Mst musicians agree that the best vilins were first made in Italy. They were made in Cremna, Italy, abut 200 years ag. These vilins sund better than any thers. They even sund better than vilins made tday. Vilin makers and scientists try t make instruments like the ld Italian vilins. But they aren’t the same. Musicians still p_____1_____ the ld nes. N ne really knws why these ld Italian vilins are s special, but many peple think they have an answer.
Sme peple think it is the age f the vilins. They say that tday’s vilins will als sund wnderful smeday. But there is a prblem here. Nt all ld vilins sund wnderful. Only thse frm Cremna are special. S age cannt be the answer. There must be smething different abut Cremna r thse Italian vilin makers.
Other peple think the secret t thse vilins in the wd. The wd f the vilin is very imprtant. It m_____2_____ be frm certain kinds f trees. It must nt be t yung r t ld. Perhaps the vilin makers f Cremna knew smething special shut wd fr vilins.
But the kind f wd may nt be s imprtant. It may be mre imprtant t cut the wd in a special w_____3_____. Wd fr a vilin must be cut very carefully. It has t be the r_____4_____ size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sund f the vilin. Musicians smetimes think that this was the secret f the Italians. Maybe they understd mre than we d abut hw t cut the wd.
Size and shape may nt be the answer e_____5_____. Scientists measured these ld vilins very carefully. They can make new nes that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new vilins still d nt sund as gd as the ld ne. Sme scientists think the secret may be the varnish(清漆), which cvers the wd f the vilin and makes it lk shiny. It als h_____6_____ the sund f the instrument. N ne knws what the Italian vilin makers used in their varnish. S n ne can make the same varnish tday.
There may never be ther vilins like the vilins f Cremna. Their secret may be lst f_____7_____. Yung musicians tday hpe: this is nt true. They need fine vilins. But there aren’t very many f the ld vilins left. Als, the ld vilins are very expensive. Recently, a famus ld Italian vilin was sld fr abut US $300, 000!
答案：
1.prefer 2.must 3.way 4.right 5.either 6.helps 7.frever
譯文：
大多數(shù)音樂家都同意，最好的小提琴首先是在意大利制作的。它們是大約200年前在意大利的克雷莫納制造的。這些小提琴聽起來比其他任何小提琴都好。它們聽起來甚至比今天制作的小提琴更好。小提琴制造者和科學家試圖制造像老式意大利小提琴這樣的樂器。但他們不是原來的音樂家，仍然更喜歡老的。沒有人真正知道為什么這些古老的意大利小提琴如此特別，但很多人認為它們有答案。 有些人認為這是小提琴的時代。他們說，今天的小提琴有一天也會聽起來很棒。但這里有一個問題。并不是所有的舊小提琴聽起來都很美妙。只有那些來自克雷莫納的人才是特別的。所以年齡不能是答案?？死啄{和那些意大利的小提琴制造者一定有些不同。
其他人則認為樹林里那些小提琴的秘密。小提琴的木材是非常重要的。它一定是來自某些種類的樹。它決不能太年輕或太老。也許克雷莫納的小提琴制造者知道一些特殊的關(guān)于小提琴的聲音。
但木材的種類可能就不那么重要了。也許更重要的是以一種特殊的方式切割木材。小提琴的木材必須非常小心。它必須是正確的大小和形狀。最小的差別就會改變小提琴的聲音。音樂家們有時會認為這是意大利人的秘密。也許他們比我們更了解如何砍木頭。
大小和形狀可能也不是答案?？茖W家們非常仔細地測量了這些舊小提琴。他們可以制造出完全相同的大小和形狀的新產(chǎn)品。但是新發(fā)行的小提琴聽起來仍然不如舊發(fā)行的小提琴好。一些科學家認為，秘密可能是清漆，它覆蓋了小提琴的木頭，使它看起來有光澤。它也有助于發(fā)出樂器的聲音。沒有人知道意大利小提琴制造商在他們的清漆中使用了什么。所以今天沒有人能做出同樣的清漆。
可能從來沒有其他的小提琴，像克雷莫納的小提琴。他們的秘密可能會永遠消失。今天的年輕音樂家們希望：這不是真的。他們需要精致的小提琴。但是剩下的舊小提琴已經(jīng)不多了。而且，舊的小提琴非常貴。最近，一把著名的意大利舊小提琴以大約30萬美元的價格售出！
（二）
Cmmunicatin is imprtant fr strng family relatinships. Hwever, if yu dn’t truly listen t thers, it can be difficult t cmmunicate. Wrking n the fllwing listening s_____1_____ can help yu cmmunicate better.
Listening Actively
Fcus n the speaker’s wrds and nt what yu’ll say next. When listening t a family member, pay attentin t what’s being said. When talking t smene, pay attentin t the speaker and his thughts, yu can think f hw yu will reply later.
Make sure the speaker has finished talking befre yu talk. Instead f starting yur reply at nce, a cuple f s_____2_____ f silence is nt a bad thing.
Cmmunicating Effectively
Retell what has been said. Try t briefly cnclude what yu have heard when the speaker finishes. It will really s_____3_____ yu’re listening and allw yu and yur family t cmmunicate better.
Reflect(思考, 回顧) n what’s been said. After talking, reflect briefly n the subject. Try t wrk ut nt just what’s being said, but als why it is imprtant.
A_____4_____ that yu dn’t always have t slve smene’s prblems.
Aviding Negative H_____5_____
D nt cut in n thers. Interrupting(打斷) can break effective cnversatin. D nt start talking until the ther persn has finished.
Stp frm ffering advice. U_____6_____ yu are asked, d nt ffer advice. Offering advice can make it seem like yu’re nt really listening but t hear what yu want.
D nt change the subject early. Never change the subject befre the speaker has gt their wrds ut, even if a subject makes yu bred.
Avid hurrying the speaker. N_____7_____ say wrds like, “Can yu get t the pint?” This will make it seem like yu’re nt interested in the cnversatin.
答案：
1.skills 2.secnds 3.shw 4.Accept 5.Habits 6.Unless 7.Never
譯文：
溝通對于牢固的家庭關(guān)系很重要。然而，如果你不真正傾聽別人的意見，就可能很難溝通。學習以下的傾聽技巧可以幫助你更好地溝通。
積極傾聽
專注于說話者的話，而不是你接下來要說什么。當聽家人的話時，注意要說什么。當你和某人交談時，注意說話者和他的想法，你可以想到你以后會如何回答。
說話前確保說話者已經(jīng)講完了。幾秒鐘的沉默不是一件壞事，而是馬上開始回復。
有效溝通
重述別人所說的。試著在演講者結(jié)束時簡要地總結(jié)一下你所聽到的內(nèi)容。它將真正顯示你在傾聽，并讓你和你的家人更好地交流。
反思一下所說的話。談完之后，簡單地思考一下這個問題。不僅要弄清楚他們說了什么，還要弄清楚為什么這很重要。
接受你并不總是需要解決某人的問題。
避免負性習慣
不要干涉別人。中斷可以破壞有效的對話。在對方結(jié)束之前不要開始說話。 停止提供建議。除非有人問你，否則不要提供建議。提供建議可以讓你看起來不是在傾聽，而是聽到你想要什么。
不要盡早改變主題。在演講者開口說話之前，永遠不要改變主題，即使一個主題會讓你感到無聊。
避免催促說話的人。永遠不要說這樣的話：“你能說到重點嗎？”這會讓你覺得你對對話不感興趣。
（三）
Lve n the Phne Line
Mst f us want t knw what we mean t thse wh mean everything t us, but hw d we knw if we dn’t tell each ther? I want t s_____1_____ an experience f mine t tell yu when yu really lve smene, tell them directly.
When I was grwing up, I never heard the wrds “I lve yu” frm my father. If yur father never says them t yu when yu are a child, it gets mre and mre difficult fr him t say thse wrds as yu get _____2_____ In fact, I never said thse wrds t him, either.
A few years ag, I decided t make the first mve. After sme thught, I called my father n the phne and said: "Dad, I lve yu!" There was a mment f s_____3_____ at the ther end f the line. “Well, same back at yu!" he replied quietly.
“Dad, I knw yu lve me. When yu’re ready, yu’ll say it, t_____4_____,” I said with a smile. Then I hang up the phne. But fifteen minutes later, my mther called and asked if everything was “OK”，She seemed n_____5_____. “Yur father seems t have smething t say after answering yur call”. I didn’t tell my mther abut the call. I just tld her it was a s_____6_____ between us.
A few weeks later, Dad called and ended ur phne cnversatin with the wrds: “Sn, I lve yu,” I was at wrk during this cnversatin and tears came t my eyes as I finally “heard” the lve. This special mment tk ur father-sn relatinship t a new level. L_____7_____, we gt used t saying “I lve yu” t each ther.
I think if I had nt taken the first step, I wuld have never heard the lve frm my father.
答案：
1.share 2.lder 3.silence 4.t 5.nervus 6.secret 7.Later
譯文：
電話線上的愛
我們大多數(shù)人都想知道我們對那些對我們都重要的人意味著什么，但我們怎么知道如果我們不告訴對方呢？我想分享我的經(jīng)歷，告訴你什么時候你真的愛一個人，直接告訴他們。
在我成長的過程中，我從來沒有聽過我父親說的“我愛你”。如果你的父親在你小時候的時候從來沒有對你說過，隨著你年齡的增長，他說這些話會越來越困難。事實上，我也從來沒有對他說過這些話。
幾年前，我決定邁出第一步。想了一會兒，我給父親打了電話說：“爸爸，愛你！”在隊伍的另一端，人們沉默了片刻?！昂冒?，你也一樣吧！”他平靜地回答道。
“爸爸，我知道你愛我。等你準備好了，你也會說的?！蔽椅⑿χf。然后我掛斷了電話。但15分鐘后，媽媽打電話問一切是否“好”，她似乎很緊張?！澳愀赣H接完你的電話后，似乎有話要說?！蔽覜]有告訴我媽媽這個電話。我只是告訴她這是我們之間的秘密。
幾周后，爸爸打電話給我們，結(jié)束了我們的電話交談，他說：“兒子，我愛你?！蔽艺诠ぷ?，當我終于“聽到”了愛時，我流滿了眼淚。這個特殊的時刻把我們的父子關(guān)系提升到了一個新的水平。后來，我們習慣了互相說“我愛你”。
我想，如果我沒有邁出第一步，我就永遠不會聽到我父親的愛。
（四）
Tw new studies suggest that mdern running shes culd increase the risk f injuries(損傷) t runners.
One study invlved sixty-eight healthy yung wmen and men wh ran at least twenty-fur kilmeters a week. The runners were watched n a running machine. Smetimes they wre running shes. Other times they ran bareft(赤腳).
Researchers frm the University f Virginia and the University f Clrad did the study. They fund that running shes create m_____1_____ stress that culd hurt knees, hips and ankle jints than running bareft. They watched that the effect was even greater than the effect reprted earlier fr walking in high heels(高跟鞋). The study appeared in an fficial scientific magazine.
The ther study a_____2_____ in the jurnal Nature. It cmpared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were frm Harvard University, Mi University in Kenya and the University f Glasgw. They divided the runners int three grups. One grup had always run sheless. Anther grup had always run with shes. And the third grup had changed t sheless running.
Runners wh wear shes u_____3_____ cme dwn heel first. That puts great frce n the back f the ft. But the study fund that bareft runners generally land n the frnt r middle f their ft. That way they feel relaxed when landing and a_____4_____ hitting their heel hard.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way mst running shes are designed may explain why thse wh wear them land n their heels. The heel f the she is bigger and heavier than ther parts f the she, s it wuld seem mre l_____5_____ t cme dwn first. Als, the heel generally has thick material under it t sften landings.
But the researchers d nt suggest that runners i_____6_____ start running bareft. They say it takes sme training. And there can be risks, like running when yur feet are t cld t feel if yu get injured.
The study was partly supprted by Vibram, which makes a kind f ftwear that it says is like running bareft. The findings have gtten a lt f attentin. But the researchers say there are many p_____7_____. S they have tried t explain their findings n a Harvard Website.
答案：
1.mre 2.appeared 3.usually 4.avid 5.likely 6.immediately 7.prblems
譯文：
兩項新的研究表明，現(xiàn)代跑鞋可能會增加跑步者受傷的風險。
一項研究涉及68名健康的年輕女性和男性，他們每周至少跑24公里。跑步者在一臺跑步機器上被觀看。有時他們會穿跑鞋。其他時候，他們會赤腳跑步。
來自弗吉尼亞大學和科羅拉多大學的研究人員進行了這項研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，跑鞋比赤腳跑步造成的壓力更大，可能會傷害膝蓋、臀部和踝關(guān)節(jié)。他們觀察到，其效果甚至比之前報道的穿高跟鞋走路的效果更大。這項研究發(fā)表在一本官方的科學雜志上。
另一項研究發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上。它比較了美國和肯尼亞的跑步者。這些研究人員來自哈佛大學、肯尼亞的莫伊大學和格拉斯哥大學。他們把跑步者分成三組。有一群人總是沒鞋跑。另一組人總是穿著鞋跑。第三組已經(jīng)變成了無鞋跑步。
穿鞋的跑步者通常會先腳后跟著地。這對他的腳的背部施加很大的力量。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，赤腳跑步者通常會降落在腳的前部或中部。這樣，它們在著陸時感到放松，避免撞到腳跟。
哈佛大學的丹尼爾·利伯曼領(lǐng)導了這項研究。他說，大多數(shù)跑鞋的設計方式或許可以解釋為什么那些穿它們的人會腳后跟著地。鞋的鞋跟比鞋的其他部分更大更重，所以看起來更有可能先下來。此外，鞋跟通常有厚的材料，以軟化著陸。
但研究人員并不建議跑步者立即開始赤腳跑步。他們說這需要一些訓練。也有風險，比如當你的腳太冷而感覺不到受傷時跑步。
這項研究部分得到了Vibram的支持，該公司生產(chǎn)一種像赤腳跑步的鞋。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了很多關(guān)注。但研究人員表示，目前存在很多問題。所以他們試圖在哈佛大學的一個網(wǎng)站上解釋他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。
（五）
Peple can reduce, reuse, r recycle waste instead f thrwing it away. Matt and Sam decided t d an experiment. They wanted t see e_____1_____ hw much waste the three R's culd save.
First, they cllected the rubbish frm six classrms at their schl. They d_____2_____ the rubbish int three grups:
things that were reusable, such as a pencil r a marker that had been thrwn away
things that culd be recycled, such as cans, glass, r paper
things that were t_____3_____ waste
Then, Matt and Sam weighed each f the three grups. They learned that 84% f the ttal rubbish thrwn away that day culd be recycled r reused. They decided t d smething abut it.
Matt and Sam presented the idea f starting a recycling prgramme t the schl leaders. Then they wrked with the Student Cuncil. They p_____4_____ brchures t send hme t tell the students and their families abut recycling. They stated in the brchure that recycling helps t k_____5_____ ur planet healthy. The schl bught clred cntainers fr each classrm. Each rm received a blue cntainer fr paper and a green cntainer fr glass and cans. They als received a red cntainer fr real rubbish.
Within a shrt time, each classrm in the schl was srting recyclable materials frm rubbish befre it was thrwn. Matt and Sam decided t weigh the rubbish ne mre time. They wanted t check the schl's p_____6_____. They cllected the rubbish frm the red cntainers frm the same six classrms as befre. They srted the rubbish int three grups again and weighed each grup. This time, they were pleased t find that the red cntainers were filled with 90% waste that shuld be thrwn away. Only 10% f recyclable materials had been thrwn int the red cntainers. Matt and Sam were pleased with their schl's e_____7_____ at reducing waste n ur planet.
答案：
1.exactly 2.divided 3.truly 4.prepared 5.keep 6.prgress 7.effrt
譯文：
人們可以減少、再利用或回收廢物，而不是扔掉它。馬特和山姆決定做個實驗。他們想看看這三個R到底能節(jié)省多少浪費。
首先，他們從學校的六個教室里收集垃圾。他們把這些垃圾分成了三組：
可重復使用的東西，比如鉛筆或被扔掉的記號筆
可以回收的東西，如罐子、玻璃或紙
那些真正被浪費掉的東西
然后，馬特和山姆分別稱量了這三組人的體重。他們了解到，當天扔掉的垃圾中有84%可以回收或重復利用。他們決定為此做點什么。
馬特和山姆向?qū)W校領(lǐng)導提出了啟動回收計劃的想法。然后他們與學生會合作。他們準備了小冊子，送回家告訴學生和他們的家人回收利用。他們在小冊子上指出，回收利用有助于保持我們的地球健康。學校為每個教室購買了彩色的容器。每個房間都有一個藍色的容器裝紙，還有一個綠色的容器裝玻璃和罐子。他們還收到了一個存放真正垃圾的紅色容器。
在很短的時間內(nèi)，學校的每個教室都在從垃圾中分類可回收的材料。馬特和山姆決定再稱一次垃圾。他們想檢查一下學校的進步。他們和以前一樣，從同一個六間教室的紅色容器里收集垃圾。他們又把垃圾分成三組，每組稱重。這一次，他們很高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，紅色的容器里裝滿了90%的垃圾，應該被扔掉。只有10%的可回收材料被扔進了紅色的容器里。馬特和山姆對他們的學校為減少我們星球上的浪費的努力感到高興。
（六）
One f the mst imprtant life skills is self-discipline(自律). It helps us d_____1_____ healthy lifestyle habits.
Everyne feels gd when they knw that they are ding gd things. Prbably ne f the biggest p_____2_____ with self-discipline is the wrd "discipline". Discipline really des nt have t be painful r difficult. Yu can start by taking small actins and nly ne at a time u_____3_____ it becmes smething that really makes yu feel gd when yu are ding it. Let us say that yu want t lse a little weight r get in better shape. Yu d nt have t sign up at the gym and begin a 5-day a week prgram. What abut walking arund yur cmmunity nce a day fr a week, and then increasing it t tw times a day fr tw weeks?
It really starts with finding yur mtivatin(動力). Why d yu want t lse weight r get in shape? Is that reasn s_____4_____ enugh? We need t remember that we have chices and ne f them is t say “n” t the things that will take ur attentin away frm cmpleting things t make ur life happier and healthier. We have the pwer t say “yes” t right things, n matter hw small, each day, t head us in the directin f ur gals.
We all knw that when peple make a plan with small, simple steps t get t the g_____5_____ they have, they are mre likely t reach them. Yu need t listen t yur heart and knw what e_____6_____ yu want t put int it as yu mve twards living a better life.
Yu dn't need t make this hard. Just d smething t head yurself in the right directin tday and then d it again tmrrw and every day after that! R_____7_____, a baby step is better than n step at all.
答案：
1.develp 2.prblems 3.until 4.strng 5.gals 6.effrt 7.Remember
譯文：
其中最重要的生活技能之一是自律。它能幫助我們養(yǎng)成健康的生活習慣。
當每個人都知道自己在做好事時，他們都感覺很好?？赡茏月勺畲蟮膯栴}之一是“紀律”這個詞。紀律真的不一定是痛苦的或困難的。你可以從采取一些小的行動開始，一次只采取一個行動，直到它成為一件真正讓你感覺良好的事情。讓我們說你想減肥或者保持更好的身材。你不需要在健身房注冊，然后開始每周5天的課程。一周每天在社區(qū)里散步一次，然后連續(xù)兩周增加到每天兩次，怎么樣？
它真的從尋找你的動機開始。你為什么想減肥或保持身材？這個理由已經(jīng)足夠有力了嗎？我們需要記住，我們有選擇，其中之一就是對那些把我們的注意力從完成事情上轉(zhuǎn)移開，讓我們的生活更快樂、更健康。我們有能力對正確的事情說“是的”，無論每天有多么小，都能引導我們朝著目標的方向前進。
我們都知道，當人們用簡單的步驟制定計劃來實現(xiàn)他們的目標時，他們更有可能達到目標。你需要傾聽你的心，知道當你在走向更好的生活時，你想要付出什么努力。
你不需要讓這很難。今天做一些事情，讓自己朝著正確的方向前進，然后明天和之后每天再做一次！記住，一小步總比沒有一步好。

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