrell生動地描述了20世紀30年代他的家人在希臘科孚島的時光。)可知,Durrell在科孚島的生活是多樣的。故選D。
10.答案：C
解析：詞句猜測題。根據(jù)語境和劃線句前文was intended to be a nostalgic(懷舊的) account of natural history, but in the first few pages, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family.(本想成為一本關于自然史的懷舊書,但在前幾頁,我情不自禁地介紹了我的家人。)可知,劃線詞句應為“我情不自禁地介紹了自己的家人”的意思。故選C。
11.答案：A
解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中Durrell's attention to detail is what makes the book so winning, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life.(Durrell對細節(jié)的關注使這本書如此引人入勝,島上的每一個景象、聲音和氣味都栩栩如生。)和第五段My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.(《我的家庭和其他動物》很難歸類,一部分是游記,一部分是自傳,一部分是自然歷史,一部分是喜劇,一種描述性的語言貫穿始終,有時幾乎把它提升到詩歌的境界。)可知,這兩段主要介紹了這本書的寫作特點。故選A。
12.答案：B
解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.(作為一種真正的閱讀樂趣,對于任何目前正走在艱難人生道路上的成年人或年齡較大的青少年來說,這是一種完美的文學逃避。)可知,這篇文章的目的是為了推薦這本《我的家庭和其他動物》。故選B。
四、
13.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“bends to pick wild ‘weeds’ from the river and drop them into a bowl. The plants will be made into fritters(炸果餅), to be served at the little restaurant attached to the B&B Hule manages in the Indian coastal town of Vengurla.(彎腰從河里揀起野生的“雜草”,扔進一個碗里。這些植物將被制成炸果餅,供應給在胡勒在印度沿海城鎮(zhèn)文古拉經(jīng)營的民旅館附屬小餐館)”和第二段“Wild edible(可食用的) plants are common in kitchens here. Hule's weed is juicy, which is found in mangrove forests. Harvesting some of the plant is helping conserve the mangroves, a globally endangered ecosystem of salt-tolerant trees that stop coastal erosion(侵蝕) and absorb storm damage.(野生可食用植物在這里的廚房里很常見。Hule的雜草多汁,這種草生長在紅樹林中。收割一些這種植物有助于保護紅樹林,這是一種全球瀕危的耐鹽樹木生態(tài)系統(tǒng),可以阻止海岸侵蝕并吸收風暴破壞)”可知,這些雜草可以被制成食物,而且除掉它們有助于保護紅樹林,由此推知,Shweta Hule的例子可以說是一舉兩得。故選C。
14.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Hule is head of Swamini, a self-help group set up by nine women from a fishing community in Vengurla who started Mandavi Eco Tourism in 2017.(Hule是Swamini的負責人,這是一個自助組織,由文古拉一個漁業(yè)社區(qū)的九名婦女成立,她們于2017年創(chuàng)辦了Mandavi生態(tài)旅游)”和第四段“The safaris offer visitors a unique hour-long tour of the mangroves. Food has also become a key attraction: local spicy coconut curries, with homegrown or wild vegetables. Tourists are encouraged to go crabbing, and their catch is cooked and served.(野生動物園為游客提供了一個獨特的長達一小時的紅樹林之旅。食物也成為了一個關鍵的吸引力:當?shù)氐男晾币涌о?配以本土或野生蔬菜。游客們被鼓勵去捕螃蟹,他們捕獲的東西被煮熟后端上桌)”可知,Swamini給游客提供生態(tài)旅游和食宿。故選A。
15.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Hule only discovered recently that the weed was edible when she met tourists from another coastal city. She researched these leaves and learned that the salty plant is rich in vitamins. She made her own version of the fritters, with chickpea flour, and presented it at the wild vegetable festival.(Hule最近才發(fā)現(xiàn)這種雜草是可以食用的,當時她遇到了來自另一個沿海城市的游客。她研究了這些葉子,了解到這種咸味植物富含維生素。她用鷹嘴豆粉做了自己版本的炸果餅,并在野菜節(jié)上展出)”可知,Hule的炸果餅受歡迎是因為它們有當?shù)氐奶厣?。故選C。
16.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"The satisfaction after the visitors enjoy our meal is the real currency. We had guests from London who were so happy with our food that they took down the recipe. Such people help our business grow. What more can we want?" says Hule.(Hule說:“游客們享用我們的飯菜后的滿足感才是真正的貨幣。我們有來自倫敦的客人,他們對我們的食物非常滿意,所以他們把食譜記了下來。這些人幫助我們的業(yè)務發(fā)展。我們還想要什么?”。)推知,Hule對游客想得到他們的食譜感到非常自豪。故選B。
五、
17.答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Obviously all the people from the Galapagos felt it was a shame because it's something we're familiar with since childhood, and to know that it has changed was a bit of a shock"("顯然,所有來自加拉帕戈斯群島的人都覺得這是一種恥辱,因為這是我們從小就熟悉的東西,知道它已經(jīng)改變了,這有點令人震驚。")及第四段Washington Tapia said, "However, from a scientific point of view, it's part of the natural process."(Washington Tapia說: "然而,從科學的角度來看,這是自然過程的一部分。")可知,Tapia認為"達爾文拱門"的坍塌令人惋惜,但認同這是自然過程的一部分。故選B。
18.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中But the area around the islands is a popular diving spot, particularly to observe sharks and other sea species.(但島嶼周圍地區(qū)是一個受歡迎的潛水地點,特別是觀察鯊魚和其他海洋物種)可知,人們?nèi)ゼ永粮晁谷簫u最喜歡潛水觀察海洋物種。故選A。
19.答案：C
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中This morning at 11:20 am local time, the world-famous Darwin's Arch collapsed in front of their eyes. There are now only two pillars(柱子) remaining.(當?shù)貢r間今天上午11點(20分),舉世聞名的'達爾文拱門'在他們眼前倒塌了?，F(xiàn)在只剩下兩個柱子了)可知,Agressor Adventures旅游公司在Facebook上發(fā)的帖子主要是關于目睹拱門倒塌。故選C。
20.答案：D
解析：目的意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段“The Galapagos Islands are a UNESCO World Heritage Site that has been called a 'living museum and showcase of evolution'. The islands are situated about 621 miles from the coast of Ecuador. They are home to many interesting animals including giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and many types of finches.(加拉帕戈斯群島是聯(lián)合國教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn),被稱為'活的生物進化博物館和陳列室'。這些島嶼距離厄瓜多爾海岸約621英里。它們是許多有趣動物的家園,包括巨型烏龜、海鬣蜥和許多種類的雀類)”可知,最后一段主要介紹了加拉帕戈斯群島,旨在補充一些背景信息。A.To advertise for Aggressor Adventures.為侵略者冒險做廣告;B.To introduce the theory of evolution.介紹進化論;C.To praise Darwin for his contribution.贊揚達爾文的貢獻;D. To add some background information.補充一些背景信息。故選D。
六、
21.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In large population studies, people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables high in vitamin C appear to have a reduced risk for various types of cancer, including cancers of the mouth and lung. But it's not clear that these benefits come specifically from vitamin C. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study found that a daily supplement containing 500 mg of vitamin C can help slow the progress of macular degeneration, an age-related eye disease that causes vision loss”(在大規(guī)模人群研究中,吃大量富含維生素C的水果和蔬菜的人患各種癌癥的風險似乎降低了,包括口腔癌和肺癌。但目前尚不清楚這些益處是否特別來自維生素C。與年齡相關的眼病研究發(fā)現(xiàn),每天補充500毫克維生素C有助于減緩黃斑變性的進展,黃斑變性是一種與年齡有關的眼病,會導致視力下降。)由此可知,維生素C可以幫助減緩某些疾病的進展。故選C項。
22.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Most of the evidence shows that high-dose vitamin C will, at most, shorten a cold by one day.”(大多數(shù)證據(jù)表明,大劑量的維生素C最多能使感冒時間縮短一天)可知,維生素C對治療普通感冒的作用是它最多能減輕一天的感冒。故選C項。
23.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“The recommended vitamin C dosage per day for healthy women is 75 mg per day.”(健康女性每天維生素C的推薦劑量是75毫克。)可知,建議健康女性每天攝入75毫克維生素C。故選A項。
24.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。短文介紹了維生素C有諸多好處還沒有得到證實,對一些人來說,服用維生素C要慎重。所以短文來自于科學雜志。故選D項。
七、
25.答案：D
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus(語料庫)of text data.(它通過利用從大型語料庫中收集的信息來實現(xiàn)這一點)”可知,ChatGPT利用其收集的大量信息工作的,故選D。
26.答案：C
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complicated than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡) that can make sense of texts.(根據(jù)麻省理工技術評論,ChatGPT基于GPT-3,一種大型語言模型。由于文本比每一個單詞的含義都要復雜,所以語言模型需要一種能夠理解文本的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡)”以及倒數(shù)第三段講到“The GPT models built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised(無人指導的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.(OpenAI構(gòu)建的GPT模型將Transformer與無監(jiān)督學習相結(jié)合,這意味著模型可以自己學習,而無需被告知要看什么。)”可知,網(wǎng)絡和自我學習的結(jié)合讓ChatGPT如此驚人,故選C。
27.答案：A
解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章劃線單詞所在段最后一句“This means that ChatGPT doesn't know the truth about the world—it learns information from various resources but it cannot decide what is true or false.(這意味著ChatGPT不知道世界的真相—它從各種資源中學習信息,但它無法決定什么是真的還是假的。)”可知,劃線單詞所在句子One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities的意思是:ChatGPT最大的問題之一是,它很自信地帶著謊言回來了?？芍詈笠欢沃?帶下劃線的單詞的意思是“虛假信息”,故選A。
28.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句講到“As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays(在教育方面,許多美國學校最近禁止學生在學校網(wǎng)絡上使用ChatGPT,因為學生開始使用它作為論文的捷徑。)”可知,ChatGPT在許多美國學校被禁止是因為有了它,學生們可以不用思考完成作業(yè),故選D。
八、
29.答案：A
解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段“To say that I am thankful for their decision is an understatement”可知,作者非常感激父母的決定。故答案選A。
30.答案：C
解析：主旨大意題,根據(jù)二段的內(nèi)容可知,作者父母盡量讓作者過和其他家庭一樣正常的生活,體現(xiàn)了父母對于作者以及作者哥哥的愛。故答案選C項。
31.答案：A
解析：推理判斷題,根據(jù)第三段的“My mom is his primary caregiver, and my brother and I help out as much as we can. She is a remarkable mother and wife, the backbone of our family, and none of us would be here without her”可知,作者的母親堅定、體貼。故答案選A項。
32.答案：D
解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知,父親用內(nèi)在的力量和家人的支持一直在和疾病做斗爭,所以內(nèi)在的精神力量和家人的支持有助于克服身體的局限。故答案選D項。

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