
這是一份高中英語北師大版 (2019)必修 第三冊Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots公開課ppt課件,共60頁。PPT課件主要包含了課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖解,課堂整體閱讀習題,題組練·領悟方法等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
1 What is “Just-me-ism”? 2 Why is “Just-me-ism” a prblem? 3 D yu have any suggestins n hw t slve the prblem?
A slutin wuld be t make them understand that even the smallest actin can change the wrld,s they shuld take actin whenever pssible fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity. Fr example, they shuld turn the tap ff when brushing their teeth,turn the light ff when they leave a rm and pick up even little pieces f litter they drpped n the rad.
“Just-me-ism is a way f thinking that fcuses n caring fr just neself and ignres the envirnment,animals and the cmmunity.
There will be nbdy t care and lk after theenvirnment.
In the early 1990s
Dr. Jane Gdall
T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity.
Every individual matters.
1 What cntributin des Rts & Shts make t sciety? 2 What makes Dr. Jane Gdall think Rts & Shts can help slve the prblem f “ Just-me-ism”? 3 What is yur explanatin fr the tw qutes frm Dr. Jane Gdall?
Dr. Jane Gdall’s qutes mean that changing the rle is an individual act,because there are millins f peple wh can make a difference if they all act n their wn.
It inspires yung peple t build a future that is secure and t live tgether in peace with nature.
It encurages individuals t play a part in making the wrld a better place instead f just thinking abut themselves.
The writer uses the parallel structures t create a strng effect n readers s that they understand the writer’s pint better and reflect n their wn behaviur deeply as well.
t take actin
a firm fundatin
break pen brick walls
just-me-ism
leaving the tap running
live in peace
Functin: -ing(attributive 3; adverbial 5; cmplement 1) -ed( attributive 4; adverbial 2; cmplement 6)
Ⅰ 閱讀理解(根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案) 1. Why des the authr mentin “Just-me-ism” in Paragraph 1? A. T shw the imprtance f each individual. B. T reveal the damage humans d t the wrld. C. T call n peple t save energy. D. T infrm us f sme awful facts. 2. Fr what purpse was Rts & Shts funded? T teach peple hw t be a persn with a green thumb. B. T educate yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment. C. T prmte the study f chimpanzees. D. T help educate yung peple t have a bright future. 3. Wh des Rts & Shts represent? A. Researchers at the institute. B. Ordinary peple in peace with nature. C. Children in primary schls. D. Yung peple arund the wrld. 4. What des Rts & Shts emphasize? A. The imprtance f each individual. B. The imprtance f wildlife prtectin. C. The educatin f next generatin. D. The urgency f envirnmental prtectin.
Ⅱ 語法填空(根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語法規(guī)則完成短文) Mst peple suffer 1 what is knwn as “Just-me-ism”. Actually,it is 2 ?。╤arm) t the wrld. 3 ?。╥nspire) yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts 4 (establish). The rganizatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve 5 ?。╯lw) under the grund t make a firm 6 ?。╢und), and shts can break pen brick walls 7 (reach) the light. The value and imprtance f each individual is 8 Rts & Shts is all abut. Dr. Jane Gdall thinks each individual has a rle 9 ?。╬lay) and every individual makes10 difference.
was established
Language pints
核心詞匯 教材原句p.31 Rts & Shts 根與芽1 rt n. & v. (1)n. 樹根;根源,起因;起源,基礎搭配:put dwn rts (植物)生根;定居take rt(植物)生根;(思想)植根,深入人心 be/lie at the rt f sth 是某事物的根本原因have ne’s rts in... 起源于…… tree rts 樹根 We have t get t the rt f the prblem.我們必須找到問題的根源。 What lies at the rt f the prblem is their lack f interest. 這一問題的根本原因是他們?nèi)狈εd趣。Flamenc has its rts in Arabic music. 弗拉明科起源于阿拉伯音樂。 (2)vi. & vt.(使)生根搭配 :be rted in sth 起源于某事物 rted t the spt/grund/flr(震驚、驚訝或害怕得)呆住不動rt ut 根除,杜絕(問題);搜尋 rt up 將(植物)連根拔起/ 挖起 Mary was rted t the grund at the bad news. 聽到這個壞消息,瑪麗呆若木雞。This feeling f rejectin is ften deeply rted in childhd. 這種受排斥的感覺往往起源于童年,根深蒂固。
◆單句語法填空(1) Leave me alne in a ltus pnd,and I knw hw t harvest and prepare the ________ ( rt). (2) The trees failed ?。╮t) and died. (3) The villagers cut dwn the big trees and rted the stumps(樹樁). ◆完成句子 (4) Early frms f cake were simply a kind f bread,s this traditin (起 源于) the custm f sharing bread. (5) After ten years travelling the wrld,she felt it was time t __________________________ (找個地方定居). (6) ?。ā母驹颍﹉is trubles is a sense f insecurity.
has its rts in
put dwn rts smewhere
What is/lies at the rt f
2 sht n. & v. (1)n. 芽,苗;嫩枝;拍攝tender shts f eggplants 茄子的嫩苗 a fashin sht fr a magazine 為一家雜志拍攝的時裝照(2)vi. & vt.(sht,sht)射中;射擊;發(fā)射;拍攝搭配 : sht sb/sth 射中,射死(一定射中) sht at 向……射擊(表示動作,不一定射中) sht sb in the head/back/leg 射中某人的頭部/ 背部/ 腿部sht sb dead 開槍打死某人sht up 猛漲;迅速長高,躥個兒
The hunter sht at the deer,but he didn’t sht it. 獵人朝那只鹿開槍,但他沒有擊中它。A man was sht in the leg. 一個人被射中腿部。 Where was the mvie sht? 那部電影是在哪兒拍的? ◆詞語積累 sht n. 開槍;擊球;照片;(電影中的)鏡頭;嘗試fire a sht 開槍,射擊 take a sht at(=sht at)朝……開槍/ 射擊have a sht at 嘗試…… give it a sht 嘗試一下【誤區(qū)警示】“ sht sb in + the + 身體
◆單句語法填空(1) One f her cusins (sht) dead nly a few streets away frm where she lived. (2) The hunter sht the bear,but he missed it. (3) After last week’s rain,the weeds have sht . (4) I tk a few mre shts the target,but missed.◆完成句子 (5) The murderer ( 射中那個人的后背) and stle the diamnd frm his suitcase. (6) David ?。▏L試) cming clse t the injured sheep with care.
sht the man in the back
had a sht at
教材原句p.31 Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “Just-me-ism”.很多人都有所謂的“以自我為中心”的問題。3 suffer frm遭受……之苦;患……病suffer frm a bad back 背疼suffer frm a bad cld 患重感冒 suffer frm ill health 身體不好 suffer frm a headache/tthache頭疼 / 牙疼 suffer frm stress承受壓力 【用法比較】 suffer frm 后一般跟的是傷痛、疾病等引起痛苦的原因,suffer 后跟表示不愉快或損失的詞語,也可以不跟任何賓語。suffer pain/hardship 經(jīng)歷痛苦 / 困難 suffer a defeat/a lss/damage/punishment遭受失敗/損失/損害/懲罰 Anne suffered a lt during Wrld War Ⅱ. 安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間受了很多苦?!粼~語積累 sufferer n. 受害者;患者 suffering n. 痛苦,苦難,折磨
◆單句語法填空(1) Yu always turned a deaf ear t ur advice, s yu deserve the ?。╯uffer) nw. (2)With n rains fr ver a year,the city is suffering unusually ht weather. (3) When Tm was a child,he (suffer) frm bullying—ther students were unkind t him. ◆完成句子 (4) Because f COVID-19,many cmpanies ?。ㄒ呀?jīng)遭受了 很大損失). (5) Tm ?。^疼), s I suggested that he shuld see a dctr.
suffering
have suffered great lsses
suffered frm a headache
教材原句p.31 yu drp a piece f litter and can’t be bthered t pick it up. ……或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。4 bthered adj. 擔心的;煩惱的搭配:nt be bthered t d sth 懶得做某事 Mary can’t be bthered t prepare breakfast. 瑪麗懶得做早飯。 ◆詞語積累 bther vt. & vi. 麻煩;打擾;(使)擔心,(使)苦惱bther t d/ding sth 費心做某事bther sb with/abut sth 拿某事來煩擾某人It bthers sb t d sth/that... ……讓某人心煩。Why bther? 何必那么麻煩? Dn’t bther. 不用麻煩了。Dn’t bther t get dinner fr me tday. I’ll eat ut with my friends. 今天不用費心為我準備晚餐了。我要和我的朋友們出去吃。I can’t bther Mr King with my little affairs. 我不能拿我的區(qū)區(qū)小事去打擾金先生。It really bthered me that he’d frgtten my birthday. 他把我的生日忘了,我很不高興。
◆單句語法填空(1) Smetimes I act as a listening ear fr fellw students t talk ver what (bther) them. (2) Please dn’t bther ?。╞uy)me an air ticket. I’ve gt ne. (3) The famus mvie star culd hardly walk dwn the street withut ?。╞ther). ◆完成句子 (4) ?。ê伪啬敲绰闊? We can stay at hme and watch films nline. (5) I (懶得解釋)why I was late fr the party. (6)—Shall I rder a taxi fr Sarah t g t the airprt tnight? — ?。ú挥寐闊┝耍? I’ll drive her there.
is bthering
buying/t buy
being bthered
Why bther
culdn’t be bthered t explain
Dn’t bther
教材原句p.31 T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment,animals and their cmmunity... 為了激勵年輕人行動起來保護環(huán)境、動物和社區(qū)…… 5 take actin 采取行動 搭配 : take actin t d sth 采取行動做某事take actin against 采取行動反對…… We must take actin t deal with the prblem befre it spreads t ther areas. 在這一問題蔓延到其他地區(qū)之前我們一定要采取行動將其解決。Nancy decided t take actin against using plastic bags. 南希決定采取行動反對使用塑料袋?!練w納拓展】 take measures t d sth 采取措施做某事take steps t d sth 采取措施做某事d smething 動手去解決問題,做點什么Why didn’t they take steps t stp the fighting frm cntinuing? 他們?yōu)槭裁床徊扇〈胧┳柚範幎返睦^續(xù)呢?
◆單句語法填空(1) It’s time t take actin the rising crime rate in ur city. (2) The lcal gvernment has taken actin ?。╥mprve)air quality. ◆完成句子 (3)We shuld ( 采取行動保護) thse endangered species. (4)[2020·天津卷]Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr (不采取 行動). (5) Officials have been careful t ?。ú扇〈胧┳柚梗゛ny data leaks t ther cuntries.
take actin t prtect/ d smething t prtect
taking n actin
take measures/steps t prevent
教材原句p.31 This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Gdall... 這個組織于 20 世紀90 年代初由珍·古道爾博士創(chuàng)立…… 6 set up 建立,成立;創(chuàng)辦;建起,豎起The United Natins was set up in 1945 and cnsists f mre than 190 cuntries. 聯(lián)合國成立于1945 年,由190 多個國家組成。A fund will be set up fr the dead men’s families. 將為死者家屬設立一項基金。The plice set up radblcks n rutes ut f the city. 警察在城外的路上設置了路障?!練w納拓展】 set abut ding sth =set ut t d sth 開始/ 著手做某事set aside 把……放到一旁;省出,留出(錢或時間) set dwn 記下,寫下;制定;放下set ff 動身,出發(fā);使爆炸;引起,激發(fā)set ut (fr)出發(fā)(去),動身(去) set sb free 釋放某人set a date fr 確定……的日期set an example t/fr 為……樹立榜樣set fire t 點著…… 【一言助記】 The fisherman was set free. He set dwn his suitcase,set up a tent and set fire t sme wd t get warm. After he had set a date fr ging hme,he set abut preparing t set ut the next week. 漁夫被釋放了。他放下行李箱,搭了個帳篷,燒了一些木頭取暖。在確定了回家的日期之后,他開始做準備下周出發(fā)。
◆單句語法填空(1)With the help f his uncle,Peter set a cmpany f his wn. (2) If we had set her address, we wuldn’t have had difficulty finding her huse. (3)We need t set finding a way t deal with the prblem. (4) He decided t set a schl fr the pr children frm the muntain villages. (5) She sets a bit f mney every mnth fr the future use. ◆完成句子 (6) Armed with the infrmatin yu have gathered,yu can _________________________________ (著手準備)yur business plan. (7) One afternn the sailrs ?。ǔ霭l(fā))frm the cast in a small bat and were caught in a strm. (8) Lang Lang Internatinal Music Fundatin, ( 成立) ver 10 years ag,has raised millins f dllars t supprt yung musicians.
set abut preparing/set ut t prepare
set ff/set ut
(which was)set up
教材原句p.31 mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin... ……根部在地下緩慢延伸以形成堅實的基礎…… 7 firm adj. & n. (1)adj. 堅實的;穩(wěn)固的;堅定的;堅決的;嚴格的a firm bed 結(jié)實的床 a firm base穩(wěn)固的底座 hld a firm belief 持有堅定的信念 be firm with sb 對某人嚴格 a firm hand 強硬手段 It is hped that ur gvernment will take firm actin against crimes. 希望我國政府采取堅決行動打擊犯罪。[詞匯復現(xiàn)] There is firm evidence that smking is harmful t ur health. 有確鑿的證據(jù)表明吸煙有害我們的健康。 ?。?)n. 公司,商行,事務所 She plans t set up a firm. 她計劃成立一家公司。[詞匯復現(xiàn)] a building/engineering/law firm一家建筑公司/工程公司/律師事務所 ◆詞語積累 firmly adv. 堅定地;堅決地;堅信地
◆單句語法填空(1)[詞匯復現(xiàn)]I ?。╢irm) believe that we must take actin at nce t put an end t the cnflict. (2) When Alice was a kid,her mther was firm her. ◆完成句子 (3) My mther ( 擁有堅定的信念)that educatin can change ne’s fate. (4) If the lcal gvernment ?。ú扇绤栃袆樱?at nce,things will becme better sn. (5) Sme peple still claim that (沒有確鑿的證據(jù)) linking smking with lung cancer.
hlds a firm belief
takes firm actin
there is n firm evidence
8 fundatin n. 基礎;地基搭配 : lay/prvide the fundatin(s) fr 為……打下基礎shake/rck the fundatins f sth =shake/rck sth t its fundatins 從根本上動搖某事物;動搖某事物的基礎 be withut fundatin=have n fundatin 沒有根據(jù) the fundatin f a civilized sciety 文明社會的基礎 dig the fundatins f the building挖建筑物的地基 The agreement laid a firm fundatin fr future cperatin between the tw cuntries. 項協(xié)議為兩國將來的合作打下了堅實的基礎?!粼~語積累 fund vt. 創(chuàng)建,創(chuàng)辦;建立,興建funder n. 創(chuàng)辦者,發(fā)起人 fund sth n sth = base sth n sth 把……建立在……的基礎上be funded based n... 建立在……的基礎上
◆單句語法填空(1)[詞匯復現(xiàn)]The business, (fund) by Mr Smith,is suffering frm a shrtage f skilled staff. (2)[詞匯復現(xiàn)]Early study laid a firm ( fund) fr his research. (3)This issue has shaken the ?。?fund) f French plitics. ◆完成句子 (4) His thery ?。ㄊ墙⒃诖罅繉嶒灮A 上的).
fundatins
is funded/based n lts f experiments
教材原句p.31 Every individual makes a difference. 每一個個體都能有所作為。9 make a difference 有影響,有作用Where yu live can make such a difference t the way yu feel. 你居住的位置會對你的感覺產(chǎn)生很大的影響。What difference will it make if he knws r nt? 他知不知道有什么關系嗎? 【歸納拓展】 make a big/a lt f difference(t)(對……)有很大的影響make n/little difference(t)(對……)沒有/ 幾乎沒有影響make sme difference(t)(對……)有些影響What yu say during the first step f the interview may make a big difference. 你在面試的第一步中說的話可能會產(chǎn)生很大的影響。
◆完成句子 (1)[2017·北京卷]Hannah is ne f many examples f yung peple wh (正產(chǎn)生影響) in the wrld. (2) What she says will (對……沒有 影響)ur plan. (3) What we are ding nw will ?。▽Α艽蟮挠绊懀? the children’s future.
are making a difference
make n difference t/nt make any difference t
make a big/a lt f difference t
教材原句p.31 It is by acting tgether,in this exciting way,that we can invlve thusands—millins—f peple... 正是通過這種令人激動的方式共同行動起來,我們可以讓成千上萬,甚至千百萬人參與其中…… 10 invlve vt. 參與;包含,需要;牽涉,涉及搭配 : invlve sb in(ding)sth 使某人參與(做)某事invlve ding sth 包含/ 需要做某事 We want t invlve as many peple as pssible in the celebratins. 我們希望參加慶典的人越多越好。The jb invlves travelling abrad fr three mnths every year. 這項工作需要每年到國外出差三個月。【詞語積累】invlved adj. 參與;有關聯(lián);復雜難懂的be/get invlved in 參與;卷入;與……有關聯(lián)When Bb was at university,he was invlved in many activities. 鮑勃上大學時,參與了許多活動?!菊`區(qū)警示】 invlved 作前置定語和后置定語時意義不同: 作前置定語:an invlved plt 復雜的情節(jié)作后置定語:the peple invlved 所涉及的人
◆單句語法填空(1)[2019·北京卷]N matter what yu like t d, there is a way t get (invlve) in varius activities n Earth Day. (2) Michelle fund a jb as a high schl teacher which ?。╥nvlve) spending quite a lt f time with students. (3) Running yur wn business usually invlves ?。╳rk) lng hurs. (4)We didn’t realise hw much wrk ( invlve) in rganising a wedding. ◆完成句子 (5) I dn’t want t ( 卷入) the quarrel between Tm and Jack. (6) Try t ( 讓盡可能多的孩子參與)the game.
was invlved
be/get invlved in
invlve as many children as pssible in
教材原句p.32 Thse peple dn’t think their actins such as leaving the tap running while brushing their teeth can have negative effects n the envirnment. 那些人不認為他們的行為如刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流會對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生負面影響。11 have an effect n 對……有影響The mn has an effect n the cean. 月球?qū)Q笫怯杏绊懙摹?【歸納拓展】 have an influence/impact n 對……有影響have n effect n 對……沒有影響have a big/psitive/negative/prfund effect n 對……有大的/ 積極的/ 消極的/ 深遠的影響bring/put sth int effect 使生效,實行,實施cme int effect 生效,開始實施take effect 開始起作用;生效,開始實施in effect 實際上,事實上 These behaviurs have a psitive and lasting effect n the lcal envirnment. 這些行為對當?shù)丨h(huán)境有積極和持久的影響。The new rule will cme int effect next mnth. 新規(guī)定將于下個月生效。 These measures are just beginning t take effect. 這些措施剛開始見效。
◆單句語法填空(1) The cnference has been held t discuss the effects f turism the wildlife in this regin. (2) A happy hme envirnment has gd effect n children’s grwth. (3) The new timetable will cme effect tmrrw. (4) That deal wuld create, effect, the wrld’s biggest airline. ◆完成句子 (5) In general,the way peple think abut themselves (對…… 有深遠的影響)all areas f their lives. (6) Sandstrms usually ( 對……有壞的影響) peple’s health.
has a prfund effect n
have a bad effect n
重點句式 教材原句p.31 Yu knw that all thse things are wrng,but s what? 你知道那些都是不對的,但那又怎么樣? 1 s what 那又怎樣S what? I dn’t care what he thinks f me. 那又怎樣?我不在乎他怎么看我?!練w納拓展】 What 如果……怎么辦? What fr? 為什么? Why me? 為什么是我? Why nt? 為什么不呢? Hw cme? 怎么會呢?/ 為什么?(表示驚訝) Wh cares?(常用于無禮地表示)管它呢/ 誰管呢? What if an earthquake happens tmrrw? 如果明天發(fā)生地震怎么辦? —Can I have tw days ff ? 我可以請兩天假嗎? —What fr? 為什么? —I think yu we me sme mney. 我想你欠我一些錢吧。 —Hw cme? 怎么會呢?
◆完成句子 (1)— Mrs Brwn will be unhappy if yu dn’t g t the get-tgether. — (那又怎樣)? I hate being with her. (2) —Jim,can yu wrk this Sunday? — ?。槭裁词俏遥? I’ve been wrking fr tw weeks n end. (3) — Michael was late fr Mr Smith’s chemistry class this mrning. — ?。ㄔ趺磿兀? As far as I knw,he never came late t class. (4)[2018·天津卷] ?。ㄈ?果……怎么辦) they talked a lng time abut a painting that yu weren’t interested in?
教材原句p.31 the wrld and make it a better place t live in. ……改變世界,使其更加宜居。2 make + 賓語 + 賓補該結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種形式: (1)make+ 賓語+ 名詞These advantages make the city a perfect place t g fr hliday. 這些優(yōu)點使得這座城市成為一個度假的理想去處。(2)make+ 賓語+ 形容詞Early t bed,early t rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有且聰明。(3)make+ 賓語+ 不帶t 的不定式Y(jié)u can’t make me g. 你不能強迫我去。 (4)make+ 賓語+ 過去分詞Mr Smith raised his vice t make himself heard. 史密斯先生提高了嗓門,以使自己被聽見。【學法點撥】 ①make 后不接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。②make 后作賓補的不定式不帶 t,變成被動語態(tài)時不定式要帶 t。We were made t wrk all night. 我們被迫工作了一整夜。
◆單句語法填空(1) The bss made Martin (wrk) lng hurs. (2) Bb made himself ?。╱nderstand) by using bdy language. (3) Mr Green was made ?。╨eave) the cmpany n Friday. ◆翻譯句子 (4) 我們讓湯姆當班長。_____________________________________ (5) 他不停地說話,這讓我發(fā)瘋。____________________________________ (6) 你能讓這臺舊機器運轉(zhuǎn)嗎?____________________________________ (7) 你能用英語表達你的意思嗎?_____________________________________________
We made Tm ur mnitr.
He kept talking,which made me mad.
Can yu make the ld machine wrk?
Can yu make yurself understd in English?
教材原句p.32 Therefre,Rts & Shts hpes t invlve millins f yung peple in building a secure future s that we can live in peace with nature. 因此,“根與芽”希望讓數(shù)以百萬計的年輕人參與建設一個安全的未來,以便我們能夠與自然和平共處?!揪涫椒治觥勘揪渲械膕 that引導目的狀語從句。s that意為“以便, 為了”。3 s that 引導目的狀語從句s that 引導目的狀語從句時,意為“以便,為了”,相當于 in rder that,從句中常有 will,wuld,can,culd,may,might 等情態(tài)動詞, 表明動作尚未發(fā)生。Lanlan studies hard s that she can g t university in three years. 蘭蘭努力學習,以便能在三年后上大學。We shuld study hard at schl s that we can make great cntributins t ur mtherland. 我們應該在學校努力學習,以便我們能為祖國做出巨大的貢獻。【歸納拓展】 s that 還可引導結(jié)果狀語從句,意為“因此,所以”。從句時態(tài)表明動 作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,且從句中一般不用情態(tài)動詞,可以用逗號與主句隔開。Lanlan studied hard s that she gt a full mark in maths. 蘭蘭努力學習,因此她數(shù)學得了滿分。I gt up late this mrning,s that I was late fr schl. 今天早上我起床晚了,結(jié)果上學遲到了。
◆判斷s that 引導什么狀語從句(1) She raised her vice s that all the students culd hear her clearly. ______________ ?。?) She raised her vice s that all the students heard her clearly. ______________ ◆完成句子 (3)[2018·天津卷]Let’s nt pick these peaches until this weekend ?。?以便)they get sweet enugh t be eaten. (4) Tny gt up very early this mrning (結(jié)果) he caught the first train t New Yrk. (5) He turned his huse int a schl ?。ㄒ员? 孩子們能受到教育). (6) Nancy didn’t prepare fr the test (結(jié)果她沒能通過考試).
s that the children culd get educatin
s that she failed t pass it
單元語法 動詞-ing 和-ed 形式動詞-ing 和-ed 形式在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用,可用作定語、表語、賓語補足語或狀語。1 動詞-ing 形式作定語 動詞-ing 形式表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài),被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關系,相當于一個定語從句。單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,放在被修飾詞之前;現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時,則放在被修飾詞之后。Falling water can be used t generate electricity. 落水可以用來發(fā)電。 Our students need t adapt t this rapidly changing wrld. 我們的學生需要適應這個快速變化的世界。D yu knw that girl speaking t ur mnitr nw? 你認識那個現(xiàn)在正在跟我們班長說話的女孩嗎? That man sitting by the windw seems t be waiting fr smene. 坐在窗戶旁邊的那個男人似乎正在等人。
【誤區(qū)警示】(1) 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)的完成式having dne 一般只用作狀語,不用作定語。(2) 過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式和動詞不定式的被動式作定語的區(qū)別
◆單句語法填空(1) The girl ?。╯ing) n the stage nw is ur mnitr. (2) The flwers ?。╯mell)sweet in the garden attract the visitrs t enjy the beauty f nature. (3) There is a lt f evidence (shw) that staring at the cmputer fr a lng time des harm t ur eyes. (4) Last night,there were millins f peple ?。╳atch) the pening ceremny live n TV. (5)[2019·全國Ⅱ卷]When we gt a call ( say)she was shrt-listed,we thught it was a jke. (6) The railway (build) nw will cnnect the village t a large city. (7) The railway (build) last year cnnects the village t a large city. (8) The railway (build) next year will cnnect the village t a large city.
being built
t be built
2 動詞-ing 形式作表語動詞-ing 形式作表語,表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征,它的主語通常是物。這類分詞通常可以看作形容詞。作表語用的動詞-ing 形式,許多是由能夠表示人的感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有exciting,mving,interesting,shcking, frightening,terrifying,inspiring,bring,puzzling,amusing, entertaining,astnishing,surprising,pleasing,disappinting 等。The ftball match which was held last night was very exciting. 昨天晚上舉行的足球比賽令人非常興奮。The stries in his bk are s interesting that little kids like t read it. 他書中的故事太有趣了,以至于小孩子喜歡讀它。The develpment f ur cuntry’s ecnmy is encuraging. 我國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展是振奮人心的。
◆單句語法填空(1) It was (surprise) that the shy girl std up and answered the questin. (2) The prblem which he met in the new schl was quite (puzzle). (3) The situatin bth at hme and abrad is very (inspire). (4) This stry is ?。╥nterest) and fun fr the whle family t enjy,and especially cl fr yung bys. (5) The result f the ftball match was s ?。╠isappint) that sme fans culdn’t help crying.
surprising
inspiring
interesting
disappinting
3 動詞-ing 形式作賓語補足語 動詞-ing 形式作賓補時,賓語與賓補之間是主動關系。動詞-ing 形式主要用于以下三類詞后作賓補: ( 1)位于感官動詞后:如 see,hear,feel,smell,watch,catch,spt, find,listen t,lk at,ntice,bserve 等。I saw him helping a blind man crss the street. 我看見他正在幫一位盲人過馬路。When I passed by,I heard Rse singing a Chinese sng. 當我路過時,我聽見羅絲正在唱一首中文歌。The teacher caught him cheating in the examinatin. 老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他在考試中作弊。【誤區(qū)警示】 感官動詞see,hear,watch,ntice,bserve 等接 ding 作賓補,表示動作正在進行;接d 作賓補,表示動作的全過程。I bserved a stranger entering his huse. 我看見一個陌生人正在進他家。I bserved a stranger enter his huse. 我看見一個陌生人進了他家。(2)位于使役動詞后:如set,keep,have,get,leave 等。His wrds set me thinking f my future. 他的話使我思考起我的未來。 I wn’t have yu drpping ut f schl at such a yung age. 我不允許你在這么小的年紀輟學。(3)位于介詞with 后。Helen sat there,with tears rlling dwn her cheeks. 海倫坐在那里,眼淚順著臉頰流下來。
◆單句語法填空(1) When I passed by,I saw a stranger ( walk) int the ld building. (2)When I was n my way t schl this mrning ,I saw tw wmen ?。╝rgue). (3) He was just abut t sit dwn when he felt smething ?。╩ve)near his feet. (4) On the bank f the river,we fund him ?。╨ie)n the bench,with his eyes ?。╢ix)n a kite in the sky. (5) I std n the bridge and watched bats ?。╬ass)by. (6) They use cmputers t keep the traffic (run) smthly. (7) The head teacher caught Peter ?。╬lay) with his cell phne in class. (8) I culd hear them (talk) in lw vices, but I culdn’t make ut what they were saying. (9)With water ?。╟ver) mre than 70% f its surface,the earth lks like a blue ball.
4 動詞-ing 形式作狀語(1)動詞 -ing 形式的一般式與完成式The typhn hit ur twn,causing damage t the crps. 臺風襲擊了我們鎮(zhèn),對農(nóng)作物造成了損害。The typhn finally ended,having caused damage t the crps. 臺風終于結(jié)束了,對農(nóng)作物造成了損害。(2)動詞-ing 形式的主動式與被動式 提示:句子的主語就是它的邏輯主語。Seeing the head teacher,Bb rushed int the classrm immediately. 看見校長,鮑勃立刻沖進了教室。Being given the chance,Susan felt very happy. 被給了機會,蘇珊感到非常高興。
(3)動詞-ing 形式作狀語時的功能動詞-ing 形式作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、伴隨等。Walking alng the bank f the river,I saw tw big birds. 沿著河岸走時,我看見了兩只大鳥。(時間狀語) Being a famus singer,she is ften surrunded by fans. 作為一名著名的歌手,她經(jīng)常被歌迷圍著。(原因狀語) Wrking hard,yu will catch up with yur mnitr. 努力學習,你就會趕上你的班長。(條件狀語) Wang Peng sat in his restaurant alne,feeling very upset. 王鵬獨自坐在他的餐館里,感到很沮喪。(伴隨狀語) 【學法點撥】 動詞-ing 形式作狀語時,可在其前面加上連詞(短語)when, while,if,althugh,even if,as if 等,以表達更明確的含義。Althugh lacking mney,they managed t let their children get educatin. 雖然缺錢,但他們設法讓他們的孩子接受教育。(4)動詞-ing 形式可作評論性狀語 有些現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)可用于句首,沒有邏輯主語而獨立存在,作為句子的獨立成分來修飾全句,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為評論性狀語或評注性狀語。如: generally speaking 一般來說 rughly speaking 大致來說frankly speaking 坦率地說 judging frm/by 由……判斷cnsidering... 考慮到…… Judging frm his accent,he is frm the Suth. 根據(jù)他的口音判斷,他來自南方。
◆同義句轉(zhuǎn)換(1) When she saw thse pictures,she remembered her childhd. = ,she remembered her childhd. (2) After we have made full preparatins,we are ready fr the examinatin. = , we are ready fr the examinatin. (3) Since yu were given such a gd chance, hw culd yu let it slip away? = such a gd chance,hw culd yu let it slip away? ◆單句語法填空(4) ?。╤ear) the news that they will g n a spring tur,the children jumped with jy.(5) Nt ?。╧nw) the city well, I lst my way n the way back t the htel. (6) An earthquake struck Italy in April, ( cause) a lt f damage t the huses. (7) Mrris was seated in frnt f the cmputer, ?。╯tare) at the dark screen. (8) (wrk) fr tw days,Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule. (9) ?。╠efeat) in the last match,the hst team were determined t win the cup back this time. (10)Generally ?。╯peak),I am very satisfied with this jb.
Seeing thse pictures
Having made full preparatins
Having been given
Having wrked
Being defeated
5 動詞-ed 形式作定語(1)過去分詞(短語)作定語的位置①單個的過去分詞作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之前。此時過去分詞具有形容詞的特點,側(cè)重永久性的狀態(tài)或特點。the fallen leaves落葉 the plluted water 被污染的水 newly planted flwers新栽的花 ②過去分詞短語作定語,通常放在被修飾詞之后,其作用相當于一個定語從句。The washing machines made in ur factry(=which are made in ur factry)are f high quality. 我們工廠生產(chǎn)的洗衣機質(zhì)量很高。The speech given by Prfessr Yang(=which was given by Prfessr Yang)greatly encuraged the students present. 楊教授做的演講大大鼓勵了在場的學生們。Hangzhu,knwn fr the West Lake(=which is knwn fr the West Lake),has changed greatly. 以西湖而聞名的杭州已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。
【誤區(qū)警示】 ①有些單個的過去分詞,像left(剩余的),given(被給的),cncerned (有關的),invlved (有關的)等,習慣上用作后置定語。standing rm left所剩的立足之地 the bk given被給的書籍 the peple cncerned有關人士 ?、谟行┻^去分詞已完全形容詞化了,作前置定語時,其含義完全不同于同形的作后置定語的過去分詞。I’m ging t buy sme used bks. 我打算買一些舊書。 The bks used by Mary are still new nw. 瑪麗用過的書現(xiàn)在仍然很新。We’ll meet at a given time and place. 我們將在指定的時間和地點見面。 The time and place given t us aren’t decided yet. 給我們的時間和地點還沒有定下來。
(2)過去分詞作定語的意義①及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,表示被動和完成。respected leaders受人尊敬的領導們 a furnished rm 一個有家具的房間 canned fd 罐裝食品 the questin discussed yesterday昨天討論的問題 ②不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,不表示被動,只表示完成。a retired teacher一位退休教師 an escaped prisner 一個逃犯 the risen sun升起的太陽
◆單句語法填空(1) The rbt ?。╠evelp) by a Chinese cmpany last week can take care f the elderly peple. (2) After cmpleting it,please return the frm t us in the ?。╬rvide) envelpe. (3) The (shck) lk n his face shws that he hasn’t knwn the result. (4)[2019·天津卷]Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially ?。╠esign) t help them succeed academically and persnally. (5) Tsinghua University, (fund)in 1911,is hme t a great number f utstanding figures. (6) The players ?。╯elect)frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnur in this summer game. (7) Can thse (seat) at the back f the classrm hear me? (8) It is ne f the funniest things (find)n the Internet s far this year. (9) We finished the run in less than half the time ?。╝llw). (10)I’m calling t enquire abut the psitin (advertise)in yesterday’s China Daily. (11)Mrs Tang, (knw) as a writer, will give us a speech tmrrw afternn.
advertised
6 動詞-ed 形式作表語過去分詞作表語,表示主語處于某種狀態(tài)。其主語通常是人。( 1)主要用在系動詞be和連系動詞 lk,sund,get,becme,grw, smell,taste,stay,remain 等后。常見的作表語的過去分詞有delighted,excited,interested,disappinted,discuraged,puzzled, surprised,shcked,amazed,astnished,cnfused,amused,tired, bred,satisfied,pleased,wrried,seated,drunk 等。This cffee cup is brken,and I will thrw it away. 這個咖啡杯破了,我將把它扔了。On hearing the news,all the students gt excited. 一聽到這個消息,所有的學生都變得很激動。The dr f this shp remains lcked. 這家商店的門依舊鎖著。 Yu lk wrried. What has happened? 你看上去很擔心。發(fā)生了什么事? T her parents’ delight,Lily grws interested in science. 令她父母高興的是,莉莉?qū)茖W產(chǎn)生了興趣。(2)“get + dne”句式“get + dne”句式有兩層含義: ①表示某種結(jié)果,如get married(結(jié)婚),get changed(換衣服), get dressed(穿衣服),get lst(迷路),get washed(洗臉),get tired (累了)等。They gt married last week. 他們上周結(jié)婚了。 We have n time t get changed. 我們沒時間換衣服了。 ②表示被動關系,如get hurt/injured/wunded(受傷),get trapped/ caught(in)(被困?。琯et paid(得到報酬)等。 The taxi driver gt injured in the accident. 出租車司機在這場事故中受傷了。
◆單句語法填空(1) The children lked quite (excite) when they heard the news. (2) The ld man remained ?。╯eat) when the German sldiers entered the church. (3) Rbert gt ?。╞urn),but frtunately,the burn was nt serius. (4) Fr thse with family members far away, the persnal cmputer and the phne are imprtant in staying ?。╟nnect). (5)We gt ?。╯tick) in a traffic jam. Therefre,we didn’t arrive there n schedule. ◆完成句子 (6) The party is infrmal,s yu needn’t (換衣服). (7) The tw students ?。月罚?in the wds. What was wrse,their cell phnes were dead. (8) His car (陷在)the mud;as a result,he had t g there n ft.
get changed
was/gt stuck in
7 動詞-ed 形式作賓語補足語一般是及物動詞的過去分詞才能作賓語補足語,表示被動或完成含義。當動詞的賓語與賓補之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關系,且動作已經(jīng)完成時,需用過去分詞。( 1)過去分詞用在感官動詞 see,hear,watch,ntice,feel,find, bserve,listen t 后作賓語補足語。I saw him beaten black and blue. 我看見他被打得鼻青臉腫。 Rbert fund himself surrunded by a grup f bys. 羅伯特發(fā)覺自己被一群男孩包圍了。Little Jim watched the TV set carried ut f the rm. 小吉姆看著電視機被搬出了房間。(2)過去分詞用在have/get 后作賓語補足語。表示三種含義: ①表示“讓某人做某事”。My hair is lng and I will have it cut this afternn. 我的頭發(fā)長了,今天下午我要去理發(fā)。②表示“遭遇某種不幸的事”。This ld wman had her mney stlen n the bus. 這位老太太的錢在公共汽車上被偷了。③表示“某事被做”,主語參與做此事。I will have the wall f my huse painted this weekend. 這周末我將把我家里的墻粉刷一下。
(3)過去分詞用在表示狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave 等后作賓語補足語。We can’t keep ur eyes clsed t the bad behaviur. 我們不能對不好的行為視而不見。Did yu leave the drs and windws firmly fastened? 你把門窗都關牢了嗎? (4)過去分詞用在動詞make 后作賓語補足語。The English teacher raised her vice t make herself heard by all the students. 英語老師提高了嗓門,以使所有的學生都能聽到。(5)過去分詞用在want,wish,like,rder 等后作賓語補足語。I dn’t want my daughter left alne when we g t France. 我不想我女兒在我們?nèi)シ▏鴷r被單獨留在家里。Mr Lin didn’t wish the incident mentined nce mre. 林先生希望這件事不要再被提及了。(6)過去分詞用在with 復合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語補足語。With their huse destryed by the fld,they had t stay in the tent. 他們的房子被洪水摧毀了,他們不得不待在帳篷里。
◆單句語法填空(1) When we gt t schl,we fund the dr ?。╨ck). (2) He had his bike ?。╮epair) the day befre yesterday. (3)William had his bike ?。╯teal) last night. (4) I tried t speak mre clearly t make myself (understand).(5) He didn’t want the prblem (discuss) at the mment. (6) On my way back hme,I heard my name (call). (7) Please remain silent and keep the rm ?。╨ck). (8)With my wrk ?。╢inish),I went t the library fr sme bks. (9) Martin was listening attentively t the lecture, with his attentin ?。╢ix) n it.
◆完成句子 (10)If yu ?。òl(fā)現(xiàn)自己受困) in a grup f cmplainers at a meeting r a scial event,simply chse silence. (11)When Mr Green walked ut f the bank,he ?。òl(fā)現(xiàn) 自己的車不見了). (12)The yung man std in the middle f the rm, ?。ㄋ碾p手 被綁著) behind his back. (13)When we ?。匆娐繁欢拢?with snw,we decided t spend the hliday at hme. (14)Befre driving int the city,yu are required t ?。ㄏ窜嚕?
find yurself trapped
fund his car gne/lst/ missing
with his hands tied
saw the rad blcked
get/have yur car washed
8 動詞-ed 形式作狀語動詞-ed 形式作狀語可表示時間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨等。這些分詞(短語)可擴展成一個狀語從句或并列分句。過去分詞(短語) 作狀語時,其邏輯主語要和句子主語一致。(1)作時間狀語:相當于一個時間狀語從句,可位于句首或句末。Asked(=When he was asked) why he hadn’t attended the party, Andy made n answer. 當被問及他為什么沒參加聚會時,安迪沒有回答。(2)作原因狀語:相當于一個原因狀語從句,一般位于句首。Seriusly injured (= Because he was seriusly injured) in the earthquake,this by was sent t hspital immediately. 由于在地震中受傷嚴重,這個男孩立刻被送往醫(yī)院。 (3)作條件狀語:相當于一個條件狀語從句,常位于句首。Seen (= If it is seen) frm the space,the earth lks like a big blue ball. 如果從太空看,地球看起來就像一個藍色的大球。 (4)作方式或伴隨狀語The head teacher came int the classrm angrily,fllwed by tw bys. 校長怒氣沖沖地走進了教室,后面跟著兩個男生。 【學法點撥】 過去分詞前可根據(jù)具體的需要加上連詞when,while,until,nce, if,unless,even if/thugh,thugh,althugh,as if/thugh 等。 Once published,the dictinary will be very ppular! 一旦出版,這本詞典將會大受歡迎! Even if invited,I wn’t attend the get-tgether. 即使受到邀請,我也不會去參加聚會。
◆單句語法填空(1) The ld cuple, ?。╩ve) by his kindness,thanked him ver and ver again. (2) ?。╠ress)elegantly,the hst attracted the audience’s interest straight away. (3) ?。╰ire) after a day’s wrk,Jane didn’t want t prepare dinner by herself. (4) Althugh ?。╠isappint) at the result,the cach didn’t criticise the players. (5) Greatly ?。╥nspire) by the achievements f ur cuntry,we are determined t study hard t serve it in the future. (6) ?。╨se) in deep thught, William didn’t ntice his father cme in. (7) Miss Lin std in the middle f the ffice, (surrund)by sme students. (8) ?。╝bsrb) in painting,Jhn didn’t ntice evening appraching. (9) ?。╨se) in the frest,yu shuld first f all remain where yu are,waiting fr help t cme.
disappinted
surrunded
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