2023英語高考命題總復習----定語從句-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

?考點九定語從句
第一步精準刷題
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2021·浙江高考)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
2.(2021·天津高考)At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
3.(2021·天津高考)William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from________ we can learn without repeating them.
4.(2021·河北衡水四校聯(lián)考)Architects in ancient China, ________ paid special attention to decoration, used different colors or paintings ac- cording to particular building functions or local customs.
5.(2021·四省八校摸底考試)He called artificial light a pollutant________ threatens nocturnal(夜間活動的) animals and affects plants and microorganisms.
6.(2022·重慶市巴蜀中學高三月考(一))Zhejiang Province plans to roll out a pilot credit system for parents, ________ will give them priority for activities organized by education authorities.
7. (2022·河北省高三聯(lián)考)The person________ held the silk fan always appeared gentle,
8.(2021·江蘇鹽城高三統(tǒng)考)The city of Flagstaff is dealing with that confusion through its Master Recycler program, ________ goal is to shed light on the connection between personal consumption and climate change.
9.(2021·山東煙臺高三期中)The West first learned of the giant panda on March 11, 1869, ________ Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter.
10.(2021·江蘇南京高三學情調(diào)研)He then handed Todd a large bag, inside________ were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New Balance sneakers.
11.(2022·廣東省高三階段性質(zhì)量檢測)The “Counting Sheep” suite features frozen sheep________ may help people suffering from sleeplessness get a good night.
12.(2021·江蘇揚州高三摸底檢測)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
13.(2021·山東新高考質(zhì)量測評聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)合調(diào)研監(jiān)測)However, it was broken into by Anglo-French troops in 1860, ________ numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal head statues, were taken away.
14.(2022·湖南師范大學附屬中學高三期末試題)The traditional family structure before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in________ three generations lived under one roof.
15.(2021·廣東珠海市二模)Sanxingdui(三星堆)is believed to have sat at the heart of the Shu state, ________ historians know little about because of the lack of written records.
16.(2021·廣東省廣州市高三階段訓練)The Chinese were also the first to invent the compass, ________ changed how sailors navigated the seas.
17.(2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江市高三期末)Who is the person________ is standing at the gate?
18.(2022·浙江省山水聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)It might also make you feel productive, ________ can in turn make you happy.
19.(2021·遼寧省六校協(xié)作體高三第一次聯(lián)考)Xi Jinping traveled to the city of Ma'anshan and visited the Xuejiawa Ecological Park, ________ he inspected the condition of the Yangtze River.
20.(2021·重慶市第一中學高三月考)5G is developing, but most of us aren't really sure what it is or the reason________ we need it.
21.(2022·重慶南開中學高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測)In the survey part of the study, participants who frequently listened to music during the day were more likely to report persistent nighttime earworms, ________ then had a negative effect on sleep quality through the night.
22.(2022·浙江省名校協(xié)作體高三聯(lián)考)It has served as the prefecture's biggest wild animal rescue center, ________ more than 1,200 animals have been saved so far.
23.(2022·浙江省高三百校聯(lián)考)A person________ struggles with a video game addiction may feel as though they cannot put the game down.
24.(2022·江蘇省南京師范大學附屬中學高三摸底測試)On Thursday night, the company's live streaming channel on Taobao, Alibaba's e-commerce platform, attracted over 2 million people, ________ was a big increase from its usual number of viewers.
25.(2022·河南省重點高中高三階段性調(diào)研聯(lián)考)Many restaurants adopted the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion, ________ also encourages the public to use separate utensils for shared food at home.
26.(2022·河北省省級聯(lián)測高三第一次考試)According to the plan, there will be another spacewalk during the astronauts' orbital flight, ________,lasting three months, will be China's longest crewed mission.
27.(2022·河北省邯鄲市高三摸底考試)Lantern celebrations, such as the Dragon Boat Festival, ________ take place near rivers, ponds, and lakes will often feature floating lanterns.
28.(2022·湖南省五市十校教研教改共同體高三聯(lián)考)Before her, only 15 women globally had conducted spacewalks since 1984, ________ Soviet astronaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first to do so.
29.(2022·廣東省廣州市外國語學校高三第一次聯(lián)考)Most of her clients are women, many of________ are prepared to go against the tide-by plunging into it.
30.(2022·廣東省廣州市第五中學高三月考)In 1983,he went to South Africa________ he worked for an Indian company and offered some guidance to the company for its legal problems.
答案:
1.that/which [句意：BMI是全球公認的表示體重是否處于健康狀態(tài)的測量工具。設空處引導定語從旬，修飾先行詞tool,指物，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which. ]
2.where [句意：在中國藝術節(jié)上有不同的展臺，在那里藝術家可以展示他們的技巧并教給參觀者。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞 stands,且在從句中作地點狀語。故填 where.]
3.which [句意；William Hastie(威廉，哈斯蒂）曾經(jīng)說過，歷史會告訴我們過去的錯誤，我們可以從中學習避免重復犯錯。此處為“介詞＋關系代詞＂引導的定語從旬，修飾先行詞 past mistakes,表示“從錯誤中”，應用which.故填which.]
4.who [句意：中國古代的建筑師特別注重裝飾，他們根據(jù)特定的建筑功能或當?shù)亓曀资褂貌煌念伾蚶L畫。設空處引導非限制性定語從旬，解釋說明先行詞Architects,指人，且在從句中作主語。故填who. ]
5.that/which [句意；他稱人道光是一種污染物，這種污染物威脅夜間活動的動物，并影響植物和微生物。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞pollutant,指物，且在從句中作主語。故填 that/which. ]
6.which [句意；浙江省計劃為家長推出一個試點信用體系，這將使他們優(yōu)先參加教育部門組織的活動。設空處引導非限制性定語從旬，先行詞a pilot credit system,指物，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which.故填 which.]
7.who [句意；拿著絲扇的人總是顯得溫柔。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞person,指人，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who.故填who.]
8.whose [句意：Flagstaff(弗拉格斯塔夫）市正在通過其主回收商計劃解決這一困惑，其目標是揭示個人消費與氣候變化之間的聯(lián)系。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞 Master Recycler program,且在從句中作定語。故填whose.]
9.when [句意：1869年3月11日，當 Armand David(阿爾芒·大衛(wèi)）從一位獵人那里得到一張熊貓皮時，西方第一次了解到了大熊貓。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞March11,1869,且在從句中作時間狀語。故填when.]
10.which [句意：然后他遞給 Todd(托德）一個大袋子，里面有干凈的襯衫和短褲，還有一雙全新的 New Balance 運動鞋。此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞 a large bag,指物。故填which.]
11.which/that [句意：“數(shù)羊套房”的特點是那些冰雕的羊可以幫助那些失眠的人度過一個愉快的夜晚。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞sheep,指物，在從句中作主語。故填 which/that.]
12.as [句意；據(jù)報道，吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年之內(nèi)就下降了17%.設空處引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，表示“正如”，an is reported“據(jù)報道”，為固定用法。故填as.]
13.when [句意：然而，它在1860年被英法聯(lián)軍破壞，當時許多國寶，包括12個獸首雕像被掠走。設空處應用一個定語從句引導詞指代in 1860,在從句中作時間狀語，意為“那時候”，應用關系副詞 when 引導。故填when.]
14.which[句意；在工業(yè)革命前英國傳統(tǒng)的家庭結構是三代居住在一起的大家庭。此處為＂介詞＋關系代詞＂引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞family,指物，應用關系代詞which.故填which.]
15.which [句息；三星堆被認為位于蜀國的心臟地帶，由于缺乏文字記載，歷史學家對它知之甚少。設室處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞 the Shu state,指物，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞 which.放填 which.]
16.which [此處為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞compass,在從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞 which.故填 which.]
17.that [甸意：站在門口的那個人是誰？設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the person,在從句中作主語，指人，因為主甸申有who,為了避免重復，此處應用that引導。故填that.]
18.which [句意：它可能還會讓你感到高效，而這反過來又會讓你快樂。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，指代主句所說的內(nèi)容，應用which.故填which. ]
19.where [句意：習近平來到了馬鞍山市，參觀了薛家洼生態(tài)濕地公園，在那里他視察了長江的狀況。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞Xuejiawa Ecological Park 在定語從句中作地點狀語，需用關系副詞where引導。故填where.]
20.why[句意：5G正在發(fā)展，但我們大多數(shù)人并不十分清楚它是什么或者我們需要它的原因。設空處引導定語從句，關系詞在從句中充當原因狀語，應用關系副詞why.故填why.]
21.which [句意：在研究的調(diào)查部分中，白天經(jīng)常聽音樂的參與者更有可能出現(xiàn)持續(xù)的夜間洗腦音樂，這會對整個晚上的睡眠質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生負面影響。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞 nighttime earworms,且在從句中作主語，指物，應用關系代詞which.故填 which.]
22.where [句意：它是該縣最大的野生動物救援中心，到目前為止，已有1,200多只動物獲救。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞wild animal rescue center,且在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞where.故填 where.]
23.who/that [句意：一個與電子游戲成癮作斗爭的人可能會覺得他們不能放下游戲。設空處引導定語從句，修飾person,指人，在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞 who 或 that.故填 who/that.]
24.which [句意：周四晚上，阿里巴巴電商平臺淘寶上的直播頻道吸引了超過200萬人，比平時的觀眾數(shù)量有了大幅增長。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明前面的主句，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which.故填which.]
25.which [句意：很多飯店在市文明社會辦公室公布這一建議之后采用了這項政策，這也鼓勵公眾在家里分享食物的時候使用分開的器具。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，從句缺少主語且先行詞為 suggestion,在從句中作主語，指物，應用關系代詞which.故填which.]
26.which [句意：根據(jù)該計劃，在宇航員軌道飛行期間還將進行另一次太空行走，這次持續(xù)三個月的軌道飛行將是中國最長的載人任務。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞astronauts' orbital flight,且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which.故填which.]
27.which [句意：在河流，池塘和湖泊附近舉行的龍舟節(jié)等慶?；顒油云〉臒艋\為特色。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為celebrations,在從句中作主語，指物，應用關系代詞which。故填which.]
28.when [句意；此前，自1984年蘇聯(lián)字航員 Svetlana Savitskaya（斯維特拉娜，薩維次卡婭）成為第一個進行太空行走的人以來，全球只有15名女性在太空行走過。設空處引導非限制性定語從旬，解釋說明先行詞1984,且在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when，故填when.]
29.whom［設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞women,位于 many of之后，應用關系代詞 whom.故填whom.]
30.where [句意：1983年，他去了南非，在那里他為一家印度公司工作，并為該公司的法律問題提供了一些指導。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞South Africa,并在從句中作地點狀語。故填 where.
(二)單句表達
1.(2022·福建省廈門第一中學高三月考)例如，中國的“一帶一路”倡議推動絲綢之路沿線許多國家更緊密地合作。
For example, there is China's Belt and Road Initiative,________________________ along the Silk Road to cooperate more closely.
2.(2022·河南省百強名校高三聯(lián)考)明尼阿波利斯的“和平21天”活動就是這樣的一個活動，在那里有時一個月就能看到11起暴力犯罪事件。
One such movement has been the 21 Days of Peace event in Minneapolis, ________________________ a place
3.(2021·江蘇蘇州市高三三模)大約250名客人參加了這次晚宴，其收入將用于受中東難民危機影響的兒童的教育。
About 250 guests attended the dinner, ________________________ will go to education for children affected by the Middle Eastern refugee crisis.
4.(2021·廣東肇慶市三模)西部和阿拉斯加的山區(qū)積雪較少是很重要的，這將大大減少因積雪過多而造成災害的機會。
Less snow cover in the mountains is important in the West and Alaska, ________________________ caused by too much snow.
5.(2021·福建漳州一中高三模擬)路易斯·查，筆名金庸，是一位中國武俠小說家和散文家，1959年共同創(chuàng)辦了香港日報《明報》，并擔任第一主編。
Louis Cha, better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, ________________________the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as the first editor-in-chief.
6.(2022,浙江省高三考前適應性測試)它建于1970年，擁有世界上最大的博物館之一，其背后是中央湖。
Ii was built in 1970, and it has one of the largest museums in the world, ________________________ the central lake.
7.(2021·廣東省韶關市高三一模)幾個世紀以來，我母親的家族經(jīng)營著非常成功的郁金香生意，為我們村里的許多人提供了就業(yè)機會。
For centuries my mother's family had owned a highly successful tulip business, ________________________.
8.(2021·河南省九師聯(lián)盟高三質(zhì)量檢測)晚會從8點開始一直持續(xù)到午夜，以精彩的煙火表演結束。
The fun starts at eight and goes on until midnight. ________________________.
9.(2021·江蘇南通通州中學高三檢測)哈佛大學的總統(tǒng)首創(chuàng)了選課制度，學生們能通過這個制度選擇他們自己的學習課程。
The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system________________________ their own courses of study.
10.(2022·江蘇省南京師范大學附屬中學高三模擬測試)秋天是收獲的季節(jié)，莊稼已經(jīng)成熟，但冬天的雪還沒有到來。
Autumn is the harvest season________________________ but the snows of winter haven't set in.
11.(2022·湖南省長沙市長郡中學高三月考)只需列出你想要贈送的物品，然后等待有人回應說他或她有興趣接受該物品。
Simply list the item________________________ and wait for someone to respond saying that he or she is interested in taking the item.
12.(2022·湖南長沙市一中高三月考)中國醫(yī)生給我把了把脈，還給我看了舌頭，這對我來說都是全新的經(jīng)歷，因為在嚴重依賴機器診斷的西醫(yī)中，這兩種情況都是不存在的。
The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, ________________________ because they are both nonexistent in Western medicine, where diagnosis relies heavily on machines.
13.(2022·廣東省高三階段性質(zhì)量檢測)在那里，她遇到了一些當?shù)嘏?，她們和她一樣熱愛STEM
There, she met a few local girds________________________ STEM.
14.(2022,湖北省荊門市一中高三摸底考試)即使制定了計劃，那些生活最充實、最快樂的人，也是那些靈活、開放的人，能夠接受變化和新的機會的人。
Even when there is a plan in place, those who live the most fulfilled and joyful lives are those________________________ to change and new opportunities.
15.(2022·河北省邯鄲市高三摸底考試)我堆了幾堆，我知道名字在標簽上的每個人都會很好地利用標簽上的東西。
I made a few piles and I knew that each person, ________________________，would have good use of what was there.
答案:
1.which motivates many countries
2.where sometimes eleven violent crimes were seen a month
3.the proceeds of which/whose proceeds
4.which will greatly reduce the chances of disasters
5.who co-founded
6.behind which lies
7.which provided jobs for many people in our village
8. when the show ends with a fantastic firework display
9.by which students were able to choose
10.when erops have ripened
11,that you wish to give away
12.both of which were new experience to me
13.who shared her passion for
14.who are flexible and open-minded
15. whose name stood on the labels
(三)翻譯
1.(2022·廣東省高三階段性質(zhì)量檢測)在亞洲，經(jīng)常有“斗風箏”，參與者試圖把對手的風箏砍下來。
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2.(2022·湖南省衡陽四中高三模擬測試)世界遺產(chǎn)委員會自6月30日起一直在巴庫開會，將良渚列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織名單，以鼓勵更好地保護和保存該遺址。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2021·天津河西區(qū)高三三模)游泳對青少年有好處，一些專家說，這將幫助他們激發(fā)潛能，促進他們的大腦發(fā)展。
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4.(2022·河北五校聯(lián)盟高三摸底考試)有意參加比賽的同學請于11月15日前到英語教師辦公室報名。
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5.(2022·遼寧省大連市第一中學高三上學期期中考試)我們總是把自己和那些看起來比我們更快樂、更美麗、更重要的人作比較。
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答案:
1. In Asia, there are often “kite fights", where participants attempt to cut their competitor's kites down.
2.The World Heritage Committee, which has been meeting in Baku since June 30,added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list in order to encourage better protection and preservation of the site.
3.Swimming is good for teenagers, which some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
4.Those who would like to take part in the competition are supposed to sign up in the English teachers' office before Nov. 15th.
5. We constantly compare ourselves to others who seem happier, more beautiful and more important than us.
第二步精深學習
［精講］
一、定語從句及其先行詞和關系詞
在復合句中，修飾名詞、代詞或句子的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞、短語或句子叫先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，關系詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(the place 是先行詞；which是關系代詞；which在從句中作主語)
這是個值得參觀的地方。
二、關系代詞
關系代詞
先行詞
句法功能
who
人
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語
whom
人
賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
whose(=of whom/of which)
人或物
定語
that
人或物
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
which
物
主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)
as
人或物
主語、賓語
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
你認識剛剛在會上發(fā)言的那個人嗎？
He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
他就是那個上周車被偷的人。
三、關系副詞
關系副詞
先行詞
句法功能
when
時間
時間狀語
where
地點
地點狀語
why
原因
原因狀語(只引導限制性定語從句)
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
那是他十年前住過的房子。
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
那就是他為什么那么早要離開的原因。
【特別注意】
當先行詞為 situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意義的詞，且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，常用關系副詞where.
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他們已經(jīng)到了要彼此分開的地步。
四、關系代詞 that與which的用法
(1)限制性定語從句中只用that不用which的情況
①先行詞是不定代詞或者先行詞被不定代詞所修飾時，關系代詞通常只用that.
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
你有什么要為自己說的嗎？
②先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、the only、the very、the last等修飾時，關系代詞通常只用that,不用which.
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is spring water.
每當說到濟南，首先想到的就是泉水。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
這是現(xiàn)在我們唯一能做的事。
③先行詞既有人又有物時，關系代詞只用that,不用which.
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告訴我的那位科學家和他的成就為我們所有人所欽佩。
④定語從句出現(xiàn)在which或who的特殊疑問句中時用that.
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
贏得金牌的那個男孩是誰？
⑤有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞用which,另外一個宜用that.
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
他們秘密地建了一個小工廠，生產(chǎn)可能會造成污染的東西。
⑥當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞在從句中作表語時。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是過去的那個城市了。
⑦主句是there be句型且關系代詞在從句中作主語時，用that不用which引導。
There is a seat in the corner that is still available.
角落里還有一個空座位。
(2)只用which 不用that的情況
①引導非限制性定語從句。
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
海倫對她最小的兒子比對其他兒子好很多，這當然會讓其他兒子嫉妒他。
②關系代詞充當介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關系代詞之前。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
這就是魯迅曾住過的房子。
五、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句
只可以修飾名詞或代詞，不可以修飾句子

既可修飾名詞或代詞，也可以修飾句子，有逗號將主句
與從句分開
與先行詞關系密切，刪除從句后影響整個意思的
表達
與先行詞關系不密切，是對先行詞的補充說明，刪除從
句后不影響整個意思的表達
不用逗號與主句分開
一般使用逗號與主句分開
可用關系代詞that
不可用關系代詞that
關系代詞that, who, which, whom在從句中作賓語
時可以省略
關系代詞不可以省略

關系代詞whom 作賓語時可用who或 that 替代
關系代詞不能被替代
讀時不停頓
讀時停頓，用降調(diào)
People who take physical exercise live longer.
鍛煉身體的人更長壽。
(限制性定語從句，說明要長壽需進行體育鍛煉。先行詞是 people,若把從句who take physical exercise 去掉，句子就失去所要表達的“進行體育鍛煉的人”這層意義)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.
他的女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下周回家。
(非限制性定語從句，who is i Boston now 對先行詞 daughter 進行補充說明，若將其去掉，主句意義“他的女兒下周回家”仍然完整)
六、只能用who或whom的情況
在由“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom 指人。先行詞為those, one, he時常常用who/whom.
Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts?
你收到禮物后有給親戚發(fā)過感謝信嗎？
【特別注意】the way 作先行詞，在從句中作狀語時，定語從句可以用that和in which引導或省略。
What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
讓我驚訝的不是他說的話，而是他說話的方式。
七、“介詞＋關系詞”引導的定語從句
1.構成
構成
句法功能
用法指津
名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關系代詞
主語
可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose+名詞”結構
數(shù)詞／形容詞最高級＋of+關系代詞
主語
數(shù)詞還可以被 some, many, most, each等不定代詞替換
介詞(短語)＋關系代詞

狀語
關系代詞只能用 which或 whom且不能省略，但可與關
系副詞互換
介詞＋關系代詞＋名詞
狀語
關系代詞常用which和whose
介詞＋關系副詞
狀語
有時為了表達清楚，還可以在關系副詞 where/when 前
加介詞from或to
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我買了古代的花瓶，它的價格很合理。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.
他有十個堂表兄弟姐妹，最小的那個非常聰明。
2.“介詞＋關系詞”引導的定語從句的兩個考查點
(1)考查該結構中關系代詞的選用
若介詞放在關系代詞之前，關系代詞指人時常用whom,指物時常用which.
(2)考查該結構中介詞的選用
一般來說，確定關系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞和介詞的搭配習慣；從句中動詞或形容詞與介詞的搭配習慣；句子意思表達的需要。

［檢測］
(一)單句語法填空
1.(2022·江蘇省淮安市車橋中學高三調(diào)研)These poets create the very values by_________ poetry is judged, remarked Harvard Professor Stephen Owen in Du Fu, China's Greatest Poet, a new BBC documentary that aired on April.
2.(2022·遼寧省六校高三聯(lián)考)Didi said customers and drivers_________ have already downloaded the app will be able to continue to use it.
3.(2022·遼寧省大連市第一中學高三期中考試)According to doctors, they knew how beneficial Peyo's presence was when they noticed that patients_________ were regularly interacting with him required fewer intense drugs.
4.(2022·山東省濟南市歷城第二中學高三摸底考試)Alongside a similar instrument on the Tianwen-1 orbiter, _________ will continue studying the planet from afar, the rover's magnetometer could reveal the details of how Mars lost its magnetic field-and consequently its atmosphere and water-billions of years ago.
5.(2022·廣東省廣州市省實、執(zhí)信、廣雅、六中高三四校聯(lián)考)Some people say that the oldest children, _________ are smart and strong willed, are very likely to succeed.
6.(2021·山東省淄博第一中學月考)We started from Vancouver, _________ we picked up our vehicle for the trip-a home on wheels.
7.(2022·江蘇省宿遷青華中學高三月考)The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for_________ exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories.
8.(2022·江蘇省南京市第一中學高三檢測)People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those_________ rush through their meals.
9.(2022·河北省百師聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考)AirCar is a road-legal car_________ transforms into an aircraft in less than three minutes.
10.(2021·上海青浦區(qū)高三期終學業(yè)質(zhì)量調(diào)研測試)Here we didn’t look at those vague records, we only looked at records_________ the actual species was listed.
答案:
1.which [此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞values,指物，應用關系代司which.故填 which.]
2.who/that [句意；滴滴說，已經(jīng)下載該應用程序的客戶和司機將能夠繼續(xù)使用它。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞 customers and drives,指人，且在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞故填 who/that.]
3.who/that [句意：根據(jù)醫(yī)生的說法，當他們注意到經(jīng)常與佩約互動的患者需要較少的劇烈藥物時，他們知道佩約的存在是多么有益。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞patients,指人，在從句中作主語，關系代詞應用who/that.故填who/that. ]
4.which[句意；與梅繼續(xù)從遠處研究火星的“天問1號”執(zhí)道飛行器上的類似儀器一起，火星探測器的磁力儀可能會揭示數(shù)十億年前火星磁場是如何失去的，進而失去大氣層和水的。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞the Tianwen5,且在從句申作主請，指物，應用關系代詞which.故填which. ]
5.who[句意：有些人說，年紀最大的孩子既聰明又意志堅強，很有可能成功。設空處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞the oldest children,指人，在從句中作主語。故填who.]
6.where[句息：我們從溫哥華出發(fā)，在那里我們?nèi)〉搅寺眯杏玫能囕v－－－輛房車。設室處引導非限制性定語從句，解釋說明先行詞Vancouver,在從句中作地點狀語，應用關系副詞 where引導。故填 where.]
7.whom [句意：這種效果在成績較差的學生身上表現(xiàn)得尤為明顯，對他們來說，接觸奮斗故事比閱讀成就故事的成績差的學生在科學課上表現(xiàn)更好。此處為“介詞＋關系詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，設空處指代先行詞 lower performing students,指人，且作介詞的賓語，應用關系代詞whom.故填whom.]
8.who [句意：細嚼慢咽的人每頓飯比匆匆吃完的人少攝入約70卡路里。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞those,指人，且在從句中作主語。故填who.]
9.that/which [句意：AirCar是一種可以在公路上行駛的汽車，它可以在不到三分鐘的時間內(nèi)變形成一架飛機。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞car,指物，且在從句中作主語。故填that/which.]
10.where [句意：在這里，我們沒有看那些模糊的記錄，我們只看了實際物種的記錄。設空處引導定語從句，先行詞為 records,關系副詞where 引導定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。故填where.]
(二)語法填空
(2022·江蘇省南京市第十二中學期末檢測)In a way, Savelsberg, Siskind and the other builders of LEGO-based military models are doing what LEGO has always encouraged. “Only the imagination sets the limit to
what you can build,” the company's profile says.
LEGO traces its roots back 1 Denmark in the 1930s,when carpenter Ole Kirk Kristiansen shortened the Danish words “Leg Godt,” 2 (mean) “play well” in English, to brand the wooden toys he was producing.
It turned to plastic bricks in 1949. In 1955, Kristiansen's son Godtfred 3 (launch) LEGO bricks as a system, accepting the idea that the more you have, 4 more things you can make. “Our idea has been to create a toy 5 prepares the children for life-appealing to 6 (they) imagination and developing the creative urge and joy of creation in every human being," he said.
Wheels and human figures 7 (introduce) in 1962 and 1978 respectively, And in 1989, miniature human figures with more 8 (face)expressions than the usual slight smile also emerged. LEGO has planned to put smiles on the faces of children with 9 (determine). "As a family-owned company with a long-term mission, the LEGO Group is 10 (unique) placed to deliver a positive impact on children, society and the planet," the company's profile says.
1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ 4. _________ 5. _________
6. _________ 7. _________ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
答案:
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了樂高玩具的起源，發(fā)展以及樂高的理念和帶來的影響。
1.to [考查介詞。句意：樂高的起源可以追溯到上世紀30年代的丹麥。當時，木匠 Ole Kirk Kristiansen(奧萊·柯克·克里斯蒂安森）將丹麥語單詞“Leg Godt”（在英語中意為“玩得好”）縮短，為自己生產(chǎn)的木制玩具打上品牌。trace back to“追溯到······”，為固定短語。故填to.]
2.meaning [考查非謂語動詞。mean與邏輯主語 Leg Godt 構成主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填 meaning.]
3.launched [考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：1955年，Kristiansen的兒子Godtfred(哥特弗雷德）推出了樂高積木系統(tǒng)，接納了一個理念：你擁有的越多，你能制造的東西就越多。根據(jù)上文In 1955可知，此處應用一般過去時。故填launched.]
4.the [考查固定句型。此處為““the+比較級，the+比較級”句型，表示“越··...,越·...”。故填the. ]
5.that/which [考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：我們的想法是創(chuàng)造一種玩具，為孩子們的生活做好準備－吸引他們的想象力，發(fā)展每個人創(chuàng)造的欲望和創(chuàng)造的樂趣。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞toy,且在從句中作主語，指物，應用關系代詞that或which.故填 that/which.]
6.their [考查代詞。修飾名詞 imagination 應用形容詞性物主代詞their.故填their.]
7.were introduced [考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：車輪和人物分別于1962年和1978年推出。根據(jù)后文in 1962 and1978可知，此處應用一般過去時，主語 Wheels and human figures與謂語動詞 introduce 構成被動關系，應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為 Wheels and human figures,謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。故填were introduced.]
8.facial [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：1989年，微型人像也出現(xiàn)了，他們的面部表情比通常積木的微笑更多。修飾名詞 expressions 應用形容詞作定語。故填facial.]
9.determination [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意；樂高有決心讓孩子們的臉上露出笑容。作介詞with的賓語，應用名詞，短語 with determination“有決心”。故填determination.]
10.uniquely [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意；這家公司的簡介寫道：“作為一家有長期使命的家族企業(yè)，樂高集團擁有獨特的地位，為兒童、社會和地球帶來積極的影響?！毙揎梽釉~place應用副詞作狀語。故填uniquely.]

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