?押全國卷（乙卷）第32—35題
閱讀理解D篇說明文或議論文

高考英語閱讀能力考查要點
一．略 讀
在閱讀考試中，考生不可能把每一篇文章都讀懂，另外也不要求考生讀懂文章每個信息點。所以，略讀或跳讀一些內(nèi)容是很有必要的。下面具體講解高考英語閱讀可以采用的略讀或跳讀的原則和技巧。
(一)“舉例”處
試題中，題目一般不會考查例子的具體內(nèi)容。如果要對例子進(jìn)行考查的話，也是考查例子的功能，因此沒有必要看舉例的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。如果擔(dān)心會考查例子，考生可以采取保守做法；非段首句或段尾句的舉例部分可以略讀或跳讀。
[典例]　[2020·浙江7月高考閱讀C]It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit. Then points out. A waiter's job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision－making could be just as stimulating as any high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high－level planning and coordinating (協(xié)調(diào))，” she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
分析：節(jié)選段中for example后面具體的內(nèi)容沒有必要讀，可以跳讀，如果不放心就快速略讀一下，了解大概內(nèi)容。從邏輯關(guān)系可以知道，for example這句話是舉例證明上面一句話的。邏輯關(guān)系如下：

(二)“讓步”處
在英語表達(dá)方式中，有讓步一定有轉(zhuǎn)折，兩者中作者強調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)折。所以，在Although/Though A ... B, While A．..B, Despite A．..B 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，作者強調(diào)的是B?？忌梢栽陂喿x時，簡單略讀讓步的內(nèi)容，重點閱讀轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容。
[典例]　[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀D]Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being.
分析：第一句Although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中包含一個介詞短語， 并且整個句子又比較長， 短短時間內(nèi)理解整個句子比較困難， 所以如果知道本句不強調(diào)although部分的話， 就可以直奔主句提取有效信息， 同時也避免浪費大量寶貴時間。
(三)“插入語”處
高考英語閱讀中經(jīng)常會使用一些插入語成分，一方面是為了更加完整和準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)觀點；另一方面會使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜，增加了閱讀理解的難度。插入語成分是一種補充說明性的內(nèi)容，在整個句子中的作用并不是主要的。一般來說，插入語成分越長越不重要，插入語成分越短越重要。
[典例]　[2020·浙江7月高考閱讀C]Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons－including other environmental influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
分析：閱讀插入語成分，一方面會增加信息處理的壓力；另一方面可能會遇到一些生僻的詞匯。節(jié)選段中破折號之后的插入語成分較長，所以在本句中是不重要的，可以采用跳讀的方式閱讀。
(四)“冒號”處
高考英語閱讀中常會出現(xiàn)一些冒號，以更加詳細(xì)地解釋冒號前面的內(nèi)容。針對冒號，建議考生按照以下方式處理：冒號后面的老觀點和非總結(jié)性內(nèi)容可以略讀或跳讀；冒號后面的新觀點和正評價重點閱讀。
[典例]　[2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀B]Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
分析：本段有兩個冒號，第一個冒號后的內(nèi)容較少，不影響閱讀時間；第二個冒號后的內(nèi)容較長，是對冒號前的內(nèi)容的解釋，完全可以略讀或跳讀。
二．定 位 閱 讀
閱讀理解的題目能否答對與題目有效解題信息的定位關(guān)系十分密切，可以說定位準(zhǔn)確是有效精讀和答對題目的關(guān)鍵一步。所以，下面將詳細(xì)講解信息定位的方法。
(一)按照題目的先后順序大致定位到段落
高考英語閱讀理解的題目(非主旨大意題)和文章一般存在著先后一一對應(yīng)的順序，即前面題目的正確答案的信息通常在前面的段落，后面題目的正確答案的信息通常在后面的段落。
(二)精確定位到句子
在定位到具體某一段之后，考生可以在本段當(dāng)中尋找題目精確定位的句子。這些句子從位置上來說經(jīng)常是段首句和段尾句，從句子特征上來說經(jīng)常是三強的句子(強轉(zhuǎn)折、強對比和強因果)、正負(fù)評價的句子、同位語從句和長難復(fù)雜句。圖示如下：

(三)在文中多次出現(xiàn)
如果題干關(guān)鍵詞在文中多次出現(xiàn)，一般定位到文章中首次出現(xiàn)的考點句(段首句、段尾句、三強句子、正負(fù)評價句子、同位語從句或長難復(fù)雜句)。
(四)與主題有關(guān)
如果題干與文章主題有關(guān)，通常定位到文章的主題句，主題句根據(jù)文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)類型進(jìn)行判斷，可以參考下圖：

(五)題干限定性成分
如果題干中出現(xiàn)分詞、定語從句等限定成分，則可以根據(jù)限定修飾成分縮小題目的定位范圍，提高定位的準(zhǔn)確性。
[典例]　[2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀A]Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
21．What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A．Comfort.　 B．Security.
C．Price. D．Location.
分析：題干中含有定語從句who choose to stay in a hostel，故可以根據(jù)這個限定成分縮小定位范圍：Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). 游客去羅馬旅行時選擇住在旅社主要是出于價格方面的考慮。由此可知選C。

“主旨大意”題型破解
1 尋找主題句確定文章大意
解題指導(dǎo)　文章由段落組成，段落的中心思想服務(wù)于文章的中心思想，因此找到每個段落的主題句，總結(jié)概括后便不難得出文章的主旨大意。一般情況下，段落的主題句通常在該邏輯段落的首尾，但也有些難度較大的試題會隱含在段落之中，此時要理解全文結(jié)構(gòu)，找到支撐性細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。考生速讀文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主題線索及信息便可快速找到主題句，以下為找到主題句的5個小竅門：1.段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)時，其后的句子通常為主題句；2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該句的回答很可能就是主題句；3.作者有意識地反復(fù)強調(diào)的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞(主旨句通常包含關(guān)鍵詞)；4.首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時，例子或假設(shè)后的內(nèi)容通常為主題句；5.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等詞。
[典例]　(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·C篇)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self－reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
解析　A　第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分別是第一段和第五段的主題句，結(jié)合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般與主旨相關(guān))，由此可知，本文主要說了獨自用餐已經(jīng)逐漸成為一種趨勢，故答案為A。
2 通過結(jié)構(gòu)或暗示概括段落大意
解題指導(dǎo)　1.根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)概括段落大意：要準(zhǔn)確概括段落大意，務(wù)必知道該段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。如該段為總分順序組織，則主題句在段首；如該段為分總順序組織，則主題句在段尾；如該段為分總分順序組織，則主題句在段中；如該段對比各事物，則其異同點即為該段大意。2.通過暗示揣摩段落大意：有時，作者不直接寫出主題句，而是通過情感態(tài)度等方法暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題，此時要根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實和線索綜合判斷去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
[典例]　(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·D篇)
During the rosy years of elementary school (小學(xué)), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well－explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays－well－with－others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump－start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
...
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The classification of the popular.
B．The characteristics of adolescents.
C．The importance of interpersonal skills.
D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.
解析　A　根據(jù)第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位臨床心理學(xué)教授將受歡迎的人分為兩類，第三句和第四句分別用“The likables' ... ”和“Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence ...”引出后文內(nèi)容，恰恰就是介紹了受歡迎的兩類人：討人喜歡型和追求地位型。同時本段第二句中的關(guān)鍵詞sort ... into ... (把……分成……)與A項中的classification相呼應(yīng)，所以A項可以概括本段大意。
3 三大方法定標(biāo)題
解題指導(dǎo)　1.最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)具備以下三大特征：①概括精準(zhǔn)而簡潔；②針對性強，標(biāo)題外延與文章內(nèi)容恰好相符；③醒目，能引發(fā)讀者閱讀欲望。2.三大方法：①正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，揣摩哪個選項能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；②方面否定法：撇開原文，設(shè)想各選項寫出來應(yīng)是什么樣的文章，然后和原文比對，逐一排除不符項；③研讀備選項：認(rèn)真研讀備選項里的中心詞、結(jié)構(gòu)、概括性、修飾詞的變化，查看與中心思想是否相符。
[典例]　(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·D篇)
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school class-rooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解決方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影響) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts
B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier
C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
D．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform
解析　B　本文主要介紹了一個項目：把高中的教室教學(xué)與太空的研究聯(lián)系起來，使學(xué)生們得到NASA工程師們的指導(dǎo)。因此在選標(biāo)題時既要有太空，還要有學(xué)生，分析選項可知，只有B能將其完美地結(jié)合起來，故答案選B。
“詞義猜測”題型破解
1 語境分析猜詞義
解題指導(dǎo)　詞義猜測常用的五種方法：1.基本構(gòu)詞法：根據(jù)前后綴、合成及詞性轉(zhuǎn)換去猜測詞義；2.同義或定義解釋法：上下文中以某種方式對其進(jìn)行解釋，如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等詞語進(jìn)行解釋，或利用破折號、同位語(從句)、定語從句等進(jìn)行解釋；3.前后對比法：上下文中往往對生詞提供一定的對比背景，且常以反義或?qū)φ盏姆绞匠霈F(xiàn)，以此可推測出生詞的含義；4.因果推斷法：結(jié)合上下文的因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測；5.語境理解法：要準(zhǔn)確猜測出生詞的含義大多需要根據(jù)上下文語境去分析和推斷。
[典例]　(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·B篇) ...
But he's nervous. “I'm here to tell you today why you should ... should ...” Chris trips on the “－ld”， a pronunciation difficulty for many non－native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “... Vote for ... me ...”Except for some stumbles,_Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
...
25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners.
C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.
解析　A　根據(jù)第二段中的“you should ... should ...”以及“... Vote for ... me ...”這樣的語句特點可知，Chris的演講不流暢，也就是說有不適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD。這是他表現(xiàn)不好的地方，與畫線詞后的句意“他完成得非常好”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，與短語except for的語意相呼應(yīng)。故選A。
2 就近原則猜指代
解題指導(dǎo)　猜測代替詞的指代內(nèi)容，要求考生判斷代詞(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助動詞(do, does, did等)具體替代什么?？砂匆韵氯竭M(jìn)行：返回原文，找到指代詞→向上(有時向下)搜索，找最近的名詞、代詞、短語或句子→將找到的詞、詞組或句子代入替代該指代詞，看意思和邏輯關(guān)系是否通順，從而確定最佳選項。
[典例]　 (2017·全國卷Ⅰ·C篇) ...
Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
解析　C　根據(jù)上一段中的“the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”可知，爵士樂不怎么受現(xiàn)在年輕人的喜愛，所以that指代上文提到的這種狀況，故選C項。
3 意義吻合猜句意
解題指導(dǎo)　句意猜測要求考生通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進(jìn)行解釋性的描述?？忌⒁庖韵聝牲c： 1.返回原文，找到該句，對原句進(jìn)行語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析。對于需要猜測句意的情形，首先要理解句子的前后特定語境，然后根據(jù)語境對此句在文中的意思進(jìn)行有依據(jù)的推理，最后再進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，得出答案；2.一般來說，正確選項的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不過是用其他的詞匯或句式來進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)而已。
[典例]　(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·B篇)
“You can use me as a last resort (選擇), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse (長曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
...
25．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Encourage teamwork.
B．Appeal to feelings.
C．Promote good deeds.
D．Provide advice.
解析　B　根據(jù)畫線短語前一句可知，這位家長可能需要一點點勸說。隨后作者對這位家長進(jìn)行了舉例勸說：一位有四個孩子的單親母親在主持這次活動，一位孩子不在此隊的父親擔(dān)任長曲棍球隊的教練。這些例子都是為了動之以情，吸引這位家長來做志愿工作，故答案為B。

Passage 1（2021 ?全國乙卷?第32—35題）
（2021年全國高考乙卷英語試題） During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干擾）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分貝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.
34．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】
32．A33．C34．D35．D
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。作者通過自身經(jīng)歷講述人們?yōu)槭裁床幌矚g開放性辦公室以及有關(guān)多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的研究。
32．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（這就是為什么我在街對面的公用辦公空間有會員資格——這樣我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采訪者喜歡共享辦公空間的原因是那里可以幫助他集中精力。故選A項。
33．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多數(shù)組之間的差異在統(tǒng)計學(xué)上是不顯著的；然而，音量為70分貝的那組參與者（置身于類似于咖啡店背景噪音的環(huán)境中）的表現(xiàn)明顯好于其他組。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分貝的結(jié)果很顯著，該研究還表明，適當(dāng)?shù)谋尘霸胍簟灰舐暎膊灰耆察o——實際上可能會提高一個人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力。）”可知，70分貝的那組參與者表現(xiàn)好于其他組，所以70分貝的噪音背景環(huán)境更有可能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C項。
34．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，為什么我們中有那么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當(dāng)我們試圖集中注意力時，我們無法阻止自己卷入別人的談話中。的確，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，面對面的互動和對話會影響創(chuàng)作過程，然而，共同工作空間或咖啡館在提供一定程度的噪音的同時，也提供不受干擾的自由。）”可知，開放式辦公室不受人們歡迎的原因是讓我們不斷地卷入別人的談話中，受到很多干擾。故選D 項。
35．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采訪我的一本書時，我的采訪者說了一些我至今還經(jīng)常想起的話。）”可知，作者提到有人采訪自己的書，所以可以推斷，作者是一位作家。故選D項。
Passage 2（2020 ?全國Ⅰ卷?第32—35題）
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(發(fā)光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(電源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(傳輸).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
33．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
34．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
35．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】
32．D 33．A 34．C 35．C
【分析】
32．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚斯敦進(jìn)行的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時，他們的工作效率會提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。
33．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選A。
34．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。
35．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知照明約占美國總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
Passage 3（2020 ?全國Ⅲ卷?第32—35題）
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突變) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C．Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B．New knowledge of human evolution.
C．Recent findings of human origin. D．Significance of food selection.
33．Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A．In valleys. B．Near rivers. C．On the beach. D．Off the coast.
34．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day. B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater. D．They lived on both land and water.
35．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B．Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research D．The World’s Best Divers
【答案】
32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。最近一項對人類基因的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的進(jìn)化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，而且最近幾千年也有。Bajau人因為靠海為生，他們的身體已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成更能適應(yīng)海洋生活。
32．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是數(shù)十億年前的產(chǎn)物。當(dāng)科學(xué)家更深入的研究我們的基因時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過去幾千年進(jìn)化的例子)可知，作者列舉第一段的例子是為了告訴我們關(guān)于人類進(jìn)化的一個新信息，那就是人類在最近幾千年也在進(jìn)化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人類進(jìn)化的新知識)符合以上說法，故選B項。
33．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(這些人被稱為Bajau，在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬人。他們一直住在船屋上；最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上說法，故選D項。
34．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我們很驚訝，他們在水下待的時間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長的多)可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時間。C. They could stay long underwater. (他們能在水下待很長時間)符合以上說法，故選C項。
35．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《細(xì)胞》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇文章中，一群研究人員報道了一種新的適應(yīng)——不是空氣也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要講述了一種新的進(jìn)化，即長期生活在海邊，靠海為生的生活方式，讓Bajau人的身體進(jìn)化成更適應(yīng)海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身體為適應(yīng)海洋生活而重塑)可以作為本文標(biāo)題，故選A項。
Passage 4（2019 ?全國Ⅲ卷?第24—27題）
語篇出處：2019年全國卷Ⅲ·B篇　語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：中國時尚
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It's no secret that China has always been a source (來源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (時尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美學(xué)) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？
A.It promoted the sales of artworks.
B.It attracted a large number of visitors.
C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women？
A.They are setting the fashion.
B.They start many fashion campaigns.
C.They admire super models.
D.They do business all over the world.
3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.learning from B．looking down on
C.working with D．competing against
4.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
解題步驟及詳解答案
一、讀題，理解大意
二、找準(zhǔn)題干，抓關(guān)鍵點,仔細(xì)研讀。
題1：題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“about the exhibition in New York”，定位于文中第三段。第三段最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”在紐約的時尚展覽出席率創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄，顯示出人們對中國的影響有著巨大的興趣。由此可判斷，此次展覽吸引了大量的參觀者。選B。
三，仔細(xì)分析，準(zhǔn)確推斷
題2：定位到第四段，由關(guān)鍵詞“Chinese models ..., which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”可知，中國婦女不僅僅是時尚的消費者，她們也是時尚運動的核心。由此可知，中國婦女正在開創(chuàng)新風(fēng)尚。選A。
四、聯(lián)合語境，猜測詞義
題3：根據(jù)第四段中的“... and beating them hands down in design and sales”可知，在設(shè)計上和銷售上打敗了他們。由此可以推知，該短語的意思是“與……競爭”。選D。
無、結(jié)合首尾句，推測含義
題4：文章第一段提到“對于西方設(shè)計師來說，中國及其豐富的文化一直是西方創(chuàng)意的靈感源泉?！弊詈笠欢翁岬健皩τ贖ill來說，在談?wù)摃r尚時，我們不可能不談?wù)撝袊念I(lǐng)先地位。”由此可以推測，本文標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“中國文化催生國際時尚潮流”。選D。

A
[2021·濟(jì)南市高三統(tǒng)一考試]The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd. When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine-year-old war refugee, who had lost the mother and was coming to live with the father I did not know.
I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High School. Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours”. The__idea__of__hobbies__and__clubs__made__no__sense__to__my__immigrant__ears,__but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class. She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tough woman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had no patience with lazy bones. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stories for us to read and discuss, and eventually taught us how to put out a newspaper. Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins. Her efforts inspired me to understand the logic and structure of the English language. Owing to her inspiration, during my next twenty-five years, I became a journalist by profession.
Miss Hurd retired at the age of 62. By then, she had taught for a total of 41 years. Even after her retirement, she continually made a project of unwilling students in whom she spied a spark of potential. The students were mainly from the most troubled homes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her own special brand of tough love, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the one who directed my grief and pain into writing. But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become a reporter. She was the one who sent me into journalism and indirectly caused all the good things that came after.
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author.
B．The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs.
C．Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author.
D．The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were about.
6．Which of the following caused the author to think of his homeland differently?
A．Stepping on the American soil for the first time.
B．Being exposed to Greek literary works.
C．His mother's death.
D．Following the prettiest girl in his class.
7．It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ________．
A．Miss Hurd employed a unique way to handle these students
B．Miss Hurd's contribution was recognized across the nation
C．students from troubled homes preferred Miss Hurd's teaching style
D．the students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．How the author became a journalist.
B．The importance of inspiration in one's life.
C．The teacher who shaped the author's life.
D．Factors contributing to a successful career.
B
[2021·臨沂市、棗莊市模擬]Middle school is challenging for so many reasons — academic subjects become more difficult, schedules fill up with activities, and, in what might be the most challenging area for kids and parents alike, friendships change. Friendships change over time, not just because our children evolve, but because the very nature of friendship evolves with them. The best parents should learn to let go so that their children can succeed in their tween friendships.
Early in childhood, our children's friendships arise out of closeness and habit. We throw our kids into the sandbox with our friends' kids, and this arrangement works for everyone. As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity. Their shared interests, dreams, and goals begin to edge out mere convenience. When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex. And for good reason. Tweens use friendships as a way to try on an identity. They begin to build friendships based on new priorities.
All too often, the__shifting__sands__of__tween__friendship result in broken hearts. Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones. As any parent knows, our own personal heartache hurts, but the secondhand heartbreak we experience through our children is much more painful, mainly because it's out of control. The urge to meddle (干涉), to save and heal, is powerful, and while meddling around in tween social contact may make us feel better, we must stay out of it.
Tweens move from one relationship to another, adopting this detail of a friend's personality, abandoning that characteristic of another, until they have collected the essential elements of their identity. Some relationships will survive this process, and some will not, but everyone is an important phase of the journey. We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it's our job to be there when they emerge from the dressing room, when they do a little twirl (轉(zhuǎn)圈) and wait for us to tell them how grown-up they have become.
9．What's the main idea of the second paragraph?
A．Friendship becomes complex in every period of time.
B．Reasons for friendship building vary in different phases.
C．Tweens begin to build friendships based on the new priorities.
D．Important elements of friendship are needed in children's life.
10．What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Friendships are out of control.
B．Tweens feel abandoned and betrayed.
C．Friends move to exciting new relationships.
D．Friendships change from one to another among tweens.
11．What should parents do when tweens feel pain about their social contact?
A．They should blame them.
B．They should help to bring their children under control.
C．They should be there and support them.
D．They should meddle around in tween social contact.
12．Which is the best title of the passage?
A．Change of relationships among tweens
B．Parenting in friendships among tweens
C．How to build friendships among tweens
D．The nature of friendships among tweens
A
語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與自我——個人經(jīng)歷——影響作者人生的老師。
【文章大意】　作者的老師Marjorie Hurd對他的人生道路產(chǎn)生了重要影響。作者通過她了解了希臘文學(xué)這一寶貴財富，使得自己對飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的祖國刮目相看；也通過她了解了英語的邏輯與結(jié)構(gòu)；同時也是多虧了她的鼓勵，作者在接下來的二十五年里成了一名專業(yè)的記者。
5．答案與解析：D　考查理解句子的能力。根據(jù)畫線部分后的“but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class”這一意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折可推知，作者對那些興趣小組和俱樂部并不了解，因此就跟隨班里最漂亮的那個女生的選擇，故D項正確。
6．答案與解析：B　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Her introduction to the literary wealth of Greece gave me a new perspective on my war-torn homeland, making me proud of my origins”可知，Hurd老師對希臘文學(xué)這一財富的介紹讓作者對自己飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的祖國有了新的認(rèn)識，并為它感到自豪，故B項正確。
7．答案與解析：A　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的“The students were...until the spark caught fire”可知，Hurd老師用她獨特的嚴(yán)厲的愛來“嚇”和“吸引住”他們，直到他們“潛質(zhì)的火花”成為“火”，故可推知A項正確。
8．答案與解析：C　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第一句“The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd”和最后一段中的“But for Miss Hurd, I wouldn't have become a reporter”可知，本文主要介紹了一位對作者的人生影響深遠(yuǎn)的老師。
B
【文章大意】　本文是一篇議論文。中學(xué)階段是一個充滿挑戰(zhàn)的時期，但是對父母和少年來說，最大的挑戰(zhàn)來自友誼的變化。少年易因友誼的變化而受傷害，在這種情況下，父母扮演著重要的角色，文中給出了父母應(yīng)該如何做的建議。
9．答案與解析：B　考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段的“Early in childhood, our children's friendships arise out of closeness and habit” “As kids get older, however, they begin to build emotional connections with friends based on similarity” “When they become tweens, friendships become much more complex”可知，本段主要講了在不同的年齡階段，建立友誼的原因是不同的。
10．答案與解析：D　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段的“We throw our kids into the sandbox with our friends' kids, and this arrangement works for everyone”和第三段的“as friends move back and forth between comfortable old relationships and exciting new ones”可知，sands在此代指朋友，畫線部分表示少年時期朋友的轉(zhuǎn)變，即友誼的轉(zhuǎn)變，故D項能解釋畫線部分。
11．答案與解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的“and while meddling around in tween social contact may make us feel better, we must stay out of it”和最后一段的“We may not love every outfit our tweens try on, but it's our job to be there when they emerge from the dressing room, when they do a little twirl （轉(zhuǎn)圈） and wait for us to tell them how grown-up they have become”可知，當(dāng)孩子因為社交而難過時，父母的正確做法是不干涉，在他們身邊支持他們。
12．答案與解析：B　考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章首先介紹了中學(xué)時期少年之間友誼的微妙變化以及這一變化對他們的影響，接著給出了在這種情況下父母應(yīng)該如何做的建議，故B項概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，適合用作標(biāo)題。
C
[2021·福州市質(zhì)量檢測]I never thought I'd hear myself say it, but I've grown to enjoy lifting weights, and I've learned something from doing it. I enjoy the sense of strength and discipline that comes when the muscles are forced to resist. I've tried varying schedules — lifting every day, every other day, two days on and a day off. The every day approach is the least effective. I get the best strengthening results when I give myself a break.
The same is true with mind and spirit. Without giving a chance to reenergize yourself, you begin to break down all the connective fibers of your life. I used to just give myself Sundays off. Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything — and “everything” includes reading two magazines, building a house in Hawaii, working on an ABC movie — and, oh yeah, my day job. Keeping it all straight was beginning to feel a little stressful. So I told myself that just because I have ten free minutes on my calendar doesn't mean I want to fill them. Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine.
So instead of having people lined up outside my office after the first show — I tape two a day — I do nothing for at least ten minutes. The change has worked wonders. I have more energy, and I'm in a better mood for the second show and all the business that comes afterward.
Now that I have the summer off to sit under the trees reading, napping, writing, and thinking, I know for sure it's time well spent. I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come. Fully restored.
1．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To arouse readers' concern.
B．To summarize the whole passage.
C．To state the importance of a good lifestyle.
D．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.
2．Which of the following does the author agree with?
A．Keeping everything straight.
B．Resting at any time.
C．Taking breaks between tasks.
D．Having a full schedule.
3．What does the underlined “it” in Para. 2 refer to?
A．Everything. B．Building a house.
C．My day job. D．Working on a movie.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Lifting weights changes people's life.
B．A little restoration helps go a long way.
C．Why people need to be in high spirits.
D．Ten minutes' break will work wonders.
D
[2021·青島市期末考試]A lunch break — it's an important and often necessary part of our working or school day. And now we're spoilt (慣壞) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and sandwiches to eat on the go.
But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics.
But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says, “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need.
Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙亂) of getting ready for work, so if you haven't got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.
5．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．It costs a lot of money buying lunch.
B．Eating fast food is no good to health.
C．Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment.
D．Experts give suggestions on eating.
6．What's Hubbub's suggestion in Paragraph 3?
A．Stop eating packed lunches.
B．Eating what you like.
C．Trying to be more efficient in work.
D．Making lunch by yourself.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Buying lunch.
B．Taking your own container.
C．Using reusable coffee cup.
D．Using refilling water bottles.
8．What will the writer call on others to do?
A．Make a full use of lunch time.
B．Eating properly to keep healthy.
C．Doing what you can to reduce pollution.
D．Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment.
C
語篇類型：夾敘夾議文　主題語境：人與自我——生活與學(xué)習(xí)——學(xué)會適度調(diào)整與休息
【文章大意】　作者在訓(xùn)練舉重的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)通過調(diào)整日程安排可以達(dá)到更好的訓(xùn)練效果，由此聯(lián)想到這也同樣適用于人的思維和精神層面，適度的休息與調(diào)整可以產(chǎn)生更好的效果。
1．答案與解析：D　考查理解目的的能力。通讀全文可知，本文的主題是適度調(diào)整與休息幫助人走得遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者提及自己訓(xùn)練舉重的過程與經(jīng)歷，在嘗試了多種訓(xùn)練日程安排后發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天訓(xùn)練的訓(xùn)練方式效果最差；即給自己休息時間的訓(xùn)練方式更有效，從而引出本文的主題。故選項D正確。
2．答案與解析：C　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything” “Breathing space has to become part of my daily routine”可推知，作者認(rèn)為完成一項任務(wù)再進(jìn)行下一項任務(wù)前可以休息，因此選項C正確。
3．答案與解析：A　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Now I'm scheduling downtime in the midst of everything”及it所在句可推知，此處it泛指各種各樣的事情，因此選項A正確。
4．答案與解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)文章尾段中的“I'm refilling my tank so that by fall, when the new season begins, I'll be fired up and ready for whatever is to come. Fully restored”和文章的其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是通過作者的親身經(jīng)歷總結(jié)得出結(jié)論：一些休整時間可以幫助人做好準(zhǔn)備，走得遠(yuǎn)。故選項B正確。
D
【文章大意】　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述人們將午餐外帶不僅浪費錢財還污染環(huán)境。作者呼吁人們自己做飯或外帶時自帶餐具，盡可能地減少污染。
5．答案與解析：C　段落大意題。通讀第二段尤其是“But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too.（第二段第一句）”可知，第二段主要講述了購買（外帶）午餐時使用一次性餐具對環(huán)境造成了巨大破壞。故選C。
6．答案與解析：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches.（第三段第一句）”及“...but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch.（第三段倒數(shù)第二句）”可知，Hubbub及其成員建議人們自備午餐，帶到工作地點吃。故選D。
7．答案與解析：B　指代判斷題。通讀最后一段尤其是“...an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.（最后一段第一、二句）”可知，Hubbub提出的替代選擇是讓人們自帶容器去吃飯。由此可知，畫線單詞“this”指代的是帶上你自己的容器。故選B。
8．答案與解析：D　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，人們外帶午餐、使用一次性餐具造成了環(huán)境污染，作者引用環(huán)保人士的觀點，建議人們自備午餐，或者購買午餐時自帶容器。由此可推知，作者將呼吁其他人思考如何能夠減少不良的午餐飲食習(xí)慣對環(huán)境造成的污染。故選D。

A
[2022·武漢部分學(xué)校高三質(zhì)量檢測]I was 29 when my brother-in-law said to me, “It would be nice if one day you could make use of your education.” I had a degree and an MA (Master of Arts) in creative writing which, as far as I was concerned, I used every day—reading novels, trying to write novels, arguing about politics, interpreting the meanings in French films, and generally leading an examined life. But my brother-in-law, who left school at 18, didn't understand why, as a journalist, I was bringing home less than half the salary he earned in the hospitality (服務(wù)) industry.
I thought of my brother-in-law's comment this week when the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) released figures showing that, on average, male arts graduates earn less at the age of 29 than their non-graduate peers. Graduates of the same age overall are only earning 6% more than non-graduates. For women the figure is 26%, but earnings growth for women overall is lower, so the benefits from going to university are greater.
The IFS figures drew a predictable response from Sam Gyimah, who listed some courses of arts degrees in certain universities that are not delivering the financial outcomes for students and threatened to punish institutions that don't improve students' earning prospects. This attack on arts degrees raises fundamental questions about what we want from education and, indeed, from life.
No one can deny that arts degrees give students the skills to speak and work out what they want to say and how to say it. Studying Sigmund Freud, or reading James Joyce or Toni Morrison for the first time, introduces students to ideas that challenge their intellectual prejudices, as well as the consensus (共識) of the society around them. The value of an arts degree in life is incalculable.
1．What did the author think of his major according to Paragraph 1?
A．Hopeless. B．Unrealistic.
C．Ordinary. D．Meaningful.
2．What do the IFS figures indicate?
A．Men graduates earn less than non-graduate peers.
B．Women graduates earn less than non-graduates.
C．The income increase rate for women is much higher.
D．Women benefit more from getting college education.
3．How did Sam Gyimah respond to the IFS figures?
A．He put pressure on some institutions.
B．He punished some institutions.
C．He bettered students' earning prospects.
D．He accused colleges of giving false hope.
4．What does the text suggest people do about degrees?
A．Challenge their intellectual prejudices.
B．Consider what they expect of life.
C．Work out what they want to say.
D．Think if they can make money.
B
[2022·豫北名校聯(lián)考高三考試]By now it's almost common knowledge that spending time in nature is good for you. Areas with more trees tend to be less polluted, so spending time there allows you to breathe easily. Spending time outdoors has been linked with reduced blood pressure and stress and seems to motivate people to exercise more.
“So it'll come as no surprise that there's research showing that spending time in nature is good. There are dozens of papers showing that，” University of Exeter Medical School researcher Mathew P. White said. “We get this idea—patients are coming to us and they are asking, ‘Doctor, how long should I spend？’ And the doctor is saying, ‘I don't really know’．”
So White and his team decided to find out by using data collected from nearly 20，000 people in England through the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment Survey. And their answer is two hours a week. People who spent at least that much time in nature either all at once or totaled over several shorter visits were more likely to report good health and psychological well-being than those with no nature exposure.
Remarkably the two-hour standard applied to men and women, to older and younger folks, to people from different ethnic backgrounds, occupational groups, socioeconomic levels, and so on. Even people with long-term illnesses or disabilities benefited from time spent in nature—as long as it was at least 120 minutes per week.
While the findings are based on a vast number of people, White cautions that it's really just a correlation. Nobody knows why or how nature has this benefit, or whether the findings will stand up to a more strict investigation.
“I want to be really clear about this. This is in very early stages. We're not saying everybody has to spend 120 minutes. This is really to start the conversation, saying, what would a threshold look like? What research do we need to take this to the next step before doctors can have the true confidence to work with their patients? But it's certainly a starting point.”
5．What does White want to figure out in the survey?
A．The benefits of being outside
B．How long we should stay in nature.
C．The significance of outdoor activities.
D．Whether the British spend enough time in nature.
6．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．The two-hour standard applies to everyone.
B．The reason why nature is beneficial is clear.
C．Further study is needed to confirm White's result.
D．The findings of White's survey have been widely used.
7．What does the underlined word “threshold” the last paragraph mean?
A．Strict investigation.
B．Following step.
C．Healthy lifestyle.
D．Starting point.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Nature and Health
B．Two-hour Staying in Nature
C．Tips to Improve Health
D．The Starting Point
A
語篇類型：夾敘夾議文　主題語境：人與社會——教育——文學(xué)學(xué)位有自身價值和存在的意義
【語篇解讀】　作者有一個學(xué)士學(xué)位和文學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，家人認(rèn)為他的學(xué)位沒有價值。然而，財政研究學(xué)會的研究數(shù)據(jù)顯示，文學(xué)學(xué)位同樣有意義，關(guān)鍵在于你想從教育、從生活中得到什么。
1．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“I used every day—reading novels... and generally leading an examined life”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己的專業(yè)很有意義，故D項正確。unrealistic“不切實際的；不實事求是的”。
2．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中講到的“For women... the benefits from going to university are greater”可知，女性從大學(xué)教育中獲益更多，故D項正確。
[干擾項分析]　A項基本信息正確，但是缺少年齡范圍，原文中有明確的年齡范圍“at the age of 29”，故A項錯誤。
3．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“threatened to punish institutions that don't improve students' earning prospects”可知，對于IFS提供的數(shù)據(jù)，Sam Gyimah給出的回應(yīng)是向一些機(jī)構(gòu)施加壓力，故A項正確。
4．答案與解析：B　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“This attack on arts degrees raises fundamental questions about what we want from education and, indeed, from life”可以推斷，學(xué)位是文是理不重要，重要的是，我們應(yīng)該問問自己想要從教育、從生活中得到什么，故B項正確。
B
語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與自然——人與環(huán)境——走進(jìn)自然
【語篇解讀】　本文主要講述了一項研究表明每周接觸大自然兩小時有益于身心健康。
5．答案與解析：B　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段最后一句和第三段第一句“So White and his team... with the Natural Environment Survey”可知，研究想要弄明白的問題是，我們應(yīng)在大自然中待多久。故選B項。
6．答案與解析：C　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的中心內(nèi)容可知，White認(rèn)為這一研究雖然涉及很多人，但其結(jié)果只表明了相關(guān)性，結(jié)果是否能夠經(jīng)得起驗證還沒人知道。結(jié)合最后一段中的“I want to... very early stages”可知，White的研究結(jié)論需要進(jìn)一步證實。故選C項。
7．答案與解析：D　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)畫線部分前文可知，研究還處于早期階段。根據(jù)后文中的“the next step”和“it's certainly a starting point”可知，畫線部分意思為“起步階段”。選項D符合題意。
8．答案與解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是第三段中的“And their answer is two hours a week. People who... with no nature exposure”可知，文章主要講述了一項研究表明每周接觸大自然兩小時有益于身心健康，本文的最佳標(biāo)題為“在大自然中待兩個小時”。故選B項。
C
[2021·青島市統(tǒng)一檢測]It might seem strange to be making predictions about 2021, but one thing is clear: technology has been affected just as much as every other part of our lives. Another clear thing is that today's most important technology trends will play a big part in helping us deal with and adapt to the many challenges facing us. From the shift to working from home to new rules about how we meet and interact in public spaces, technology trends will be the driving force in managing the change.
One of the major technology trends that are likely to play out this year is 5G and enhanced connectivity. Each successive advance in mobile connectivity from 3G onwards has unlocked new use cases for the Internet. 3G made web browsing and data-driven services useful on mobile devices, 4G led to the growth of streaming video and music platforms as bandwidths (寬帶) increased, and 5G, similarly, will open more doors in terms of what is possible.
5G means that services relying on advanced technologies such as augmented (增強的) reality and virtual reality, as well as cloud-based gaming platforms like Google's Stadia, become a practical thing, anywhere at any time. They also threaten to make cable and fiber-based (光纖) networks redundant,__with their need for us to be tied to a particular location.
In short, 5G and other advanced, high-speed networks make other new technologies available anywhere, any time. A great example is Norwegian fishery operator Salmar that uses a 5G network to automate the care and feeding of its fish. Image recognition algorithms (算法) are used to detect which fish are over or under-feeding, and automatically distribute food and medicine needed to keep them healthy. Initiatives like this will become increasingly important during 2021, where businesses look to increase automation across their workforces.
9．Which of the following is highly influenced by 5G technology?
A．Data-driven services. B．Streaming video.
C．Music platforms. D．Google's Stadia.
10．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “redundant” in Paragraph 3?
A．Useful. B．Unnecessary.
C．Expensive. D．Special.
11．Why is “Salmar” mentioned in the text?
A．To show the development of Norwegian fishery.
B．To explain how to keep fish healthy.
C．To present the application of 5G technology.
D．To propose new initiatives for businesses.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．Different predictions of technology trends.
B．Successive advances in mobile technology.
C．One of the technological highlights of the year.
D．The driving force in managing changes.
C
【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了5G技術(shù)在實際生活中的應(yīng)用及其所帶來的影響。
9．答案與解析：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“5G means that services relying on advanced technologies such as augmented （增強的） reality and virtual reality, as well as cloud-based gaming platforms like Google's Stadia, become a practical thing, anywhere at any time.”可知，5G意味著依靠先進(jìn)技術(shù)的服務(wù)，如增強現(xiàn)實和虛擬現(xiàn)實以及像谷歌的視距一樣基于云游戲的平臺成為一種隨時隨地實用的事物。由此可知，谷歌的視距被5G技術(shù)影響最大。故選D。
10．答案與解析：B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“with their need for us to be tied to a particular location”可知，它們（光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)）需要把我們束縛在一個特定的位置，由此可推知，5G服務(wù)使得人們沒有必要再使用電纜和光纖網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，畫線詞應(yīng)意為“不需要的”，與B項意思相近。故選B。
11．答案與解析：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，挪威漁業(yè)運營商Salmar就是一個很好的例子，該公司利用5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)了對魚類的自動化照料和喂養(yǎng)。由此可推知，作者提及Salmar的例子是為了呈現(xiàn)5G技術(shù)在實際生活中的應(yīng)用。故選C。
12．答案與解析：C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了2021年，5G技術(shù)在實際生活中的應(yīng)用及其所帶來的影響，即本年度的科技亮點之一。故選C。
D
[2021·太原市高三期末]I was invited to give a speech at a conference on education. I happened to sit next to Clay Parker, the CEO of a technology company that makes micro electronics devices.
For the last few years, I'd been reading about the rapidly changing world of work and was increasingly concerned that students are not prepared for today's workplace. Buried in book knowledge, university students talk like a book and always pass exams with flying colours. However, when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems useless. So I asked Parker what qualities he most wanted in a potential new employee. I expected a list of technical skills — especially since Parker is an engineer himself — but I was way off__the__mark．
“First, I look for someone who asks good questions，” Parker responded. “Our business is changing, and so are the skills of our engineers. We can teach them the technical stuff. But for employees willing to solve problems or to learn new things, they have to know what questions to ask. And we can't teach them how to ask good questions — how to think. The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality.”
Indeed, the ability to ask good questions has been a repeated theme in almost all of my conversations about core competences and skills for success in today's workplace. It turns out that asking good questions goes hand in hand with the problem solving ability in the minds of most employers.
The students have always been brought up to live up to a certain standard and so much emphasis has been put on fixed rules and giving the expected answer of their teachers instead of raising a question. We teachers are always blaming the students for giving wrong answers. Perhaps we should ask ourselves whether we are always asking the right questions.
5．Why did the author ask Parker the question?
A．To bring the CEO's attention to education.
B．To collect information about his company.
C．To ask for his opinion about the conference.
D．To know his requirements for new employees.
6．What does the underlined words “off the mark” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Mistaken. B．Not qualified.
C．Confused. D．Not professional.
7．What does Parker value his employees for?
A．Teamwork. B．Thinking ability.
C．Technical skills. D．Professional knowledge.
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.How to Hunt for a Job
B．Asking Questions Matters
C．An Encounter with a CEO
D．Problem-solving Makes a Difference
E
[2021·綿陽市第二次診斷]Going through social media can quickly convince you that everyone's life is more interesting than yours. During a particularly adventurous week on social media some months ago, I saw water skiing in Maui, and swimming with wild pigs in the Bahamas. Wild pigs! I started searching flights to new places online, imagining adventures. Then I ordered food from the place I eat at every week and... felt bad about not trying somewhere new.
Recent research about repeat and novel experiences suggests that we ought to reconsider those negative feelings associated with repetition. Ed O'Brien, a professor at The University of Chicago, launched a series of studies on this topic. “There's a general belief that if you want to seem like an interesting, cultured person, the best thing you can do is to showcase that you're open to new experiences，” he says. “That may be true, but I think we take for granted the value of really digging deep into one field.”
To test this hypothesis (假設(shè)), O'Brien and his team exposed all participants to the same stimulus (刺激), including museum visits, movies, and video games. Next, some people were asked to imagine repeating the experience, while others actually did repeat what they had done. The researchers found that on the whole, participants said that repeating experiences was often far more enjoyable than they had predicted.
There is joy in repetition partly because every human mind wanders. Consequently, we miss a good part of every experience. Repeating things can really be seen as another opportunity to actually experience something fully. O'Brien's studies show that people are too quick to assume that they've “seen all the layers” even in those cases where they haven't. It's safe to assume there are more explorable layers in any experience. When we're noticing new things in any experience, our brain becomes engaged. All we need to do is approach whatever task is at hand by searching for the things that we didn't see in it the first time around.
9．Why does the author mention his experience in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the bad feelings linked to repetition.
B．To show novel experiences are more interesting.
C．To tell us a common belief about social media.
D．To present to us his new, imagined adventures.
10．What did O'Brien's studies find?
A．People were open to new experiences.
B．Imagination was exciting on the whole.
C．Repeating experiences made one bored.
D．Digging deep into one field was enjoyable.
11．How can we keep our brain engaged?
A．By assuming we didn't see all at first.
B．By searching for the ignored elements.
C．By approaching whatever task is at hand.
D．By keeping focused on every experience.
12．What is the best title for this passage?
A.Novel Experiences Enrich Us
B．More Layers Keep the Mind Busy
C．Repetition Makes People Happy
D．Wandering Minds Help People Explore
D
語篇類型：議論文　主題語境：人與自我——教育——提出正確問題的能力是適應(yīng)當(dāng)今工作的能力要素
【文章大意】　作者在一次教育研討會上遇到了一位公司的CEO，作者向他詢問公司在招聘新員工時看重新員工的什么能力，他的回答出乎作者意料，公司看重的是員工提出正確問題的能力。所以作者反思現(xiàn)在的教育和教師應(yīng)教會學(xué)生如何提出正確的問題。
5．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段中的“For the last few years, I'd been reading about the rapidly changing world of work and was increasingly concerned that students are not prepared for today's workplace”和“However, when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems useless”可知，工作（內(nèi)容）在快速變化，作者越來越擔(dān)心學(xué)生沒有為如今的職場做好準(zhǔn)備，懷疑學(xué)生在學(xué)校所學(xué)的知識無用。所以當(dāng)作者偶遇一位公司的CEO時，提出了那個問題，即作者提出那個問題是為了了解公司對新員工的要求，故D項正確。
6．答案與解析：A　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)第二段中畫線詞語所在句以及第三段中Parker的回答可知，作者預(yù)料Parker會回答新員工應(yīng)具有的一些技術(shù)能力，但是他回答的內(nèi)容卻不是作者所預(yù)料的答案，所以作者“錯了”。A項意為“不正確”；B項意為“沒資格”；C項意為“困惑”；D項意為“不專業(yè)”。故A項正確。
7．答案與解析：B　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“The ability to ask the right questions reflects good thinking ability, the most important quality”可知，Parker認(rèn)為提出正確問題的能力反映了員工的思維能力，也是最重要的品質(zhì)。由此可知，Parker重視員工的思維能力，故B項正確。
8．答案與解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述為了讓學(xué)生適應(yīng)快速變化的工作（內(nèi)容），教師要教會學(xué)生如何去提出正確的問題，這在當(dāng)今的職場中被視為是很重要的能力。故“問問題很重要”最適合作本文的標(biāo)題，故B項正確。
E
語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與社會——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——重復(fù)經(jīng)歷會讓人快樂
【文章大意】　作者通過一項研究說明重復(fù)經(jīng)歷會給人帶來樂趣。部分原因是每個人的思維都會走神，所以重復(fù)某些經(jīng)歷會發(fā)現(xiàn)意想不到的、曾被忽略的新事物，這會讓大腦忙碌起來。
9．答案與解析：A　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，研究表明我們應(yīng)該重新考慮那些與重復(fù)經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的消極感受。由此可推知，第一段提到作者的經(jīng)歷（作者因訂食物未嘗試新的地方而感覺不好）是為了引出與重復(fù)經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的消極感受，故A項正確。
10．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段尾句和第三段尾句可知，O'Brien認(rèn)為我們沒有重視深入一個領(lǐng)域的價值，而他和他的團(tuán)隊發(fā)現(xiàn)總的來說，參與者們認(rèn)為重復(fù)經(jīng)歷往往比他們預(yù)料的要令人愉快得多。由此可知，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)深入一個領(lǐng)域令人快樂，故D項正確。
11．答案與解析：B　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物，大腦就會變得忙碌。而我們需要做的就是通過找尋第一次沒看到的事物來處理手頭上的任何任務(wù)，故通過找尋被忽略掉的元素能夠使我們的大腦忙碌，B項正確。
12．答案與解析：C　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷引出了與重復(fù)經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的消極感受。然后，作者又通過一項研究說明我們應(yīng)該重新對待那些消極感受，因為重復(fù)經(jīng)歷能使我們快樂，故C項正確。
F
[2021·南昌市第三次模擬]Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.
It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lots of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms (微生物) which colonise (聚居于) floating plastic objects fools turtles into feeding.
Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism-colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible．
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to the air above an experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去離子) water; the smell of turtle-feeding meals; the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells — the smell of meals and that of five-week-old bottles proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.
On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything that had this smell would be edible or, at least, harmless. Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
5．What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit?
A．Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics.
B．Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics.
C．Turtles like being fed with plastic tools.
D．Turtles choose to eat plastics by mistake.
6．What does the underlined word “edible” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fit to eat. B．Pleasant to smell.
C．Far to reach. D．Easy to digest.
7．What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research?
A．Many seabirds can track the food.
B．Most animals find food through smells.
C．Two smells are especially favoured by turtles.
D．The favoured smell leads turtles to seek for food.
8．Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last?
A．To explain why the ocean is polluted.
B．To ask for people to feed turtles with proper food.
C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean.
D．To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research.
G
[2021·西安五校高三聯(lián)考]Ask people in the UK what the words “Sunday roast” mean to them, and they'll probably take you back to their grandmothers' dining rooms — maybe with a few stories of “the greatest puddings” and “the best ever steak”. But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days. According to Daily Mail, just one in 50 British families sits down to this weekly meal together.
There are many reasons why the roast is becoming less popular. In the busy modern world, where breakfast is a slice of toast eaten on the way to work or school and lunch is a quick sandwich in front of the computer screen, people just don't seem to have the time or patience to make a roast.
And Sunday was once a day when people could easily go to the kitchen to cook. Nowadays, people are often out shopping or at the cinema until it's far too late to start thinking about heating the oven (烤箱) up.
However, a recent article from The Telegraph warned against being carried away by our tight schedules: “It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear.”
The Guardian further explained that the eating of the big meal is only the half of it. The Sunday roast also makes for relaxed morning activities in the kitchen, and the table becomes the perfect place to share good food and chat with family and friends. “For busy moms and dads, even if you can manage to turn off your mobile phone and the TV only once a week and turn the Sunday roast into a real family event, children can have fun cooking the food and clearing up together.”
9．Why do people pay less attention to the Sunday roast nowadays?
A．They have a busy lifestyle.
B．They have no interest in cooking.
C．They don't think it worthwhile.
D．They are living in the modern society.
10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．A recent article.
B．The fine old tradition.
C．A traditional kitchen.
D．The Sunday morning activity.
11．How does the author feel towards the Sunday roast's decline?
A．Sorry. B．Doubtful.
C．Uncertain. D．Positive.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Sunday — Best Time for Family
B．The Sunday Roast Is Dying Out
C．It's the Perfect Time for Us
D．Let's Sit Down Together
F
語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與自然——環(huán)境保護(hù)——海龜因誤食塑料制品而很可能喪命
【文章大意】　許多塑料制品因在海面上長時間漂浮而帶有特殊氣味，海龜誤以為它們是可食用的東西而食用，從而很可能喪命。本文介紹了研究人員通過模擬海上漂浮塑料制品的環(huán)境進(jìn)行實驗，實驗結(jié)果證實了他們的想法。
5．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段第一句“It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為，海龜誤吃塑料是因為它們錯誤地判斷了食物，故D項正確。
6．答案與解析：A　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，許多海鳥通過嗅布滿了微生物的塑料釋放到空氣中的某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)來追蹤食物。結(jié)合該句中的“that they are following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking”可以判斷，海龜根據(jù)同樣的化學(xué)物質(zhì)誤以為漂浮的塑料物體是可食用的。故畫線詞意為“可以食用的”。
7．答案與解析：D　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第四段尾句“Two of the smells — the smell of meals and that of five-week-old bottles proved far more attractive to the animals than the others”可知，實驗結(jié)果證明，食物的氣味和在海水中放了五周的瓶子的氣味對動物的吸引力要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其他氣味。據(jù)此可以判斷，偏愛的氣味引導(dǎo)海龜去尋找食物，故D項正確。
8．答案與解析：C　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)尾段最后兩句“In an unpolluted ocean...and their like are not”可知，在未受污染的海洋里，幾乎任何有這種氣味的東西都是可以食用的，或者至少是無害的；不幸的是，在海水里放了五周的塑料瓶和同類的東西卻并非如此。據(jù)此可以判斷，作者最后提及未受污染的海洋是為了喚起保護(hù)海洋的意識。故C項正確。
G
語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與社會——社會與文化——英國衰落的吃“周日烤肉”傳統(tǒng)
【文章大意】　周日全家人聚在一起共享烤肉是英國的一個傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣。但是，隨著生活節(jié)奏加快，人們似乎已經(jīng)沒有時間和耐心做“周日烤肉”了。英國有媒體指出，吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)不能被拋棄，它對家庭有益。
9．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，在繁忙的現(xiàn)代社會，早餐是在上班或上學(xué)的路上吃一片吐司，午餐是在電腦屏幕前快速吃一個三明治；人們似乎沒有時間和耐心做烤肉。據(jù)此可知，如今人們很少關(guān)注“周日烤肉”是因為生活太忙碌，故A項正確。
10．答案與解析：B　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的“It would be a shame to let this fine old tradition disappear”可知，The Telegraph上最近的一篇報道指出，讓這一優(yōu)良的古老傳統(tǒng)消失將是一件令人惋惜的事。又結(jié)合第五段第一句可以推斷，該句中的it即指代上句中的“this fine old tradition”，故B項正確。
11．答案與解析：A　考查理解態(tài)度的能力。通讀全文可知，作者先是提到吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)變得不太受歡迎了，接著分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因，然后又提到英國有媒體指出，吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)不能被拋棄，它對家庭有益。據(jù)此可以推斷，作者對吃“周日烤肉”這一傳統(tǒng)的衰落感到難過、惋惜。A項意為“難過，惋惜”，故A項正確。
12．答案與解析：B　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。通讀全文可知，文章第一段第二句“But now the traditional Sunday roast seems to have been left back in the old days”為全文的主題句，提出文章主題——英國吃“周日烤肉”的傳統(tǒng)將近消亡，下文圍繞此主題展開，分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因及一些媒體對此現(xiàn)象的看法。故B項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。

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