
?考點二 代詞和介詞
第一步 精準刷題
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·全國乙卷)Ecotourism has________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
2.(2021·浙江高考)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of________(she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.
3.(2021·全國甲卷)Only a few choose to deal with the problems on________(they) own.
4.(2021·全國乙卷)That's________(I) view on housework.
5.(2021·全國甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修復)。
6.(2021·全國乙卷)In my opinion, students can benefit a lot________ doing some housework.
7.(2022·江蘇省宿遷青華中學高三第二次月考)Wang Ge, a paper-cutting artist, runs a market stand where impressive examples of her work, are________ display in the popular tourist destination.
8.(2022·重慶市第八中學高三期中考試)________ took a long time for Mahendra to find the land where the shelter could be set up.
9.(2022·福建省廈門第一中學高三月考)Another reason is that studying Chinese provides access________ the wonderful Chinese history and culture.
10.(2022·廣東省東華高級中學高三聯考)The first time in print, this book served as a unique window to display the past 40 years' change________ not only Xiamen but the whole of China.
11.(2021·遼寧省六校協作體高三聯考)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always treasure.
12.(2021·山東省濟南市萊蕪一中高三月考)Water is a very important natural resource because we all need________ to stay alive.
13.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大聯考)Sun's teacher said the assignment served________ a good example of life education.
14.(2022·江蘇省泰州中學高三檢測)Laughter is a feature that we share________ other great apes such as the chimpanzee and gorilla, which suggests that it is an ancient behavior.
15.(2022·山東省日照市高三摸底考試)My neighbour saw me fall so she stopped her car and rushed out to help
________(I).
16.(2022·重慶市巴蜀中學高三月考)Such training is aimed at improving parents' capabilities in________(they) parenting skills and knowledge.
17.(2021·浙江省諸暨市高三模擬)Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide________2050.
18.(2022·廣東省深圳市七校聯合體高三聯考)In the same year, ________(it) habitats in Sichuan Province gained a UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
19.(2021·山東新高考質量測評聯盟高三聯合調研監(jiān)測)The search is________ for the remaining five: a dog, a rooster, a dragon, a sheep and a snake.
20.(2022·浙江省桐廬中學高三階段性測試)I had no special training in this, and introducing________ (I) to strangers was not my natural talent.
21.(2021·遼寧省高三聯合調研)I expected that he would ask me________ money, but he didn't.
22.(2022·廣東省高三聯考)Tianwen-1,named after an ancient Chinese poem, was launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23,2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in the southernmost island province of Hainan; ________ kick-started China's first mission to another planet.
23.(2022·河北省級聯測)As part of its plans to have a fully crewed space station by December 2022,China launched the first core module, known________ Tianhe or Harmony of the Heavens, on April 29.
24.(2022·重慶西南大學附屬中學高三測試)She catapulted________(she) into the world's attention.
25.(2022·重慶西南大學附屬中學高三測試)Not in the teams, but rather like individual projects, working________ training, mentoring or appearances in public.
26.(2022·浙江名校協作體高三聯考)Between January and May of 2021,the number of cases involving the illegal destruction of forest resources in the prefecture has declined________ 76.6 percent compared with the same period last year.
27.(2022·廣東廣州外國語學校高三第一次聯考)Today Riyue Bay, north of Houhai, is home________ the national surfing team's academy, set up after the International Olympic Committee accepted as an Olympic sport in 2016.
28.(2022·江蘇蘇州高三學期學情調研)Certainly, in all forms of communication, humor is a natural way to win
________(someone) heart.
29.(2022·遼寧省東北育才學校高三第三次模擬考試)He has taught me________ example that gratitude builds hope.
30.(2022·湖南長沙長郡中學高三月考)Yes, misleading children might not help their development, but there may also be deeper problems that are responsible________ their difficulty with attention or behaviour.
答案:
1.its [句意:生態(tài)旅游起源于20世紀70年代的環(huán)境運動。根據設空后名詞 origin可知,此處用形容詞性物主代詞來修飾名詞origin.故填its.]
2.hersel[句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的寫照,一切都很有品位,井井有條。根據句意可知,此處意為“她自己”,應用反身代詞。故填 herself.]
3.their [句意:只有一些人選擇自己解決問題。on one's own“獨自,依靠某人自己”,為固定用法。故填their.]
4.my [句意:這是我對家務的看法。此處表達“我的看法”,修飾后面的名詞view,應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填my.]
5.in [句意:它最初是為了保護唐代的城市而建造的,現在已經完全修復了。表示“在某個朝代”用介詞。故填in.]
6.from [句意:在我看來,學生可以從做家務中受益很多。benefit-from...“從·.中獲益”,為固定短語。故填from.]
7.on [句意:剪紙藝術家王戈經營著一個市場攤位,在這個熱門的旅游目的地展示著她的作品,令人印象深刻。be on display“展示”,為固定短語,故填on.]
8.It [此處為固定句型It takes/took some time for sh to do sth“某人花費多少時間做某事”,it為形式主語,動詞不定式為真正主語。故填It.]
9.to [句意:另一個原因是,學習漢語可以接觸到精彩的中國歷史和文化。access to...“接近?!?通向··的入口”,為固定短語。故填to.]
10.of [句意:第一次出版這本書就成為一個獨特的窗口,展示了過去40年廈門乃至整個中國的變化。the change of“.的變化”,為固定搭配。故填of.]
11.one [句意:在這么多年后見到我的叔叔是一個令人難忘的時刻,一個我將永遠珍惜的時刻。設空處作 an unforgettable moment的同位語,表示泛指,設空后是省略了關系代詞的定語從句。故填one.]
12.it [句意:水是非常重要的自然資源,我們都需要它來保持活力。此處指代上文中的water,應用代詞it.故填it.]
13.as [serve as“用作,充當”為固定短語。故填as.]
14.with [句意:笑是我們和其他類人猿,如黑猩猩和大猩猩,共有的特征,這表明笑是一種古老的行為。share with“分享,共有”,為固定短語。故填with.]
15.me[句意:我的鄰居看到我摔倒了,就停下車沖過來幫我。根據句意可知,此處指鄰居沖過來幫我。在動詞 help后面,應用人稱代詞的賓格。故填me]
16.their [句意:這樣的培訓旨在提高家長的育兒技能和知識。根據句意可知,提高“他們的”育兒技能和知識,應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填 their]
17.by [句意:科學家們表示,到2050年,全球將再生產26.5萬億磅。此處表示“到“之前”應用介詞by,故填by.]
18.its [句意:同年,它在四川省的棲息地獲得了聯合國教科文組織世界遺產的稱號。根據設空后的名詞habitats可知,應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its.]
19.on [根據語境可知,這里指正處于尋找中的狀態(tài),此處應用介詞on,表示正在進行的狀態(tài)。故填on.]
20.myself[句意:我在這方面沒有受過特殊訓練,向陌生人介紹自己并不是我的天賦。設空處與主語指代同一個人,作賓語,表示“我自己”,應用反身代詞。故填myself]
21.for [句意:我原以為他會向我要錢,但他沒有。ask sb for sth“向某人要某物”。故填for.]
22.it[此處指代上文的“天間一號”探測器,應用代詞故填it]
23.as [句意:作為到2022年12月建成全載人空間站計劃的一部分,中國于4月29日發(fā)射了首個核心艙,被稱為天河。Be known as..“被稱為。。。;“著稱”,為固定短語。故填as]
as. 24.herself [句意:她一下子引起了全世界的注意。catapult into“使突然處于”,設空處作賓語,表示“她自己”,故填 herself.]
25.on [句意:不是在團隊中,而是在個人項目中,致力于培訓、指導或公開露面。固定搭配work on,意為“致力于”。故填on]
26.by[句意:2021年1月至5月,該縣涉及非法破壞森林資源的案件數量比去年同期下降76.6%.decline by表示“下降...”。故填by.]
27.to [句意:今天的日月灣,位于后海北部,是國家沖浪小組的家園,在2016年國際奧林匹克委員會認可沖浪為奧運會項目以后建立的。be home to“是·的家園”,故填to.]
28.someone's[句意:當然,在所有形式的交流中,幽默是贏得人心的自然方式。someone 與后文名詞 heart 構成所屬關系,應用所有格。故填 someone's]
29.by [句意:他以身作則教給我感激建立希望。by example“以身作則”,故填by.]
30.for [句意:是的,誤導孩子可能不會幫助他們的發(fā)展,但也可能有更深層次的問題導致他們難以集中注意力或行為。be responsible for“對···負責”,為固定短語。故填for.]
(二)單句表達
1.(2022·重慶市西南大學附屬中學高三摸底考試)奧運會真正的精神體現在一個默默無聞的失敗者身上。
________________ was embodied by an unknown underdog.
2.(2021·廣東珠海市二模)對這些文物的元素分析表明,它們的來源與長江沿岸的其他文化相似。
Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources similar to________________
3.(2022·山東師范大學附屬中學高三摸底考試)有些人可能在批判性思維和分析方面非常強,這可能表明他或她有成為科學家的天賦。
Someone could be very strong at critical thinking and analysis, which may indicate he or she has________________
4.(2022·廣東省廣州市第五中學高三月考)人們開始給他寄明信片、其他物品和電子郵件來訴說他們的秘密。
People then began to send him postcards, other objects and emails________________
5.(2022·重慶市第八中學高三摸底考試)如果你想在下次鍛煉中最大限度地燃燒脂肪,可以考慮在開始鍛煉前半小時喝杯咖啡一項新的研究表明,咖啡對燃燒脂肪有顯著的作用,尤其是在一天的晚些時候。
If you're looking to maximize the amount of fat burned in your next workout, think about having a coffee half an hour before you get started-as a new study suggests________________ to fat burning, especially later on in the day.
6.(2022·江蘇省南京市秦淮區(qū)中華中學高三摸底考試)它表示,最近的進步主要惠及了企業(yè)主,而不是通過改善工資和工作條件惠及全體勞動者。
It said recent progress had mainly benefited business owners, rather than being shared across the workforce________________
7.(2022·湖南省長沙市長郡中學高三月考)在這項研究中,莫澤和他的同事給參與者布置了一項很容易出錯的任務。
For this study, Moser and his colleagues gave participants a task that was________________ easy to
8.(2022·湖南省長沙市第一中學高三月考)這意味著每一個新的發(fā)展都必須是好的,但邏輯上肯定不是這樣的。
This would suggest that every new development________________ and surely that cannot logically be the case.
9.(2022·湖南省長沙市雅禮中學高三摸底考試)有史以來中國首次在火星上安全著陸一艘宇宙飛船,也是第一次嘗試,成為除美國之外唯一一個實現這一壯舉的國家。
China safely landed a spacecraft on Mars for the first time________________ and________________,becoming the only other nation besides the US to achieve such a feat.
10.(2022·江蘇省南京市第一中學高三摸底考試)你可以讓你的環(huán)境為你工作,而不是與你作對。
You can make your environment work for you________________.
11.(2022·江蘇省南京市第一中學高三上學期考試)他總是在尋找生活的意義,從青年時代起就對文學和哲學產生了濃厚的興趣。
He________________ a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy.
12.(2022·山東青島市第五十八中學高三期中考試)但是埃爾曼說,失明幫助她專注于尋找成功。
But Elman says that losing her sight helped her________________.
13.(2022·河北省邯鄲市高三摸底考試)然而,在悲痛中,他意識到,看到周圍的人感到悲傷,對他來說是多么困難。
However, in his grief he realized________________ to see others around him feeling sad.
14.(2022,遼寧省名校高二第二次聯考)最近,互聯網上出現了越來越多的網絡錯誤評論。
Recently, more and more online wrong comments have appeared________________.
15.(2022·廣東廣州高三月考)因為我從他那里得到了冒險精神,所以他很贊成。
Because I get my adventurous spirits from him, he was________________ it.
答案:
1.The true spirit of the Olympics
2.those of other cultures along the Yangtze River
3.an aptitude for becoming a scientist
4.telling their secrets
5.it can make a significant difference
6.through better wages and working conditions
7.make a mistake on
8.must be a good one
9.in its history; in its first attempt
10.instead of against you
11.was always searching for
12.focus on finding success
13.how difficult it was for him
14.on the Internet
15.in favor of
(三)翻譯
1.(2022·浙江省百校高三聯考)長時間坐著對你的健康、注意力和工作效率都有負面影響。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·山東師范大學附屬中學高三摸底考試)三個求職者在面試一家大公司的人力資源經理職位。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022·遼寧省鐵嶺市高三摸底考試)跟蹤北極熊數量的現代方法只是從二十世紀八十年代中期以來才開始采用,并且在如此大區(qū)域內持續(xù)采用是昂貴的。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·江蘇省南京市秦淮區(qū)中華中學高三摸底考試)我們必須確保明天的工作不會比今天的差。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·湖北省武漢市第一中學高三月考)在無數個小時的工作和付出之后,推動自己通過一個又一個的訓練,我最不想做的事情就是成為一個拉拉隊長。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.Sitting for long periods has negative effects on your health, concentration, and productivity.
2.Three applicants were interviewing for the job of human resource manager at a big company.
3.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
4.We must make sure that tomorrow's jobs are no worse than today's.
5.After endless hours of work and devotion, pushing myself through drill after drill, the last thing I want is to be a cheer leader.
第二步 精深學習
[精講]
一、代詞
1.人稱代詞
主格:I, you, he, she, it; we, you, they
賓格:me, you, him, her, it; us, you, them
2.物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞:my, your, his, her, its; our, your, their
名詞性物主代詞:mine, yours, his, hers, its; ours, yours, theirs
3.反身代詞
(1)反身代詞多在句中作賓語、表語或同位語:myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; oneself 也是反身代詞
(2)含有反身代詞的習慣用語
①與介詞連用
by oneself 獨自地 for oneself 親自 in oneself 本質上;本身 of oneself 自動地
②與動詞連用
come to oneself 蘇醒;恢復知覺
dress oneself 打扮;自己穿衣
devote oneself to 致力于;獻身于
behave oneself 舉止規(guī)矩有禮
apply oneself to 專心致志于
help oneself to 隨便吃/用
enjoy oneself 玩得開心
make oneself at home 別客氣
seat oneself 就座;人席
adapt/adjust oneself to 適應于
teach oneself 自學
speak to oneself 自言自語
think for oneself 獨立思考
4.指示代詞
this, that, these, those
5.(1)疑問代詞
who, whom, whose, which(也可指人),what,??勺髦髡Z、賓語、表語、定語或后跟of短語
(2)常用what的疑問句型
What is the height/weight/depth/length/width/size of...?··的高度/重量/深度/長度/寬度/尺寸是多少?
What is the population?人口是多少?
What is the distance?距離是多少?
What is the price?價格是多少?
What is your address?你的地址是什么?
What is your attitude?你的態(tài)度是什么?
(3)what的其他常見句型:
What about...?··怎么樣?(用于提出建議或詢問對方的情況)
What(...)for?為什么(·····)?(用于詢問原因或目的)
What if...?如果······怎么辦?(用于引出條件)
So what?那又怎樣?(表示某人對某事無所謂或認為某事不重要)
6.不定代詞
(1)both/neither/either/all/none/any
(2)each/every
(3)other/the other/others/the others
(4)a few/few/a little/little
【特別注意】復合不定代詞
something anything nothing everything;
someone anyone no one everyone;
somebody anybody nobody everybody
復合不定代詞構成的習慣搭配:
nothing but 僅僅;只是 anything but決不 or something 諸如此類的人或物
something of 有幾分;略微 something else 別的東西;另外一件事 for nothing 免費;徒然
7.it的用法
(1)指代提到過的或正在談論的動物或事物,及已知或正在發(fā)生的事實或情況等
Some of my friends who had been there before said it was wonderful holiday destination.
我的一些朋友之前去過那里,說那是一個度假的好去處。
(2)指代時間、距離、日期、天氣、溫度等,用作主語
It is six miles from here to the nearest hospital.
這離最近的醫(yī)院有六英里。(指距離)
It is early spring, but it is already very hot.
現在是早春,但天氣已經很熱了。(第一個It指代時間,第二個it指代天氣)
(3)指代說話者不清楚對方是誰或不清楚說話對象的性別時
-Someone is knocking at the door.
-Who can it be?
-有人在敲門。
-會是誰呢?
(4)作形式主語或形式賓語
①代替不定式、v.-ing形式、名詞性從句
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
蘇珊明確地告訴我她希望自己有新的生活。
(it是形式賓語,that she wished to...是真正的賓語)
It felt very funny watching myself on TV.
在電視上看到自己非常有趣。(It作形式主語,watching myself on TV是真正的主語)
②常用it作形式主語的句式有:
It is a pity/shame that.....··真可惜/遺憾
It is no wonder that....·.···不足為奇
It seems/appears that...似乎/看來··...
It looks/seems as if/as though...看起來好像·...
It happens that...碰巧···..·
It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb...that...某人突然想起······
It is said/reported that...據說/據報道···...
It is certain that....··.··是一定的
It is no use/good doing ...做······沒有用/好處
It takes sb some time to do 做······花費某人一些時間
(5)表示“喜歡”“恨”等情感傾向的動詞后面接it,構成固定結構“動
詞+it+ that/if/when...”這類動詞有:enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate 等
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
我討厭人滿嘴食物時說話。
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果能提前告訴我你是否能來,我將不勝感激。
(6)用于強調句型
“It is/was+被強調部分+that/who(指人)。。?!?br />
“Success is success but that is all that it is,"Dr Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
彼得羅斯基博士寫道:“成功就是成功,但也就只有這些了。”正是失敗帶來進步。
(7)常用短語或句型
make it 獲得成功;達到預定目標;(病痛等)好轉
see to it that...確?!?
count on/rely on/depend on it that ...相信····.
as someone puts it 像某人所說的那樣
When it comes to...當涉及/談到···.··
I can't help it.我沒辦法/情不自禁。
I take it that...我認為··...·
It's (high) time that sb should do/did sth 是某人該做某事的時候了。
It's the first/second/...time that sb have/has done sth 這是某人第一次/第二次/第······次做某事了。
It is/ has been...since...自從······已過了······時間了。
It will be/was...before...要過······時間才/在······之前已過了······時間。
See to it that you're ready on time!
請你務必按時準備好!
You can depend on it that he is helpful to you.
他對你有幫助,你可以相信這一點。
I'm also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants.
當涉及孩子們的鞋子和衣服以及昂貴的餐廳時,我也會很小氣。
二、介詞
1.表示時間的介詞
(1)for, from, since
①for后接時間段,表示行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久;
②from后接時間點,表示時間或狀態(tài)的起始點,不涉及其持續(xù)時間的長短;
③since后接時間點,不僅表示時間或狀態(tài)的起始點,而且還強調該行為或狀態(tài)從起始點一直延續(xù)說話的時刻,常與延續(xù)性動詞的完成時或完成進行時連用。
(2)in, on, at
①in
a.表示在某段較長的時間內(例如:星期、月份、年代、世紀或泛指的上午、下午和傍晚),如:in the 1980s,in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening;
b.后接時間段,表示多少時間之后,如:in two weeks兩周之后。
②on
a.表示具體某一天或具體的某一天的上午、下午或傍晚,如:on October the first, on a rainy day, on a sunny morning, on the morning of January the third.
b. on time 準時
③at表示時刻,如 at 12:00,at noon, at night, at dawn/daybreak(在黎明),at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落),at dusk(在黃昏)
【特別注意】 當時間名詞前被 this, that, last, next, some, every 等限制時,通常不用介詞。
(3)during(在··.·期間)表示某個動作或狀態(tài)在某個時間段內或整個過程中斷斷續(xù)續(xù)發(fā)生過多次,或在整個時間的某一時間點發(fā)生過。
2.表示地點和方位的介詞
(1)in, at
①in表示在城鎮(zhèn)以上的地點或表示“在·····里面”,如:in China, in the world;
②at用于較小很具體的地點,如:at the school gate.
(2)through, across, past, over
①through 表示從內部“穿過”,與“i”相關;
②across表示從表面“穿過”,與“o”相關;
③past 表示從旁邊“經過”;
④over表示從上方“跨過,越過”。
3.表示范圍的介詞
between, among二者都意為“在······之間”,between一般用于兩者范圍,among常用于三者或三者以上范圍或數目不確定的事物之間。
4.表示“除·····之外”的介詞
(1)except和 but 表示其后的賓語是被排除在外,側重同類事物的排除。
搭配:except/but to do 除了做······之外(當前句中有行為動詞do的任何形式時,to要省略)
(2)besides 表示其后的賓語是被包含在內的。
(3)except for 表示被排除的內容與主語不是同一類的。
(4)apart from 意為“除···之外”,可包括 except 和 besides 兩者的含義。
5.表示工具、手段、方式的介詞
(1)交通方式
①by+交通工具名詞單數
He often goes to school by bike/car/train/plane/boat.
他經常騎自行車/開車/乘火車/坐飛機/乘船去上學。
②by+ sea/air/land/water 表示交通方式
Tom went to Africa by sea/air/land/water last week.
上周湯姆乘船/坐飛機/走陸路/走水路去了非洲。
③on/in+冠詞/物主代詞/指示代同等+交通工具名同
go to school on the bus/in a ear/on his bike
④on foot 步行
(2)with/in/on表示“用”
①with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前,其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞修飾。
write with a pencil 用鉛筆寫字
cut the apple with a knife 用刀切蘋果
②in用于語言、字體、墨水、體裁、現金等。
in English 用英語,in ink用墨水,in cash用現金
③on表示“以··..方式”,多用于與無線電有關的固定詞組。
They talked on the telephone.
他們通過電話進行交談。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.
她通過收音機/電視學英語。
④其他表示“用”的短語
by hand用手工,by doing 通過做。。
in this way=by means of =with this method用這種方法/方式
[檢測]
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2022·重慶市南開中學高三月考)Roommate conflicts do harm_________ students' psychological health and cause depression.
2.(2022·廣東省高三階段性質量檢測)In Indonesia, India, Vietnam and China, kite flying is_________ sport and recreation.
3.(2022·廣東省珠海市高三摸底測試)Their tireless efforts eventually led to Rick graduating from Boston University_________ a degree in Special Education in 1993.
4.(2022·河北五校聯盟高三摸底考試)Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist who developed many high-yield rice varieties that helped feed people around the world, passed_________ on Saturday at a hospital in the southern city of Changsha.
5.(2022·河北百師聯盟高三聯考)AirCar CEO Professor Stefan Klein flew and landed the vehicle_________ its test flight.
6.(2022·湖北荊門高三摸底考試)The heartbroken Lady Meng Jiang killed herself_________ jumping into the sea.
7.(2022·湖北武漢高三聯考)This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code; but only one message could go_________ a time.
8.(2022·山東省濟南市萊蕪一中高三月考)We could do by keeping a minimum distance_________ the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the water at one time.
9.(2022·江蘇南京師范附屬中學高三摸底測試)After the company made the announcement on_________(it) social media platform, Sina Weibo, on Wednesday, it received widespread support.
10.(2022·重慶實驗外國語學校摸底測試)However, the name_________(it) was not coined until the 19th century by Ferdinand von Richthofen.
答案:
1.to [句意:室友沖突對學生的心理健康有害,導致抑郁。Do harm to“對···“有害”,為固定短語。故填
to.]
2.both [句意:在印度尼西亞、印度、越南和中國,放風箏既是運動也是娛樂。both...and..表示“·和··兩者都”。故填both.]
3.with [句意:他們不懈的努力最終使Rick(里克)于1993年從波士頓大學畢業(yè),獲得特殊教育學位。后跟名詞 degree作賓語,表示“獲得“學位”,應用介詞with.故填with.]
4.away [句意:中國科學家袁隆平于周六在中國南部城市長沙的一家醫(yī)院去世,他曾培育出許多高產水稻品種,幫助養(yǎng)活了世界各地的人們。pass away“去世”。故填away.]
5.on [句意:AirCar的首席執(zhí)行官 Stefan(斯坦芬·科蘭奈)教授在試飛時飛行并降落了飛機。on+adj./n.+flight
為固定搭配,意為“在···的飛行中”。故填on.]
6.by [句意:心碎的孟姜女跳海自殺。根據設空后的動詞-ing形式和句意可知,此處應用介詞by,表示方式。故填by]
7.at [句意;這條原始電報用莫爾斯電碼遠距離發(fā)送信息;但一次只能發(fā)送一條信息。at a time“一次”,為固定短語。故填at.]
8.between [句意:我們可以通過保持動物和船之間最小的距離,以及限制每一次在水面上的船的數量來做到這一點。between...and...“。·和·之間”,為固定短語。故填 between.]
9.its [句意:周三,該公司在其社交媒體平臺新浪微博上宣布這一消息后,得到了廣泛的支持。修飾名詞 platform 應用形容詞性物主代詞,表示“它的”。故填its.]
10.itself [此處指代主語 the name,應用反身代詞。故填 itself.]
(二)語法填空
(2022·山東青島高三摸底測試)Xi'an, or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries, has been a built-up urban area for over 3,000 years, and once 1 (serve) as capital for 13 dynasties. It is home 2 many immovable cultural heritages, three of 3 are on the UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.
These days, the city has made 4 (effect) exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy(遺產)。A recent piece of news 5 (announce) by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention, that a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi'an Metro Line 5. In order to protect the ruin, the metro line may have to change 6 (it) route.
7 (face) the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction, Xi'an made active 8 (attempt). Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are 9 (usual) buried in the layer within 5 meters from the surface level. Besides, the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories, presenting 10 visual feast for citizens.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案:
篇章導讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了西安這座城市在保留歷史遺產的同時,對建筑現代化進行了有效的探索。
1.served [考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:西安,又稱長安,已有3,000多年的歷史,曾是13個朝代的都城。根據“once”可知,and之后的句子為一般過去時。故填served.]
2.to[考查介詞。句意:這里有許多不可移動的文化遺產,其中三處已被聯合國教科文組織列入世界文化遺產名錄。be home to“(某地)是?!さ乃诘亍?。故填to.]
3.which [考查定語從句的引導詞。設空處引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 immovable cultural heritages,作of的賓語,應用關系代詞which.故填 which.]
4.effective [考查詞性轉換。句意:如今,這座城市在保留歷史遺產的同時,對建筑現代化進行了有效的探索。形容詞修飾名詞exploration.故填 effective.]
5.announeed [考查非謂語動詞。句意:陜西省文物局最近公布的一則消息引起了全國的關注,在西安地鐵5號線的建設過程中,發(fā)現了一處可以追溯到秦朝的古都遺址。設空處為非謂語動詞,recent piece of news 與announce 在邏輯上是被動關系,應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填 announced.]
6.its[考查代詞。句意:為了保護遺址,地鐵線路可能不得不改變路線。形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞route.故填it]
7.Facing [考查非謂語動詞。句意;面對保護文物和推進城市建設的重任,西安作出了積極的嘗試。設空處為非謂語動詞,Xi'an與face在邏輯上是主動關系,應用現在分詞作狀語,置于句首,首字母大寫。故填 Facing]
8.attempts [考查名詞attempt 為可數名詞,無不定冠詞修飾和限定,應用復數。故填 attempts. ]
9.usually [考查詞性轉換。句意:為了保護通常埋在地下5米以內的古墓,地鐵系統(tǒng)的軌道鋪在地下15~20
米的地方。副詞修飾動詞 buried.故填usually.]
10.a[考查冠詞。句意;此外,地鐵施工人員還在車站內的墻壁上繪制了歷史故事,為市民提供了一場視覺盛宴。feast為可數名詞,此處泛指“一場視覺盛宴”,visual的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故填a. ]
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