Part 1題型總覽
【題型綜述】
史地人文類文章一般涉及某個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū)、河流、山脈、海洋、城鎮(zhèn)等的地理位置以及與之相關(guān)的社會(huì)生活、社會(huì)風(fēng)情、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、人文歷史、自然資源、文化習(xí)俗、文化遺產(chǎn)等方面的情況。文章選材來源于英語國(guó)家的主要名勝或歷史事件、歷史年代。本話題包括中國(guó)歷史與地理的基本知識(shí)、世界歷史與地理的基本知識(shí)、重大歷史事件以及與歷史活動(dòng)有關(guān)的重要?dú)v史人物、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、宗教活動(dòng)等。通過這一話題的學(xué)習(xí)和高考考查，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)歷史與地理的興趣，提高學(xué)生的歷史底蘊(yùn)和文化修養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)學(xué)生的身心健康。
【技巧點(diǎn)撥】
命題以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，有一定的主觀推斷題；涉及一定的地理常識(shí)或歷史知識(shí)。閱讀史地類文章時(shí)，要重點(diǎn)弄清楚各個(gè)地名、人名之間的相互關(guān)系和各個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū)或城鎮(zhèn)之間的地理方位。如果文章或試題有附圖或附表，一定要把附圖或附表看懂、看明白。附圖或附表的存在就是幫助我們更好地讀懂和理解文章，輔助我們做好有關(guān)試題。
【讀相關(guān)詞】
1. attackvt.進(jìn)攻；襲擊
2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失蹤
3. escape vi.逃跑
4. feedvt.喂養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)；靠……為生；向……提供
5. lcal adj.當(dāng)?shù)氐摹?lcate vt.把……設(shè)置(在)；使……坐落(于) → lcatin n.地點(diǎn)；位置
6. native adj.本地的；本國(guó)的
7. raise vt.飼養(yǎng)；提高
8. range n.山脈；vi.排列；延伸
9. ruin vt.毀壞；毀滅；n.廢墟；毀滅
10. strike v.突然侵襲；打擊；打動(dòng)；突然想到
11. threaten vt.威脅；恐嚇→ threat n.威脅
12.ablish vt. 廢除
13.aggressin n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻擊性的
14.betray vt. 出賣；泄露機(jī)密
15.distribute vt. 發(fā)放；分發(fā)→ distributin n.分配；配給
16.drught n .干旱
17.dynasty n .朝代
18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆發(fā)；噴發(fā)→ eruptinn.爆發(fā)
19.frighten vt. 使驚恐→ frightening adj.令人驚恐的，駭人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受驚的
20.fggy adj. 有霧的→ fg n.霧
21.freezing adj. 冰凍的；極冷的→ freezevi.&vt.將……冷凍，凍僵→ frzen adj.結(jié)冰的，冷凍的
22.gegraphy n .地理
23.histric adj. 歷史的；有歷史意義的→ histry n.歷史→ histrical adj.歷史(上)的；與歷史有關(guān)的
24.histrical adj. 與歷史有關(guān)的
25.incident n .事變
26.independence n .獨(dú)立
27.invade vt. 侵略
28.mnument n .紀(jì)念碑
29.muntainus adj. 多山的
30.ccupy vt. 占領(lǐng)；使忙碌
31.rigin n .起源；由來
32.religin n .宗教
33.religius adj. 宗教的
34.remte adj. 偏遠(yuǎn)的；偏僻的
35.racial adj. 種族的
36.revlutin n .革命
37.sacrifice vt. 犧牲
38.shrtage n .缺乏
39.shwer n .陣雨；淋浴
40.supply vt. 提供；供應(yīng)；n. 供應(yīng)；供給
41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖
42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的
43.weapn n .武器
44. gegraphy地理
45. mineral 礦藏，礦物質(zhì)
46 .sutheastern東南方的
47.nrthwestern西北方的
48.urban architecture城市建筑
49.the art gallery藝術(shù)長(zhǎng)廊
50.悠久歷史 have a lng histry/with a lng histry
51.礦產(chǎn)資源 mineral resurce
52.城市規(guī)劃 urban planning
53.城鎮(zhèn)人口 urban ppulatin
54.追溯到 date back t
55.占地面積7 434 平方公里 cver an area f 7，434 square kilmetres
56.人口超過600萬 have a ppulatin f ver 6 millin/with a ppulatin f mre than 6 millin...
57..2 200年的悠久歷史 have a histry f 2，200 years/with a histry f 2，200 years
Part 2真題感悟
Passage 1
【真題詳解】
【2020天津卷5月】
Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （無知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
1.The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A. the turning pint in ur histry
B. the present state f ur natin
C. the lcatin f ur hmeland
D. the ttal area f ur cuntry
2. Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A. The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B. Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C. The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D. Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblems.
3. What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A. It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B. Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C. Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D. Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
4. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends t shw that______________.
A. Charles Dickens cntributes much t British literature.
B. Oliver Twist can satisfy ur curisity fr rmantic pets.
C. reading nvels is a way t learn abut a histrical perid.
D. studying histry can aruse peple's interest in ther fields.
5. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw t Build Cultural Identity
B. Why Studying Histry Matters
C. Knw the Past, Knw the Present
D. Histry: a Way t Braden Hrizns
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B
【解析】本文是議論文。開頭提出問題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——?dú)v史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。
1.猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國(guó)的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去。此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國(guó)家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫線的where we are tday指的是我們國(guó)家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.可知專家認(rèn)為，無論過去和現(xiàn)在，人們面臨的問題都是一樣的。有了祖先的信息，我們?cè)谔幚砩钪械奶魬?zhàn)時(shí)會(huì)更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選A。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures和Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.可知?dú)v史為跨文化的同理心提供了一個(gè)相當(dāng)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，歷史有可能打破對(duì)未知事物的恐懼和憎恨，為我們提供洞悉整個(gè)世界的機(jī)會(huì)。由此推之歷史幫助我們提高跨文化意識(shí)。故選D。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段標(biāo)題是 Histry can inspire us t learn mre:(歷史可以激勵(lì)我們學(xué)習(xí)更多),下面列舉了閱讀Oliver Twist的例子,通過Oliver Twist我們能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,還可能會(huì)學(xué)到一些關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的東西，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)浪漫主義詩人的歷史。作者通過這個(gè)例子是為了說明學(xué)習(xí)歷史可以引起人們對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域的興趣。故選D。
5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin" why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step.提到學(xué)歷史前先問自己為什么歷史重要。下文分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后一段總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——?dú)v史的價(jià)值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習(xí)，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。故Why Studying Histry Matters?能概括全文內(nèi)容。故選B。
【強(qiáng)重難詞】
ancestral adj. 祖先的；祖?zhèn)鞯?br>evlutin n. 演變；進(jìn)化論；進(jìn)展
insight n. 洞察力；洞悉
empathy n. 神入；移情作用；執(zhí)著；感同身受；共鳴
ignrance n. 無知，愚昧；不知，不懂
underestimate vt. 低估；看輕n. 低估
definitely adv. 清楚地，當(dāng)然；明確地，肯定地
cncept n. 觀念，概念
switch yur attentin 轉(zhuǎn)換注意力
feel pintless覺得毫無意義
human civilizatin人類文明
Histry grunds us in ur rts 歷史扎根于我們
have the ptential t d sth.有潛力做…
reflect n仔細(xì)考慮，思考；反??；回想，回顧；懷疑
【析長(zhǎng)難句】
1. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
【解析】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句，它做從句的主語，整個(gè)定語從句修飾前面的smething；r連接的是兩個(gè)并列謂語，即find smething here和 get yu thinking abut ……。
【譯文】“你會(huì)在這里發(fā)現(xiàn)一些會(huì)引起你的興趣或讓你思考?xì)v史意義的東西。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday.
【解析】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。and連接的是兩個(gè)并列句Histry is an ……和 learning the histry …..；其中第二個(gè)并列句中又有一個(gè)and連接的hw we gt t where we are tday.的賓語從句。
【譯文】“歷史是一個(gè)重要而有趣的研究領(lǐng)域，學(xué)習(xí)我們祖國(guó)的歷史可以讓我們更深刻、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去，以及我們是如何走到今天的。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag
【解析】這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句中的an amazing experience是令人吃驚的經(jīng)歷，because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，其中reflect n是反思的意思。
【譯文】閱讀歷史是一種奇妙的體驗(yàn)，因?yàn)樗茏屛覀兎此己芫靡郧叭藗兊纳鐣?huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)生活。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【真題詳解】
【2020·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)3】
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤獨(dú)), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts. C. Published statistics. D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
【答案】
【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國(guó)，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。
28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托爾的維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。
29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推薦它嗎?是的，我想我會(huì)推薦在一起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼克對(duì)和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項(xiàng)。
30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.”官方報(bào)告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的32.5萬戶增加到2013年的41.9萬戶。根據(jù)第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。據(jù)估計(jì)，英國(guó)多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。
31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤獨(dú)), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國(guó)生活方式的一種上升趨勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。
【強(qiáng)重難詞】
islatin n.孤獨(dú)
multigeneratinal adj. 幾代人的
indicate v. 表明；指示，顯示
varieties f 各種各樣的
be mre firmly rted in 深深地扎根于
frm my standpint,從我的立場(chǎng)來看
flat the idea 提出一個(gè)想法
【析長(zhǎng)難句】
1. Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.
【解析】破折號(hào)后的— ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf.是對(duì)前一句的解釋；living tgether under the same rf為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語修飾前面的families。
【譯文】四年前，他們?nèi)及徇M(jìn)了布里斯托爾的一棟三層維多利亞式住宅——英國(guó)越來越多的幾世同堂的家庭之一。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤獨(dú)), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
【解析】With the yung unable t ….是with+n.+t d…的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做狀語。
【譯文】由于年輕人無法負(fù)擔(dān)離開家的費(fèi)用和老年人面臨的孤獨(dú)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted.
【解析】where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的parts f the wrld。
【譯文】這樣的故事在世界上多代人生活更為常見，而且多代人同住的觀念在這些地區(qū)的人中根深蒂固。
【仿寫】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Part 3專題強(qiáng)化
Passage 1【真題自測(cè)】
【2018年新課標(biāo)卷III】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【話題解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Dawsn這座城市的發(fā)展原因、過程與現(xiàn)狀。
24.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人們選擇在河邊或港口設(shè)城是因?yàn)榻煌ǚ奖?，便于做生意。而紐約就是在哈德森河口附近的一個(gè)大港口，故紐約吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正確。
26.B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人們離開Dawsn的主要原因是聽說在Alaska發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，也就是他們要去別的地方尋找發(fā)財(cái)?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)。故B正確。
27.A 【解析】主旨大意題。第一段簡(jiǎn)要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，引出Dawsn這一城市的興起，第二段介紹了該城市興起的原因，第三段介紹人們選擇離開該城市的原因及現(xiàn)在的狀況，所以全文圍繞Dawsn這個(gè)城市的發(fā)展起伏。故A正確。
Passage 2【真題自測(cè)】
【2017浙江卷】
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an ever larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住權(quán)) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always ＂see me as a freigner,＂ an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy.
B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy.
D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly
B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties
D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【話題解讀】本文屬于歷史與地理等緊密結(jié)合的文章。首先敘述了一個(gè)叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩爾多瓦人移民到意大利，但為了能夠繼續(xù)留在意大利，她必須進(jìn)行語言測(cè)試；接著向我們闡述對(duì)外來人進(jìn)行語言測(cè)試的原因以及對(duì)此的不同聲音，然后介紹了意大利的移民史，最后告訴我們Cjchru的居住現(xiàn)狀：工資水平很低，而且雖然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍會(huì)把她當(dāng)作外國(guó)人來看。
30.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的＂even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently＂可知Cjchru的意大利語已經(jīng)說的得很流利了，故選C。
Passage 3【新題模擬】
（2021·吉林長(zhǎng)春市·高三一模） Rme wasn't built in a day. And neither was the Rman subway system. Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁畫) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag. And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.
S lcal archaelgists called in Maur Bernabei f the Natinal Research Cuncil f Italy. He's a dendrchrnlgist: smene wh analyzes tree rings, which give age and envirnmental infrmatin.
"We have t study wd because it's full, really full, f infrmatin!" Bernabei and his team fund that the wden planks were ak(橡木). But the wd's rigin was harder t determine. S they cmpared the tree rings in the ak flr t thse available in libraries f tree rings that cntain timber frm all ver Eurpe. And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.
The researchers als determined that it was used in abut 40 t 60 B．C．And sme came frm trees already up t 300 years ld when they were cut dwn. The details are in the jurnal PLOS ONE.
The discvery is the first clear evidence f ak frm nrth f the Alps being used t build ancient Rme. And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk. These trees, fr example, likely flated dwn tw rivers, acrss the Mediterranean and up anther river t Rme.
Bernabei says Rman archaelgists usually destry ancient wd—it's nt as valuable as jewelry and vases and frescs. But he's hping this study might change their minds."Save the wd, yes! And call me,if yu dn't want t save—please, call me!"He says.
1．Why des the subway in Rme g slwly?
A．It is hard t dig up the earth in Rme.
B．There are many ancient ruins buried here.
C．It is very dangerus t wrk t fast in Rme
D．The Rman are nt experienced in building subways
2．What can peple learn frm the wd fundatins?
A．The wealth in ancient Rme
B．The trading infrmatin f ancient Rme
C．The culture f ancient Rme
D．The scial relatins f ancient Rme
3．What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The stne B．The subway
C．The French wd D．The Rman fundatin
4．What is the main idea f this passage?
A．Scientists fund sme infrmatin abut ancient Rme
B．Wd was nt as valuable as stnes in ancient Rme
C．Only the rich peple in ancient Rme culd use wd
D．Ancient Rme culd have a rich trading netwrk.
【答案】
1．B2．B3．C4．A
【分析】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，介紹了科學(xué)家們?cè)谏盥竦叵碌墓帕_馬建筑的木制地基上發(fā)現(xiàn)了古羅馬的貿(mào)易信息。
1．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Undergrund wrk is slw ging, because cnstructin wrkers ften meet with fresces(壁畫) and ther valuable stne fundatins thusands f years ag.”（地下工程進(jìn)展緩慢，因?yàn)榻ㄖと私?jīng)常會(huì)遇到幾千年前的壁畫和其他有價(jià)值的石頭地基）可知，羅馬地鐵建設(shè)進(jìn)展緩慢是因?yàn)榈叵侣癫刂S多古代遺跡，故選B。
2．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading
netwrk.”（這也提醒我們羅馬人有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)）可知，從木地基中我們能夠了解到古羅馬的貿(mào)易信息，故選B。
3．
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“And they fund a match fr the Rman wd—frm the Jura regin f eastern France, mre than 600 miles away.”可知，他們?cè)?00多英里外的法國(guó)東部朱拉地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種羅馬木材的匹配物，此處承接上文，說的是研究人員還確定，在法國(guó)發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種木材在大約公元前40年至60年間曾被使用過，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法國(guó)木材，故選C。
4．
主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“And a few years ag, they fund the wden fundatins f a luxurius prch frm a Rman building.”（幾年前，他們?cè)谝蛔盥竦叵碌墓帕_馬建筑的豪華門廊上發(fā)現(xiàn)了木制地基）及第五段“And it's a reminder that the Rmans had a cmplex trading netwrk.”（這也提醒我們羅馬人有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)）可知，本文主要介紹的是科學(xué)家們?cè)谏盥竦叵碌墓帕_馬建筑的木制地基上發(fā)現(xiàn)了古羅馬的貿(mào)易信息，故選A。
Passage 4【新題模擬】
（2021·浙江高三月考） The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576. The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur — with its first scene welcming the “gracius and kind spectatrs” — at the end f the year.
On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws. Accrding t ne f the few surviving dcuments f the event, n ne was hurt except a man whse burning breeches (炮后膛) were put ut with a bttle f ale. It was rebuilt in the fllwing year.
Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.
A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V. It is an academic apprximatin f the riginal design, based n available evidence f the 1599 and 1614 buildings, and is lcated apprximately 750 feet (230m) frm the site f the riginal theatre.
5．Hw did the Glbe Theatre begin t be n fire n 29 June 1613?
A．It was set fire t by a perfrmer by design.
B．It caught fire by accident during a play.
C．A man put ut breeches with a bttle f ale.
D．It was started by wden beams and straws.
6．In what rder is the text arranged?
A．Time B．Space C．Imprtance D．Flashback
7．Accrding t the passage all the plays were perfrmed in the Glbe Theatre EXCEPT ________.
A．James Burbage. B．Every Man ut f His Humur
C．Henry VIII. D．Henry V
8．The passage is mainly abut ________.
A．The ppularity f the Glbe Theatre.
B．The cnstructin f the Glbe Theatre.
C．The functin f the Glbe Theatre.
D．The histry f the Glbe Theatre.
【答案】
5．B6．A7．A8．D
【分析】
這是一篇說明文，文章按時(shí)間順序介紹了英國(guó)環(huán)球劇院的歷史。
5．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII. A theatrical gun, set ff during the perfrmance, misfired, burning the wden beams and straws.”（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了。一支戲劇用的槍，在演出中引爆，沒有打出子彈，燒了木梁和稻草）可知，環(huán)球劇院是在一場(chǎng)戲中因?yàn)闃屪呋鹆瞬乓馔庵鹆恕９蔬xB項(xiàng)。
6．
推理判斷題。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（環(huán)球劇院是在1599年用一個(gè)早期劇院的木材建造的，這個(gè)劇院是由Richard Burbage的父親James Burbage1576年在肖爾迪奇建造的），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642.
It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther buildings.”（像倫敦所有其他劇院一樣，環(huán)球劇院在1642年被清教徒關(guān)閉。它是在1644年或者稍晚些時(shí)候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件將該法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被認(rèn)定為虛假文件——為其他建筑騰出空間）以及最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（劇院的現(xiàn)代重建，命名為“莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開張，作品為《亨利五世》），結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語可知，文章是按時(shí)間順序發(fā)展的。故選A項(xiàng)。
7．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“The first perfrmance fr which a firm recrd remains was Jnsn’s Every Man ut f His Humur ”（第一個(gè)保持穩(wěn)定記錄的表演是瓊森的《每個(gè)人都失去了他的幽默感》），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了。）和最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（劇院的現(xiàn)代重建，命名為“莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開張，作品為《亨利五世》。），可知環(huán)球劇院上演過《每個(gè)人都失去了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》，James Burbage不是戲劇，并未在環(huán)球劇院演出。故選A項(xiàng)。
8．
主旨大意題。由第一段中的“The Glbe was built in 1599 using timber frm an earlier theatre, The Theatre, which had been built by Richard Burbage’s father, James Burbage, in Shreditch in 1576.”（環(huán)球劇院是在1599年用一個(gè)早期劇院的木材建造的，這個(gè)劇院是由Richard Burbage的父親James Burbage1576年在肖爾迪奇建造的。），第二段中的“On 29th June 1613, the Glbe Theatre went up in flames during a perfrmance f Henry VIII.”（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，環(huán)球劇院著火了。），第三段中的“Like all the ther theatres in Lndn, the Glbe was clsed dwn by the Puritans in 1642. It was pulled dwn in 1644, r slightly later — the cmmnly cited dcument dating the act t 15 April 1644 has been identified as false — t make rm fr ther
buildings.”（像倫敦所有其他劇院一樣，環(huán)球劇院在1642年被清教徒關(guān)閉。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些時(shí)候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件將該法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被認(rèn)定為虛假文件——為其他建筑騰出空間。），最后一段中的“A mdern recnstructin f the theatre, named “Shakespeare’s Glbe”, pened in 1997, with a prductin f Henry V.”（劇院的現(xiàn)代重建，命名為“莎士比亞環(huán)球劇場(chǎng)”，于1997年開張，作品為《亨利五世》）可知，文章按時(shí)間順序介紹了環(huán)球劇院的歷史。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 5【新題模擬】
（2021·上海普陀區(qū)·高三一模）The Victrians’ Way f Having Fun
Whether it was visiting a human z, taking a bull n a ht-air balln ride, r singing beautiful sngs, Victrian Lndners lved t have fun. As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball. As a new bk by histrian Lee Jacksn explains, the hunt fr prfit invlves surrunding mrality, class and empire. S where did Victrians g fr fun? And what still exists tday?
Dancing Rms: Argyll Rms, Piccadilly
It’s nw a building site near Leicester Square, but when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit (暴亂). Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets. The Argyll clsed as the dance craze came t an end, and Bignell turned the space int the Trcader music hall. It kept that name thrugh the 20th century when it was transfrmed int ne f Lndn’s mst tasteless turist attractins. The site currently awaits develpment int a htel.
Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea
Gremrne was run by three West End pub wners, ppular amng the yung peple then. It clsed in 1877 after lsing its licence. Pleasure gardens mre generally lst their meaning f existence with the establishment f public parks. Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.
Pleasure gardens were als vershadwed by larger exhibitin grunds such as the Crystal Palace, which tried t find a way f balancing entertainment with cultural educatin. Little physically remains f the Crystal Palace itself, which mved t Sydenham frm Hyde Park in 1854, but the grand 200-acre grunds still exist as a public park.
On the site f the Methdist Central Hall was a shrt-lived attractin that attempted t transprt the seaside t central Lndn. It was railways that made Margate and Suthend accessible t Lndners, and sme f the leisure activities peculiar t the seaside sn made it back t the capital.Ftball grunds: Craven Cttage, Stevenage Rad, Fulham Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.
9．Which f the fllwing is nt similar in meaning t “tk t the streets” in Para. 2?
A．gathered tgether in the streets B．enjyed windw shpping
C．went utside n the streets D．prtested n the streets
10．The reasn why fewer great pleasure gardens are left in Lndn is that .
A．peple built mre factries B．they were turned int farming land
C．the land was sld t develpers D．they became university campuses
11．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The mney frm ftball is used t buy new players.
B．Lndn has much n its ftball histry.
C．Fulham F.C．is mre than 200 years ld.
D．The Victrians have cultivated many ftballers.
12．Which f the fllwing is the main idea f this passage?
A．The building f railways led t the theme parks.
B．The West End’s gardens became big htels.
C．The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.
D．The incme frm mdern ftball supprts new players.
【答案】
9．B10．C11．B12．C
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞維多利亞時(shí)代的包括主題公園、酒吧和職業(yè)足球一些休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的舉例介紹，從而說明了其對(duì)于現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。
9．
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線短語所在句的前文背景介紹“…when the Argyll Rms lst its licence in 1878, there was a rit”可知，（1878年，Argyll Rms失去了營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照，引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)騷亂，）這次騷亂應(yīng)是知?jiǎng)澗€短語所在句內(nèi)容“Drunken students were s angry at the clsure f their favurite place that they tk t the streets.”，由此可推知，“they tk t the streets”應(yīng)是與“騷亂”表達(dá)含義一致，騷亂一般是指“聚集游行示威”類活動(dòng)，即選項(xiàng)A“gathered tgether in the streets(聚集在街上)”，選項(xiàng)C“went utside n the streets(走到外面的街道上)”和選項(xiàng)D“prtested n the streets(上街抗議)”符合分析，可作劃線短語的同義表達(dá)。選項(xiàng)B“enjyed windw shpping”意為“喜歡逛街”，不能視作為“騷亂”。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Pleasure gardens: Gremrne Gardens, Chelsea部分第1段內(nèi)容“Lndn’s rapid grwth meant the valuable land was usually sld t big cmpanies fr ther purpses, which is why s little f Lndn’s great pleasure gardens remain.”(倫敦的快速發(fā)展意味著寶貴的土地通常被賣給大公司做其他用途，這就是為什么倫敦的大花園很少被保留下來的原因。)可知，倫敦的大花園很少被保留下來的原因是寶貴的土地通
常被賣給大公司做其他用途。故選C項(xiàng)。
11．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Fulham FC, Lndn’s ldest prfessinal ftball club, still wrks at their first grund, built by the Victrians in 1896. Versins f the sprt had been arund fr centuries, but it was the Victrians wh created the game and then prfessinalized it. This led t enclsed grunds where spectatrs paid fr admittance, with the incme spent n acquiring new players. The mdern game was brn.(富勒姆足球俱樂部，倫敦最古老的職業(yè)足球俱樂部，仍然在他們的第一個(gè)場(chǎng)地工作，這是維多利亞時(shí)代的人在1896年建造的。這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的版本已經(jīng)存在了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，但是是維多利亞時(shí)代的人創(chuàng)造了這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，然后將其職業(yè)化。這導(dǎo)致了封閉的場(chǎng)地，觀眾支付入場(chǎng)費(fèi)，收入用于購(gòu)買新球員?，F(xiàn)代游戲誕生了。)”可知，富勒姆足球俱樂部存在已久，這個(gè)俱樂部見證了倫敦的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)始于維多利亞時(shí)代，并一直發(fā)展成為現(xiàn)代足球。由此可推知，倫敦的足球歷史很悠久。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．
主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章可知，文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章第一段內(nèi)容“As perfrmance managers came up with increasingly well-designed ways t make mney frm the capital’s huge ptential audience, Victrians effectively invented the mdern leisure industry – including theme parks, pubs and prfessinal ftball.(隨著績(jī)效管理人員想出越來越精心設(shè)計(jì)的方法，從首都巨大的潛在觀眾身上賺錢，維多利亞時(shí)代的人實(shí)際上發(fā)明了現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)——包括主題公園、酒吧和職業(yè)足球。)”應(yīng)是本文的主題句，即，文章主要圍繞維多利亞時(shí)代的包括主題公園、酒吧和職業(yè)足球一些現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的舉例介紹，從而說明了其對(duì)于現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。選項(xiàng)C “The Victrians largely invented mdern leisure industries.(維多利亞時(shí)代在很大程度上發(fā)明了現(xiàn)代休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)。)”合理概括了文章的主旨要義。故選C項(xiàng)。
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