?專題05 生態(tài)環(huán)保類
序號
內(nèi)容
Part 1
題型總覽
題型綜述 技巧點撥 讀相關詞
Part 2
真題感悟
真題詳解 強重難詞 析長難句..
Part 3
專題強化
真題自測 新題模擬




Part 1題型總覽
【題型綜述】
“生態(tài)環(huán)?！笔瞧胀ǜ咧杏⒄Z課程標準話題之一，亦是高考英語?？荚掝}。本話題包括動植物保護、生態(tài)保護、自然災害、環(huán)境污染和保護等方面。這些話題與學生的生活息息相關，聯(lián)系密切。通過對這些話題的學習以及高考英語對這些話題的考查，可以讓學生多注意身邊的人和事、關注社會環(huán)境、樹立環(huán)保意識、學會與大自然和諧相處。
【技巧點撥】
1. 運用語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，概括全文主旨大意，明晰寫作意圖。在閱讀時，首先用略讀法快速瀏覽每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本結(jié)構(gòu)，然后根據(jù)作者謀篇布局的邏輯線索歸納主旨大意。如果文章中含有標題、副標題、圖片等，在概括全文主旨大意和寫作目的時需要重點考慮。根據(jù)英語說明文思維模式特征，作者一般都會開門見山，直奔主題。結(jié)尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并與導語相呼應。因此在做主旨大意、寫作意圖和最佳標題等題目時，需要重點關注首尾段落里面高頻復現(xiàn)的詞匯和內(nèi)容。導語、主體和結(jié)尾是有機整體，解題時要綜合起來進行判斷。
2.利用文中語境線索分析長難句，進行邏輯推理判斷。
? ? ? ?在閱讀解題時，第一步可以瀏覽全文，掌握中心大意。第二步可以根據(jù)題干要求，用查讀法（scanning）再快速定位到相關段落。第三步可以重點搜索段內(nèi)的標志詞，利用標志詞所提供的邏輯關系找到細節(jié)信息，如數(shù)據(jù)、例子、原因和結(jié)果等。如果句子成分復雜，有生詞，也不要煩躁退縮，分析主句和從句或非謂語動詞之間的關系，抓住行文邏輯的標志詞，層層剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真實意圖。
【讀相關詞】
1. haze n. 霧霾
2. conservation n. 保護
3. recycle v．　 回收；循環(huán)利用
4. ecological balance 生態(tài)平衡
5. make proper use of　 合理利用
6. keep the balance of 保持……的平衡
7. attach great importance to　 十分重視
8. bring ... under control　 把……控制住
9. be/become aware of 意識到
10. take the responsibility for/be responsible for 對……負責任
11. mist n. 薄霧
12. shortage n. 缺乏
13. damage n．& vt. 毀壞，破壞
14. destroy vt. 摧毀，破壞
15. ruin vt. (使)毀壞；(使)毀滅n. (復)廢墟；遺跡
16. disappear vi. 消失
17. threaten vt. 威脅
18. be trapped in ruins 被困在廢墟中
19. rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家園
20. extinct adj. 滅絕的
21. preserve vt. 保護
22. victim n. 犧牲品，受害者
23. damage natural habitat 破壞自然棲息地
24. endangered species　　　　　 瀕危物種
25. die out 滅絕
26. natural reserve 自然保護區(qū)
27. protect wildlife 保護野生動物
28. cut down 砍倒
29. raise the awareness of 喚醒……的意識
30. live in harmony with 與……和諧相處
31. pollute vt. 污染
32. waste n. 廢料
33. rubbish n. 垃圾；廢物
34. litter n. 垃圾
35. garbage n. 垃圾
36. greenhouse effect 溫室效應
37. environmentally-friendly adj. 環(huán)保的
38. advocate vt. 擁護，支持，提倡
39. preserve vt. 保護，保留，保存
40. limited natural resources 有限的自然資源
41. alternative energy 替代能源
42. in harmony with nature 與自然和諧共處
43. live a low-carbon life 過低碳生活
44. prevent ...from ... 阻止……做……
45. raise one’s environmental awareness 提高某人的環(huán)保意識
46. save and treasure our resources 節(jié)約并珍惜我們的資源
47. take action/steps/measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
48. call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 號召/呼吁某人做某事

Part 2真題感悟
Passage 1
【真題詳解】
【2020·全國新課標II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (時裝)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海貍鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物種).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
28．What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A．To promote guilt-free fur.
B．To expand the fashion market.
C．To introduce a new brand.
D．To celebrate a winter holiday.
29．Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B．Nutria are an endangered species.
C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D．Nutria are illegally hunted.
30．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B
【解析】本文是說明文。介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀。展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。海貍鼠們每年都在破壞大片的濕地，因此設計師稱這是一種環(huán)保的舉措，科學家們也對海貍鼠損壞生態(tài)平衡表示了擔憂。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美國新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，時裝秀上展出海貍鼠皮制成的不同風格的衣服，項目總監(jiān)Cree McCree說：“除非了解海貍鼠正每年破壞大片濕地，否則談論無罪感皮衣是很瘋狂的事情”，可以判斷出由于海貍鼠對生態(tài)造成了巨大的破壞，這場海貍鼠皮衣時裝秀銷售的是無罪惡感皮衣。故選A。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科學家們?nèi)绱藫囊灾劣谒麄儧Q定按照一條海貍鼠尾巴付給獵人們5美元，可以推斷出科學家們擔憂海貍鼠們嚴重破壞生態(tài)平衡，。故選A。
30．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠受到了幾十年的控制，但是當海貍鼠市場在20世紀80年代末崩潰時，這種貓大小的動物數(shù)量瘋長，根據(jù)but判斷，這是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，以前由于皮毛交易，海貍鼠處于控制，現(xiàn)在這種海貍鼠之所以能夠數(shù)量激增，是由于市場不再銷售海貍鼠皮毛導致的，可以推斷出劃線詞collapsed 是和D.crashed倒閉的意思最相近。故選D。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，為了給人們一種無罪的選擇，人們可以穿皮衣而不被人們潑油漆，我認為在紐約將是一件巨大的事情，根據(jù)模特摩根所說得知，在紐約穿皮質(zhì)衣服是有風險的。故選B。
【強重難詞】
1. environmentalist n. 環(huán)保人士；環(huán)境論者；研究環(huán)境問題的專家
2. ecologists n. 生態(tài)學家（ecologist的復數(shù)
3. enthusiast n. 愛好者，熱心家；熱烈支持者；狂熱者
4. ecosystem n. 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
5. collapse_ v. （突然）倒塌；（尤指因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作勞累后）坐下；崩潰；（貨幣）貶值；折疊
6. multiply vt. 乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘
7. morally adv. 道德上；有道德地；確實地
8. bring back拿回來；使…恢復；使…回憶起來
9. a massive thing大量的事情
10. non-native species非本土物種
11. cross your mind縈繞在你的心頭
【析長難句】
1. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
【解析】這是一個主從復合句。主句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式to talk about guilt-free fur；unless引導的是條件狀語從句，其中that引導賓語從句，做understand的賓語。
【譯文】“如果你不明白海貍鼠每年都在破壞大片濕地，那么談論無罪感皮毛聽起來都很瘋狂?！啊表椖靠偙O(jiān)克里·麥克里說。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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2. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
【解析】句中含有一個so…that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句，be concerned that是對…擔心.
【譯文】路易斯安那州的科學家非常擔心，他們決定付給獵人一條尾巴5美元。。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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3. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
【解析】句中says 后面含有一個以it為形式主語 it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,以that nutria fur is green引導的真正主語的狀語從句。后面又有一個but 連接的并列句he has no doubt about it.
【譯文】他說，讓人們相信海貍鼠是綠色的并不容易，但他對此毫不懷疑。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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Passage 2
【真題詳解】
【2020·全國新課標I】
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(發(fā)光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(電源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(傳輸).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。
32．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關于綠色植物的益處。故選D。
33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選A。
34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。
35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標題。故選C。
【強重難詞】
1. productive adj.富有成效的
2. conduct v. 組織，實施，進行；指揮（音樂）；帶領，引導；舉止，表現(xiàn)；傳導（熱或電）
3. spray n. 噴霧，噴霧劑；噴霧器；水沫；
4. transmission n. 傳動裝置，[機] 變速器；傳遞；傳送；播送
5. diverse adj. 不同的，相異的；多種多樣的，形形色色的
6. create vt. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作；造成
7. be decorated with ...由…裝飾
8. take ... a step further把…進一步
9. a faint light微弱的光線
10. a version of……的一個版本
11. positive effects_積極影響
【析長難句】
1. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
【解析】when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants是時間狀語從句，其中的be decorated with是用…裝飾。
【譯文】在另一項研究中，當員工的工作場所裝飾有室內(nèi)植物時，他們的工作效率提高了15%
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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2. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
【解析】these是句子的主語，include是謂語，plants和a plant并列做include的賓語。第一個that引導的定語從句修飾plant；when they’re short of water是賓語從句，做show的賓語。第二個that引導的定語從句修飾a plant。
【譯文】其中包括一種植物，它們的葉子上印有傳感器，可以顯示它們是否缺水，還有一種植物可以檢測地下水中的有害化學物質(zhì)。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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3. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
【解析】本句是個主從復合句。Where引導的定語從句修飾an on and off＂switch＂；when exposed to daylight是省略了主語和be的時間狀語從句。
【譯文】工程師們還在嘗試開發(fā)一種開關，當光線暴露在日光下時，這種開關就會減弱。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
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Part 3專題強化
Passage 1【真題自測】
【2019·浙江卷】
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(資源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【2018北京卷】
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋場), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊狀物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(腸道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Passage 3【新題模擬】
（2021·河北衡水市·衡水中學高三月考） Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(傷亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(嚴重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
1．What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?
A．The causes of Australian fires. B．The results of Australian fires.
C．The damaged areas of Australian fires. D．The property destruction of Australian fires.
2．Which of the following best explains ''susceptible to" in the second paragraph?
A．Very quickly to adapt to.
B．Very seriously to focus on.
C．Very likely to be influenced by.
D．Very easily to be protected against.
3．What can we infer from Trenberth’s research?
A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.
B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires.
C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly.
D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.
4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A．To stress the effects of Australia fires.
B．To show the methods for land management.
C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires.
D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage.

Passage 4【新題模擬】
（2021·云南昆明市·高三一模） Through an agreement signed today, the much-loved animals will continue to delight visitors for another three years, through December 7, 2023. “We’re all very excited,” says Steve Monfort, the director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. “It’s very good that we can continue our cooperation with our Chinese colleagues.”
The female giant panda Mei Xiang and male Tian Tian, will return to China at the end of 2023 at the relatively elder panda ages of 25 and 26 respectively （分別地). The probable lifetime for giant pandas is about 15 to 20 years in the wild, and about 30 years in captivity (圈養(yǎng)). Likely to travel with the two is Xiao Qi Ji （Little Miracle）, who was born on August 21, 2020. The 15-week-old male cub is the fourth of Mei Xiang’s four surviving cubs.
By long-standing agreement, cubs born in captivity at the zoo are sent to China before four. When Xiao Qi Ji was born, his mother Mei Xiang became the oldest giant panda to give birth in North America.
The public has yet to see Xiao Qi Ji in person. Normally, it would be at about this time, a little over 100 days, that a cub would be able to be shared with the public. Over 1.6 million people have watched the Zoo's Panda Cam since the August birth, with a total of 8.8 million page views. Just this week, his parents, Mei Xiang and Tian Tian marked 20 years in Washington, D．C．.
The extension agreement means that the National Zoo and China will reach a half century of conservation and cooperation between the U.S. and China. “It shouldn't be surprising to people that cooperation is the foundation of the way that one does the work.” Monfort says, “In protecting species, no one organization and often not even one government can theoretically save a species without partnership.”
5．What is the agreement about?
A．Two pandas' three more years in the USA．
B．Cooperation between the Zoo and China.
C．The first public appearance of Xiao Qi Ji.
D．The way to return home for three pandas.
6．What do we know about Mei Xiang?
A．She has been abroad for 20 years. B．She has been sent back to China.
C．She was born in the National Zoo. D．She's the oldest panda to give birth.
7．What's the public's attitude towards the newly-born panda?
A．Uncaring. B．Enthusiastic.
C．Cautious. D．Sympathetic
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Mei Xiang Has Given Birth to Xiao Qi Ji
B．Cooperation Is Key to Animal Protection
C．Extension Agreement on Pandas Is Reached
D．Lifetime for Giant Pandas Is Figured Outeen the U.S. and China.”
Passage 5【新題模擬】
（2021·山西太原市·高三期末） The Chinese manned submersible(潛水器) Fendouzhe, over 96.5 percent of whose core components have been independently developed by China, reached one of the deepest spots on the planet, a dizzying and dark depth of 10,909 meters.
Extreme water pressure is the first challenge that requires dealing with during the exploration. At 10,000 meters down in the ocean, the submersible has to stand about 1,100 atmospheres of pressure, equal to 2,000 elephants stepping on a person’s back. As the solid “armour (盔甲)”，the manned cabin is a safety guarantee for humans to reach down to 10,000 meters deep in the ocean. To overcome the technical bottleneck, the Chinese researchers developed a new material-Ti62A, successfully solving problems of the strength and toughness of the manned cabin.
To avoid risks of crashes in the dark deep sea with complex terrain(地形)，F(xiàn)endouzhe requires its control system, a smart “brain” to give the exact instructions. Researchers designed a neural network algorithm(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡算法), which enables Fendouzhe to travel automatically according to the seabed terrain and locate fixed points. Its control system has reached the international frontier level.
The submersible is equipped with two flexible and strong “arms”. Each 7-joint arm with 6 degrees - of - freedom control and a weight-carrying ability of more than 60 kilograms can cover the sampling basket and its front areas. With the arms, Fendouzhe collected samples of ocean rocks, deep-sea living things and seabed sediments(沉淀物).
The ocean, especially the deep sea, is widely regarded as Earth's final frontier. Deep down in the ocean are unusual creatures, strange environments and impressive geological wonders, yet humanity knows less about the ocean floor than about the far side of the moon. These samples and data collected from the deep ocean can be used for geological and biological research, as well as study the human impact on the planet.
9．Why is “2000 elephants” mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To make the numbers accurate.
B．To provide a biological explanation.
C．To emphasize the importance of the task.
D．To describe the degree of the pressure vividly.
10．What can “arms” do according to paragraph 4?
A．Collect ocean samples.
B．Land the submersible.
C．Provide safety guarantee.
D．Prevent crashes intelligently.
11．Which of the following has reached the world advanced level ?
A．The toughness of the cabin.
B．The ability of weight-carrying.
C．The method of data-collection.
D．The technology of control system.
12．Why do people research the deep ocean according to the last paragraph?
A．It is more complex than the moon.
B．It is seriously affected by humans.
C．To make sure of the depth of the ocean.
D．To explore the less-known field of the planet.

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