?考點(diǎn)八 名詞性從句
第一步 精準(zhǔn)刷題
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·新高考I卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2.(2021·全國甲卷)It's said________ history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.
3.(2021·浙江高考)This is________ they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.
4.(2021·廣東四市聯(lián)考)After a typically dry summer, California is heading into________ normally is the most dangerous time for wildfires when fall comes.
5.(2021·江蘇鹽城高三三模) ________ stops learning is old and stays learning is young, whether at twenty or eighty.
6.(2022·重慶市第八中學(xué)高三期中考試)Dogs that have healed with proper treatment are sent back to________ they came from if the environment there is safe.
7.(2021·長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三二診)It was even shocking my________ teacher could see the invisible.
8.(2021·江蘇南京六校聯(lián)考)Taking a gap year before you move into further education offers you a chance to lean new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on________ university is right for you.
9.(2021·浙江諸暨市高三模擬)If you take a look around your kitchen or office, chances are________ you'll notice that you are surrounded by plastic water bottles, take-out cups, plastic grocery bags and food packages.
10.(2021·福建省福州第一中學(xué)高三第四次適應(yīng)性考試)That's________ most of us consume them now anyway.
11.(2021·浙江臺州市高三調(diào)考)Well-made, long-lasting clothing is________ we should buy and wear.
12.(2021·長沙市雅禮中學(xué)高三二診)My parents made the proposal________ I should ask them directly and so I did.
13.(2021·廣東佛山市高三月考)The second reason is________ even though young people learn English nowadays, the education system doesn't give them many opportunities to use it.
14.(2021·湖南師大附中高三二模)Spanish sport newspaper Marca noted that Wu has answered those who doubted his move to the club and________ “his quick adaptation to La Liga(西甲) has surprised many people.”
15.(2021·山東省濟(jì)南高三模擬)There is no doubt________ it is of great help to their study and future life.
16.(2021·濟(jì)南市山東師范大學(xué)附中高三二模)As I was struggling to figure out what to do, a middle-aged man knocked on my car window and asked me________ I needed help.
17.(2021·福建泉州高三期中)Obviously________ we do morning exercises every day does us good.
18.(2021·吉林長春外國語學(xué)校高三期中) ________ we will go camping this weekend depends on the weather.
19.(2021·河北省衡水中學(xué)高三第二次聯(lián)考)This was________ Samuel would spend years fighting against.
20.(2021·江蘇省南京市高三三模)Dogs have an excellent sense of smell, which is________ the folks at Penn Vet Working Dog Center are training dogs to identify the smell of cancer.
21.(2022·湖南長沙高三測試)Their complaints that things used to be better in the past or________ some new development is no good can be dismissed as the unavoidable thoughts of people who simply don't like change and are therefore unable to see the benefits of progress.
22.(2022·山東省日照市高三摸底考試)On long journeys, it was my job to trace our route with my finger and call out directions even though my parents knew exactly________ we were going.
23.(2022·重慶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試)He often said in interviews________ he was driven to increase rice output in China because of the hunger he had witnessed.
24.(2022·江蘇南京高三適應(yīng)性測試)Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in________ you pack on the pounds or keep them off.
25.(2022·遼寧沈陽高三摸底考試)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
26.(2022·廣東廣州高三四校聯(lián)考)But there are different ideas about________ birth order means.
27.(2022·湖北省武漢市部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三聯(lián)考)Bell never set out to invent the telephone and________ he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.
28.(2022·廣東廣州天河區(qū)高三綜合測試一)And now that we've got to know the tiny jean pocket, find out________ blue is the most common color.
29.(2022·重慶市西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三摸底考試)She must also figure out________ it will mean for her future.
30.(2022·江蘇省宿遷青華中學(xué)高三第二次月考)It means that he could do________ he liked and took that opportunity to start the business with a four-day week.
答案:
1.What [設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，指代事情；且設(shè)空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填What.]
2.that [句意：據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而這些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂部設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。it作形式主語，設(shè)空后的從句是主語從句，從句中不缺少成分，且意義完整。故填that.]
3.what [句意：這是他們在大多數(shù)銀行和快餐店做的事。系動(dòng)詞is后面的從句是表語從句，從句的動(dòng)詞do后面缺少賓語，表示“。的事”。故填what.]
4,what [句意：在經(jīng)歷一慣的干燥夏季之后，加州正進(jìn)入通常情況下秋天來臨時(shí)發(fā)生野火的最危險(xiǎn)時(shí)期。介詞后的從句為賓語從句，設(shè)空處在從句中作主語，表示“。。。的時(shí)候”。故填what.]
5.Whoever [句意：無論誰，不管是二十還是八十，停止學(xué)習(xí)的人就是老年人，堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的人就是年輕人。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，指人。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“無論誰”，且句首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填 Whoever.]
6.where [句意；如果環(huán)境安全，經(jīng)過適當(dāng)治療而痊愈的狗會(huì)被送回它們原來的地方。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用where 連接。故填 where.]
7.that [句意；更令人震驚的是，我的老師竟然能看到那些看不見的東西。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，作真正的主語，讓作形式主語；設(shè)空處在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。故填that. ]
8.whether［句意；在深遣之前體學(xué)一年為你提供了一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)新手藝的機(jī)會(huì)，并給你時(shí)間來思考大學(xué)是否適合你。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”，且從句作介詞on的賓語。故填whether. ]
9.that [句意；如果你看看你的廚房或辦公室，很有可能你會(huì)注意到你周圍都是塑料水瓶、外賣杯，塑料購物袋和食品包裝袋。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，chances are that ...意為“很有可能”，that 引導(dǎo)表語從句。故填that.]
10.how [句意；反正我們大多數(shù)人現(xiàn)在都是這么吃的。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作狀語，意為“。的方式”。故填how.]
11.what [句意；我們應(yīng)該購買和穿質(zhì)量好、時(shí)穿的衣物。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，且在從句中作buy和wear的賓語，表示”·的東西”。故填what.]
12.that [句意：我的父母建議我應(yīng)該直接問他們，我就這樣做了。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明 proposal的內(nèi)容，在從句中不作任何成分，且從句意義完整。故填that.]
13.that [句意：第二個(gè)原因是，即使現(xiàn)在的年輕人學(xué)習(xí)英語，教育系統(tǒng)并沒有給他們很多機(jī)會(huì)使用它。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，且從句不缺成分和意義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故填that.]
14.that [句意：西班牙體育報(bào)紙《馬卡報(bào)》指出，吳回應(yīng)了那些質(zhì)疑他轉(zhuǎn)會(huì)的人，并稱“他對西甲的快速適應(yīng)讓很多人感到驚訝”。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句句意完整、成分齊全，應(yīng)用that 引導(dǎo)。故填 that.]
15.that [設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明doubt所表示的具體內(nèi)容，且從句句意完整、成分齊全，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故填that.]
16.if/whether [句意：當(dāng)我在努力尋找解決方法時(shí)，一個(gè)中年人敲了敲我的車窗，問我是否需要幫助。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺成分，表示“是否”。故填if/whether.]
17.that [句意：顯然，我們每天做早操對我們有好處。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句句意完整，成分齊全。故填that.]
18.Whether [句意：這個(gè)周末我們是否去露營取決于天氣。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句不缺成分，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用whether連接，表示“是否”，且句首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填 Whether.]
19.what [句意：這就是Samuel(塞繆爾）花費(fèi)數(shù)年時(shí)間與之斗爭的東西。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作 against的賓語，指物。故填what.]
20.why [句意：狗有很好的嗅覺，這就是為什么賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)獸醫(yī)工作犬中心的人訓(xùn)練狗來識別癌癥的氣味。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作狀語，意為“·的原因”。故填why.]
21.that [句意：他們抱怨過去的情況更好，或者一些新的發(fā)展不好，這些都可以被認(rèn)為是人們不可避免的想法，他們只是不喜歡改變，因此看不到進(jìn)步的好處。根據(jù)or可知，此處應(yīng)用連接詞that,連接并列的同位語從句，共同作 complaints的同位語。故填 that.]
22.where [句意：在長途旅行中，我的工作是用手指標(biāo)出路線，并喊出方向，盡管我的父母清楚地知道我們要去哪里。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用 where 引導(dǎo)。故填where.]
23.that [句意：他經(jīng)常在采訪中說，他被迫增加中國的大米產(chǎn)量，因?yàn)樗H眼目睹的饑餓。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句句意完整，成分齊全。故填that.]
24.whether [句意：專家表示，你的家居設(shè)計(jì)方式可能會(huì)影響到你是增重還是減肥。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句不缺成分，意為“是否”，且從句作介詞if的賓語。故填 whether.]
25.that [主句為there be句型，且結(jié)構(gòu)完整，設(shè)空后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內(nèi)容。故填 that.]
26.what [句意：但是關(guān)于出生順序的含義有不同的觀點(diǎn)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句缺少賓語，指物。故填what.
27.what [句意：貝爾從未打算發(fā)明電話，他試圖設(shè)計(jì)的是多路電報(bào)。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句中缺少主語，指物，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what.]
28.why [句意：既然我們已經(jīng)知道了牛仔褲的小口袋，那就來看看為什么藍(lán)色是最常見的顏色。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作find out的賓語，表示原因，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)。故填why. ]
29.what [句意：她還必須弄清楚這對她的未來意味著什么。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且從句缺少賓語，指物。故填what.]
30.what [設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“．···的事情”，應(yīng)用what連接。故填what.]
(二)單句表達(dá)
1.(2021·福建省福州第一中學(xué)高三第四次適應(yīng)性考試)他還認(rèn)為，作家應(yīng)該承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任。
It was also his view________________________________.
2.(2021·山東棗莊高三模擬考試)無論你是富有還是貧窮，年老或者年輕，每個(gè)人都可以向別人投擲彩色粉末。
It does not matter________________________________ everyone can throw coloured paint powder at each other.
3.(2021·江蘇高三?？?這就是為什么更多的人更喜歡從縣里和農(nóng)村搬到城市。
That's________________________________ from counties and villages prefer to move into cities.
4.(2021·湖北省襄陽市第四中學(xué)高三一模)但是，真正讓我們的教學(xué)變復(fù)雜的是，我們也在努力同時(shí)教授更深層面的知識。
But________________________________ is that we're also trying to teach a deeper lesson at the same time.
5.(2022·山東省青島市第五十八中學(xué)高三期中考試)Elman在她生命中最黑暗的時(shí)期逃離到了這里。
It's________________________________ during the darkest period of her life.
6.(2021·福建泉州高三期中)你只能確定你現(xiàn)在擁有的東西；你不能確定你將來可能得到的東西。
You can only be sure of________________________________；you cannot be sure of something that you might get in the future.
7.(2021·江蘇南通高三月考)你們的支持對我們的工作很重要；無論你們能做什么都會(huì)有所幫助。
Your support is important to our work; ________________________________helps.
8.(2021·江蘇蘇州高三月考)由于大熊貓非常罕見，我們對大熊貓的了解大多來自對這些動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物的研究。
Because they are so rare, much of________________________________ comes from studying these zoo animals.
9,(2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州高年月考)有證據(jù)表明，針刺療法始于石器時(shí)代，當(dāng)時(shí)被稱為“砭”的石器被用來按壓身體的部位。
________________________________ acupuncture began during the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body.
10.(2022·廣東深圳羅湖區(qū)高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測)對我們黑猩猩項(xiàng)目來說，這就是它的全部意義；給予黑猩猩選擇的自由。
To us at Project Chimps, this is________________________________ giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose.
11.(2022·河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三摸底聯(lián)考)當(dāng)看到發(fā)生了什么事，鱷魚還在我身后的水中漂浮時(shí)，其中一人向空中開了一槍，把鱷魚嚇跑了。
On seeing________________________________ and the crocodile, which was still floating in the water behind me, one of them fired a shot in the air to frighten the crocodile away.
12.(2022·河北省邯鄲市高三摸底考試)雖然他欣然承認(rèn)他仍然為母親的去世感到悲傷，但微笑使命給了他一種使命感。
While he readily admitted________________________________ his mother's death, the smile mission had given him a sense of purpose.
13.(2022·湖北省荊門市高三摸底考試)Taylor 告訴 Dezeen 記者：“我們的主要目標(biāo)是讓人們注意到我們的海洋需要我們的幫助。”
“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact________________________________，”Taylor told Dezeen.
14.(2022·湖北武漢市五校聯(lián)合體高三聯(lián)考)無論如何，很明顯，幸福充其量只是縣花一現(xiàn)，變化無常。
In any case, ________________________________is that happiness is, at best, fleeting(飛逝的) and inconstant.
15.(2022·湖南省長沙雅禮中學(xué)高三摸底考試)它讓我們驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)的善舉對接受善舉的人意味著什么。
It amazed us________________________________ to the people who received it.
答案:
1.that writers should take social responsibility
2.whether you are rich, poor, old or young
3.why more people
4.what's really makes our teaching complicated
5.where Elman fled
6. what you have at present
7.whatever you can do
8.what we know about pandas
9.There is evidence that
10.what it is all about
11.what was happening
12.that he was still sad about
13.that our oceans need our help
14.what is clear
15.what random actions of kindness could mean
(三)翻譯
1.(2021·廣東省韶關(guān)市高三一模)有一天，宣布戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州高三檢測)這本書對任何想做這項(xiàng)工作的人都很有幫助。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2021·華東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三期中)經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的調(diào)查，找到那輛丟失的汽車的希望不大。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·浙江高三適應(yīng)性測試)我立刻明白了父母的擔(dān)憂。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·河北省省級聯(lián)測高三第一次考試)我問媽媽這件事，他們告訴我爺爺不喜歡聽到爆炸聲。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.One day, it was announced that the war was over.
2. The book can be helpful to whoever wants to do the job.
3.After months of research there was little hope that the lost car might be found.
4.I understood immediately what my parents were worried about.
5. I asked my mother about this and was told that Grandpa didn't like to hear the noise of the explosions.

第二步 精深學(xué)習(xí)
［精講］
一、主語從句
1.從屬連詞引導(dǎo)主語從句：that, whether, if
Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.
你是否能成功取決于你多努力。
【特別注意】 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句常置于句首，表示“是否”之意；if引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)不置于句首。
2.連接代詞引導(dǎo)主語從句：what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
What we should do with the problem is undecided.
我們該怎么解決這個(gè)問題還沒有決定。
3.連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語從句：how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever
Why he did that wasn't quite clear.
他為什么那樣做還不太清楚。
4.it 代替主語從句作形式主語
that從句作主語通常用it作形式主語，而將that從句置于句末。常見的有以下幾種：
(1)It+系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋that從句
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很顯然，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
(2)It+系動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋that從句
常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有：a pity(遺憾)，a fact(事實(shí))，an honor(榮耀)，a wonder(奇跡)，no wonder(難怪)，good news(好消息)等。
It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.
難怪你取得如此大的成功。
(3)It+系動(dòng)詞＋過去分詞＋that從句
It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.
據(jù)說這次事故沒有乘客受傷。
(4)It+特殊動(dòng)詞＋that從句
常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：seem(看上去)，appear(顯得)，happen(碰巧)，matter(關(guān)系重大)，turn out(結(jié)果)，occur to sb(某人突然想起)等。
It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.
我突然想到我們應(yīng)該跟經(jīng)理聯(lián)系。
5.主語從句不可置于句首的五種情況
(1)if引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可置于復(fù)合句句首。
(2)It is said/reported...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
It is said that the president will visit our school next week.
據(jù)說，主席下周將參觀我們的學(xué)校。
(3)It happens/occurs...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
他突然想到他考試不及格。
(4)It doesn't matter how/whether...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。
It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or not.
他是否錯(cuò)了并不重要。
(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
今天晚上可能會(huì)下雨嗎？
二、賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。
1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語
(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?
I heard (that) he joined the army.
我聽說他參軍了。
(2)由what, whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
I wonder whether/if you can change this note for me.
你能幫我換一下這張鈔票嗎？
(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
她告訴我她會(huì)接受我的邀請。
2.作介詞的賓語
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我們的成功取決于我們彼此合作得有多好。
3.作形容詞的賓語
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake.
恐怕我犯了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
【特別注意】that引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content等。也有一說：可以將此類詞后的that從句看作原因狀語從句。
4.it可以作為形式賓語
it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語 that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。
I really appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
如果你能考慮我的申請，我將不勝感激。
5.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。
I don't think this dress fits you well.
我認(rèn)為這條裙子不太適合你。
6.賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞that不可省略的情況
(1)介詞except, but, besides, in 等后跟 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)。
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
那個(gè)瑞典人站著一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只是嘴唇還微微在動(dòng)。
(2)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和主句之間有插人語時(shí)。
He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul.
他說，在他看來，雷鋒是全心全意為人民服務(wù)的好榜樣。
(3)有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，而其他的that常不省略。
I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us.
我認(rèn)為今天下午天會(huì)放晴，他們會(huì)來向我們告別的。
(4)當(dāng)when, who, what, where, why, how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的并列賓語時(shí)。
I'm sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.
我知道他住哪里，并確定他過著幸福的生活。
三、表語從句
表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句，放在be, look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后。常見的引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞有that, whether, wh-詞，as if/though, because等。
1.that,whether引導(dǎo)表語從句
that, whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，不作任何成分；that無實(shí)義，whether意為“是否”。
The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
問題是是否我們能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。
2.wh-詞和because引導(dǎo)的表語從句
wh-詞包括連接代詞 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 和連接副詞 when, where, why ,how, wherever, whenever等，此類詞大多表示疑問意義，偶爾表示陳述意義。because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示陳述意義。
That's because he didn't understand me.
那是因?yàn)樗焕斫馕摇?br /> 3.as,as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句
此類表語從句常用跟在特定動(dòng)詞后面，如 seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。
I feel as though the house is shaking.
我感覺房子好像在搖晃。
4.reason作主語時(shí)的表語從句
reason
作主語時(shí)，其表語從句需用that引導(dǎo)，一般不用why或because引導(dǎo)。
The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk.
車禍的原因是司機(jī)醉酒駕車。
四、同位語從句
1.常見的能接同位語從句的名詞：
belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, news, conclusion, suggestion, problem, order, answer, decision, explanation, information, thought, word
2.同位語的引導(dǎo)詞：同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，但根據(jù)語境的不同，也可以用其他的連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略。
3.同位語的位置：一般情況下，同位語從句緊跟在它所解釋說明的名詞后面。
The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly.
我們的女排團(tuán)隊(duì)贏得冠軍的消息極大地鼓舞了我們。
The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't been decided.
我們將到什么地方開會(huì)，這個(gè)問題還沒有決定。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他從瑪麗那兒得到消息說運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。
(同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開；成為間隔式同位語)
4.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別
(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)在從句中作某個(gè)成分(主語或賓語)，而同位語從句中的that是連接詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。
(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述先行詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年會(huì)出國。
The news that Tom would go abroad next year is told by him.
湯姆明年會(huì)出國的消息是他告訴我的。

［檢測］
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·湖北省襄陽市第四中學(xué)高三一模)What I'd like to suggest is_________ this actually provides a great way into the adventure of science.
2.(2021·江蘇南通市高三二模)Without geography, the world as well as_________ it fits together is a mystery.
3.(2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江高三期末)Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is_________ makes a difference.
4.(2021·廣東深圳高三月考)She couldn't afford shoes; that's_________ she ran at the school championships barefoot.
5,(2021·江蘇省阜寧高三期中)Scientists are still not exactly sure_________ genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.
6.(2022,湖北武漢市五校聯(lián)合體高三聯(lián)考)That's_________ there isn't enough depth to guarantee all the trouble it takes to smooth over the disagreement.
7.(2022·湖南省長沙市一中高三月考)It is a commonly held belief_________ as people get older, they become resistant to change.
8.(2022·江蘇省常州市高三摸底考試)Professor He Yang, one of the designers behind the uniform, said that one of the considerations during the design process was_________ the uniform should display the traditional Chinese cultural character in an intelligible and identifiable way.
9.(2022·江蘇省南京市高三學(xué)情調(diào)研)The tale is presented in_________ seems like slow motion.
10.(2022·重慶南開中學(xué)高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測)He and his colleagues used surveys from 199 people, as well as conducting a sleep lab test involving 5O volunteers, to measure_________ listening to music before bedtime affects sleep.
答案:
1.that [句意：我想提的建議是，這實(shí)際上為科學(xué)冒險(xiǎn)提供了一條很好的途徑。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不作任何成分，且從句意義完整。故填that.]
2.how [句意：沒有地理學(xué)科的話，這個(gè)世界以及這個(gè)世界如何構(gòu)成為一個(gè)整體將是一個(gè)謎。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作狀語，意為“如何”，應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)。故填how.]
3.what [句意：面對挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，你應(yīng)該相信你的勇氣能產(chǎn)生很大的影響。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中缺主語，表示“···.·的東西”。故填what.]
4.why [句意；她買不起鞋，那就是她為什么赤腳參加學(xué)校錦標(biāo)賽。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作原因狀語。故填why.]
5.how [句意；科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀徊皇呛艽_定基因是如何影響衰老的，但他們相信基因確實(shí)對衰老有影響。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作狀語，意為“如何”，應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)。故填 how.]
6.because [句意；這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的深度來保證解決分歧所需的所有麻煩。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，根據(jù)語境可知，此處解釋原因。故填 because.]
7.that [句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，隨著年齡的增長，他們會(huì)對改變產(chǎn)生抵制。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明名詞belief的內(nèi)容，且在從句中不作成分，從句意義完整。故填that.]
8.whether [句意：該制服的設(shè)計(jì)者之一賀陽教授表示，在設(shè)計(jì)過程中考慮的一個(gè)問題是，該制服是否應(yīng)該以一種易于理解和識別的方式展示中國傳統(tǒng)文化特征。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”，應(yīng)用 whether 引導(dǎo)。故填 whether.]
9.what [句意：這個(gè)故事似乎是用慢鏡頭呈現(xiàn)的。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，指物。故填what. ]
10.whether/if [句意：他和他的同事對199人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，并對50名志愿者進(jìn)行了睡眠實(shí)驗(yàn)測試，以衡量睡前聽音樂是否會(huì)影響睡眠。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”，應(yīng)用whether或if引導(dǎo)。故填whether/if.]
(二)語法填空
(2022·河南部分學(xué)校高三摸底聯(lián)考)A male elephant that broke away from the wandering elephant pack 1 (send) back to its forest home on Wednesday in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Yunnan Province, local authorities said.
Yuxi City headquarters in charge of monitoring the pack's migration(遷徙)took the 2 (decide) early Wednesday morning 3 (prevent) the lone animal from entering heavily populated areas. At 3 pm, the elephant was caught and returned to the nature reserve. The animal appeared 4 (health) and did not suffer from any injuries.
The pack of 15 wandering wild Asian elephants travelled about 500 kilometers north from their forest home. The male elephant separated from the pack on June 6, and moved around in the 5 (city) of Kunming, Anning and Yuxi, with an activity area of 140 square kilometers and a walking distance of 190 kilometers. It had relied mainly on 6 was provided by the locals, The 7 (remain) 14 elephants have been moving southward recently but are still far from the reserve. Asian elephants are 8 A-level state protection in China, where they are 9 (most) found in Yunnan. Thanks to determined protection efforts in recent decades, the wild elephant population in
10 province has grown to about 300, from 193 in the 1980s.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案:
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了從西雙版納北遷出走的亞洲象中一頭離群的公象被送回原棲息地的經(jīng)過及相關(guān)信息。
1.was sent [考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：本周三，一頭離群的公象被送回了它位于西雙版納傣族自治州的森林中的家。句子主語 a male elephant 與謂語動(dòng)詞send之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)設(shè)空前broke可知，這頭公象被送回保護(hù)區(qū)發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was sent.]
2.decision [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：玉溪市負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控象群遷徙的指揮部于周三早上做出了這一決定，以防止這只離群的動(dòng)物進(jìn)入人口稠密的地區(qū)。根據(jù)設(shè)空前the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞，且根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指一個(gè)決定，應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填decision.]
3.to prevent [考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。做出決定的目的是防止這頭獨(dú)象進(jìn)入人口密集的地區(qū)，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。故填to prevent.]
4.healthy［考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這只動(dòng)物（公象）看來很健康，也未受傷。appeared“顯得，看來，似乎”，是連系動(dòng)詞，后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。故填healthy.]
5.cities [考查名詞。句意：這頭公象于6月6日脫離了象群，在昆明、安寧和玉溪這些城市四處游蕩。根據(jù)設(shè)空后 of Kunming, Anning and Yuxi 可知，此處有多個(gè)城市。故填cities.]
6.what［考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：它主要依靠當(dāng)?shù)厝颂峁┑氖澄铩ＴO(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，意為“?！?···的東西”，應(yīng)用what 連接。故填 what. ]
7.remaining［考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：剩下的14頭大象最近一直在向南移動(dòng)，但離保護(hù)區(qū)仍然很遠(yuǎn)。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞，remaining“剩下的”。故填remaining.]
8.under [考查介詞。此處指亞洲象為中國一級保護(hù)動(dòng)物。Under protection保護(hù)，處于·.··保護(hù)中”，為固定短語。故填under.]
9.mostly［考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處指在中國，它們大多分布在云南。修飾動(dòng)詞found 應(yīng)用副詞，mostly“主要地，多半地”。故填mostly.]
10.the [考查冠詞。句意：該省的野生大象數(shù)量已經(jīng)增長至約300只。此處特指上文所握到的云南省，應(yīng)用定冠詞the.故填the. ]

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2023英語高考命題總復(fù)習(xí)----詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
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