沖刺2022年中考英語首字母填空臨考押題（上海專用）14（一）The return of 'dumbphones'Seventeen-year-old Robin West is a bit special among her peers—she doesn't have a smartphone. Instead of swiping Douyin all day, she uses a so-called "dumbphone". These are basic phones, with very limited functionality compared to an iPhone. You can only make and receive calls and text messages. And, i_____1_____ you are lucky—listen to radio and take basic photos, but definitely(確定) not connect to the Internet or apps. These devices are s_____2_____ to some of the first handsets(手機) that people bought back in the late 1990s. Ms West's decision to give up her former smartphone two years ago was because of the moment thing. While looking for a replacement handset in a second-hand shop she was a_____3_____ by the low price of a "brick phone". "I didn't n_____4_____ until I bought a brick phone how much a smartphone was taking over my life," she says. "I had a lot of social media apps on it, and I didn't get as much work done as I was always on my phone." The Londoner adds that she doesn't think she'll ever buy a_____5_____ smartphone. "I'm happy with my brick—I don't think it limits me. I'm definitely more active." Dumbphones are continuing to be popular. A 2021 study by accountancy group Deloitte(德勤會計師事務) said that one in 10 mobile phone users in the UK had a dumbphone. "It seems fashion, nostalgia(情懷), and them appearing in Douyin videos, have a part to play in the dumbphone revival(再流行)," says a mobile expert. "Many of us had a dumbphone as our first mobile phone, so it's n_____6_____ that we feel a sense of nostalgia towards these classic handsets." One maker of dumbphones is New York company Light Phone. Slightly more clever than the norm for such products, its handsets a_____7_____ users to listen to music and broadcasts, and link by Bluetooth to headphones. Yet the firm promises that its phones "will never have social media, clickbait(標題) news, email, an Internet browser(瀏覽器)". Light Phone co-founder, Kaiwei Tang, says that, it’s surprising that the firm's main customers are aged between 25 and 35. He says he was expecting buyers to be much older.   答案：1.if 2.similar 3.attracted 4.notice 5.another 6.natural 7.allows  譯文：“小靈通”手機回潮十七歲的羅賓·韋斯特在同齡人中有點特別——她沒有智能手機。在別人整天刷抖音的時候，她卻在用一部所謂的“傻瓜手機”。這種基礎款手機，比起蘋果手機功能十分有限。你基本上只能用它們來接打電話或者收發(fā)短信。如果運氣不錯，你的手機或許還能聽廣播，或者有簡單的拍照功能，但這種手機根本無法上網(wǎng)或者安裝應用軟件，就像是上世紀九十年代末人們購買的那種最古早的手機。兩年前，韋斯特女士放棄智能手機是一時興起。當時，她正在二手店物色替換的手機，結果被“磚頭手機”的超低價格吸引。“買回磚頭手機之后，我才意識到智能手機占據(jù)了我生活的多大部分。”她說，“我有太多的社交媒體應用，因為不停刷手機，我根本做不了太多正經(jīng)事。”這位倫敦人補充說她不會再買智能手機了，“我對我的磚頭手機挺滿意的。我不認為它限制了我，相反，我變得更為主動了。”非智能手機逐漸再次流行起來。德勤會計師事務所2021年的一份研究稱，在英國，每十個用手機的人中就有一個人擁有非智能手機。“似乎時尚、情懷和非智能手機在抖音上的回歸，都幫助非智能手機重出江湖。”一位手機專家說。“很多人的第一部手機就是非智能手機，所以我們很自然地就會對經(jīng)典手機款式有種懷舊之情。”非智能手機的制造商之一是紐約的萊特手機公司。它的產(chǎn)品比古早款式多一些功能，比如可以聽音樂或者廣播，也能夠通過藍牙連接耳機。但萊特公司保證它們的手機“絕對不會有社交媒體、標題黨新聞、郵件、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器”。萊特手機的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，唐凱威說，令他驚訝的是，公司的主要客戶的年齡在25到35歲之間。他說自己原以為購買者會更年長一些。  （二）A journey through the historic streetsSpring rolls(春卷) fried in front of your eyes, delicious beer for 50 cents served fresh as you sit on tiny plastic stools, and so many motorbikes cross the road. These are some of the m_____1_____ as I looked back my trips to Vietnam(越南) over the years. It's easy to spend the whole day eating—whether it's warm bowls of pho (越南粉) or cold vermicelli with grilled pork(烤豬肉涼拌粉). But l_____2_____ you can walk the streets lined with colorful shops in the cities or hiking through the green jungles in the mountains. Or you can just accept that holidays are for r_____3_____ and spend your days lying on the beach. Vietnam was overlooked(忽視) as a tourist destination for a long time, but that has c_____4_____ dramatically over recent years (there were 18 million visitors in 2019, compared to just 3.7 million in 2009). The pandemic(流行病) was an unfortunate prevention for a country that had f_____5_____ found the travel fame it deserved, but Vietnam has reopened this month with no need for quarantine(隔離). One of the nice things about visiting Vietnam is that its long and thin geography makes it easy to see the whole country—you just go north from Ho Chi Minh City and then fly out of Hanoi at the end. I would r_____6_____ a two-week trip, which will give you enough time to enjoy all the highlights. A couple of days in Ho Chi Minh City gives you a sense of this frenetic(狂熱的) metropolis(大都市), which makes up for a lack of tourist sites with an endless immersion(沉浸) into the energy of local life. Take a food tour or j_____7_____ a local motorbike guide on an exploration of markets and neighborhoods. Fashionable cafes are a sign that the hipster(潮人) gentrification(中產(chǎn)階級化) has reached Vietnam, but side streets show the tradition.   答案：1.memories 2.luckily 3.relaxing 4.changed 5.finally 6.recommend 7.join  譯文：在古街上行走，開啟一段旅程親眼目睹炸春卷的制作過程，坐上塑料小凳，花上50美分就有新鮮可口的桶裝啤酒送上。無數(shù)摩托車來來往往。這些是我多年來回憶越南之旅時的一些記憶。花一整天的時間吃東西并不是件難事——無論是吃上幾碗溫熱的越南粉，還是吃烤豬肉涼拌粉。但幸運的是，之后可以逛一逛城里的大街小巷，沿街還有五顏六色的商鋪；也可以徒步穿越山區(qū)郁郁蔥蔥的叢林來消食；還可以懷著假期就是用來放松的想法，在沙灘上消磨時光。長久以來，越南都是被人們忽視的旅游勝地，但近幾年這一局面已得到巨大改善(2019年游客數(shù)量達1800萬，2009年僅有370萬游客)。當越南終于成為了名副其實的旅游勝地之后，卻不幸因為疫情陷入了停滯。但越南在本月已重新對外開放，入境后無需隔離。在越南旅游的一個好處在于其狹長的地理特征，不用花費多大力氣就能游完整個國家——只需從胡志明市往北游覽，最后從河內(nèi)離境。我建議花兩周的時間旅行，這樣你就有足夠的時間欣賞所有景點了。在胡志明市待上幾天，不斷地沉浸在當?shù)鼗盍λ纳涞纳钪?，你就會感受到這個大都市的狂熱氛圍，彌補了當?shù)厝狈β糜尉包c的不足之處。來一場美食之旅吧，或者跟隨當?shù)氐哪ν熊囅驅巴鱾€市場和社區(qū)進行探索。時髦的咖啡館是越南的潮人中產(chǎn)階級化的標志，但小街小巷中仍透露著傳統(tǒng)。  （三）Hear Me RoarAre you a tiger? According to the Chinese Zodiac(生肖), people born in the Year of the Tiger are kind and energetic. That m_____1_____ be true, but those characteristics are not generally related to real tigers. While we admire the handsome animals, we also fear them. But there are lessons everyone can learn from the lives of these amazing cats.Tigers s_____2_____ feed in groups in the wild, but when they do, males allow females and cubs to eat first. In other words, big, strong male(雄性的) tigers wait their turn and think of others before t_____3_____. We, too, should consider the needs of others before we act.Tigers can also teach us how to be strategic(有策略的). These smart animals study a situation before acting. They hardly attack prey(獵物) on sight but will consider their strategy several times, if necessary, before rushing forward.Tigers go after large prey, so they have big ideas. Although they have all their plans, tigers only end up with a meal once out of every 12 attempts(嘗試) to catch something. Y_____4_____ they do not give up; they keep trying until they succeed.Most kinds of cats a_____5_____ water, but tigers enjoy water and are very good swimmers. This love of water allows them to live in many different environments including forests, grasslands and mangrove swamps(紅樹林沼澤). Learn from the tiger, and decide for yourself what you can and cannot do. Try things that others consider impossible. Explore surprising places.Tigers' love of water also allows them to hunt and fight crocodiles. This kind of animals are extremely difficult to kill. Usually, tigers kill by biting the neck of their prey. But a crocodile's neck has a thick coat of armor(盔甲). Tigers are not put off by this. Instead, they c_____6_____ their strategy and attack the creature's weak areas like its stomach or eyes. Like the tiger, don't let difficult situations s_____7_____ you from succeeding. Try more than one method if your usual strategy isn't successful.Tigers are as different as people are. The fur of every tiger has a unique pattern. So be yourself and show off your stripes. Take a few hints(暗示) from the tiger, and let others hear you roar this year.  答案：1.may 2.seldom 3.themselves 4.Yet 5.avoid 6.change 7.stop  譯文：聽我咆哮你是老虎嗎？根據(jù)中國的十二生肖，在虎年出生的人是善良和精力充沛的。這可能是真的，但這些特征通常與真正的老虎無關。雖然我們欣賞這些英俊的動物，但我們也害怕它們。但是，每個人都可以從這些神奇的貓的生活中學到一些教訓。 在野外，老虎很少成群進食，但當它們成群進食時，雄性會允許雌性和幼崽先進食。換句話說，大而強壯的雄性老虎等待著輪到它們，在自己之前想到別人。在我們采取行動之前，我們也應該考慮到他人的需要。 老虎也可以教我們?nèi)绾纬蔀閼?zhàn)略家手。這些聰明的動物在行動前先研究一種情況。它們幾乎不會一看到獵物就攻擊，但如果有必要，會在向前沖之前多次考慮它們的策略。老虎會追逐很大的獵物，所以它們會有很大的想法。盡管老虎有種種計劃，但它們每12次嘗試捕捉一些東西中只吃一頓飯。但他們并沒有放棄；他們不斷努力，直到成功。 大多數(shù)種類的貓都避開水，但老虎喜歡水，游泳能力很強。這種對水的熱愛使它們能夠生活在許多不同的環(huán)境中，包括森林、草原和紅樹林沼澤。向老虎學習，并為自己決定你能做什么和不能做什么。嘗試一些別人認為不可能做的事情。探索令人驚訝的地方。 老虎對水的熱愛也使它們能夠捕獵和對抗鱷魚。這種動物很難被殺死。通常，老虎會通過咬住獵物的脖子來殺人。但是鱷魚的脖子上有一層厚厚的盔甲。老虎不會因此推遲。相反，它們會改變策略，攻擊生物的脆弱區(qū)域，比如胃或眼睛。就像老虎一樣，不要讓困難的情況阻止你的成功。如果你通常的策略不成功，請嘗試多個方法。 老虎和人一樣不同。每只老虎的皮毛都有一個獨特的圖案。所以，做你自己，炫耀一下你的條紋。接受老虎的一些暗示，讓別人聽到你的吼聲。  （四）Do you know the proverb “no pains, no gains”? It gives the i_____1_____ that we ought to be suffering while we study. It seems that the only way to know if we're putting in enough work is how much hardship we bear. We are totally taken up with study, shutting ourselves away for a big exam. Is that necessarily t_____2_____? When we haven't taken the time to come up with another idea, we just shut ourselves in a room with a book. It's no s_____3_____ that we find revision boring and difficult. Just as children learn from playing, we can learn from doing, or at least from study techniques that interest us, rather than make us switch off. Shutting ourselves away can make us learn to hate studying, leading to a situation where, instead of being able to concentrate on our work, we are troubled by how unfair it is that we must study. This can be part of a vicious(惡性的) cycle that traps us into ineffective revision, or poor progress fueling(增加) further annoyance.Thankfully, working in the company of other people really h_____4_____ fight against that. We just need to learn how to deal with distractions(分心). It’s not necessary to avoid all company, just lazy company. They constantly try to keep others in conversation. While studying in the same room with someone who is ironing or working out is perfectly possible. Of course, it's also a good idea to avoid the company of people i_____5_____ in activities where you would rather be playing than studying. Working while sitting next to someone playing video games is most l_____6_____ to end with a new high score games rather than productive revision.If being around others means working in a noisy environment, a pair of headphones and some background music can block out noise. They also act as a psychological barrier, so that people think twice before interrupting you. B_____7_____, we should know friends and family can reduce feelings of isolation. And connecting with other people makes us happy, so it's important not to give that up and to make sure that we take the time to socialize.  答案：1.impression 2.true3.surprise 4.helps 5.involved 6.likely 7.Besides 譯文：你知道“沒有痛苦，沒有收獲”的諺語嗎？它給人的印象是，我們在學習時應該受苦。似乎要知道我們是否投入了足夠的工作，唯一的方法就是我們承受了多少困難。我們完全開始學習，準備參加一場大型考試。這一定是真的嗎？ 當我們沒有花時間想出另一個想法，我們只是把自己關在一個房間里拿著一本書。毫不奇怪，我們覺得復習很無聊和困難。就像孩子們從玩耍中學習一樣，我們也可以從玩耍中學習，或者至少從我們感興趣的學習技巧中學習，而不是讓我們關閉游戲。把自己關起來會讓我們學會討厭學習，導致這樣一種情況：我們不能專注精力工作，而是為我們必須學習是多么不公平而感到困擾。這可能是惡性循環(huán)的一部分，使我們陷入無效的復習，或者糟糕的進展助長進一步的煩惱。值得慶幸的是，和其他人一起工作真的有助于對抗這一點。我們只需要學習如何處理干擾。沒有必要避免所有的公司，只是懶惰的公司。他們不斷地試圖與別人交談。在同一個房間里和熨衣服或鍛煉的人一起學習是完全有可能的。當然，避免有人參與那些你寧愿玩而不愿學習的活動也不是一個好主意。坐在玩電子游戲的人旁邊工作很可能以新的高分游戲結束，而不是富有成效的復習。 如果和別人在一起意味著在嘈雜的環(huán)境中工作，一副耳機和一些背景音樂可以屏蔽噪音。它們也是一種心理障礙，所以人們在打斷你之前會三思而后行。此外，我們應該知道，朋友和家人可以減少孤立感。和別人聯(lián)系會讓我們開心，所以重要的是不要放棄，確保我們花時間去社交。  （五）Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people.New research has found something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all.It has been k_____1_____ for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant sends out a small number of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for h_____2_____: "I'm being attacked!" When another bean plant discovers this, it starts to send out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others a_____3_____ insects—the wasps!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about his plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops in a better way.More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can't hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. They also "listen" to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell w_____4_____ a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can connect nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the "wood wide web". It is in some ways s_____5_____ to the Internet we use. The wood wide web is connected underground by fungi(菌類). This fungi network connects the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can s_____6_____ information and even food with each other. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own problems. Plants can steal food from each other, or attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a "firewall" to help prevent these attacks.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to "talk" with them o_____7_____.  答案：1.known 2.help3.attract 4.whether 5.similar 6.share 7.ourselves 譯文：許多文化都有說話樹的故事，給人們提供建議和警告。 新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚奇的東西：似乎植物可以交流。 一段時間以來，人們已經(jīng)知道植物使用化學物質來相互交流。當一種植物，比如一種豆類植物，被昆蟲攻擊時，就會發(fā)生這種情況。這種植物從被食用的葉子中發(fā)出少量的化學物質。這就像是一個警告，或一個求助電話：“我被攻擊了！”當另一種豆類植物發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點時，它就開始發(fā)出它自己的、不同的化學物質。其中一些化學物質會把昆蟲趕走。還有一些則會吸引昆蟲，比如黃蜂！黃蜂會殺死以豆類植物為食的昆蟲?？茖W家們希望更多地了解他的植物預警系統(tǒng)，這樣我們就可以用它來更好地種植作物。更令人驚訝的是，植物也會利用聲音來進行交流。人們聽不到這些聲音，但植物正在制造它們。有些植物的根會發(fā)出噪音。它們還會“傾聽”來自其他植物的噪音。一個辣椒植物可以判斷鄰近的植物是否是有用或者不友好的。有些樹在沒有水的時候發(fā)出咔噠聲。 最令人驚訝的是，植物有一個驚人的通訊系統(tǒng)，幾乎可以連接森林中的每一株植物。科學家們稱這個系統(tǒng)為“木材萬維網(wǎng)”。它在某些方面與我們使用的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)很相似。木寬腹網(wǎng)由真菌連接在地下。這種真菌網(wǎng)絡將不同植物的根相互連接起來。利用木材萬維網(wǎng)，植物可以相互分享信息，甚至是食物。但就像我們自己的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣，木萬維網(wǎng)也有它自己的問題。植物可以互相偷竊食物，或者攻擊其他植物。也許有一天，科學家們將學會如何創(chuàng)建一個“防火墻”來幫助防止這些攻擊。 科學家們每天都在更多地了解植物相互交談的秘密方式。誰知道？也許有一天，我們會對植物的交流有足夠的了解，以便能夠自己與它們“交談”。  （六）Jane was from a small village in South Africa. Her family was poor and noodles were their only food. Her parents couldn't a_____1_____ to pay the electricity bill, so she had to study by candle light.What was w_____2_____, to live on, her parents moved to a faraway village with other four children. As for Jane, she didn't want to give up learning and she d_____3_____ of entering a famous university. She stuck to living alone in her village.After Jane's parents left, she lived a difficult life. Having no place to live in, the homeless girl had to sleep on the back seat of the school bus. L_____4, Mrs. Brown, a school bus driver, learnt about Jane's situation and invited Jane to live with her family. Soon, Jane found a job in her school. She helped in the school kitchen from 6:00 am to 7: 40 am before the first school bell rang. She also swept floor and picked up rubbish in the afternoons. With the money she got from the work, she p_____5_____ for her education. And she stayed up late in the evenings studying for all kinds of exams day after day.Jane's hard work made a d_____6_____ to her life. She finished high school in Cape Town and was accepted by Harvard, one of the most famous universities in the world, with full scholarship(獎學金). The 18-year-old girl s_____7_____ the world．  答案：1.afford 2.worse 3.dreamed 4.Luckily5.paid 6.difference 7.surprised  譯文：簡來自南非的一個小村莊。她的家庭很窮，而面條是他們唯一的食物。她的父母付不起電費，所以她不得不靠燭光學習。 更糟糕的是，為了繼續(xù)生存，她的父母和其他四個孩子搬到了一個遙遠的村莊。至于簡，她不想放棄學習，她夢想著進入一所著名的大學。她堅持獨自住在村子里。簡的父母離開后，她過著艱難的生活。由于沒有住處，這個無家可歸的女孩不得不睡在校車的后座上。幸運的是，太太。布朗是一名校車司機，他了解了簡的情況，并邀請簡和家人住在一起。不久，簡在學校里找到了一份工作。早上6點到7點40分，她在學校廚房幫忙，直到學校的第一個鈴響了。她還在下午打掃地板和撿垃圾。她用從工作中得到的錢支付了教育費用。她在晚上熬夜，日復一日地學習各種考試。 簡的辛勤工作改變了她的生活。她在開普敦完成了高中學業(yè)，并被哈佛大學，世界上最著名的大學之一全額獎學金錄取。這個18歲的女孩出乎世界的意料。 

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