Grwing up in a greener urban(城鎮(zhèn)的) envirnment imprves children’s intelligence and reduces levels f difficult behaviur, a study has fund.
The analysis f mre than 600 children a_____1_____ 10 t 15 shwed that a 3% increase in the greenness f their neighbrhd raised their IQ scre by an average f 2.6 pints.The effect was seen in bth richer and prer areas.
There is already imprtant evidence fr green spaces’ effects n imprving varius aspects f children’s cgnitive(認知) develpment, but this is the first research examining IQ. The cause is uncertain but m_____2_____ be linked t lwer stress levels, mre play and scial cntact r a quieter envirnment.
“Evidence has built up ver time as green envirnment is c_____3_____ with imprved cgnitive functining, such as memry skills and attentin,” said Tim Nawrt, a prfessr f envirnmental epidemilgy at Hasselt University in Belgium, where the study was cnducted.
The study, published in the jurnal Pls Medicine, used satellite images t m_____4_____the level f greenness in neighbrhds, including parks, gardens, street trees and all ther vegetatin.
The average IQ scre was 105 but the scientists fund 4% f children in areas with lw levels f greenery(綠化) scred belw 80, w_____5_____ n children scred belw 80 in areas with mre greenery.
The benefits f mre greenery recrded in urban areas were nt f_____6_____ in suburban(城郊的) r rural areas. Nawrt believed this culd be because thse places had enugh greenness fr all children living there t benefit.
Behaviral difficulties such as pr attentin and aggressiveness were als measured in the children using a standard rating scale(標準評分量表), and the average scre was 46. In this case, a 3% rise in greenery c_____7_____ a tw-pint reductin in behaviral prblems, in line with previus(先前的) studies.
答案：
1.aged 2.may 3.cnnected 4.measure 5.while 6.fund 7.caused
譯文：
一項研究發(fā)現，在更環(huán)保的城市環(huán)境中長大可以提高孩子的智力，降低困難行為的水平。
對600多名10至15歲兒童的分析顯示，他們社區(qū)的綠色度增加3%，他們的智商平均提高了2.6分。這種影響在富裕地區(qū)和貧窮地區(qū)都有體現。
已經有重要的證據表明綠地對改善兒童認知發(fā)展的各個方面的影響，但這是第一個檢驗智商的研究。其原因尚不確定，但可能與較低的壓力水平、更多的玩耍和社交接觸或更安靜的環(huán)境有關。
進行這項研究的比利時哈塞爾特大學的環(huán)境流行病學教授蒂姆·納羅特說，“隨著時間的推移，綠色環(huán)境與認知功能的改善有關，如記憶技能和注意力等環(huán)境功能的改善，證據逐漸增強?！?
這項研究發(fā)表在《公共醫(yī)學》雜志上，利用衛(wèi)星圖像測量社區(qū)的綠色水平，包括公園、花園、街道樹木和所有其他植被。
平均智商為105分，但科學家們發(fā)現，在綠化水平較低的地區(qū)，有4%的兒童得分低于80分，而在綠化水平較高的地區(qū)，沒有兒童得分低于80分。
在城市地區(qū)記錄的好處在郊區(qū)或農村地區(qū)并未發(fā)現。納羅特認為，這可能是因為這些地方有足夠的綠色環(huán)境，可以讓所有住在那里的孩子都受益。
使用標準評分量表也測量了兒童的注意力差和攻擊性差等行為困難，平均得分為46分。在這種情況下，綠色植物的數量增加了3%，行為問題就減少了兩分，這與之前的研究一致。
（二）
As an English language teacher, I have cme int cntact with many many different natinalities. The peple I teach English t cme frm very different backgrunds. I have als been l_____1_____ enugh t travel t different cuntries with my wrk: The USA, China, France, Austria, Germany and Italy t name just a few. Yu might think, then, that I wuld be well prepared fr the challenge f meeting different cultures. I think I am quite well prepared but I have had sme interesting and surprising experiences. Here are sme f them that have made an impressin n me.
Arab culture
When sme Saudi Arabian students invited me t their huse fr a meal we sat n the flr t eat. When I cmplimented(贊美) t an Omani students n his smart cat, he _____2_____ it t me! It seems that is the expected respnse in sme parts f the Arab wrld. When I asked a Saudi student when his birthday was, he said he did nt knw. I kept asking him the same questin, thinking he did nt understand, but the p_____3_____ was that they dn’t celebrate birthdays in sme parts f the Arab wrld.
Japanese culture
When I was invited fr a meal by sme Japanese students, I was surprised that I had t take my shes ff befre ging int the huse. I was e_____4_____ mre surprised when I had t sing karake! I have nticed that when I asked Japanese students questins, they ften dn’t say anything u_____5_____ they have the answer. The silence is lnger than we expect in English culture, where yu nrmally make sme kind f nise t shw yu have understd questins and yu are thinking abut it.
Chinese culture
We had a grup f Chinese teachers here. They made their tea in their cups. Biling water is added t the s_____6_____ leaves when they wanted anther cup f tea. I fund this interesting because we make ur tea in a teapt using biling water. But new leaves r teabags are used every time we want anther pt f tea. We drink black tea r milk and sugar can be added t the tea.
I dn’t think the culture differences I have experienced have brught me any r_____7_____ truble. They just make life interesting.
答案：
1.lucky 2.ffered 3.prblem 4.even 5.until 6.same 7.real
譯文：
作為一名英語教師，我曾接觸過許多不同國家的人。我教英語的人都來自非常不同的背景。我也很幸運地帶著我的工作去了不同的國家旅行：美國、中國、法國、奧地利、德國和意大利等等。那么，你可能會認為，我會為迎接不同文化的挑戰(zhàn)做好充分的準備。我想我已經準備得很好了，但我有一些有趣和令人驚訝的經歷。以下是一些給我留下深刻印象的經歷。
阿拉伯文化
當一些沙特阿拉伯的學生邀請我到他們家吃飯時，我們就坐在地板上吃飯。當我稱贊穿著一名阿曼學生的智能外套時，他把它遞給了我！這似乎是阿拉伯世界某些地區(qū)預期中的反應。當我問一個沙特學生他的生日是什么時候時，他說他不知道。我一直在問他同樣的問題，以為他不明白，但問題是，在阿拉伯世界的一些地方，他們不慶祝生日。
日本文化
當我被一些日本學生邀請去吃飯時，我很驚訝，我不得不在回家之前脫掉鞋子。當我不得不唱卡拉OK時，我就更驚訝了！我注意到，當我問日本學生一些問題時，他們通常在得到答案之前什么都不說。沉默比我們在英國文化中預期的要長，在英國文化中，你通常會發(fā)出一些噪音來表明你已經理解了問題，并且你正在思考它。
中國文化
我們這里有一群中文老師。他們在杯子里泡茶。當他們想再喝一杯茶時，就會在同樣的葉子上加入沸水。我覺得這很有趣，因為我們用沸水在茶壺里泡茶。但是每次我們想要另一壺茶時，就會使用新的葉子或茶包。我們喝紅茶或牛奶，茶中可以加入糖。
我不認為我經歷的文化差異給我?guī)砣魏握嬲穆闊?。它們只是讓生活變得有趣?br>（三）
One mrning, Gregr Samsa wke up frm a bad dream and realized he was sme kind f a terrible insect. He was a cckrach (蟋蟀), and he was as large as a man! Lying n his back, he culd see his large brwn belly and thin legs. He tried t turn ver nt his side, but every time he tried, he wuld rll nt his back again.
He began t think abut his jb as a traveling salesman. He hated his jb, but he had t d it t s_____1_____ his father, mther, and sister because his father n lnger wrked. He lked at the clck and realized he had verslept—it was 6:30! He was late. The next train left at 7:00. He wuld have t hurry t make it.
A few minutes later his mther yelled t him: “It’s 6:45. Yu are late. Get up!” When he answered her, he was s_____2_____ t hear his vice; it sunded s high.“Yes, mther. I’m getting up nw.” His sister nw whispered thrugh the dr, “Gregr, are yu all right? D yu need anything?”
Well, it was time t get up. Surely, as sn as he gt ut f bed, he wuld realize this had all been a bad dream. He tried t mve his back part ut first, but it mved s slwly, and it was s difficult. His thin little legs seemed u_____3_____, just mving and mving in the air, nt helping him at all. Then he tried the frnt part. This wrked better, but he still culdn’t mve enugh t get ut f bed. He began rcking back and frth, strnger and strnger, and f_____4_____ threw himself nt the flr, hitting his head as he fell.
S_____5_____, he heard a knck at the dr. It was his manager, wh had cme t see why he was late. “Oh,” thught Gregr, “I hate my jb.” Then the manager spke. “Mr. Samsa, I must warn yu that yu culd lse yur jb because f this. L_____6_____, yur wrk has nt been very gd, and nw I find yu in bed when yu shuld be at wrk!” Gregr panicked and said, “N, n, I will cme ut immediately. I was sick, but nw I feel much better.”
The manager and Gregr’s family didn’t understand a single wrd he said, fr his speech was nw the hiss(嘶嘶聲) f an insect. As he talked, he m_____7_____ t mve himself t the chest f drawers, tried t stand up, then slipped and fell, hlding tightly t a chair with his thin legs. He eventually pened the dr and lean(倚靠) against it.
答案：
1.supprt 2.surprised 3.useless 4.finally 5.Suddenly 6.Lately 7.managed
譯文：
一天早上，格雷戈爾·薩姆薩從一場噩夢中醒來，意識到自己是某種可怕的昆蟲。他是一只蟑螂（蟋蟀），而且他和一個男人一樣大！他仰面躺著，可以看到他棕色的大肚子和細的腿。他試圖轉過身來，但每次他嘗試時，他都會再次滾到背上。
他開始考慮自己當旅行推銷員的工作。他討厭自己的工作，但他不得不這樣做來支持他的父親、母親和妹妹，因為他的父親不再工作了。他看了看時鐘，意識到自己睡過頭了——已經是六四點半了！他已經遲到了。下一班火車是在7點出發(fā)的。他必須趕快去。
幾分鐘后，他的媽媽對他喊道：“現在是6：45了?！蹦阋呀涍t到了。起床吧！”當他回答她時，他驚訝地聽到了他的聲音；它聽起來那么高?！笆堑模瑡寢?。我現在要起床了?！彼拿妹猛高^門低聲說：“格里高爾，你沒事嗎？”你需要什么嗎？”
嗯，是時候起床了。當然，當他一下了床，他就會意識到這一切都是一場噩夢。他想先把他的后部移出來，但它移動得很慢，而且很困難。他那細細的小腿似乎毫無用處，只是在空中不斷移動，對他根本沒有幫助。然后他試了試前部分。這樣做效果更好，但他仍然無法足夠起床。他開始前后搖晃，越來越強壯，最后倒在地上，摔倒時撞到了頭。 突然，他聽到了一陣敲門聲。是他的經理，他來看看他為什么遲到了?！芭?，”格里高爾想，“我討厭我的工作?！比缓蠼浝黹_口說話了?！八_姆薩先生，我必須警告你，你可能會因此而失業(yè)。最近，你的工作不太好，現在我發(fā)現你應該在工作的時候躺在床上！”格里高爾驚慌失措地說：“不，不，我馬上就出來?！蔽也×?，但現在我感覺好多了?！?br>經理和格雷戈爾的家人連他說的一個字都聽不懂，因為他講的話現在是一種昆蟲的嘶嘶聲。他一邊說，一邊設法把自己挪到五斗櫥前，他試圖站起來，然后滑倒了。他用細腿緊緊地抓住一把椅子。他最終打開了門，靠在門上面。
（四）
A leading fd industry bss has warned that prices will spike(飆升) as a result f the war in Ukraine(烏克蘭).
Russia and Ukraine are sme f the wrld's b_____1_____ suppliers f wheat and exprts(出口) will be affected by the cnflict(沖突). In additin, the price f gas—which is used t heat greenhuses and t prcess fertilizer(化肥), which is essential t fd prductin—has risen.
The chief executive f 2 Sisters tld the reprter that it had already been frced t pay 50% mre fr chicken it receives frm farms. He believed that if the war cntinues fr mnths, it means we may need t start imprting(進口) less and prducing mre _____2_____.
Mr Kers als thught that the UK's exit frm the Eurpean Unin had made matters mre d_____3_____, because f a heavier administrative(行政) burden(負擔) fr farmers. Befre that, the Natinal Farmers Unin (NFU) warned that fd prductin culd be hit, affecting whether peple culd a_____4_____ fd in the shps fr years.
In a letter t the gvernment last week, it called fr urgent(緊急的) help fr farmers. NFU president Minette Batters als tld the reprter last week that the rising cst f prducing fruit, vegetables and meat culd cause farmers t m_____5_____ less at a time when the natin needs mre.
"I think the whle wrld has t r_____6_____ that this is nt smething we've faced befre, we are ging t see wheat price inflatin(通貨膨脹) levels that have never happened," she said.
Research frm the Reslutin Fundatin think tank(英國決議基金會智庫) published n Mnday shws that the war in Ukraine culd see a_____7_____ spike in the cst f living this autumn.
答案：
1.biggest 2. urselves3.difficult 4.affrd 5.make 6.recgnize/realize 7.anther
譯文：
一位食品產業(yè)的領頭人警告說，由于烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭，物價將飆升。
俄羅斯和烏克蘭是世界上最大的兩個小麥供應國，小麥出口將受到沖突影響。此外，汽油價格也持續(xù)攀升——汽油是對食品生產至關重要的原料，人們用它加熱大棚與制作化肥。
姐妹食品集團的董事長告訴記者，他們已經不得不支付多一半的價錢，購買農場的雞肉。他認為，如果烏俄戰(zhàn)事持續(xù)數月，“對于英國來說，我們或許需要進口更少的農副產品，轉而自己生產更多?！?br>與此同時，科爾斯認為英國脫歐令事態(tài)雪上加霜，農民的行政負擔加重。在科爾斯之前，英國國家農場主聯合會已經發(fā)出警告，稱食品生產行業(yè)將遭到重創(chuàng)，可能影響未來數年食品的可購買性。
在上周致政府的信函中，國家農場主聯合會呼吁立刻加大對農民的扶持。聯合會主席米涅特·巴特斯（Minette Batters）上周告訴記者，水果、蔬菜、肉類的成本上浮，這可能會導致食品生產供不應求。
“我認為全世界必須認識到，這是前所未有的危機，小麥價格會上漲到全新的高度?！彼f。
英國決議基金會智庫于周一發(fā)表的研究稱，烏克蘭戰(zhàn)事將導致今年秋天生活成本再次飆升。
（五）
Tuch is ne f the mst imprtant f ur five senses. It is ne f the first senses we develp. One f the mst cmmnly accepted frms f tuch amng peple is als ne f the first experiences we have in the wrld—A hug!
There is n b_____1_____ way t understand the imprtance f hugs than t lse them. Fr thse wh have experienced the lss f hugs, yu will knw hw imprtant they are t share.
A recent research has s_____2_____ that when peple hug, the brain releases the chemical which increases ur willingness t trust and reduces fear. It has als fund that hugs are great fr yur heart.
In 1995, a pair f newly brn twins was being cared fr in hspital. W_____3_____ ne f the twins seemed quite healthy, her sister was nt. After trying different medical treatments, the nurse n duty, Gayle Kasparian placed the twins in bed tgether. The twins i_____4_____ snuggled(依偎) up t each ther. As ne placed her arm arund the ther, the weak baby became better gradually. Hw great the pwer f a hug is!
The need fr hugs desn’t d_____5_____ as we grw lder, thugh it seems we are less willing t give them. Research n peple f all ages has prven that a hug is necessary fr p_____6_____ and emtinal health.
Withut hugs we can becme sad. A hug prvides s_____7_____ and gentleness. A hug prvides us with scial cntact, a sense f health and a feeling f imprtance and belnging.
答案：
1.better 2.shwn 3.While 4.immediately 5.disappear 6.physical 7.safety
譯文：
觸摸是我們五種感官中最重要的一種。這是我們首先發(fā)展出來的感官之一。人們最普遍接受的接觸方式之一也是我們在世界上最初的體驗之一——擁抱！
沒有比失去擁抱更好的方法來理解擁抱的重要性了。對于那些經歷過失去擁抱的人來說，你就會知道分享擁抱有多重要。
最近的一項研究表明，當人們擁抱時，大腦會釋放出這種化學物質，增加我們信任的意愿，減少恐懼。這也發(fā)現，擁抱對你的心很有好處。
1995年，一對新生的雙胞胎在醫(yī)院接受治療。雖然雙胞胎中的一個看起來很健康，但她的姐姐卻不健康。在嘗試了不同的醫(yī)療方法后，護士開始值班。蓋爾·卡斯帕里安把這對雙胞胎放在了床上。這對雙胞胎立刻互相依偎著。當一個人摟住另一只手時，虛弱的嬰兒逐漸好轉。一個擁抱的力量是多么強大??！
對擁抱的需要并沒有隨著年齡的增長而消失，盡管我們似乎不太愿意給予擁抱。對所有年齡段的人的研究已經證明，擁抱對身體和情感健康是必要的。
如果沒有擁抱，我們就會變得悲傷。一個擁抱提供了安全和溫柔。一個擁抱給我們提供了一種社會接觸、一種健康感和一種重要性和歸屬感。
（六）
Cruises(游輪) are becming mre and mre ppular, with arund 20 millin passengers per year nw enjying hlidays n bard luxury(奢侈的) ships. Mre peple see a cruise as the perfect way t sit back and d nthing, and enjy time ff wrk. But what is the e_____1_____ n the envirnment f this trend(趨勢)?
Althugh it usually takes less energy fr a vehicle t mve thrugh water than ver land, cruise ships are ften massive, with the b_____2_____ nes carrying up t 6,000 passengers. Mving such large vehicles requires huge engines which burn as much as 300,000 litres f fuel a day. One scientist has calculated that cruise ships create as much pllutin as 5 millin cars ging ver the same distance. Because they are ut at sea, they als burn dirtier fuel that isn’t a_____3_____ n land. Unfrtunately, n gvernment has cntrl ver the amunt f air pllutin ut at sea.
Cruises als prduce huge a_____4_____ f rubbish, and cruise ships aren’t usually gd at recycling. Waste water frm shwers and tilets is usually pured directly int the sea—as much per day as frm a small twn. Waste fd frm restaurants isn’t put int the sea, b_____5_____ still causes prblems when brught back t the land.
Cruise ships als cause difficulties in the cities where they stp. Ppular destinatins can get five r six ships per day, with thusands f turists at a time. Gd fr restaurants? N. Restaurant wners c_____6_____ that the visitrs lk arund fr a few hurs and then return t their ship t eat. What’s mre, the crwds can put ff ther turists, wh say that the streets are t busy. Sme twns have banned(禁止) cruise ships r put a limit n the n_____7_____ that can stp at the same time. Peple wh care abut the envirnment wrry that as the cruise industry cntinues t grw, s will the issues fr ur planet.
答案：
1.effect 2.biggest 3.allwed 4.amunts 5.but 6.cmplain 7.number
譯文：
游輪越來越受歡迎，現在每年約有2000萬乘客在豪華游輪上度假。越來越多的人認為游輪旅行是坐著、無所事事、享受休假時間的完美方式。但是，這種趨勢對環(huán)境的影響是什么呢？
雖然車輛在水中行駛的能量通常比在陸地上行駛的能量少，但游輪通常都很大，最大的游輪可以搭載6000名乘客。移動如此大的車輛需要巨大的引擎，每天燃燒多達30萬升的燃料。一位科學家計算出，游輪造成的污染相當于500萬輛汽車。因為它們在海上，它們也燃燒陸地上不允許的更臟的燃料。不幸的是，沒有一個政府能控制住海上的空氣污染量。
游輪也會產生大量的垃圾，而游輪通常不善于回收利用。淋浴和廁所的廢水通常直接流入大?！刻旌蛠碜孕℃?zhèn)的廢水一樣多。餐館的廢棄食物不會被放進海里，但當被帶回陸地時仍然會造成問題。
游輪也會給它們?？康某鞘袔砝щy。受歡迎的目的地每天可以有五到六艘船，一次有數千名游客。適合餐館嗎？不。餐館老板抱怨說，游客們四處找了幾個小時，然后又回到船上吃飯。更重要的是，人群可能會推遲其他游客，他們說街道太忙了。一些城鎮(zhèn)已經禁止游輪，或限制同時?？康臄盗?。關心環(huán)境的人擔心，隨著郵輪行業(yè)的持續(xù)增長，我們的星球的問題也會增長。

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