高中英語Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots學(xué)案及答案

這是一份高中英語Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots學(xué)案及答案，共17頁。
?Unit 8 Green Living

Ⅰ.匹配詞義
A．單詞匹配
(　　)1.electricity　 A．n.基礎(chǔ)；地基
(　　)2.firm B．n.樹根
(　　)3.institute C．a(chǎn)dj.堅實的；穩(wěn)固的
(　　)4.foundation D．n.電
(　　)5.root E．n.機構(gòu)；研究院
[答案]　1－5　DCEAB
B．短語匹配
(　　)1.make a difference A．盡自己所能做某事
(　　)2.not be bothered to do sth.
B．致力于
(　　)3.take action C．起作用；產(chǎn)生重大影響
(　　)4.do my part for sth. D．懶得做某事
(　　)5.be committed to E．采取行動
[答案]　1－5　CDEAB
Ⅱ.默寫單詞
1．smog n. 霧霾
2．ocean n. 海洋，大海
3．extinction n. 滅絕
4．transport n. 交通運輸系統(tǒng)，運輸方式
5．recycle vi.&vt. 再利用，回收利用
6．flat n. 一套公寓房，一套住房
adj. 平坦的
7．shoot n. 芽，苗；嫩枝
　 vt. 射中；射擊
8．brick n. 磚，磚塊
9．desert n. 沙漠
10．carbon n. 碳

Ⅰ.語境填詞
desert；balance；recycle；battery；foundation；extinction；firm；transport；institute；global
1．We should recycle garbage，not burn it.
2．Respect and love provide a solid foundation for marriage.
3．If you have to climb up，use a firm platform or a sturdy ladder.
4．There is a middle school attached to the institute．
5．We need to take a more global approach to the problem.
6．Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation.
7．An efficient transport system is critical to the long-term future of London.
8．They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction．
9．The vehicles have been modified to suit conditions in the desert．
10．The man in the garage said he would charge up my car battery．
Ⅱ.語法填空之派生詞
1．Climate change is a terrible problem and it absolutely (absolute) needs to be solved.
2．Will global(globe) warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?
3．The government's industrial(industry) policy has been fiercely attacked by the left.
4．Most of us need to lead more balanced(balance) lives to be healthy and happy.
5．All this has happened because you couldn't be bothered (bother)to give me the message.
6．Fruit juices can be harmful(harm) to children's teeth.
7．It is now firmly(firm) established as one of the leading brands in the country.
8．We need to examine all the costs involved(involve) in the project first.

1．Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
比方說你刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流，外出的時候不關(guān)燈，或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。
2．To inspire young people to take action for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established.
為了鼓勵年輕人對環(huán)境、動物及其社區(qū)采取行動，建立了“根和芽”組織。
3．The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
這個組織被稱為“根和芽”，因為樹根在地下緩慢移動以形成堅實的基礎(chǔ)，而嫩枝看起來又小又弱，但它們可以打破磚墻，以達到光明。
4．Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.
成百上千的根和芽可以解決問題，改變世界，使之成為一個更適合居住的地方。
5．That's what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual—human，animal or plant.
這就是“根和芽”的全部意義：每個人、動物或植物的價值和重要性。

名師圈點
①suffer from 患有；遭受
②just-me-ism以自我為中心
③brush vt.刷凈；刷亮
④litter n．垃圾
⑤not be bothered to do sth.懶得做某事
⑥so what 那又怎么樣
⑦millions of數(shù)百萬
⑧matter vi.要緊；有影響
⑨anyway adv.無論如何；不管怎么樣
⑩gallon n．加侖
?harmful adj.有害的；可致傷害的
?take action采取行動；采取措施
?establish vt.建立；確立
?institute n．機構(gòu)；研究院
?Jane Goodall珍·古道爾——世界上擁有極高聲譽的動物學(xué)家，致力于野生動物的研究、教育和保護。她二十多歲時前往非洲的原始森林，為了觀察黑猩猩，度過了三十八年的野外生涯。她奔走于世界各地，呼吁人們保護野生動物、保護地球環(huán)境。
?chimpanzee n．黑猩猩
?whole-heartedly adv.全心全意地；一心一意地
?be committed to致力于
?secure adj.安全的
?firm adj.堅實的；穩(wěn)固的
foundation n．基礎(chǔ)；地基
brick n．磚；磚塊
wag vt.&vi.(狗)搖(尾巴)
thirsty adj.渴的；饑渴的
individual n．個人
make a difference 起作用；產(chǎn)生重大影響
原文呈現(xiàn)
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Most people suffer from①what is known as “Just-me-ism”②.What is that？Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush③your teeth，leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter ④and can't be bothered to⑤pick it up.You know that all those things are wrong，but so what⑥？“What difference can it possibly make？”you say to yourself.“There are millions of ⑦people in the world and I'm just me.How can it matter⑧if I leave one little tap running，one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road？And anyway⑨，no one will know.”O(jiān)f course，it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves：“It doesn't matter.It's just me.And，anyway，no one knows.”Millions of gallons⑩of water would be wasted；millions of lights would be left on；millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful?.
To inspire young people to take action?for the environment，animals and their community，Roots & Shoots was established?.This institute?was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall?，a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees?.In addition to her research，she has been whole-heartedly?committed to?environmental protection.The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future that is secure ?and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm?foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brickwalls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you，your friends and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile，when you make a dog wagits tail，and when you water a thirstyplant？One cheered-up person，one happy dog，one flowering plant，and you.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and importance of each individual—human，animal or plant.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that：“Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.”You get to choose：Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people，animals and the environment？Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart？Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future？You cannot be absent.
譯文參考
根和芽
大多數(shù)人都患有所謂的“唯我主義”。那是什么？比方說你刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流，外出的時候不關(guān)燈，或者掉了一塊垃圾卻懶得撿起來。你知道所有這些都是錯的，但那又怎樣？“有什么影響嗎？”你對自己說。“世界上有數(shù)百萬人，我只是我。如果我讓一個小水龍頭開著，一盞小燈點著，一小塊垃圾留在路上，那又有什么關(guān)系呢？不管怎樣，沒人會知道的。”當(dāng)然，如果世界上只有幾個人也沒關(guān)系。但想想所有數(shù)百萬人對自己說：“沒關(guān)系。只有我。而且，無論如何，沒人知道?！睌?shù)百萬加侖的水會被浪費掉，數(shù)百萬盞燈會一直亮著，數(shù)百萬塊垃圾會被丟棄，這一切將是非常有害的。
為了鼓勵年輕人對環(huán)境、動物及其社區(qū)采取行動，建立了“根和芽”組織。這個研究所是由世界上最著名的野生黑猩猩專家、科學(xué)家珍·古道爾博士在20世紀(jì)90年代初建立的。除了自己的科研，她還全身心地投入環(huán)保事業(yè)。“根和芽”的全部目的是教育年輕人，從學(xué)前兒童到大學(xué)生，使他們能夠幫助建設(shè)一個安全的未來，并與自然和平共處。
這個組織被稱為“根和芽”，因為樹根在地下緩慢移動以形成堅實的基礎(chǔ)，而嫩枝看起來又小又弱，但它們可以打破磚墻，以達到光明。根和芽是你和你的朋友以及全世界的年輕人。成百上千的根和芽可以解決問題，改變世界，使之成為一個更適合居住的地方。
當(dāng)你讓一個悲傷的人微笑時，你認為你有助于使世界變得更美好嗎？當(dāng)你讓狗搖尾巴的時候？當(dāng)你給干渴的植物澆水時？一個振作起來的人，一只快樂的狗，一棵開花的植物，還有你。這就是“根和芽”的全部意義：每個人、動物或植物的價值和重要性。珍·古道爾博士認為，最重要的是：“每個人都很重要。每個人都有自己的角色。每個人都起重要作用。”你可以選擇：你想用你的生命讓世界變得對人、動物和環(huán)境更美好嗎？你想讓“根和芽”扎根于每個人的心中嗎？你想成為分享未來的社會的一分子嗎？你不可能缺席。


速讀P31教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)
Ⅰ.閱讀判斷
判斷下列句子提供的信息是正確，還是錯誤，還是沒有提及。
1．It doesn't matter to drop a piece of litter.
A．Right.　　　B．Wrong.　　　C．Not mentioned.
2．Roots & Shoots was established to inspire people to take measures to protect the environment.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
3．Jane Goodall is a scientist and expert on wild chimpanzees.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
4．According to the passage，roots can break obstacles to reach light.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
5．Roots & Shoots lays stress on the value of each individual.
A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Not mentioned.
[答案]　1－5　BAABA
Ⅱ.補全信息
選擇正確選項填入空白處，補全所給句子提供的信息。
A．who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees
B．that is secure and live together in peace with nature
C．what is known as “Just-me-ism”
D．while you brush your teeth
E．if there were just a few people in the world
1．Most people suffer from ．
2．Well，say you leave the tap running ．
3．It wouldn't matter ．
4．This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall，a scientist ．
5．The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people，from pre-schoolers to university students，so they can help to build a future ．
[答案]　1－5　CDEAB
Ⅲ.表格填空
ROOTS & SHOOTS
Just-me-ism
Leave the tap 1.running while you brush your teeth；Leave a light 2.on when you go out；Drop a piece of 3.litter but do not pick it up.
The establishment of it
Jane Goodall，who is the best-known expert on wild 4.chimpanzees，set up Roots & Shoots.Its purpose is to educate young people to help to build a 5.future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The 6.reason for its name
Roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm 7.foundation.
Shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the 8.light.
Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it 9.a better place to live in.
What is it about？
The value and importance of each 10.individual—human，animal or plant.


細讀P31教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)
Ⅰ.主旨匹配
1．Part 1 (Para.1)　　　 A．The meaning of its name.
2．Part 2 (Para.2)　 B．What is“Just-me-ism”？
3．Part 3 (Paras.3～4)　　 C．The establishment of Roots
& Shoots.
[答案]　1－3　BCA
Ⅱ.單項選擇
1．According to the passage，which is not a phenomenon about “Just-me-ism”？
A．Leaving the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B．Dropping a piece of litter.
C．Suffering from a disease.
D．Leaving a light on when you go out.
2．According to the passage，Jane Goodall did many things except ．
A．founding Roots & Shoots
B．being committed to environmental protection
C．educating young students
D．researching wild chimpanzees
3．What does Jane Goodall mean by saying “Every individual matters.”？
A．Every person can solve difficult matters.
B．Every person can make a difference to make the world a better place.
C．Every person can found his own organisation.
D．Every person can do their own research.
4．What's the purpose of Roots & Shoots?
A．To educate old people.
B．To educate young people.
C．To educate middle-aged people.
D．To educate children.
[答案]　1－4　CCBB
Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫/概要寫作微技能
A．閱讀課文中含有描述觀點態(tài)度的語句。
1．It's just me.
2．Every individual has a role to play.
3．Every individual makes a difference.
B．判斷下列語句中哪些不是描述觀點態(tài)度的語句。
1．Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”．
2．How can it matter if I leave one little tap running?
3．The roots and shoots are you，your friends...

[答案]　1，3


1．industry n．工業(yè)；生產(chǎn)制造→industrial adj.工業(yè)的
2．balance n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的；均衡的
3．bother vt.使(某人)煩惱(或擔(dān)憂、不安)；給(某人)造成麻煩(或痛苦)；打擾；→bothered adj.擔(dān)心的；煩惱的
4．firm adj.堅實的；穩(wěn)固的→firmly adv.堅實地；穩(wěn)固地
5．involve vt.參與；包含→involved adj.作為一部分；有關(guān)聯(lián)；關(guān)注；關(guān)系密切

firm adj.堅實的；穩(wěn)固的；強硬的；牢固的 n．公司；商號v.使強壯；(股票、物價等)穩(wěn)步上漲
①Bake the cakes until they are firm to the touch.
adj.堅實的；穩(wěn)固的
②A foreign firm has bought the shares in his company. n.公司
③This product claims to firm your body in six weeks. v.使強壯
④We need to take a firm line on tobacco advertising. adj.強硬的
⑤This book will give your students a firm grasp of English grammar. adj.牢固的

Words and Phrases
　 balance n．平衡；天平v.保持平衡；權(quán)衡
(教材P28)　maintaining the balance between human and nature
保持人與自然的平衡
[例1]　I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates.
我穿著新溜冰鞋，努力保持平衡。
[例2]　How long can you balance on one leg?
你單腿能站多久？
[造句]　政府得找到某種方法來平衡這兩種需求。
The government has to find some way to balance these two needs.
[知識拓展]
(1)keep the balance of nature 保持自然界的平衡
a pair of balance 一副天平
be out of balance 失去平衡
lose/keep one's balance 失去/保持平衡
on balance 權(quán)衡之后，總的來說
(2)balanced adj. 保持平衡的；顯示平衡的
(3)balance sth. against sth. 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①We should keep the balance of nature.
②The key is to develop a balanced(balance) and varied program that is fun as well as progressive.
③On balance，we remain cautious about the prospects for US equities.
④You have to balance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
[小片段助記]
On balance, she is one of the best players on the balance beam.To keep her figure, she has a balanced diet in her daily life.At one time, in one competition, she lost her balance and failed in the competition.
　 bothered adj.擔(dān)心的；煩惱的
(教材P30)　Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
丟了垃圾就懶得撿了。
[例1]　I just can't be bothered to look after the house.
我就是不想費事照看這所房子。
[例2]　I couldn't be bothered to go through the rigmarole of changing clothes.
我不想再費事兒換衣服了。
[造句]　我懶得化妝。
I can't be bothered to make up my face.
[知識拓展]
(1)be bothered to do　　 費心做某事
(2)bother vt. 打擾；煩擾
　 n. 麻煩；不便
bother sb.with/about sth. 為某事打擾或麻煩某人
bother about sth. 為某事煩惱
bother to do sth. 特意/特地做某事
have much bother (in) doing sth.
做某事有麻煩/費勁
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①I don't want to bother her with/about my problems at the moment.
②Tourists do not need to bother about transportation and lunch.
③I had no bother (in) finding(find) your house.
　 harmful adj.有害的；可致傷害的
(教材P31)　And all of this would be very harmful.
這一切將是非常有害的。
[例1]　Many household products are potentially harmful.
很多家用產(chǎn)品有潛在的害處。
[例2]　The new drug has proved to have harmful side effects.
這種新藥有副作用。
[造句]　凡是損害公共利益的行為，都應(yīng)該制止。
Any conduct harmful to the public interest must not be permitted.
[知識拓展]
(1)be harmful to...　 對……有害
(2)harm n. 損害，傷害
　 　 vt. 傷害，損害
do sb.harm＝do harm to sb. 對某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事
it does no harm to do sth. 不妨做某事
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①It does no harm to think twice before buying the products advertised by the stars.
②Do you think that work without rest will do harm to your health?
③There is no harm in using(use) the environmentally friendly products.
[小片段助記]
Plastic is harmful to the environment.The harm may not be realised by most people, but it does do harm to us everywhere.
　 be committed to投入；承擔(dān)；致力于；完全旨在
(教材P31)　In addition to her research，she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection.
除了自己的科研，她還全身心地投入環(huán)保事業(yè)。
[例1]　All of us，myself included，have been totally committed to the Party.
我們大家，包括我本人在內(nèi)，一直都對黨絕對忠誠。
[例2]　The government is committed to protecting the interests of tenants.
政府承諾保護租戶們的利益。
[造句]　那位醫(yī)生致力于實用醫(yī)學(xué)。
The doctor was/is committed to practical medicine.
[知識拓展]
commit vt.　 投入，犯(罪)；做(錯事等)；
把……委托于，交付
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.
承諾某人/自己(做)某事
commit sb./oneself to do sth. 承諾某人/自己做某事
commit to... 忠于……，全身心地投入……
commit a crime 犯罪
commit suicide 自殺
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①The President is committed to reforming(reform) health care.
②He committed himself(him) to the study of plants.
[名師點津]
commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“專心致志于……”，to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。
　make a difference 起作用；產(chǎn)生重大影響
(教材P31)　Every individual makes a difference.
每個人都起重要作用。
[例1]　I believed that I can make a difference in this world.
我堅信世界一定會因我而不同。
[例2]　Nothing I say is going to make a difference with you.
我說的話對你來說沒有什么影響。
[造句]　你的支持肯定對我的事業(yè)很有影響。
Your support will certainly make a difference in my cause.
[知識拓展]
make some difference　 有一些影響/關(guān)系
make no difference 沒有影響；無所謂
make any difference 有……區(qū)別
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①It will make no difference(different) whether you go or not.
②Whether it rains or not makes no difference to me.
　involve vt.參與；包含
(教材P31)　It is by acting together，in this exciting way，that we can involve thousands—millions—of people，and this is what is going to change the world.
正是通過共同行動，以這種令人興奮的方式，我們才能讓成千上萬的人參與進來，這將改變世界。
[例1]　The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
考試將包括回答一些關(guān)于一張照片的問題。
[例2]　There was a serious incident involving a group of youths.
有一起涉及一群年輕人的嚴重事件。
[造句]　父母應(yīng)當(dāng)參與孩子的教育。
Parents should involve themselves in their child's education.
[知識拓展]
involve doing sth.　　　 包含/需要做某事
involve sb.in (doing) sth. (使)參加，加入
be/get involved in 參加，參與；專心于
be involved with... 與……關(guān)系密切
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.
②Painting the room involved moving(move) out the piano.
③If I were you，I wouldn't get involved in their problems.
　absent adj.缺席；不在v.缺席
(教材P31)　You cannot be absent.
你不可能缺席。
[例1]　Love was totally absent from his childhood.
他童年時沒有得到絲毫關(guān)愛。
[例2]　He absented himself from the meeting yesterday.
他昨天沒有出席會議。
[造句]　他病了，這是他缺席的原因。
He is ill.That's why he is absent.
[知識拓展]
(1)be absent from...　　 不參加……；缺席……
(2)in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence
某人不在時
absence of mind 心不在焉
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①It was his absence (absent) of mind during driving that resulted in a terrible accident.
②However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
③He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
Sentence Patterns
　 leave...doing...句型
(教材P31)Well，say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth...
比方說你在刷牙的時候讓水嘩嘩地流……
[句式分析]
本句是一個復(fù)合句，句中while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；running是現(xiàn)在分詞，作leave的賓語補足語。
[例1]　Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain.
不要讓她一直在外面雨里等。
[例2]　The news left me wondering what would happen next.
這個消息使我想知道接著會發(fā)生什么事情。
[造句]　他們一起出去了，留下我自己坐在那里。
They went off together and left me sitting there.
[知識拓展]
leave sb./sth.doing(sth.)　　 使某人/物正做(某事)
leave sth.done 讓/使某事被做
leave sb./sth.＋n./adj./adv./介詞短語
使某人/物成為或止于某種狀態(tài)
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①Accidents left the police running(run) from one place to another.
②They laid down the little hero，leaving his face exposed(expose)．
③His parents died，leaving(leave) him an orphan.
　 “make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)
(教材P31)Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place to live in．
成百上千的根和芽可以解決問題，改變世界，使之成為一個更適合居住的地方。
[句式分析]
本句是一個復(fù)合句，make it a better place to live in是“make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處用名詞作賓補；to live in作定語修飾a better place。
[例1]　We made him captain of our football team.
我們推選他作我們足球隊的隊長。
[例2]　If you won't do it willingly，I'll make you do it!
你如果不愿意做那件事，我會強迫你去做！
[造句]　我們選他當(dāng)班長。
We made him our monitor.
[知識拓展]
在“make＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)中除了形容詞可以作賓語補足語外，不定式、過去分詞、介詞短語、名詞或名詞短語都可以作賓語補足語。
[即學(xué)即練]　單句語法填空
①He tries to make his ideas known(know)．
②Though he had often made his little sister cry，today he was made to cry(cry) by his little sister.

教材
高考
1....you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
(2020·江蘇卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
2.And all of this would be very harmful.
(2020·全國卷Ⅰ) These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
3.Every individual makes a difference.
(2020·浙江卷) ...others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
4.It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands—millions—of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
(2020·天津卷) As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow...


Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Every day I am made to have(have) an egg and some milk.
2．Her remarks left me wondering(wonder) her purpose.
3．First，she told them how the student made a difference to her and the class.
4．He committed himself(him) to the cause of modernizing the country's industry.
5．Doctors cannot be bothered to explain(explain) what they do.
6．I believe you know that smoking is harmful(harm) to health.
7．Their missiles are viewed as a defensive and deterrent force.
8．The programme presented a balanced(balance) view of the two sides of the conflict.
9．They were more concerned with how the other women had dressed than in what the speaker was saying.
10．Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn't want to get involved(involve)．
Ⅱ.短語填空
not be bothered to do；take action；all around the world；make a difference；be committed to
1．The sea air has made a difference to her health.
2．I am making new friends with beautiful souls all around the world．
3．The group was committed to achieving its aims through peaceful means.
4．The firemen took action immediately to stop the forest fire spreading.
5．The grass needs cutting but I am not bothered to do it today.
Ⅲ.課文語法填空
Most people suffer from “Just-me-ism”．You leave the tap 1.running(run) while you brush your teeth，leave a light on when you go out and drop a piece of litter 2.but not pick it up，which is 3.harmful(harm) to our world.Jane Goodall，4.who is best-known for wild chimpanzees，set up Roots & Shoots.Its purpose is 5.to educate(educate) young people to help to build a future that is secure and
live together in peace 6.with nature.Roots move 7.slowly(slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation，and shoots seem small and weak，but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems，change the world and make it a better place 8.to live(live) in.Roots & Shoots is all about：the value and 9.importance(important) of each individual—human，animal or plant.Jane Goodall believes that every individual has a role to play and every individual makes a 10.difference(different)．


v．-ing和v.-ed作定語、狀語和補足語
[觀察例句]
1．The experience gained will be of great value and importance for all of us.
2．The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
3．Looking out of the window，I saw a woman walking in the street.
4．Asked why he was late，he cried.
5．We saw them walking across the road.
6．I found my hometown almost completely rebuilt.
[歸納用法]
一、分詞和分詞短語作定語
分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞通常位于其所修飾的名詞之前；有時單個的分詞用作定語也可以放在所修飾的名詞之后，這多半是因為該名詞或代詞不適合作前置定語，或者為了動作的暫時性。如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
分詞作定語時，被分詞所修飾的名詞就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而過去分詞則表示被動關(guān)系，所表示的動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。
We didn't reach any agreement on the problem discussed.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
He likes to drink cold boiled water.
The man sitting in the corner is my brother.(＝The man who is sitting in the corner is my brother.)
[即學(xué)即練1]　單句語法填空
①We can see the part of the moon lighted(light) by sunlight.
②Most of the people invited(invite) to the party did not come.
③The people working(work) with me treat me like their friend.
④Do you know the teacher talking(talk) with the students?
二、分詞和分詞短語作狀語
分詞作狀語表時間、原因、方式和伴隨狀況。
Heated，the metal expands.(＝When it is heated，the metal expands.)
Being a teacher，I must work hard.
She stood there，waiting for a bus.
He came in，followed by a group of students.
[名師點津]
generally/frankly/strictly speaking，considering，judging by/from，supposing，taking everything into account，concerning，compared to/with等作獨立成分，用來解釋整句話，當(dāng)固定短語用。
Generally speaking，houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.
Judging from your accent，you must be from Scotland.
Supposing we lose，what shall we do?
They had a heated discussion concerning certain problems.
Compared to you，I'm old.
Considering his age，he is unfit for the job.
[即學(xué)即練2]　單句語法填空
①Accompanied(accompany) by his friend，he went to the railway station.
②Given(give) better attention，the plants could grow better.
③We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，thinking(think) that all children like these things.
④Hearing(hear) the news，tears came into his eyes.
三、分詞和分詞短語作賓補
當(dāng)賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當(dāng)賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞。
We saw him talking to her.(正在進行)
She kept us waiting here for an hour.(一直處于某種狀態(tài))
感官動詞feel，listen to，hear，see，look at，watch，notice等后面的賓語與作賓補的非謂語動詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞作賓補。
I saw him beaten by Tom.(him與beaten是被動關(guān)系)
We heard them singing downstairs.(them與singing是主動關(guān)系)
變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，除主語和賓語互換位置外，分詞不動。
They were seen walking across the road.
The children were heard singing songs.
[即學(xué)即練3]　單句語法填空
①They shut the door and left the fire burning(burn)．
②He watched the balloon blown(blow) away.

Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken(take) good care of at home.
2．Annie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.
3．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till I was asleep.
4．When we got a call saying(say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.
5．The sports meet held(hold) last week is of great importance.
6．He raised his voice in order to make himself heard(hear)．
Ⅱ.短文語法填空
A cook was caught 1.smoking(smoke) red-handed and the owner of the restaurant made him hit on road immediately.With so many staff 2.looking (look) at him，he felt very embarrassed.His colleagues found it right for him 3.to be punished(punish)，because the 4.lighted(light) cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant to catch fire.The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance.The owner eventually had him apologize and got him 5.fined(fine)．The cook was allowed to remain.Now，he is seen 6.mopping(mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers 7.passing(pass) him.He reminded them to mind the sign，8.reading(read) “NO SMOKING ！” I hear a voice in my heart 9.saying(say) “respect yourself and you will feel 10.valued(value)”．