沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）18（一）New Zealand is a beautiful island country in the Pacific Ocean. There, snowy mountains rise high above the sea and grassy hills go across the land for miles. However, if you spend some time walking around the land, you’ll smell s_____1_____ different. Almost 30 million sheep and 10 million cows travel around those green hills and each one of them is farting(放屁).That may sound like a joke. But scientists aren’t laughing. There are more cows and sheep than people in New Zealand: eight to one. And these animals fart more than 4 million tons of gas every year.That gas adds to one of the most d_____2_____ problems we face today: global warming. The gas that farm animals produce is called methane(甲烷), a greenhouse gas which can lead to climate change. But sheep and cows are not the main r_____3_____. Most greenhouse gases are produced by factories and cars.But in New Zealand, farm animals produce almost half the country’s greenhouse gases.That’s why scientists in New Zealand are working hard to s_____4_____ the problem. They’ve found medicine that can r_____5_____ gas in sheep and cows. But most farm animals in New Zealand walk free. It’s hard to round them up to give them medicine.There’s also a_____6_____ plan. Some scientists have put sheep in special scaled cages (密封籠子). They measure the gas that a sheep produces. It helps scientists find that some sheep naturally make less gas than others. When they breed those sheep together, their baby sheep farts less than their cousins.It’s o_____7_____ a small improvement. But those baby sheep just might make the planet a better place to live.  答案：1.something 2.dangerous 3.reason 4.solve 5.reduce 6.another 7.only  譯文：新西蘭是太平洋上一個美麗的島國。在那里，雪山高聳出海面，長滿草的小山綿延數(shù)英里。然而，如果你花一些時間在這塊土地上散步，你會聞到一些不同的味道。大約3000萬只羊和1000萬頭牛在這些綠色的山上旅行，每頭都在放屁。這聽起來像是個笑話。但科學(xué)家們并沒有發(fā)笑。新西蘭的牛羊比新西蘭人多：八比一。而這些動物每年放屁超過400萬噸的氣體。這種氣體增加了我們今天面臨的最危險的問題之一：全球變暖。農(nóng)場動物產(chǎn)生的氣體被稱為甲烷，這是一種可以導(dǎo)致氣候變化的溫室氣體。但綿羊和奶牛并不是主要的原因。大多數(shù)溫室氣體都是由工廠和汽車產(chǎn)生的。 但在新西蘭，農(nóng)場動物產(chǎn)生了該國幾乎一半的溫室氣體。 這就是為什么新西蘭的科學(xué)家們正在努力解決這個問題的原因。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以減少綿羊和牛體內(nèi)氣體的藥物。但新西蘭的大多數(shù)農(nóng)場動物都可以自由行走。很難包圍他們，給他們送藥。還有另一個計(jì)劃。一些科學(xué)家把綿羊放在特殊的比例密封籠子里。他們測量綿羊產(chǎn)生的氣體。它幫助科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些羊自然產(chǎn)生的氣體比其他羊少。當(dāng)他們一起繁殖這些羊時，他們的小羊比他們的表兄弟少。 這只是一個小小的進(jìn)步。但這些小羊可能會讓地球成為一個更好的居住地。  （二）Do you wonder why schools take a break during summer for more than two months, while your parents s_____1_____ work hard? Well, it seems to start in the early 19th century. In the late 18th century, school calendars(日歷) were different between cities and countries.City schools were open all the year with just a few short breaks. H_____2_____, experts began to wonder: was a long school calendar good enough? Some experts felt that too much school time could make teachers and students tired. Meanwhile, sickness and poor h_____3_____ used to be common in the 18th century because of poorly ventilated(通風(fēng)的) classrooms.City officials cared about the warning of the experts and shortened the school year by a quarter. Summer was chosen rather than other seasons because diseases would s_____4_____ easily during the hot months. Besides, rich people in cities traditionally went away on vacations during summer.On the other hand, country schools had quite different school calendars. In the 19th century, country kids spent just five or six months in school—two to three months in summer and the same in winter—and the rest of the year working on farms. So while city educators worried that children were too busy, officials in the country thought their students were too f_____5_____.It was in the early 20th century that public-school officials in many farm states made their school year longer, and introduced the same summer break to country schools as city schools’.But do you know that summer vacation is the time when you can lose what you have learned? According to Johns Hopkins Center, children score worse on tests in early September than in late June. Their research also s_____6_____ that longer breaks from school can stop the learning process for children. Students can lose about 2.6 months of grade level equivalency(等值) in Maths and reading skills over the summer months. Every year teachers in the new school year have to spend some weeks helping kids catch up with the materials they have f_____7_____ over summer vacation.  答案：1.still 2.However 3.health 4.spread 5.free 6.shows 7.forgotten  譯文：你想知道為什么學(xué)校在暑假休息兩個多月，而你的父母還在努力工作？它似乎始于19世紀(jì)初。18世紀(jì)末，城市和國家的校歷是不同的。 城市學(xué)校全年都開放，只有幾個短暫的休息時間。然而，專家們開始懷疑：一個較長的學(xué)校日歷是否足夠好嗎？一些專家認(rèn)為，太多的上學(xué)時間會讓老師和學(xué)生感到疲勞。與此同時，由于教室通風(fēng)不良，疾病和健康狀況不佳在18世紀(jì)曾經(jīng)很常見。 市政府官員很關(guān)心專家們的警告，并將整個學(xué)年縮短了四分之一。人們選擇了夏天，而不是其他季節(jié)，因?yàn)榧膊≡谘谉岬募竟?jié)很容易傳播。此外，城市里的富人通常會在夏天去度假。另一方面，鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校有完全不同的學(xué)校日歷。在19世紀(jì)，鄉(xiāng)村的孩子只在學(xué)校呆了五到六個月——夏天是兩到三個月，冬天也是一樣——一年剩下的時間在農(nóng)場工作。因此，當(dāng)城市的教育工作者擔(dān)心孩子們太忙時，這個國家的官員們認(rèn)為他們的學(xué)生太自由了。 正是在20世紀(jì)初，許多農(nóng)業(yè)州的公立學(xué)校官員延長了學(xué)年，并為鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)校引入了與城市學(xué)校相同的暑假。但你知道暑假是你可以失去你所學(xué)到的東西的時候嗎？根據(jù)約翰霍普金斯中心的數(shù)據(jù)，孩子們在9月初的考試中得分比6月底低。他們的研究還表明，長時間的休息會阻止孩子的學(xué)習(xí)過程。在夏季，學(xué)生可能會失去大約2.6個月的年級水平對等性。每年，新學(xué)年的老師們都要花幾周的時間幫助孩子們趕上他們在暑假期間忘記的材料。  （三）We see logos on signs, buildings, television，and even on the clothes we wear. Logos are used to stand for brands(品牌). There are logos such as the Nike "swoosh", the Apple logo and the colorful rings of the Olympic Games. All of these logos are designed to a_____1_____ our attention. They also help us remember a product or service connected to the logo. However, research performed at the University of California, Los Angeles finds that remembering the details of logos is very d_____2_____. The researchers try to explain this.Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize. Y_____3_____ the frequent exposure(頻繁接觸) to these logos can actually make our brains overlook the details of logos. It would be challenging to try to remember every single thing that crosses our path. We take in so much information every day that the brain works to notice information that does not need to be stored. It a_____4_____ the unimportant information to disappear gradually from our memory.The details of product logos are just the kind of information our brains tell us we do not need. This may be discouraging to logo designers and to companies that use these eye-catching logos. But there are still many business experts who believe in the i_____5_____ of a recognizable logo. Even though the brain is likely to pay no attention to unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This repeated exposure leads our brains to remember the basic idea without all of the details. This general sense of memory has its own benefits. It can make us feel like we really know the product behind the logo. In fact, familiarity with a logo can even make people feel more c_____6_____ about buying or using certain products.Logos are everywhere we look today. Those people who create logos need to know that people will only remember what they believe is important. A clever design may be interesting, but most people will f_____7_____ the details.  答案：1.attract 2.difficult 3.Yet 4.allows 5.importance 6.comfortable 7.forget  譯文：我們在標(biāo)志、建筑、電視，甚至我們穿的衣服上看到標(biāo)志。標(biāo)志被用來代表品牌。有耐克的“勾”，蘋果的標(biāo)志和奧運(yùn)會的彩色戒指。所有這些標(biāo)志都是為了吸引我們的注意。它們還能幫助我們記住與該標(biāo)志相關(guān)聯(lián)的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)。然而，在加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，記住商標(biāo)的細(xì)節(jié)是非常困難的。研究人員試圖解釋這一點(diǎn)。標(biāo)識通常被設(shè)計(jì)為簡單且易于識別。然而，頻繁接觸這些標(biāo)識實(shí)際上會讓我們的大腦忽略標(biāo)識的細(xì)節(jié)。要想記住我們所遇到的每一件事都是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的。我們每天接收如此多的信息，以至于大腦會注意到不需要存儲的信息。它允許不重要的信息從我們的記憶中逐漸消失。 產(chǎn)品標(biāo)識的細(xì)節(jié)只是我們的大腦告訴我們不需要的信息。這可能會讓標(biāo)志設(shè)計(jì)師和使用這些引人注目的標(biāo)志的公司感到沮喪。但仍有許多商業(yè)專家相信一個可識別的標(biāo)志的重要性。盡管大腦可能不會注意不必要的細(xì)節(jié)，但它也被編程來識別。當(dāng)我們一遍又一遍地看到標(biāo)識時，我們就會熟悉它們。這種反復(fù)的暴露讓我們的大腦在沒有所有細(xì)節(jié)的情況下記住了基本的想法。這種一般的記憶感也有它自己的好處。它會讓我們覺得我們真的知道這個標(biāo)志背后的產(chǎn)品。事實(shí)上，熟悉一個商標(biāo)甚至可以讓人們對購買或使用某些產(chǎn)品感到更舒服。 我們今天看到到處都是標(biāo)志。那些創(chuàng)造商標(biāo)的人需要知道，人們只會記住他們認(rèn)為重要的東西。一個聰明的設(shè)計(jì)可能很有趣，但大多數(shù)人會忘記細(xì)節(jié)。  （四）What makes humans smarter than other animals? We’ve got a bigger brain, of course. But when it comes to brains, is bigger always better? Traditionally, scientists have thought that humans’ better intelligence(智慧) came mostly from the f_____1_____ that our brains are three times bigger than those of our nearest living relatives, chimpanzees. People even used to believe that men are smarter than women because men have a little larger brains.                                                This, however, is not the truth. Scientists at University College London in the UK have found that brain organization, and not brain size, is the k_____2_____ to the advantage of human intelligence, reported Live Science.Through millions of years of gradual development, our ancestors(祖先) were pushed to get smarter all the time so that they could m_____3_____ the needs of new environments. However, holding this growing intelligence in increasingly large brains was not the best choice because bigger brains require more energy to power. “This is when reorganization may come into play,” said Christophe Soligo, a member of the London research team.In the study, scientists looked at the brains of 17 kinds of primates(靈長目動物), i_____4_____ monkeys, apes and humans. They found that in the process of gradual development, brains didn’t keep growing as a whole. Certain parts of the brain grew more than others as needed, and in this way they could make the best use of their l_____5_____ brain space.For example, when early humans were trying hard to live, the brain region(區(qū)域) which is in charge of using tools and finding food grew in size more than other regions. But in modern times, the prefrontal cortex(前額皮質(zhì))— the region in charge of social cognition(認(rèn)知), moral judgments and goal-directed planning — grew more than the rest of the brain.Think of the brain as a room. If a big room is poorly organized, it doesn’t necessarily s_____6_____ more things than a smaller one. Paul Manger, a professor, explains this using the example of whales. He told Scientific American: “Whales have big brains. But if you look at the actual structure(結(jié)構(gòu)) of the brain, it’s very simple. Brain size only matters if the rest of the brain is organized p_____7_____. ”    答案：1.fact 2.key 3.meet 4.including 5.limited 6.store 7.properly 譯文：是什么讓人類比其他動物更聰明？當(dāng)然，我們有一個更大的大腦。但說到大腦，越大總是更好嗎？ 傳統(tǒng)上，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，人類更好的智力主要來自于這樣一個事實(shí)：我們的大腦比我們最近的親戚黑猩猩大三倍。人們甚至曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為男人比女人聰明，因?yàn)槟腥说拇竽X要大一些。然而，這并不是事實(shí)。據(jù)《現(xiàn)場科學(xué)》報道，英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦的組織，而不是大腦的大小，是人類智慧的優(yōu)勢的關(guān)鍵。 經(jīng)過數(shù)百萬年的逐漸發(fā)展，我們的祖先一直被逼得更聰明，以便他們能夠滿足新環(huán)境的需求。然而，在越來越大的大腦中保持這種不斷增長的智力并不是最好的選擇，因?yàn)楦蟮拇竽X需要更多的能量來獲得能量。倫敦研究小組成員：“克利斯托夫·索利戈說。在這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們觀察了17種靈長類動物的大腦，其中包括猴子、猿類和人類。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在逐漸發(fā)育的過程中，大腦并沒有作為一個整體持續(xù)生長。大腦的某些部分在需要時比其他部分長得更多，這樣他們就可以充分利用他們有限的大腦空間。 例如，當(dāng)早期人類努力生存時，負(fù)責(zé)使用工具和尋找食物的大腦區(qū)域比其他區(qū)域長得更大。但在現(xiàn)代，前額葉皮層——負(fù)責(zé)社會認(rèn)知、道德判斷和目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向規(guī)劃的區(qū)域——比大腦的其他部分增長得更多。 你可以把大腦想象成一個房間。如果一個大房間組織不善，它不一定比一個小房間儲存更多的東西。 保羅·馬格教授以鯨魚為例解釋了這一點(diǎn)。他告訴《科學(xué)美國人》：“鯨魚有很大的大腦。但如果你看看大腦的實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)，它會非常簡單。大腦的大小只有在大腦的其他部分組織正常時才會重要。”  （五）Teens Making a DifferenceThe power of teens is making an influence. These students are showing they have a valuable talent for inspiring younger children to do their best. Tutors(輔導(dǎo)教師) ProgramYounger children sometimes are w_____1_____ about their homework. In one Seattle after-school program, student tutors come to help. They help the children with artworks when their homework is done. The younger students are happy to get help with their homework. They are even happier to get the attention of older students. The younger students say the tutors are great role models. The student tutors say they get a great experience from working with younger children. It gives them confidence and i_____2_____ their communication skills. Youth Coaches ProgramWhat's b_____3_____ than a play day at school? A play day with teen coaches! Just ask the six hundred students at a Florida primary school. Each year, they spend a special day with some of high school athletes. The teens teach all kinds of athletic skills. Some children learn to play basketball w_____4_____others learn to play tennis or football. The teens also take time to e_____5_____ how they balance sports and schoolwork and the young listeners hang on every word the teens say!Dance Teachers ProgramWhen parents in one Boston community were asked what they wished their children could do after school, they said, “Dance!” They probably wouldn't predict what happened next. Six teens volunteered to learn Latin dance. They wanted to teach the children in the community how to dance!The teens formed a group and began s_____6_____ the dance steps they learned. The program grew quickly. More teens became teachers and more younger children learned to dance. For the younger children, it was a chance to spend time with teen role models that they admired. Today, the program is a big s_____7_____. Over three hundred children take part in the classes every year.   答案：1.worried 2.improves 3.better 4.while 5.explain 6.sharing 7.success 譯文：發(fā)揮作用的青少年青少年的力量正在產(chǎn)生影響。這些學(xué)生展示了他們有激勵年幼的孩子做到最好的寶貴才能。 導(dǎo)師計(jì)劃 年幼的孩子有時會擔(dān)心他們的家庭作業(yè)。在西雅圖的一個課外項(xiàng)目中，學(xué)生導(dǎo)師來幫助。當(dāng)孩子們完成家庭作業(yè)時，他們會幫助他們制作藝術(shù)品。年輕的學(xué)生很高興在家庭作業(yè)上得到幫助。他們甚至更高興能得到高年級學(xué)生的注意。 年齡較小的學(xué)生說，導(dǎo)師是很好的榜樣。學(xué)生導(dǎo)師說，他們通過和年幼的孩子一起工作獲得了很好的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它給他們信心，提高他們的溝通技巧。青年教練計(jì)劃 還有什么比在學(xué)校里玩耍一天更好的呢？與青少年教練一起玩耍的一天！只要問問佛羅里達(dá)一所小學(xué)的600名學(xué)生就知道了。每年，他們都會和一些高中運(yùn)動員一起度過一個特別的一天。 這些青少年教授各種運(yùn)動技能。有些孩子學(xué)習(xí)打籃球，而另一些孩子則學(xué)習(xí)打網(wǎng)球或踢足球。青少年還會花時間解釋他們是如何平衡運(yùn)動和學(xué)業(yè)的，年輕的聽眾會堅(jiān)持青少年說的每一個字！ 舞蹈教師計(jì)劃 當(dāng)波士頓一個社區(qū)的家長們被問及他們希望孩子們放學(xué)后能做些什么時，他們說：“跳舞！”他們可能無法預(yù)測接下來會發(fā)生什么。6名青少年自愿學(xué)習(xí)拉丁舞。他們想教社區(qū)里的孩子們?nèi)绾翁瑁?這些青少年組成了一個小組，并開始分享他們所學(xué)到的舞步。這個項(xiàng)目發(fā)展迅速。越來越多的青少年成為教師，更小的孩子學(xué)會了跳舞。對于年幼的孩子來說，這是一個陪伴他們所欣賞的青少年榜樣的機(jī)會。今天，這個項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)大獲成功了。每年有300多名孩子參加這些課程。  （六）Rupert Isaacson was born in London to African parents, and grew up in the English countryside where he discovered his love of horses. Later, as he grew up hearing so many fascinating m_____1_____ about Africa from his parents, he went there and lived with the people called the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert.By the year 2000, Rupert was already working as a reporter, writing articles and guidebooks about Africa and India. He met his wife Kristin in India. Today, they live with their son, Rowan, in the US. But Rupert f_____2_____ the greatest challenge of his life when, at the age of two, Rowan was diagnosed with an illness that harmed his ability to communicate with others.Rupert discovered that spending time with horses and riding them was helping Rowan. But u_____3_____, the Bushmen of the Kalahari do not have horses. So the family set out for Mongolia, where horses have been important for long. Rupert has written about this journey to help his son in his book Horse Boy, and then he produced a documentary film of the same name. In the film, people have the c_____4_____ to see the family travelling in Mongolia, riding horses and meeting healers(治療師) in order to help Rowan.L_____5_____, Rupert set up the Horse Boy Foundation on his farm in Texas in order to help more people like Rowan. It is a school that teaches people how to use horses for healing. He wrote a_____6_____ book The Long Ride Home about travelling with Rowan to Africa, Australia and Arizona in the US. Then Rupert continued to produce the documentary programme Endangerous, with Rowan as host, about dangerous animals that were endangered.Rupert Isaacson has m_____7_____ to discover the secrets of turning one challenge into many achievements.  答案：1.memories 2.faced 3.unluckily 4.chances 5.Later 6.another 7.managed  譯文：魯伯特·艾薩克森出生在倫敦，父母是非洲人，在英國鄉(xiāng)村長大，在那里他發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對馬的熱愛。后來，當(dāng)他從父母那里聽到了許多關(guān)于非洲的迷人回憶時，他去了那里，和喀拉哈里沙漠中的布須曼人生活在一起。 到了2000年，魯伯特已經(jīng)成為了一名記者，撰寫了關(guān)于非洲和印度的文章和旅游指南。他在印度遇到了他的妻子克里斯汀。如今，他們和兒子羅文住在美國。但魯伯特面臨著他一生中最大的挑戰(zhàn)，當(dāng)時，兩歲的羅文被診斷出患有一種疾病，這損害了他與他人溝通的能力。魯伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)，花時間和馬在一起，騎著馬是在幫助羅文。但不幸的是，喀拉哈里人的布須曼人并沒有馬。于是全家出發(fā)前往蒙古，那里的馬一直很重要。魯伯特在他的書《馬的男孩》中寫下了這次幫助他兒子的旅程，然后他制作了一部同名紀(jì)錄片。在影片中，人們有機(jī)會看到這個家人在蒙古旅行，騎馬和會見治療師，以幫助羅文。 后來，魯伯特在他位于德克薩斯州的農(nóng)場里建立了馬男孩基金會，以幫助更多像羅文這樣的人。這是一所教人們?nèi)绾问褂民R來治療的學(xué)校。他還寫了另一本書《長途旅行回家》，講述了他和羅文一起去非洲、澳大利亞和美國的亞利桑那州旅行的故事。然后，魯伯特繼續(xù)制作紀(jì)錄片《危險》，羅文擔(dān)任主持人，講述瀕危的危險動物。 魯伯特·艾薩克森已經(jīng)設(shè)法發(fā)現(xiàn)了將一個挑戰(zhàn)轉(zhuǎn)化為許多成就的秘密。    

相關(guān)試卷

15-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)：

這是一份15-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)，共11頁。試卷主要包含了bad 2等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

14-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)：

這是一份14-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)，共11頁。試卷主要包含了if 2等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

12-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)：

這是一份12-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)，共11頁。試卷主要包含了traditins 2等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

07-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)

07-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)
05-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)

05-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題(上海專用)
03-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）

03-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）
02-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）

02-沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
中考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部