2023英語高考命題總復(fù)習(xí)----非謂語動詞-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?考點(diǎn)六非謂語動詞
第一步精準(zhǔn)刷題
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·新高考I卷)But that's how nature is-always leaving us________ (astonish).
2.(2021·新高考I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your________ (ache) legs.
3.(2021·全國甲卷)It is possible________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
4.(2021·全國乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become________ (educate) about the areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics.
5.(2021·全國乙卷)Minimize the impact of________ (visit) the place.
6.(2021·浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
7.(2021·全國甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike________ (talk) to others.
8.(2021·浙江諸暨市高三模擬)It's certainly not realistic________ (remove) all plastic from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
9.(2022·湖南省長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三摸底考試)Zhurong also has a magnetometer(隘力儀)，the first ever________ (send) to Mars on a rover.
10.(2021·浙江臺州市高三調(diào)考)In reality,however,60% of clothing nowadays is abandoned within a year of purchase, which produces vast quantities of waste that global landfills are struggling________ (absorb).
11.(2021·重慶市高三第二次預(yù)測性考試)NASA plans to have the astronauts________ (leave) the lander to collect soil and rock, search for water and other resources and carry out experiments.
12.(2021·遼寧省高三聯(lián)合調(diào)研)As I approached my car, I noticed one person________ (stand) beside me.
13.(2021·遼寧省高三聯(lián)合調(diào)研)Although I had money and a place________ (sleep), but I recognized that I needed help too.
14.(2021·湖北省黃岡市部分普通高中高三聯(lián)考) ________ (follow) the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government encouraged the country to contain the disease in Wuhan, Hubei Province, after the city was locked down in late January.
15.(2022·重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)高三月考)Since the Zhejiang Digital Parent School opened last year on Zhijianghui, an education app________ (release) by the provincial education department, it has issued 220,000 e-certificates to parents who participated in digital parent schools across the province.
16.(2022·廣東省深圳市七校聯(lián)合體高三第一次聯(lián)考)Previous population surveys had used conventional methods
________ (estimate)the size of the wild panda population.
17.(2022·重慶市高三診斷考試)Motsch and his colleagues wondered if ants on the move could get________ (stick) in the jams.
18.(2022·重慶實(shí)驗(yàn)外國語學(xué)校高三摸底測試)For several centuries, it was an outstanding network________ (include) routes both on the land and oceans.
19.(2022·廣東省深圳市七校聯(lián)合體第一次聯(lián)考)In 2006,there were 40 panda reserves in China, ________ (compare) to just 13 reserves two decades ago.
20.(2022·廣東省新高考高三省級摸底聯(lián)考) ________ (drive) by a combination of 48 large and small engines, the spacecraft traveled more than 470 million km and carried out four midcourse corrections and a deep-space trajectory maneuver before entering the orbit of Mars on February 10,2021.
21.(2022·湘豫名校聯(lián)考)Chinese scientist Yuan Longping saved millions of people from hunger by________ (develop) the first hybrid rice strains.
22.(2022·山東省濟(jì)寧市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三摸底考試)I was wondering if you could help me revise a short play________ (adapt) from our English textbook.
23.(2022·廣東廣州畢業(yè)班綜合測試一)It dates back to Levis first ever pair of jeans, ________ (hit) the market in 1879.
24.(2022·廣東新高三省級聯(lián)考)They were taken by the Tianwen 1 robotic mission, ________ (show) the Zhurong rover on the Martian surface and scenes of its landing site.
25.(2022·河北邯鄲高三適應(yīng)性考試)They are lit and put on the water in large groups________ (create) a beautiful spectacle on the water.
26.(2022·湖南長沙高三月考)In the 1950s and 1960s,many older British people were highly critical of the new concrete housing blocks that suddenly sprang up in cities, ________ (say) that they were ugly and depressing places to live in.
27.(2022·江蘇南京師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)摸底測試)What made the company's donation impressive and led it to go viral is the fact that the donation is a big sum for the company, ________ (consider) that ERKE's business didn't seem to develop very smoothly during the past few years.
28.(2022·江蘇蘇州高三調(diào)研)In examining my work, lectures, and books I have written over the years, it's difficult to isolate “humor” as a category because it runs through almost everything I do-and through most of my________ (wake) hours.
29.(2022·山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三測試)To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments need to consider making policies and________ (take) appropriate actions and measures while we as individuals can also reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyle produce.
30.(2022·湖北省武漢市部分學(xué)校高三質(zhì)量檢測)Then of course these are time for the children________ (make) a name and make little money in some big shows,
答案:
1.astonished [句意：但大自然就是這樣－－總是讓我們驚訝。此處是“l(fā)eave+賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”，補(bǔ)充說明賓語us的感受，故填astonished. ]
2.aching [句意：雖然在上山的路上，這是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整個冒險，并且提供了一個你可以坐下來休息你疼痛的雙腿的地方。修飾名詞legs應(yīng)用形容詞。故填 aching.]
3.to walk［句意：走著或騎自行車完成全部的14公里是可能的。此處為句型“it +be +adj.+to do sth”，it為形式主語，動詞不定式短語作真正的主語。故填to walk.]
4.educated [句意：這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游，因?yàn)樗茏屄眯姓吡私膺@個地區(qū)－無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色。educate 與traveler構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填educated.]
5.visiting [句意：最大限度地減少拜訪這個地方的影響。根據(jù)設(shè)空前介詞of可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動名詞形式作of的賓語。故填visiting.]
6.to plant [句意：瑪麗的妹妹弗朗西絲·托德·華萊士經(jīng)常來前院種花。設(shè)空處作狀語，表示目的，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填to plant.]
7.talking [句意：他們的答案也表明他們不喜歡和其他人交談。意為“不喜歡做某事＂。故填talking.]
8.to remove［句意；把所有的塑料從你的生活中去除當(dāng)然不現(xiàn)實(shí)，但一些統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)可能鼓勵你減少一次性塑料足跡。此處為句型＂it be+ adj.+to do sth”，it作形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語。故填to remove.]
9.sent［句意：“祝融”還有個隘力儀，這是第一個通過探測器送往火星的隘力儀send與邏輯主語 the first 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語。故填sent.]
10.to absorb［句意:事實(shí)上，如今60%的衣物在購買一年之后就被遣棄了，產(chǎn)生了大量的垃板，對此全球的垃圾填埋場部在努力處理。struggle to do sth“努力做某事”，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作賓語。故填 to absorb.]
11.leave [句意：美國國家航空航天局計劃讓字航員離開著陸器去收集土壤和巖石，尋找水和其他資源，并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。have sb do sth“讓某人做某事”，此處為省略to的不定式。故填leave.]
12.standing [句意：當(dāng)我靠近車時，我注意到一個人正站在我旁邊。notice sb doing sth“
“注意到某人正在做某事”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填standing.]
13.to sleep [句意：雖然我有錢，有地方睡覺，但我意識到我也需要幫助。設(shè)空處修飾名詞place,表示“睡覺的地方”，應(yīng)用不定式作后置定語。故填to sleep.]
14.Following [設(shè)空處作狀語，與句子主語 the Chinese government之間為主動關(guān)系，意為“在·.·以后”，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。句首字母大寫，故填 Following.]
15.released [句意：自去年浙江數(shù)字家長學(xué)校在省教育廳發(fā)布的教育應(yīng)用“知江匯”上開設(shè)以來，已經(jīng)向全省參加數(shù)字家長學(xué)校的家長發(fā)放了22萬張電子證書。release與其邏輯主語 an education app 之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填released.]
16.to estimate [句意：以前的種群調(diào)查是使用傳統(tǒng)的方法來估計野生熊貓種群規(guī)模的。短語 use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”。此處用動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。故填 to estimate.]
17.stuck [句意：Motsch(莫施）和他的同事們想要知道，是否螞蟻在移動中會陷入堵塞。get stuck in“陷入”。故填stuck.]
18.including [network和include 構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填including.]
19.compared [句意：對比20年前僅有13處自然保護(hù)區(qū)，2006年在中國已有40處大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)。設(shè)空前In 2006,there were 40 panda reserves in China所描述的情況與compare 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填 compared.]
20.Driven [句意：在48個大小發(fā)動機(jī)的共同驅(qū)動下，該航天器飛行了4.7億多公里，并在2021年2月10日進(jìn)入火星軌道之前進(jìn)行了4次中途修正和深空軌道機(jī)動。drive 與邏輯主語spacecraft 構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。且設(shè)空處位于句首，首字母要大寫。故填Driven.]
21.developing [句意：中國科學(xué)家袁隆平通過開發(fā)第一個雜交水稻品系，使數(shù)百萬人免于饑餓。此處作介詞by的賓語，應(yīng)用動名詞。故填developing.]
22.adapted［句意：我想知道你是否能幫我修改一個改編自我們的英語教科書的短劇。adapt與a short play之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填 adapted.]
23.hitting［hit和邏輯主語jeans之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填 hitting.]
24.showing［句意：它們是由“天問一號”機(jī)器人任務(wù)拍攝的，展示了“祝融”號探測器在火星表面及其著陸點(diǎn)的景象。show與其邏輯主語they是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填 showing.]
25.to create［句意：它們被點(diǎn)燃，成群地放在水面上，創(chuàng)造出一個美麗的水上奇觀。此處應(yīng)用不定式短語作狀語，表示目的。故填to create.]
26.saying［句意：在二十世紀(jì)五六十年代，許多英國老年人對城市中突然涌現(xiàn)的新型混凝土住宅街區(qū)持高度批評態(tài)度，稱它們是丑陋和令人壓抑的居住場所。邏輯主語 many older British people與say之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填saying.]
27.considering [句意：ERKE的捐贈之所以讓人印象深刻，并迅速走紅，是因?yàn)檫@對公司來說是一筆大數(shù)目，而ERKE的業(yè)務(wù)在過去幾年似乎發(fā)展得并不順利。動詞consider 和設(shè)空前 what made the company's...for the company 所描述的情況構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填 considering.]
28.waking [句意：在審視我多年來寫的作品、講座和書籍時，很難將“幽默”單獨(dú)歸為一個類別，因?yàn)樗鼛缀踟灤┝宋易龅拿恳患?，也貫穿了我醒著的大部分時間。修飾名詞hours,應(yīng)用形容詞 waking 作定語。故填 waking.]
29.taking [句意：為了減少溫室氣體排放，政府需要考慮制定政策并采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆雍痛胧?，而我們作為個人也可以通過限制我們的生活方式產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳量來減少我們的“碳足跡”。consider doing sth 表示“考慮做某事”。故填taking.]
30.to make [time后應(yīng)用動詞不定式作后置定語，表示“給孩子們?nèi)カ@得名聲和賺錢的時間”。故填to make.]
(二)單句表達(dá)
1.(2022·河南省鄭州市第一口六商級中學(xué)高三月考)因此，你能從新書中聞到不同的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的味道。
Therefore, you can smell different chemicals________________ your new book.
2.(2022·湘豫名校聯(lián)考)聲明說：“他今天去世了，(因病)享年91歲，但他結(jié)束饑餓的使命將繼續(xù)存在，他的遺產(chǎn)將被世世代代銘記。”
“He passed away today at 91 (due to illness) but his mission________________ will live on and his legacy will be remembered for generations," it said.
3.(2022·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)因此，如果你害怕去看牙醫(yī)，那就真的不是你牙醫(yī)的錯了。
So, if you are afraid of________________，it really might not be your dentist's fault.
4.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大聯(lián)考)生命教育讓孩子懂得如何與自然和生物友好相處。
Life education allows kids to know________________ with nature and creatures in a friendly way.
5.(2022·浙江省高三考前適應(yīng)性檢測)現(xiàn)在公眾對森林火災(zāi)有一種誤解，認(rèn)為火災(zāi)應(yīng)該遠(yuǎn)離任何類型的森林。
The public nowadays has a misunderstanding of forest fires, ________________ should be kept out of every type of forest.
6.(2021·廣東省廣州市高三階段訓(xùn)練)這項(xiàng)發(fā)明使歐洲的書面交流發(fā)生了巨大的變化，使越來越多的人更容易學(xué)會閱讀。
This invention produced an enormous change in written communication in Europe and made it easier for________________ of people to learn to read.
7.(2022·河北省衡水市武強(qiáng)中學(xué)高三第二次月考)熊貓身穿象征純潔和力量的全身冰衣，頭戴彩色光環(huán)的頭盔。
________________ body suit of ice, a symbol of purity and strength, the panda wears a helmet with colored halo.
8.(2022·重慶市西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三摸底考試)如果有很多機(jī)會，
我真的需要坐下來思考我的人生想做什么。
________________，I need to really sit down and think what l want to do with my life.
9.(2021·山東省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三二模)每當(dāng)我感到疲倦或有玩電腦游戲的沖動時，我就會想到我的目標(biāo)，很快就恢復(fù)了力量。
Whenever I felt tired or had an urge________________ I thought of my goal and soon regained strength.
10.(2022·廣東金太陽大聯(lián)考摸底考試)制作扇子的材料主要是絲綢。
The materials used________________ were mainly silk.
11.(2022·廣東廣州畢業(yè)班綜合測試)每天根據(jù)你的價值觀和夢想做出選擇，因?yàn)槟忝刻斓纳罘绞绞悄闵罟适轮械囊痪湓挕?br /> Make choices every day________________ because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
12.(2022·河南中原名校聯(lián)盟教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)載著乘客的船在水中滑行，在海面上激起一條條波浪和輕柔的漣漪。
The boat that transported passengers glided through the water, ________________ and gentle ripples through the sea.
13.(2022·廣東省階段性質(zhì)量檢測)它由瑞典藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作，以一頭俯瞰冰床的三米高的非洲大象為特色。
Created by Swedish artist, it features a three-meter-tall sculpted African elephant________________.
14.(2022·河北邯鄲高三適應(yīng)性考試)他們吃爆米花、聊天、大笑、聽故事，一直玩到很晚。
They had a great time________________ until very late.
15.(2022·廣東廣州畢業(yè)班綜合測試)然而，最近的研究支持這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即記住一個標(biāo)志的外觀是一項(xiàng)非常困難的任務(wù)。
However, recently research supports the idea that________________ is a very difficult task.
答案:
1.coming out of
2.to end hunger
3.going to the dentist
4.how to live
5.believing that fires
6.a growing number
7.Dressed in a full
8.Offered many opportunities
9.to play computer games
10.to make fans
11.based on your values and dreams
12.sending ribbons of waves
13. overlooking an ice bed
14.eating popcorn, talking, laughing and listening to stories
15.remembering what a logo looks like
(三)翻譯
1.(2022·重慶南開中學(xué)高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測)道路應(yīng)該用能使水滲入地下的材料建造。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)我不習(xí)慣一大早就起床。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022·江蘇省宿遷青華中學(xué)高三第二次月考)她在新疆長大，受到多民族文化的影響，致力于用剪紙講述新疆的故事。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·山東省師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三摸底測試)失敗是生活的一部分，我不止一次面對過。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·江蘇省蘇州市高三調(diào)研)茶對我們的身體健康也有一些好處－它與長壽有關(guān)。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.Roads should be built with materials allowing water to soak into the ground.
2.I wasn't/didn't get used to getting up so early in the morning.
3. Growing up in the region and influenced by diverse ethnic cultures, she is committed to telling Xinjiang stories through her paper cutting.
4. Losing is a part of life, and I have dealt with it on more than one occasion.
5.Tea also has some benefits for our physical health-it's linked to a longer life.

第二步精深學(xué)習(xí)
［精講］
一、動詞－ing形式
語態(tài)形式
時態(tài)形式
主動

被動

一般時
doing
being done
完成時
having done
having been done
1.動詞－ing形式作主語(doing/being done 作主語不表示正在進(jìn)行，只表示主／被動)
(1)動名詞(短語)作主語時，可以直接放在句首。謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)，但表示多于一個的概念時，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。
Playing cellphone games is his favourite.
玩手機(jī)游戲是他的最愛。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies, and I also like to read short stories.
跳舞和溜冰是我的愛好，同時我也喜歡讀短篇小說。
(2)有時用it作形式主語，常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/
no good doing sth 結(jié)構(gòu)中。
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.
想要說服這樣一個固執(zhí)的人是沒有什么用的。
2.動詞－ing形式作賓語(doing/being done 作賓語不表示正在進(jìn)行，只表示主／被動)
I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.
我通過做力所能及的家務(wù)活幫助媽媽。
The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.
這男孩因不被允許進(jìn)入游樂場而大聲哭泣。
【特別注意】
(1)以下短語中to都是介詞
be used to doing 習(xí)慣于 object to 反對 devote oneself to 致力于stick to 堅持 pay attention to 注意 look forward to 期盼 adapt to 適應(yīng) adjust to(使)適應(yīng)于 owe...to歸咎于 be addicted to 對。。。。。上癮
(2)動詞－ing形式可以作某些及物動詞的賓語，只跟動名詞(doing)
作賓語的動詞有：
mind(介意)，miss(錯過)，mention(提到)，enjoy(喜歡)，escape(逃避)，practise(練習(xí))，postpone(推遲)，permit(允許)，suggest(建議)，stand/bear/tolerate(忍受)，consider(考慮)，keep(保持)，avoid(避免)，admit(承認(rèn))，advise(建議)，allow(允許)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒險)，resist(抵制)，recommend(建議)，finish(完成)，forbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜歡)，delay(延遲)，quit(放棄)，deny(否認(rèn))
3.動詞－ing 形式作表語(doing/being done 作表語不表示正在進(jìn)行，只表示主／被動)
(1)表示籠統(tǒng)的、抽象的概念。
(2)如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞－ing形式，則形容詞意義較強(qiáng)，表示“令人·.的”，往往物作主語。如：
amazing, boring, confusing, disappointing, exciting, frightening等。
4.動詞－ing形式作定語
(1)單個的動詞－ing形式作定語，放在被修飾詞之前。
falling leaves 正在落下的樹葉
a sleeping child 睡著的孩子
【特別注意】動名詞可置于名詞前作定語，表示被修飾的名詞的用途和性能。
a swimming pool 游泳池
a reading room 閱覽室
(2)動詞－ing形式短語作定語，要放在被修飾詞之后。
5、動詞－ing形式作狀語
(1)doing與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生。
(2)having done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。
(3)having been done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生。
6、動詞－ing形式作賓補(bǔ)
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為“叫、＋8b/sth。。?！薄？梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動詞(短語)有：“一感”(feel),“一抓”(catch) “一發(fā)現(xiàn)”(find),“二聽”(listen to/hear),“四讓”(have/keep/get/leave)和“五看”(see/watch/look at/observe/notice).
二、過去分詞
1.過去分詞作定語
當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表示分詞動作已完成時，用done.
(1)單個的過去分詞作定語，往往放在被修飾詞之前。
the injured worker 受傷的工人
(2)過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞之后。
the castle captured by the British 被英國人占領(lǐng)的城堡
2.過去分詞作狀語
其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者，過去分詞與主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。
Seen from the top of the mountain, our city looks beautiful.
從山頂上望去，我們的城市很美。
3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，構(gòu)成“vt、＋sb/ sth+ done”結(jié)構(gòu)?？梢杂糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：
(1)感官動詞 see, watch, hear, feel, find, notice等。
(2)使役動詞 have, make keep, leave, get等。
(3)表示“想、希望、好惡”的單詞，如want, wish, like等。
4.過去分詞作表語
如果是和情緒相關(guān)的動詞的過去分詞形式，則形容詞意義較強(qiáng)，表示“感到··...的”，往往人作主語。如：
amazed, bored, confused, disappointed, excited, frightened等等。
三、不定式
語態(tài)形式
時態(tài)形式
主動

被動

一般時
to do
to be done
完成時
to have done
to have been done
1.不定式作主語
(1)不定式作主語時，可以直接放在句首，謂語動詞常常用單數(shù)。
(2)不定式作主語時，更多放在謂語之后，用it作形式主語，常用于“It is/was +adj.(＋for/of sb)+to do sth'”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
2.不定式作賓語
(1)可在intend(打算)，plan(計劃)，expect(期望)，pretend(假裝)，would like/love/prefer(喜歡)，wish(希望)，decide(決定)，agree(同意)，help(幫助)，manage(設(shè)法)，persuade(說服)，refuse(拒絕)，seem/appear(好像)，promise(答應(yīng))，attempt(企圖)，choose(選擇)，ask(詢問)，learn(學(xué)習(xí))，tell(告訴)，fail(失敗)，afford(付得起)等后作賓語。
(2)在某些動詞如 find, think, consider, feel, make, believe等后，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語不定式后置。
3.不定式作表語
主語往往是dream, goal, aim, purpose, plan 等表示意向、打算、計劃的詞。
4.不定式作定語
(1)當(dāng)被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞 the only, the next等修飾時，常常用to do 作定語。
(2)用在固定句型 sb have sth to do 和 there be sth to do 中。
(3)修飾某些名詞，如 chance, opportunity, way, ability, plan等。
5.不定式作狀語
(1)作目的狀語時，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用 in order to do, so as to do 等，但 so as to do不能置于句首。
(2)作結(jié)果狀語時，常用于too...to, enough to, so/such...as to 結(jié)構(gòu)中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。
(3)作原因狀語時，常用于 be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中。
6.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
(1)在很多動詞后都可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如
ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
(2)下列動詞(短語)接省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：“一感”(feel),“二聽”(hear, listen to),“三使”(let, have, make),“五看”(see, notice, observe, watch, look at),“半幫助”(help),但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需加to.
I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular recently.＝The girl is often heard to sing the song which is popular recently.
我經(jīng)常聽到這個小女孩唱這首最近很流行的歌。
【特別注意】
(1)非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致。
(2)若非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，則要在非謂語動詞前加上其自身的邏輯主語，即“邏輯主語(名詞／代詞)＋非謂語動詞”，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
(3)with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
①with+名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動和動作正在進(jìn)行
②with+名詞／代詞＋過去分詞，過去分詞表示被動和動作已完成
③with+名詞／代詞＋不定式，不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生
(4)下列動詞或詞組既可以接動名詞作賓語，也可以接不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別：
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味著做某事
forget to do sth 忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事(已做)
regret to do sth 對即將做的事表示遺憾(未做)
regret doing sth 對做過的事表示遺憾／后悔(已做)
try to do sth盡力／努力去做某事
try doing sth 試著做某事
go on to do sth 繼續(xù)做另外一件事
go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做原來做的事
remember to do sth 記得去做某事(未做)
remember doing sth 記得做過某事(已做)

［檢測］
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·全國甲卷)After_______ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2.(2022·湖北省武漢市第一中學(xué)高三月考)The pot is also different_______ (make) of brass (黃銅) and with chimney in the middle.
3.(2022·浙江省山水聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)Their work was expected to enable the China Manned Space Agency_______ (accumulate) experience and check the capability.
4.(2022·湖南長郡高三月考)Additionally, if parents are constantly lying to their children, there may potentially be other underlying relational issues_______ (contribute) to problems in adolescence and adulthood.
5.(2021·全國新高考高三測試)In the job interviews, some applicants often find themselves_______ (ask) unexpected questions, some very difficult to answer.
6.(2022·重慶南開中學(xué)高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測)Soullin suggests_______ (avoid) listening to music right before bed to limit the chance of a catchy tune taking hold in our minds.
7.(2022·重慶外國語學(xué)校高三摸底考試)Despite this, the term was not made known to the academic world until the 20th century, when geographer Sven Hedin wrote a book_______ (title)“The Silk Road” in 1938.
8.(2022·浙江百校聯(lián)考)We might have a good time playing with friends or enjoy_______ (beat) that level of Candy Crush while we wait for an appointment, but most people are able to stop playing with no difficulty.
9.(2022·江蘇南京高三?？?Video_______ (post) online shows three tourists, two women and a man, are scrawling on the wall of Badaling section of the Great Wall, a world-famous scenic spot and the nation's key cultural relic protection site, at around 1 pm.
10.(2022·重慶市第八中學(xué)高三摸底考試)Researchers found that 3 milligrams of caffeine per kilogram of body weight can boost the rate of fat burning during aerobic(有氧的)exercise, _______ (base)on results gathered from 15 male volunteers.
答案:
1.spending [此處After為介詞，應(yīng)用動名詞形式作介詞的賓語。故填 spending.]
2.made [pot和make是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填 made.]
3.to accumulate［enable...to do...為固定搭配，意為“讓?！ぁ?·..能夠做故填 to accumulate.]
4.contributing［句意：此外，如果父母經(jīng)常對孩子撒謊，可能會有其他潛在的關(guān)系問題導(dǎo)致孩子在青春期和成年期出現(xiàn)問題。contribute和名詞 issues 為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填contributing.]
5.asked［句意：在面試當(dāng)中，一些申請人常常發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己被問一些沒有預(yù)料到的問題，一些問題很難回答。ask與themselves構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填asked.]
6.avoiding [句意：Soullin(蘇林）建議不要在睡覺前聽音樂，這樣就不會讓瑯瑯上口的曲子在我們腦海中留下印象。suggest doing sth表示“建議做某事”。故填 avoiding. ]
7.titled [邏輯主語 title與book之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填titled.]
8.beating [enjoy doing sth“喜歡做某事”，應(yīng)用動名詞作賓語。故填beating]
9. posted [post和video 構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填posted.]
10.based [句意：以15名男性志愿者身上收集的數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在有氧運(yùn)動中，每千克體重攝入3毫克咖啡因可以加快脂肪燃燒速度。Base...on…“把建立在·基礎(chǔ)上”在句中作非謂語動詞，設(shè)空前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是被建立在“results gathered from 15 male volunteers”之上的，應(yīng)用過去分詞。故填 based. ]
(二)語法填空
(2022·T8聯(lián)考)I've had my fair share of travelling around China, and a recent week-long trip to Guizhou was my first time to the province. I tried looking up the meaning and significance of the name Guizhou before the trip, 1 (basic) to have a reasonable idea of what was in store for me. But that was 2 hard task so I inquired from a Chinese colleague on the trip. From what she said, initially the province 3 (name) after a famous mountain called “ Gui”， sort of noble in literal translation and “zhou”， which simply means province in Chinese. 4 (keep) that in mind I set out on a journey of discovery and 5 I found was mind-blowing, a photographer's paradise. Generally 6 (describe) as a mountainous province in southwestern China, with Guiyang as 7 (it)capital, the province is truly one of nature's best kept secrets. Compared to other leading 8 (province) in China, with regard 9 development, Guizhou has some catching-up to do. However, the province remains unique not only for its amazing landscape, 10 for the role it played in the political history of modern China and the role it is to play in the world.
1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. _______ 5. _______
6. _______ 7. _______ 8. _______ 9. _______ 10. _______
答案:篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章以作者的第一視角，記敘了自己的中國之行。
1.basically [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。basically“主要地”，副詞作狀語。故填 basically.]
2.a [考查冠詞。a hard task“一個艱難的任務(wù)”。故填a.]
3.was named［考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文中的動詞said可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時；be named after“以·····來命名”。故填 was named.]
4.Keeping [考查非謂語動詞。keep與I之間為主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填 Keeping.]
5.what [考查主語從句的連接詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句中缺賓語，表示“··..··的事情”，應(yīng)用what.故填 what.]
6.described [考查非謂語動詞。describe與province之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。故填 described]
7.its [考查代詞。修飾名詞capital,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its. ]
8.provinces［考查名詞。設(shè)空前有 other,且 province為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填provinces.]
9.to［考查介詞。with regard to是固定搭配，意為“關(guān)于，至于”。故填to.]
10.but［考查連詞。not on but(also)。。。是固定搭配，意為“不僅····,而且“”。故填but.]

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