?Unit8 Topic talk & Lesson1

1．industrialadj．工業(yè)的→industryn．[U]工業(yè)；[C]行業(yè)
2．extinctionn．[U]滅絕，消亡→extinctadj．已滅絕的，絕種的
3．solutionn．[C]解決辦法→solvevt. 解決，處理；解答，破解
4．recyclevt．& vi．再利用，回收利用→recyclingn．[U]回收利用→recyclable adj．可回收利用的
5．balancen．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balancedadj．保持（或顯示）平衡的
6．shootn．[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝vt. & vi.射擊；射門，投籃；拍攝→shotn．[C]射擊，槍聲；射門，投籃；照片；鏡頭；[C,usually sing.]嘗試，努力→shootingn.[C]槍擊；[U](電影的)拍攝
7．botheredadj．擔心的；煩惱的→bothervi.花費時間精力（做某事）vt. 使（某人）煩惱，給（某人）造成麻煩n. [U]麻煩；[sing.]令人煩惱的情況（或事物、人）
8．foundationn．[C,U]基礎→foundvt. 建立
9．involvevt．參與；包含→involvementn．[U]參與，加入→involvedadj．參與，有關聯(lián)

重點單詞與短語精析
★課標詞▲高頻詞
★▲1.solution
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1)solution n.[C]解決辦法，處理手段；答案，謎底(常與介詞to搭配)
a solution to...……的解決辦法/答案/謎底
come up with/find/seek a solution想出/找到/尋找解決方法
?U.N. leaders are working hard to find a peaceful solution to the conflict.
聯(lián)合國領導人正在努力尋找和平解決沖突的辦法。
(2) solve vt. 解決，處理；解答，破解
?She tried her best to solve the problem. 她盡了最大的努力解決這個問題。
(3)常與介詞to連用的其他名詞及其搭配：
the key to... ……的關鍵 the way to... 去……的路 the answer to ... ……的答案
the entrance to...……的入口 the approach to...……的方式/方法
【練習】語法填空
①—We need to keep working and find asolution to the problem as soon as possible.
—I couldn’t agree more.
②(2018·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解七選五改編)Whatever you’re looking for, color isthe key to making (make)a room feelthe way you want it to feel.
③(浙江高考單項填空改編) Facing up toyour problems rather than running away fromthem is the best approach to working (work)things out.

★▲2.transport
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1)n. [U](BrE)交通運輸系統(tǒng)；交通車輛。運輸工具。在美式英語中，通常用 transportation。
air / road transport空運/陸運 public transport公共交通，公交車輛
(2)vt.運輸，運送；使產(chǎn)生身臨其境的感覺
transport...(from...)to... 把……(從……)運到……
?A special bus transported the tourists from the airport to a hotel. 一輛專車把游客們從機場送到一家旅館。
【練習】完成句子：科幻小說能夠把你帶到另一個世界或者幫你想象出你沒有經(jīng)歷過的事情。
Science fiction cantransport you toanother world or help you imaginesomething beyond your own experience.

[高頻短語]3.live a (n) . . . life
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1) live a(n)...life意為“過著……的生活”，其中l(wèi)ife為動詞live的同源賓語，該短語相當于leada(n)...life。
?She lives a very peaceful life.她過著十分寧靜的生活。
(2)live, smile, dream, sleep, laugh, breathe, die后邊可以跟與這些動詞同根的名詞作賓語，這種賓語叫作同源賓語。
dream a sweet dream 做了個美夢 sleep a sound sleep 好好睡了一覺
breathe a deep breath深呼吸 laugh a merry laugh 開心一笑
fight a good fight 打了漂亮的一仗 smile a sweet smile露出甜美的笑容
【練習】單句寫作：只有努力工作，我們才能過上幸福的生活。
Only by working hard can we live a happy life.

★▲4. balance
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1)n. [U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力
keep a balance between...and...保持……與……之間的平衡
keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡
?He tries to keep a balance between home life and his career. 他力圖保持家庭生活和事業(yè)的平衡。
(2)vt. & vi. 使保持平衡；相抵，抵消vt.權衡重要性，比較
balance...against... 權衡……與……
?You have to balance the advantages against of disadvantages of doing so.你必須權衡這樣做的利弊。
(3)balanced adj.保持（或顯示）平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的飲食
【練習】1.語法填空
（2020·四川成都開學考）As is known to all , a balanced (balance) diet and moderate(適度的) exercise every
day are beneficial to health .
2.完成句子
①（天津高考單項填空改編）你工作太努力了。你最好在工作和休閑之間保持平衡。
You are working too hard. You’d better keep a balance between work and relaxation .
②在結滿冰的街道上保持平衡不容易。
It’s not easy to keep your balance on an icy street.
③剛才我騎自行車的時候失去了平衡，掉了下來。
While I was riding my bike, I lost my balance and fell down just now.

★5. bother
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1)vi.花費時間精力（做某事）。常用于否定句和疑問句中。
bother doing sth./to do sth. 費心做某事
bother about/with sth.為某事費心/花費時間精力
can’t be bothered(to do sth.)不想花時間精力（做某事）
Why bother(…)?干嘛要費事（……）?
?He didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming.他甚至都沒通知我他要來。
?The grass needs cutting but I can’t be bothered to do it today. 草得剪一剪了，但我今天懶得去做。
?Why bother asking if you’re not really interested?如果你不是真的感興趣，干嗎要費口舌打聽呢？
(2)vt.使（某人）煩惱，給（某人）造成麻煩
bother sb.(about/with.)(拿某事）煩擾某人
It bothers sb.to do sth./that...做某事/……使某人煩惱。
?I don’t want to bother my parents.我不想讓父母為我的功課煩惱。
?It bothered Tom greatly that he had failed his driving test.駕照考試不及格讓湯姆很煩惱。
(3)n.[U]麻煩；[sing.]令人煩惱的情況（或事物、人）
?I don’t want to put you to any bother.我不想給你添任何亂子。
?You are so busy that I do hope I haven’t been a bother.你那么忙，我真的希望我沒有煩擾到你。
【練習】完成句子
①He can’tbebotheredtosayhello.他連打聲招呼都不肯。
②Don’t botherhimwith/aboutit now; he’s very busy.現(xiàn)在不要拿這個去打擾他，他很忙。
③You needn’tbotherto come up.你不必費心來了。

★▲6. shoot
【用法歸納】
(1)n. [C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝
(2)vt. & vi.射擊；射門，投籃；拍攝（shoot 作動詞時，過去式和過去分詞均為shot）
shoot at…朝……射擊
?The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again.這個新兵瞄準靶子射擊，但又沒有射中。
(3)shot n.[C]射擊，槍聲；射門，投籃；照片；鏡頭；[C,usually sing.]嘗試，努力
shootingn.[C]槍擊；[U](電影的)拍攝
【練習】判斷下列句子中shoot的詞性及含義
①Life of Pi《少年派》shot by Ang Lee and his team iswidely recognized as a best movie.v.拍攝
②I think it’s cruel of them to shoot theanimals.v.射殺
③The basketball player shot the last goal.v.投籃
④Bamboo shoots are eaten as a popular dishbecause of the crispness(脆嫩) andfresh, sweet taste.n.嫩芽

[高頻短語]7. take action
【用法歸納與拓展】take action意為“采取行動”。其中action前沒有冠詞，但可用quick(快的), swift(迅速的),active(積極的),immediate(立刻的)等形容詞對其進行修飾。
take action to do sth.采取行動做某事
【練習】單句寫作：收到這一消息后，當?shù)卣⒓床扇⌒袆幼柚辜膊÷印?br /> On receiving the news thegovernment take immediate action to stopthe disease spreading.

8.committed
【用法歸納與拓展】committed adj.盡心盡力的；堅信的，堅定的
be committed to(doing)sth.致力于（做）某事；對（做）某事很堅定
?Mr Li is a committed teacher, who is very popular among students.李老師是一位盡職盡責的老師，很受學生歡迎。
?Weare fullycommitted to equal opportunity policies.我們完全支持機會均等政策。
(1)commit vt.承諾，保證；做出（錯事），犯（罪）；自殺
commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承諾（做）某事
commit a crime/a mistake犯罪/犯錯誤
commit suicide自殺
(2)commitment n.[C,U]許諾, 承諾；[U](對工作或某活動)獻身，奉獻，投入；[C,U](資金、時間、人力的)花費，使用
make a commitment to sb./sth.對某人/某物作出承諾
make a commitment to do/doing sth.保證/承諾做某事
carry out one’s commitment 履行某人的承諾
【練習】語法填空
①We will remaincommitted(commit) to thepath of peaceful development and shouldermore international responsibilities.
②(江蘇高考完形填空改編) But hequickly found that he loved playing thisinstrument(樂器),and was committed topracticing(practice) it so that within acouple of months he was playingreasonably well.
③The President made a commitment(commit)to the nation that he would struggle forlower taxes and improve health care aftertaking office.

★9. absent adj.缺席，不在；心不在焉的；不存在，缺少
【用法歸納與拓展】
be absent from... 缺席……；缺少……
?John has been absent from school for three days. 約翰已經(jīng)三天沒上學了。

[語境串記]
Our monitor was absent from school today, and his absence was due to a high fever. Inhis absence, Mr White started a new chapter.我們的班長今天沒來上課，他缺席是因為發(fā)高燒了。他不在時，懷特老師開始講新一章的內容了。
【練習】語法填空
①(2020·吉林長春開學考) Concernedabout the student, the teacher called hisparents to find out why he was absent from class.
②I’m sorry for myabsence(absent) fromyour birthday party yesterday. I waswriting an essay to be handed intoday.

★▲10.involve
【用法歸納與拓展】
(1)vt.(使) 參加，加入；牽連，牽涉
involve sb.in(doing)sth.使某人參加某活動/參與（做）某事/把某人卷入某事中
?We should try to involve every child in the game.我們應該盡量讓每一個孩子都參加這個游戲。
(2)vt. 包括，需要
involve doing sth. 包括做某事，需要做某事
?Your work involves cleaning the room. 你的工作包括打掃這個房間。
(3)involvement n.[U]參與，加入
(4)involved adj.參與，有關聯(lián)
be involved in...參與……，與……有關聯(lián) be involved in doing sth 專心做某事
?We need to consider all the costs involved in the project first.我們首先需要考慮所有與這一項目有關的費用。
【練習】語法填空
①We are proud that some students in our school are involved in the making of the amazing video. *[參與]
①He was involved in working out a plan. *[專心做某事]
②Don’t involve me in solving (solve) your problem. 把某人卷入某事中

短語鞏固
讓水龍頭一直流水leave the tap running 撿起垃圾pick up litter
例如for instance 公共交通 public transport
提升我們的環(huán)保意識increase our awareness of environment
回收舊電池 recycle used batteries 過著低碳生活 live a low-carbon life
與自然和諧相處 live in harmony with nature
維持人與自然之間的平衡maintain the balance between human and nature
盡自己所能做某事 do my part for sth. 與……作斗爭 fight against
似乎 as if 懶得做某事 not be bothered to do sth.
以自我為中心 just-me-ism 遭受 suffer from
那又怎樣 so what 對……有作用，有影響make a difference to
鼓勵年輕人采取行動inspire young people to take action
建立set up 除了...以外（還）in addition to
致力于……be committed to ……的目的 the purpose of
與自然和平相處live together in peace with nature 打下堅實的基礎make a firm foundation
全世界 all around the world 為……做貢獻make a contribution to
從……的角度看 from the perspective of 對……有負面影響have negative effects on
事實上in fact 擔心 be/become concerned about
處理deal with

重點句型分析
1.not to leave the tap running不要讓水龍頭一直流水
【考點提煉】“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結構
在“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結構中，leave作使役動詞，表示“讓……處于（某種狀態(tài)、某地等）”。
“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓補”結構的形式有：
(1)leave+賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
?His illness has left him very weak.生病使他很虛弱。
?It’s cruel of him to leave the poor beggar outside.把這個可憐的乞丐留在外面，他太殘忍了。
?I can’t find my purse. I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.
我找不到我的錢包了。也許我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不確定。
(2)leave+賓語+名詞（多表示一種結果）
?His parents died two years ago, leaving him an orphan.他的父母兩年前去世了，使他成了孤兒。
(3)leave+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動及動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，其中賓語與構成賓補的動詞之間形成邏輯上的主謂關系）
?Kate’s sudden leaving left us all wondering what was going to happen.
凱特的突然離去使我們大家都想知道將要發(fā)生什么事。
(4)leave+賓語+過去分詞(過去分詞表示被動或動作的完成，其中賓語與構成賓補的動詞之間形成邏輯上的動賓關系)
?The bad weather left the project half finished.糟糕的天氣使工程只完成了一半。
【練習】1.語法填空
①Qi Baishi’s style of painting often leavesthe audienceguessing (guess) andmakes them use their imagination.
②Firefighters put out the fire, which leftthe kitchen damaged (damage) and theoven(烤箱) completelydestroyed (destroy).
2.單句寫作
他把鑰匙忘在了辦公室。He left his keys in the office .（leave）

2.What would happen if everybody did the same things?如果每個人做同樣的事情，將會發(fā)生什么？
【句型分析】本句使用了虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，故if引導的虛擬條件句謂語用了過去式，主句謂語用了“would+動詞原形”。
【考點提煉】虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法
不同虛擬條件下，虛擬條件句的主、從句謂語形式一覽表：
類型
從句
主句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反
If＋主語＋did(be動詞用were)
主語＋＋do
與過去事實相反
If＋主語＋had done
主語＋
與將來事實相反

did
If + 主語 + were to + do
should + do
主語＋＋do

?If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.(與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
如果我是一只小鳥，我愿在天空中飛翔。
?If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination yesterday.(與過去事實相反)
如果你聽從了我的建議，你就不會在昨天的考試中失利了。
?If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go there.(與將來事實相反)
如果明天下雨，我們就不去那里。
【練習】語法填空
①If he had not been addicted to thecellphone when walking, he wouldn’thave been(be) hit by a car.
②(2020·江蘇七市聯(lián)考)— Ted has neverbeen so rude !
—You wouldn’t have been so angry if hehad made(make) an apology for it, but Iguess he didn’t mean to.
③If I had the chance, Iwould could/ should/ might start(start)abusiness that would benefit my classmatesat my university.
④If Iwere(be) you, I wouldmore attention to English idioms and phrases.

語法
動詞－ing和－ed形式
思維導圖


【挖教材·語法示例】用括號內詞的適當形式完成下面教材中的句子并體會它們的語法特征
1. Well, say you leave the tap running (run) while you brushyour teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a pieceof litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up.
2. But just think of all the millions of people saying (say)tothemselves：“It doesn’t matter...”
3. One cheered-up person, one happy dog,one flowering (flower)plant, and you.
4. Do you want to make roots Shoots rooted (root) everyone’s heart?

分詞的用法
【考點一】分詞的基本形式
分詞具有動詞的特征，同時又有形容詞和副詞的特征，因而它在句中可以作定語、狀語、賓語補足語和表語等。
過去分詞沒有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但現(xiàn)在分詞有，具體見下表：
現(xiàn)在分詞形式
主動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done

?Hearing the good news, they burst into cheers.聽到這個好消息，他們歡呼了起來。
?Being talked to, you should look into the eyes of the person. 有人和你說話時，你應該看著那個人的眼睛。
?Having told him the answer several times, I didn’t know whetherhe could understand.
盡管已經(jīng)告訴他答案好幾次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
?Having been told the answer several times, he still couldn’t answer the question.
盡管已經(jīng)告訴過他答案好幾次了，但他仍然答不出這個問題。
?Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.她受了重傷，必須立即送往醫(yī)院。

【考點二】分詞作定語
1.分詞作定語的基本用法
一般來說，若分詞與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；若分詞與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，則用過去分詞作定語。分詞作定語時可以轉換成定語從句。
?The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father. =The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.
正在和我們的校長談話的男人是湯姆的爸爸。
情況
形式
意義
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語
doing
表示主動、動作正在進行或現(xiàn)在(當時)的狀態(tài)。
?They lived in a room facing south. 他們住在一個朝南的房間里。
being done
表示被動且動作正在進行。
?The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.
會上正在討論的問題非常重要。
過去分詞作定語
done
表示被動、動作已完成。
?The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.
會上討論過的問題非常重要。

特別提醒
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動作已完成，不表示被動意義；及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，表示被動意義或已完成的被動動作。
1.只表示完成
the fallen leaves落葉(=the leaves that have fallen落葉) the risen sun升起的太陽
2.只表示被動
an honoured guest一位貴賓 a deeply respected teacher一位深受尊敬的老師
3.表示被動和完成
a broken glass碎了的玻璃杯 the question discussed yesterday昨天討論過的問題


2.分詞作定語的位置
單個分詞作定語時通常前置(也有后置的情況)，分詞短語作定語時通常后置，可轉化為定語從句。作前置定語的現(xiàn)在分詞多數(shù)已經(jīng)形容詞化。
?Abarking dog seldom bites.吠犬不咬人。
?Will the people sitting at the back(= Will the people who/thatare sitting at the back) keep quiet, please?
坐在后面的人請保持安靜，好嗎?
?The building being built(= The building which is being built) now will be our dining hall.
現(xiàn)在正在建的那棟建筑將會是我們的食堂。
3.形容詞化的分詞
英語中某些動詞的分詞形式已經(jīng)形容詞化。一般來說，形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人……的”，形容詞化的過去分詞表示“感到……的”。
exciting令人激動的 excited激動的 frightening駭人的 frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的 tiring令人困倦的 tired困倦的

【考點三】分詞作狀語
一般情況下，作狀語的分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。若分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語；若分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，則用過去分詞作狀語。
1.分詞(短語)作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等，也可以擴展為相應的狀語從句或者改寫為并列成分?？梢灾糜诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠?，一般要用逗號同其他成分隔開。
功能
用法及例句
時間狀語
可轉換為when,while等引導的時間狀語從句。
?Hearing the noise(＝When I heard the noise), I turned around.聽到響聲我轉過身去。
?Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seenfrom the top of the hill), the city looks like a big garden.
從山頂上看，這個城市像一個大花園。
原因狀語
可轉換為as, since, because等引導的原因狀語從句
?Being poor(＝Because he was poor), he couldn’t afford a TV set.由于貧窮，他買不起電視機。
?Frightened by the noise in the night(= Because shewas frightened by the noise in the night),the little
girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room.小姑娘被夜里的響聲嚇壞了，不敢在她的房間里睡覺。
條件狀語
可轉換為if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句。
?Working hard(＝If you work hard), you’ll certainly succeed.只要努力學習，你肯定會成功的。
?Given another chance(= If he is given anotherchance), he will do it better.
如果再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
讓步狀語
可轉換為 although, though, even if, even though等引導的讓步狀語從句。
?Knowing where I live(=Though he knows where I live), he never comes to see me.
盡管他知道我住在哪兒，但他從不來看我。
?Wounded(=Though he was wounded), the bravesoldier continued to fight.
盡管受了傷，但這名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士繼續(xù)作戰(zhàn)。
伴隨狀語、方式狀語
作伴隨狀語或方式狀語的分詞沒有對應的狀語從句，但常可改寫為并列成分。
?Mary sat at the table, writing an article in English(= and wrote an article in English).
瑪麗坐在桌子旁，用英語寫文章。
?He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog.
他在森林里慢慢地走著，后面跟著一條狗。(伴隨狀語)

特別提醒
當現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語時，其邏輯主語可以是句子的主語，也可以是前面的整個句子；若情況為后者時，現(xiàn)在分詞可以轉化為非限制性定語從句。
?The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary (= which made airconditioning unnecessary).冷風吹過我們臥室的窗戶，沒有必要開空調。( making air conditioning unnecessary
的邏輯主語是前面的句子)


2.有時分詞可以與連詞連用，可看作狀語從句的省略。常見的連詞有 while,when,once,if, though, although, even if,eventhough, unless,than,as等。
?Even if invited, I won’t attend the evening party.即使被邀請，我也不會去參加那個晚會。
?While waiting for the bus, he met Mary.等公共汽車時，他遇到了瑪麗。

3.某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，這些過去分詞作狀語時，既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如lost(迷路的), seated(坐著的), hidden(隱藏的), lost/absorbedin(沉溺于), dressed in(穿著……的), tired of(對……感到厭倦的)等。
?Absorbed in the book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 他全神貫注地看書，沒有注意到我進了房間。

4.分詞作狀語時，在少數(shù)情況下，其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，分詞用來修飾全句。如: considering...(鑒于,考慮到…); generally speaking(一般說來); judging by/from...(從……來看,依據(jù)……來判斷); supposing that...(假定……); owing to…(由于……); speaking of...(談及……); providing/ provided that...(假定……); given...(考慮到……)等。
?Judging from her accent, she must come from Fuiian province.聽她的口音，她肯定來自福建省。
?Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job forher.考慮到她喜歡孩子，教書看來是適合她的工作。

【考點四】分詞作賓語補足語
分詞作賓補時，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的主動意義，過去分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成的被動意義。
現(xiàn)在分詞
表示主動、動作正在進行，賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者。
?I heard her singing an English song when I passedby her room yesterday.
昨天我經(jīng)過她的房間時，聽到她正在唱一首英語歌曲。
過去分詞
表示被動、動作已完成，賓語是過去分詞所表示動作的承受者。
?I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。

分詞作賓語補足語時常用于以下兩種情況：
1.位于感官動詞后，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等。
?We saw the teacher doing the experiment.我們看到老師在做實驗。
?I heard someone knocking at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。
?He heard his name called.他聽見有人叫他的名字。
?She saw the thief caught by policemen.她看見小偷被警察抓住了。

2.位于使役動詞后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。
?They had the light burning all night.他們整夜亮著燈。
?I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.很抱歉讓你久等了。
?Many young people have their hair coloured.許多年輕人把他們的頭發(fā)染了顏色。
?She still couldn’t make herself understood in English.她依然不能用英語表達出自己的意思。

特別提醒
make后的賓補不能用現(xiàn)在分詞。
?He raised his voice to make himselfheard.他提高了嗓門，以便讓別人聽到他的聲音。


【考點五】分詞作表語
1.分詞作表語時，現(xiàn)在分詞往往表示主語所具有的特征，過去分詞往往表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況。
?The result of the accident is shocking.這一事故的后果令人震驚。
?The argument is very convincing.這一論據(jù)很有說服力。
?He seemed quite delighted at the news.聽到這個消息他似乎很高興。
?I am pleased with the result of the experiment.我對實驗結果很滿意。

2.有些作表語的分詞可看作形容詞，比如 exciting, interesting,disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, inviting(吸引人的), charming(迷人的), delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, interested, tired, satisfied, excited, pleased, broken 等。
?What he said was encouraging.他說的話令人振奮。
?We were encouraged by what he said.他的話使我們深受鼓舞。

3.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別

區(qū)別
過去分詞
作表語
強調主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)。
?Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那個玻璃杯，因為它破了。(表示主語所處的狀態(tài))
被動語態(tài)
表示主語是動作的承受者，強調動作本身，后面常跟by短語。
?The cup was broken by Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(強調“打破”的動作)

總結
動詞－ing形式是非謂語動詞的一種形式，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種。動名詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語；現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語、賓語補足語、表語和定語。
動詞－ed形式是非謂語動詞的一種形式，表示被動和完成，在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。

鞏固練習
A 基礎練｜知識鞏固｜建議時間：30 mins
一、單詞拼寫(用本部分所學單詞)
Topic Talk
1. The movie was so sad. I finished it using up a box oftissues.I was in tears.
2. Generally Andrew uses public transportbut on occasion hedrives to his workplace.
3. No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.
4.(2020·江蘇南京檢測) Manual workers can be releasedfrom tiring and repetitive tasks on the production line by industrial(工業(yè)的) robots.*解析[工業(yè)機器人可以使體力勞動者從生產(chǎn)線上繁重的工作中解脫出來]
5.(2020·天津靜海區(qū)期末) As global warming increases,the Earth will become less suitable to live on and manyspecies will faceextinction(滅絕).
6. In recent years, we have suffered from the heavy smog (霧霾) weather, which has done great harm to our daily life.
7.(2020·江蘇無錫檢測) The cultural factor is by no means to be neglected when we try to create aglobal(全球的) brand. *[解析]在我們努力打造全球品牌的過程中，文化因素是不容忽視的。
8.(2020·江蘇南通檢測) Undoubtedly, the more petrol(汽油) andelectricity (電) we consume, the more carbon dioxide we release. *[解析]毫無疑問，我們消耗的汽油和電力越多，釋放的二氧化碳就越多。
9. It is common practice that all rubbish is to be classified before it isrecycled(回收利用).
10. The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the bestsolution(解決方法).

Lesson1
1. The coming New Year signals the approach of spring, whengrass and trees start to produce new shoots.
2. It is universally acknowledged that reading lays a solidfoundationfor further learning.
3. As everybody knows, vocabulary is an important part oflanguage, just likebricks(磚) in a building.
4. Many people hold acommitted(堅定的) belief that the curefor cancer will be found one day.
5. Who would you like to recommend as chairman of ourresearchinstitute(研究院)?
6. Learning English means more than memorizing a lot ofwords.Itinvolves(包括) a large amount of reading aswell.

二、語法填空。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Topic Talk
1.(2020·江蘇泰州期末) His speech about how to live in harmonywiththe wild animals was very impressive, leaving the audiencelost(lose) in thought.
2. We drove to the airport the next morning to pickupSusan.
3. The whole nation is struggling to work out an inexpensive yet effective solutionto smog.
4. We can save our planet through many other ways, such as saving water and usingrecycled (recycle) paper.
5. Global warming is such a great threat that all the options deserved exploring/to be explored(explore).
6. He went away without saying anything, leaving usstanding(stand)outside.
7. I wonder if/whetheryou could put up these boys for the night as all the hotels are full.
8. Replacing some of the fats in your diet with vegetables can provide abalanced(balance) diet.

Lesson1
1. Jim is absent from the party for his serious injury in the football game.
2.(2020·江蘇無錫期末) Prevention of COVID-19 is a universal problem, which means that people all over the world should get involved .
3.(2020·上海金山區(qū)期末) Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, whose effects people are still suffering from .
4.Concerned about these wild animals, people set up reserves to protect them, especially the endangered species.
5.(2020·北京二中期末) Helen had to shout to make herself heard (hear)above the sound of the music.
6. Parents should involve themselves in their children’s education.
7. His long absence from work raised concerns about his safety.
8. Volunteering is pleasant and there is so much more I could do if I had (have) the time.

三、完成句子
Topic Talk
1.一旦你養(yǎng)成了一個壞習慣，改掉它是很難的。
Once you have picked up a bad habit, it is very difficult to get rid of it. (pick up)
2.他昨晚熬夜看電影。難怪他今天這么困。
He stayed up late to watch the movie last night.No wonder he is so sleepy(wonder).
3.所以，如果一個人從失敗中吸取教訓，失敗可以幫助他過上更幸福的生活。
Failure can help a person to live a happier life if he draws some lessons from it.(live)

Lesson1
1.(2020·江蘇揚州調研)——我們的校園網(wǎng)怎么了？
——我不知道。我的電腦有幾天沒聯(lián)網(wǎng)了。
—What’s the matter with our school network?
—I don’t know. My computer hasn't been linked to theInternet for a few days.( the matter)
2.這些年輕人呼吁社區(qū)居民采取行動減少浪費。
These young people call on residents in the communityto take action to reduce waste(take action).
3.除了健康的飲食,你還需要經(jīng)常鍛煉來減肥。
In addition to a healthy diet, you also need regular exercise to loseweight. (in addition to)
4.自2000年以來，這個國家一直致力于改善空氣質量。
The country has been committed to improving its air quality since 2000.(committed)
5.綠化我們城市的目的是使我們的城市生活更舒適。
The aim of greening our city isto make it more comfortable to live in.(make+賓語+賓補)
6.我知道我不應該經(jīng)常在外面吃飯，但我就是懶得自己做飯。
I know I should not eat out too often, butI just can’t be bothered to cook for myself.(bother)

B 語法練｜專項突破｜建議時間：25 mins
一、用適當?shù)脑~填空
1.(2019·天津單項填空改編) Most colleges now offer first-year students a speciallydesigned(design)to help them succeed academically and personally. *[解析]現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)大學都為一年級的學生提供一個專門設計的課程，幫助他們在學業(yè)和個人方面取得成功。
2. When he woke up, he found himself lying in the hospital and being looked(look) after by an old woman.
3. I love Chinese classical poetry because it has a certain rhyme(押韻) and is written in simple language, making(make) it easy to learned and recite.
4. Whenasked (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
5. Will you feel nervous andfrightened(frighten) when you arrive at a place that you are unfamiliar with?
6. Founded(found )in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
7. I looked up and noticed a snakewinding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. [一條蛇蜿蜒著爬上樹去吃早飯]
8.(2018·北京單項填空改編) Ordinary soap, used(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria(細菌) effectively.
9. Clearly and thoughtfullywritten (write), the bookinspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
10. While walking (walk) along the street, I heard my name called (call)．
11.(2020·福建漳州開學考) What I dislike isgetting(get)up too early.
12. Though it was midnight, she found her daughtersitting(sit)at the desk, completelyabsorbed(absorb) in herhomework.
13. People read newspapers and magazines to keep themselvesinformed(inform) of what is going on in the world outside.
14. He was quiteexcited(excite)at the newsannounced(announce) by his class teacher.
15.(2020·天津名校模擬) Generallyspeaking(speak), John has done a good job, but even so, he seems to lack confidence.

二、結合分詞的用法改寫下列句子。
1. The sun shines brightly in the sky, and gives us light and heat.
The sun shines brightly in the sky, giving us light and heat.
2. Although his father worked from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
Working from morning till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
3. As he was absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching(傍晚來臨).
Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching
4. After he had worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
5. The witness(目擊者) who was questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
The witnessquestioned by the police just nowgave very different descriptions of the fight.

二、語法填空。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入括號內詞的正確形式。
The Tang Dynasty is known famous poets, one of whom is Du Fu (712-770). As a young man, he traveled a lot and
1 (show) a great interest in many different things, such as paintings, music, and of course poetry—writing 2
(include). But during his lifetime he never 3 (become) famous; in fact, he thought of himself as a failure. It as only
in the 11th century that his poetic(詩歌的) genius 4 (recognize). Nowadays he 5 ( call )“the mirror of his time”because his poems paint a realistic picture of the problems of his age. These include the sufferings of the poor, the corruption(腐敗) of the rich, and the unfairness of the society at that time.
Another famous poet, Li Bai, 6 ( grow )up in Sichuan. 7 (compare) with the other young men of his time in the Civil Service Examination, he was not so 8 (success). So he began a life of travel and poetry, 9 (produce) more than a thousand poems. Nature, friendship, wine and the human condition are his favorite subjects. It is said that he drowned when 10 (try)to take hold of the reflection of the moon in the river.
1.showed 2.included 3.became 4.was recognized 5.is called6.grew 7.Compared 8.successful 9.producing 10.trying

C｜綜合練｜能力提升｜建議時間：7mins
課文語法填空。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Suffering from“Just-me-ism”，some people pay little attention to the environment：they leave the tap 1.running (run) while brushing the 2.teeth ( tooth), leave a light on when being out or even they drop a piece of litter and can’t be bothered to pick it up. Though they know that all those things are wrong, they think little of it. To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots 3.was established (establish). This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall, 4.an expert on wild chimpanzees.
The whole purpose of Roots Shoots is 5. to educate (educate) young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature. The reason 6.why it is called Roots Shoots is that roots move 7.slowly (slow )under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.
In fact, even the little thing you do every day can make a difference 8.to the environment. For example, you can make the world a 9.better (good) place when you make a sad person smile, make a dog wag its tail, and water a thirsty plant. Just as Dr. Jane Goodall believes, every individual has a role to play and every individual makes a difference. To make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment, it’s our duty to make Roots Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart. All of 10.us (we) should be a part of a community for a shared future.

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高中英語北師大版 (2019)必修 第三冊電子課本

Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots

版本： 北師大版 (2019)

年級： 必修 第三冊

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