?專題19 語法填空之有提示詞（解析版）
在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。
語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運(yùn)用，強(qiáng)調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)語篇分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征。
有提示詞的空處一般考查的是動(dòng)、名、形、副。


一、有提示詞解法思維導(dǎo)圖



(一)高頻考點(diǎn)之一：提示詞為動(dòng)詞
1．考查謂語動(dòng)詞

解題
攻略
若句中無謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞；此時(shí)，應(yīng)先考慮時(shí)態(tài)，考生可以根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語或語篇提示確定時(shí)態(tài)，然后考慮語態(tài)，最后需考慮主謂一致和語氣問題，來確定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。
舉例1
While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it ____ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前半句是由while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，后半句是主句，主句中含有一個(gè)賓語從句，即it ...or swimming作says的賓語。又因此處是對(duì)客觀情況的描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，再根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知，應(yīng)填is。
舉例2
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country __ __ (grow) more corn than rice.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格所在的句子中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Since 2011可知，謂語動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，再根據(jù)主謂一致原則可知填has grown。
舉例3
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ____ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
分析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，when the government ____ (start) a soil-testing program為關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞為2005。通過分析定語從句可知從句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語between 2005可知應(yīng)填一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)句意可知需用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填started。


2． 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞
3．
解題
攻略
若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，空處又不在句中作并列謂語時(shí)，所要填的通常是非謂語動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)需進(jìn)一步確定是非謂語動(dòng)詞的哪種形式。一般來說，作主語、賓語、表語、定語通常用動(dòng)名詞形式；此外，doing表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行；done表示被動(dòng)、完成；to do表示尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
舉例4
You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running.
分析：第一句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞don't have to run，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填不定式to see，作目的狀語。第二句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞reduce，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。又因空格前有介詞of，結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)填dying，作介詞of的賓語。
舉例5
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality.
分析：句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞encourages，故空格處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填不定式to improve，作目的狀語。
舉例6
China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞offers，再根據(jù)空格前有從屬連詞while可知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”為時(shí)間狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，所填的詞與其邏輯主語China之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞feeding。
舉例7
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
分析：when引導(dǎo)的從句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞was，且從句中無其他連詞，故空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。reporter與permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。過去分詞短語permitted to ...作后置定語，修飾reporter。故填permitted。

3．考查派生詞
解題
攻略
有時(shí)所給提示詞雖然是動(dòng)詞，但是空格處既不是考查謂語動(dòng)詞也不是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，而是要求填所給詞的派生詞。此時(shí)要結(jié)合空格處前后的修飾詞來確定所給提示詞應(yīng)派生為哪種詞性。一般考查動(dòng)詞派生為名詞，有時(shí)還需考慮動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~甚至副詞。
舉例8
This switch has decreased __66__ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
分析：分析句子成分可知空格前面有謂語動(dòng)詞has decreased，其后缺少賓語，故填名詞pollution。
舉例9
This development was only possible with the ___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
分析：由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應(yīng)接名詞，故填introduction。



(二)高頻考點(diǎn)之二：提示詞為名詞

解題
攻略
所給提示詞為名詞時(shí)，通?？疾榭蓴?shù)名詞的單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，或名詞派生為形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。
舉例10
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
分析：分析句子成分可知，from all ___ (cause)為介詞短語作后置定語，空處位于介詞之后作賓語，又因空格前面有all，所以填其復(fù)數(shù)形式causes。
舉例11
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空格前面有謂語動(dòng)詞do，再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞形式，與空前的不定式符號(hào)to構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作目的狀語。故填strengthen。
舉例12
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
分析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合空前的the most可知，空處表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義。故填successful。



(三)高頻考點(diǎn)之三：提示詞為形容詞或副詞

解題
攻略
當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞或副詞時(shí)，需考慮是否是考查比較級(jí)或形容詞和副詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)提示詞為形容詞時(shí)，還要考慮是否需要轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞形式。
舉例13
(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____ (long) than non-runners.
分析：根據(jù)空格后面的than可知，此處考查比較級(jí)形式，故填longer。
舉例14
A taste for meat is __63__ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
分析：分析句子成分可知，空處在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞is應(yīng)用副詞。故填actually。


(四)低頻考點(diǎn)：提示詞為代詞

解題
攻略
所給提示詞是代詞時(shí)，一般考查人稱代詞變?yōu)槲镏鞔~。有時(shí)需考慮人稱代詞單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)、主格變?yōu)橘e格、人稱代詞變?yōu)榉瓷泶~等。
舉例15
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
分析：因空處作動(dòng)詞find的賓語，故應(yīng)填人稱代詞的賓格形式，即them。
舉例16
On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
分析：mother是名詞，所填詞作定語修飾mother，故填其形容詞性物主代詞its。

二、高考真題分項(xiàng)演練

1.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it??????6??????(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】was
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該填謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的提示詞then可知，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，故此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；從句主語為it，是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was。

2.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and??????10??????(sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：1861年，林肯被選舉為國(guó)家總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子并且賣掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold為并列謂語，用and連接，所以都用一般過去時(shí)。

3.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）
It??????1??????(build) originally to protect the city?in?the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修復(fù)）.
【答案】was built ;
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)以及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格填寫謂語動(dòng)詞， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句句意：它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。故填was built。

4.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）
We??????6??????(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】hired
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文My bike was old可知， 應(yīng)該為過去的時(shí)態(tài)，主語為we, 為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hired。

5.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,??????1??????(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.?
【答案】has proved 或 has proven
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合句中since一詞，可以判斷句子的謂語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自從它開放后，林肯的家已經(jīng)證明是讓游客們不可抵擋地想去參觀的。

6.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home??????5??????(paint) white.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)。

7.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a?person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25??????4??????(consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：介于19-25的BMI數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a BMI of between 19 and 25?? (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做謂語，主語是單數(shù)，根據(jù)句意謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為被動(dòng)且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為 is considered。

8.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）
In cities, however, the gain??????6??????(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
【答案】was
【解析】考查系動(dòng)詞。句意：然而在城市里，女人增長(zhǎng)數(shù)值是1.3，男人增長(zhǎng)為1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主the gain是單數(shù)且該句陳述過去研究數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故答案為was。

9.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will??????3??????(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所填詞應(yīng)該修飾動(dòng)詞help，故應(yīng)用副詞形式。Undoubted 變副詞，直接在詞尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。

10.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
But that's how nature is—always leaving us??????5??????(astonish).
【答案】 astonished
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此句中含有?"leave sb./sth. + adj."?結(jié)構(gòu)， 表示?"使……處于某種狀態(tài)"?。因?yàn)橘e語us與動(dòng)詞astonish為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)該過去分詞形容詞astonished作賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明人的感受，意為?"感到吃驚的"。故填astonished。
11.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and?watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their??????10??????(day) routines.
【答案】 daily
【解析】考查形容詞。此處表示 "觀察當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜粘Ｉ? ，修飾routines, 故用形容詞，故填daily。

12（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what??????5??????(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】 better
【解析】考查形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句中 "than" 可知，應(yīng)該填寫形容詞的比較級(jí)的形式，故填better。

13.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）Provide??????8??????(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】 financial
【解析】考查形容詞?？涨盀閯?dòng)詞，空后為名詞，故判斷此空填形容詞形式修飾后面的名詞aid。因此應(yīng)使用finance的形容詞形式financial。句意：為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┙?jīng)濟(jì)幫助和其他益處。故填financial。

14.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）
When the house was built, it was much??????4??????(small) than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，句中有than這個(gè)提示詞，much修飾比較級(jí)。句意：當(dāng)房子建好時(shí)，它比現(xiàn)在要小得多。

15.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空） But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed??????8??????(sharp).
【答案】sharply
【解析】考查副詞。句意：30年后，很多國(guó)家的BMI數(shù)值的城鄉(xiāng)差異急劇下降。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知the BMI difference… had narrowed?? (sharp). 修飾動(dòng)詞narrow要用副詞，故答案為 sharply。

16.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）This may be due to some disadvantages for people?living in the countryside, including??????10??????(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：鄉(xiāng)下的人條件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花銷和更少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知levels of income and education與higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列關(guān)系，前后結(jié)構(gòu)要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容詞比較級(jí)，故答案為lower。

17.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）
It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become??????1??????(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the?development of the local areas.
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容詞作表語。根據(jù)空前為become可知，空格處所填詞應(yīng)作become的表語。句意：這與傳統(tǒng)的旅游業(yè)不同，因?yàn)樗梢允褂慰土私獾竭@些區(qū)域的一些知識(shí)。故填educated。

18.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we??????2??????(human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞應(yīng)該作 we 的同位語，故應(yīng)該填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。

19.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and??????9??????(watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以空格也應(yīng)該是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。

20.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）.??????9??????(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （遠(yuǎn)足） and accommodations aim?to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?？崭袼钤~作主語，同時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞range為非三單形式，因此應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：那里有從鯨魚觀賞到遠(yuǎn)足等活動(dòng)……。故填A(yù)ctivities。

21. （2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空）It is calculated by dividing a??????3??????(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25??????4??????(consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名詞所有格。句意：BMI的計(jì)算方式是用人的體重?cái)?shù)（以千克為單位）除以身高數(shù)（以米為單位）的平方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)It is calculated by dividing a? (person) weight可知weight和person是從屬關(guān)系。故答案為person's。

22.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空） In 1844 they bought it?for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their??????3??????(marry) ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名詞。此題考查動(dòng)詞變名詞，marry→marriage，這里表示結(jié)婚儀式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在這里舉行了他們的結(jié)婚儀式。

23.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become?educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the??????2??????(develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名詞作賓語。根據(jù)空前冠詞the和空后介詞of可知，空格應(yīng)填名詞。句意：……并且對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)的發(fā)展有益。故填development。

24.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure?and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your??????8??????(ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，因?yàn)槊~legs與動(dòng)詞ache為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)該填現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾 legs。故填aching。

25.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）
It is possible??????3??????(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。

26.（2021.6全國(guó)甲卷 語法填空）
After??????4??????(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what?better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。After 介詞后加doing形式，故填spending。

27.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）
Minimize the impact of??????7??????(visit) the place.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，判斷空格處填非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幾鹘樵~of的賓語，所以應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。句意：最小化參觀一個(gè)地方的影響。故填visiting。

28.（2021.6全國(guó)乙卷 語法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （遠(yuǎn)足） and accommodations aim??????10??????(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，判斷此處填非謂語動(dòng)詞。aim to do sth，意為 "目的在于做某事" ，因此應(yīng)填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是為了對(duì)自然環(huán)境有小的影響。故填to have。



二、高考真題綜合演練
2021.6全國(guó)甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It??????1??????(build) originally to protect the city??????2??????the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修復(fù)）. It is possible??????3??????(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After??????4??????(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what??????5??????(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We??????6??????(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky??????7??????did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all??????8??????way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and??????9??????(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their??????10??????(day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游記，作者向我們簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了西安古城墻以及他自己騎自行車游完整個(gè)城墻的所見所聞。
【解析】1：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)以及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格填寫謂語動(dòng)詞， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句句意：它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。故填was built。
2 ：考查介詞。在唐朝the Tang dynasty，是段時(shí)間，故填 in。
3 ：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式，故填 to walk 。
4 ：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。After 介詞后加doing形式，故填spending。
5 ：考查形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句中 "than" 可知，應(yīng)該填寫形容詞的比較級(jí)的形式，故填better。
6 ：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文My bike was old可知， 應(yīng)該為過去的時(shí)態(tài)，主語為we, 為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hired。
7 ：考查連詞。此處表示我的自行車又舊又晃，后面能用。所以是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故填but。
8 ：考查冠詞。 all the way 為固定搭配，意為 "自始自終，一路上" 。故填the。
9 ：考查名詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以空格也應(yīng)該是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。
10 ：考查形容詞。此處表示 "觀察當(dāng)?shù)厝说娜粘Ｉ? ，修飾routines, 故用形容詞，故填daily。

2021.6全國(guó)乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影響）travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become??????1??????(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the??????2??????(develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has??????3??????(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept??????4??????the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to??????5??????growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types??????6??????trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
●Minimize the impact of??????7??????(visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
●Provide??????8??????(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.??????9??????(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （遠(yuǎn)足） and accommodations aim??????10??????(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，本文向讀者簡(jiǎn)要介紹了以生態(tài)環(huán)境為主要景觀的旅游起源和特點(diǎn)。
【解析】
1 ：考查形容詞作表語。根據(jù)空前為become可知，空格處所填詞應(yīng)作become的表語。句意：這與傳統(tǒng)的旅游業(yè)不同，因?yàn)樗梢允褂慰土私獾竭@些區(qū)域的一些知識(shí)。故填educated。
2 ：考查名詞作賓語。根據(jù)空前冠詞the和空后介詞of可知，空格應(yīng)填名詞。句意：……并且對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū)的發(fā)展有益。故填development。
3： 考查形容詞性物主代詞?？崭袼钤~與空后的origin一起作has的賓語；同時(shí)與空后的origin構(gòu)成限定關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)填形容詞物主代詞。句意：生態(tài)旅游業(yè)起源于20世紀(jì)70年代的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。故填its。
4： 考查時(shí)間介詞。根據(jù)空前有not可知，此處until與not一起構(gòu)成固定用法not…?until，意為?"直到……才……"?。句意：直到20世紀(jì)80年代后期，它才作為一種旅游概念被廣泛接受。故填until。
5： 考查定冠詞?？崭裉幩钤~與空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的賓語，構(gòu)成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因?yàn)榕c環(huán)境相關(guān)的且有冒險(xiǎn)性的旅行越來越流行……。故填the。
6： 考查介詞。根據(jù)空格前后為名詞并具有所屬關(guān)系。句意：……各種各樣的旅行被歸類于生態(tài)旅行。故填of。
7： 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，判斷空格處填非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗幾鹘樵~of的賓語，所以應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。句意：最小化參觀一個(gè)地方的影響。故填visiting。
8： 考查形容詞?？涨盀閯?dòng)詞，空后為名詞，故判斷此空填形容詞形式修飾后面的名詞aid。因此應(yīng)使用finance的形容詞形式financial。句意：為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裉峁┙?jīng)濟(jì)幫助和其他益處。故填financial。
9： 考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。空格所填詞作主語，同時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞range為非三單形式，因此應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意：那里有從鯨魚觀賞到遠(yuǎn)足等活動(dòng)……。故填A(yù)ctivities。
10： 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析題目，句子中已經(jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，判斷此處填非謂語動(dòng)詞。aim to do sth，意為 "目的在于做某事" ，因此應(yīng)填不定式形式。句意：……并且食宿是為了對(duì)自然環(huán)境有小的影響。故填to have。

2021.6浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,??????1??????(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.?Beautifully restored（修復(fù)）tp its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it??????2??????＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their??????3??????(marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much??????4??????(small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home??????5??????(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of??????6??????(she), everything in good taste and in perfect order."
Although Mary loved flowers,??????7??????she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over??????8??????(plant) flowers in the front yard.
??????9??????Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the?four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and??????10??????(sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了在伊利諾伊州的首府斯普林菲爾德市中心林肯的家的相關(guān)情況。
【解析】
1.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合句中since一詞，可以判斷句子的謂語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自從它開放后，林肯的家已經(jīng)證明是讓游客們不可抵擋地想去參觀的。
2 ：考查介詞。buy sth. for +價(jià)格，表示以什么價(jià)格購(gòu)買某物。句意：1844年，他們以1200美元的價(jià)格購(gòu)買了這個(gè)房子和一些地。
3 ：考查名詞。此題考查動(dòng)詞變名詞，marry→marriage，這里表示結(jié)婚儀式。句意：Charles Dresser 于1842年在這里舉行了他們的結(jié)婚儀式。
4 ：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)，句中有than這個(gè)提示詞，much修飾比較級(jí)。句意：當(dāng)房子建好時(shí)，它比現(xiàn)在要小得多。
5 ：考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)。
6 ：考查反身代詞。句意：她非常漂亮，并且她的房子就是她的寫照，每件東西都擺放整齊，品味也很好。
7 ：考查連詞，neither…nor…，既不……也不…（兩者都不）。句意：雖然瑪麗喜歡花，但是她和她的丈夫都沒有以園藝者而著稱。
8 ：考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。句意：瑪麗的妹妹經(jīng)常來拜訪，在前院里種些花。
9 ：考查定冠詞the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在1856年把房子擴(kuò)建為一棟二樓，以滿足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的家人的需求。
10 ：考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：1861年，林肯被選舉為國(guó)家總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子并且賣掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold為并列謂語，用and連接，所以都用一般過去時(shí)。

2021.1浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（體重指數(shù)）across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier??????1??????that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool??????2??????gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a??????3??????(person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25??????4??????(consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased??????5??????2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain??????6??????(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries??????7??????(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed??????8??????(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people??????9??????(live) in the countryside, including??????10??????(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lower
【解析】1 ：文章大意：介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于體重指數(shù)的研究，描述了不同時(shí)期城鄉(xiāng)體重指數(shù)的差異及其背后的原因?？疾檫B詞。句意：科學(xué)家人們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們?cè)絹碓脚至?，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象背后的原因是偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)人們體重指數(shù)的增加。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，是并列關(guān)系，故答案為and。
2 ：考查關(guān)系代詞。句意：BMI是全球公認(rèn)的表示體重是否處于健康狀態(tài)的測(cè)量工具。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定語從句，先行詞為tool, 故答案為that/which。
3 ：考查名詞所有格。句意：BMI的計(jì)算方式是用人的體重?cái)?shù)（以千克為單位）除以身高數(shù)（以米為單位）的平方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)It is calculated by dividing a? (person) weight可知weight和person是從屬關(guān)系。故答案為person's。
4 ：考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：介于19-25的BMI數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a BMI of between 19 and 25?? (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做謂語，主語是單數(shù)，根據(jù)句意謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為被動(dòng)且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為 is considered。
5 ：考查介詞。句意：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1985-2017年間，男人和女人BMI的平均數(shù)值上升了2.1。increase by+數(shù)值表示增長(zhǎng)了多少，故答案為by。
6 ：考查系動(dòng)詞。句意：然而在城市里，女人增長(zhǎng)數(shù)值是1.3，男人增長(zhǎng)為1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主the gain是單數(shù)且該句陳述過去研究數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故答案為was。
7 ：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：1985年，這個(gè)國(guó)家3/4的城市里的被調(diào)查男女的BMI值比偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的男女?dāng)?shù)值高。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries的定語，動(dòng)詞分詞做定語與邏輯主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為 studied。
8 ：考查副詞。句意：30年后，很多國(guó)家的BMI數(shù)值的城鄉(xiāng)差異急劇下降。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知the BMI difference… had narrowed?? (sharp). 修飾動(dòng)詞narrow要用副詞，故答案為 sharply。
9 ：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這可能是因?yàn)樽≡卩l(xiāng)村的人們的條件不好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 live in the countryside是people的后置定語，動(dòng)詞分詞作定語且live與邏輯主語people是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故答案為living。
10 ：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：鄉(xiāng)下的人條件差一些，包括更低的收入和教育水平，更高的健康食物花銷和更少的體育設(shè)施。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知levels of income and education與higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列關(guān)系，前后結(jié)構(gòu)要一致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容詞比較級(jí)，故答案為lower。


三、模擬演練
1.（廣東省珠海市第二中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三月考）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入 1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, 36． Canadian who worked as a physical education instructor at the Springfield College.
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were 37． (willing) to do outdoor activities. Naismith determined that a fast-moving game 38． could be played indoors would fill the empty afternoons after the baseball and football seasons had ended. First he tried to change outdoor games such as soccer to indoor play, but he soon found them unsuitable for small 39． (area). In December of 1891, Naismith hung two old peach baskets at either end of the gym at the school, and, using a soccer ball and nine players on each side, 40． (organize) the first basketball game. The early rules allowed three points for each basket and banned 41． (run) with the ball.
Five years later, a championship was 42． (success) held in New York City. 43． that time, the team had been reduced to seven players, and five became standard in the 1897 season.
44． basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games, it quickly spread throughout the world. In 1906, a metal ring was used 45． (replace) the basket for the first time, but the name basketball has remained.

【答案】
36．a(chǎn)
37．unwilling
38．which/that
39．a(chǎn)reas
40．organized
41．running
42．successfully
43．By
44．When/After
45．to replace
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是加拿大人奈史密斯博士發(fā)明籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)的故事。
36．考查冠詞。句意：籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)是由加拿大人奈史密斯博士發(fā)明的，他曾在斯普林菲爾德學(xué)院擔(dān)任體育教練。Canadian是加拿大人，是可數(shù)名詞，且表示泛指，因此前面需加不定冠詞，Canadian是輔音音素開頭，因此不定冠詞用a，故填a。
37．考查形容詞。句意：新英格蘭的冬天非常寒冷，學(xué)生們不愿意做戶外活動(dòng)。由“The New England winters were very cold”可知，新英格蘭的冬天非常寒冷，學(xué)生們不愿意做戶外活動(dòng)，因此空格處是“不愿意的”，即unwilling，故填unwilling。
38．考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：奈史密斯認(rèn)為，棒球和足球賽季結(jié)束后，一場(chǎng)可以在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行的快節(jié)奏比賽可以填補(bǔ)下午的空余時(shí)間。分析可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞game是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which/that。故填which/that。
39．考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：起初，他試圖將足球等戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)改為室內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)，但很快發(fā)現(xiàn)這些運(yùn)動(dòng)不適合小范圍運(yùn)動(dòng)。area意為“區(qū)域”，是可數(shù)名詞，前面無冠詞，因此空格處用復(fù)數(shù)，故填areas。
40．考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：1891年12月，奈史密斯在學(xué)校體育館的兩端掛了兩個(gè)舊的桃子籃，用一個(gè)足球，兩邊各有9名隊(duì)員，組織了第一場(chǎng)籃球比賽。分析可知，空格處和hung時(shí)態(tài)并列，hung是過去式，因此空格處用過去式organized，故填organized。
41．考查動(dòng)名詞和固定短語。句意：早期的規(guī)則是每個(gè)籃筐得三分，禁止帶球跑動(dòng)。ban doing sth.是固定短語，意為“禁止做某事”，因此空格處用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故填running。
42．考查副詞。句意：五年后，在紐約成功地舉辦了一次錦標(biāo)賽?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾動(dòng)詞held，success的副詞是successfully，意為“成功地”，故填successfully。
43．考查介詞。句意：到那時(shí)前，球隊(duì)已經(jīng)縮減到7名球員，在1897年賽季，5名球員成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。had been reduced是過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此句子表示“到那時(shí)，球隊(duì)已經(jīng)縮減到7名球員”，“到某時(shí)前”用“介詞by+某個(gè)具體時(shí)間 ”，因此空格處是介詞by，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填By。
44．考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)籃球首次出現(xiàn)在1904年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上后，它迅速傳遍了全世界。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“當(dāng)籃球首次出現(xiàn)在1904年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上后，它迅速傳遍了全世界”，因此空格處可以是“當(dāng)......的時(shí)候”或“在......之后 ”，即when/after，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填When/After。
45．考查不定式和固定短語。句意：1906年，一個(gè)金屬環(huán)第一次被用來代替籃筐，但籃球這個(gè)名字一直保留下來。由“a metal ring was used”和(replace) the basket可知，句子表示“一個(gè)金屬環(huán)第一次被用來代替籃筐”，句中用固定短語sth. be used to do sth.，意為“某物被用來做某事”，因此空格處用不定式表目的，故填to replace。
2.（廣東省普通高中2021-2022學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢）
One Direction was one of the most popular bands, and it was made up of five artists. After years of breaking records, the band started to slow down. In early 2015, it 36． (announce) on Facebook that Zayn Malik, one of the members, would be leaving the band. In his first interview after leaving the band, Zayn Malik said that the reason why he left was 37． it didn't fit his style. And he said he “never 38． (true) spoke to Harry”, his former bandmate and that he had never been under the 39． (impress) they would keep in touch after Malik left the band. “Our relationships 40． (change) since we were in a band together, but I think that's just life,” said Malik. This came as 41． surprise to fans because in the Facebook post announcing his departure, Malik wrote that he had “four friends for life”. In contrast to the pop music of One Direction known for 42． (produce), Malik shared an R&B album in 2016 and his 43． (late) album Nobody Is Listening, in 2021.
Speaking with Vogue UK, he referred 44． One Direction as a “machine”. He discussed the band's sudden rise to fame and busy touring 45． (schedule) by saying, “I wasn't really ever able to enjoy the experience. The machine had gone too fast.”

【答案】
36．was announced
37．that
38．truly
39．impression
40．have changed
41．a(chǎn)
42．producing
43．latest
44．to
45．schedules
【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹了21世紀(jì)紅極一時(shí)的“單向組合”樂隊(duì)里的澤恩?馬利克離隊(duì)的原因。
36．考查時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：2015年初，樂隊(duì)在Facebook上宣布成員之一澤恩·馬利克(Zayn Malik)將離開樂隊(duì)。所填詞與句子主語it之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In early 2015可知，此處需要用一般過去時(shí)，表過去發(fā)生的事情，因此空格處用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語it是單數(shù)，因此空格處是was announced，故填was announced。
37．考查表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：澤恩·馬利克(Zayn Malik)在離開樂隊(duì)后的第一次采訪中表示，他離開樂隊(duì)的原因是這并不符合他的風(fēng)格。that引導(dǎo)表語從句，the reason why...is that...意為“為什么……的原因是”。故填that。
38．考查副詞。句意：他說，他“從未真正和前樂隊(duì)成員哈里說過話”，他也從未覺得在馬利克離開樂隊(duì)后他們還會(huì)保持聯(lián)系。此處需要用副詞作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞speak，true的副詞是truly，意為“真正地”，故填truly。
39．考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他說，他“從未真正和前樂隊(duì)成員哈里說過話”，他也從未覺得在馬利克離開樂隊(duì)后他們還會(huì)保持聯(lián)系。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞可知，此處需要用名詞作介詞under的賓語。under the impression意為“在印象中”。故填impression。
40．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：馬利克說:“自從我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)樂隊(duì)里之后，我們的感情就變了，但我認(rèn)為這就是生活?！焙衧ince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，主語relationships是復(fù)數(shù)，因此空格處是have changed。故填have changed。
41．考查冠詞。句意：這讓粉絲們感到意外，因?yàn)樵谛妓x開的臉書帖子中，馬利克寫道，他有“四個(gè)終身好友”。surprise在此用作可數(shù)名詞，a surprise意為“一件令人驚訝的事情”。故填a。
42．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：與以制作聞名的單向樂隊(duì)(One Direction)的流行音樂不同，馬利克在2016年分享了一張R&B專輯，在2021年分享了最新專輯《Nobody Is Listening》。for是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填producing。
43．考查最高級(jí)。句意：與以制作聞名的單向樂隊(duì)(One Direction)的流行音樂不同，馬利克在2016年分享了一張R&B專輯，在2021年分享了最新專輯《Nobody Is Listening》。此處是形容詞作定語，由in 2021可知，《Nobody Is Listening》是他的最新專輯，因此空格處是“最新的”，是latest，故填latest。
44．考查介詞。句意：在接受《Vogue》英國(guó)版采訪時(shí)，他將單向樂隊(duì)稱為“機(jī)器”。refer to...as意為“把……稱為……”。故填to。
45．考查名詞。句意：在談到樂隊(duì)的突然崛起和繁忙的巡演日程時(shí)，他說:“我從來沒有真正享受過這種經(jīng)歷?！眘chedule是可數(shù)名詞，前面無冠詞，因此空格處用復(fù)數(shù)，故填schedules。
3.（福建省寧化第一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三月考）
How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic? China, as the world's most populous country, will launch its seventh 36． ( nation) census (人口普查) on November 1.
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census 37． (worker) spread out across the country, 38． ( collect) names, ID numbers, gender, marital details, as well as education and professional information.
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also 39． ( recommend) using cell phones and other digital tools 40． (declare) personal and family information.
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey 41． (find) the population had increased from 1.29 billion to 1.37 billion. Last year, the country's birthrate hit its 42． (low) level since the founding of the People's Republic 43． 1949. The statistics also revealed that more than 250 million Chinese were over 60 years old last year, 44． make up more than 18% of the population. The figure is forecast to rise to a third of the population by 2050 — or 480 million people.
This year's census may even show a decrease in 45． total size of the population for the first time in decades, setting the stage for India to overtake China as the world's most populous country.

【答案】
36．national
37．workers
38．collecting
39．be recommended
40．to declare
41．found
42．lowest
43．in
44．who
45．the
【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。作為世界上人口最多的國(guó)家，中國(guó)將于11月1日啟動(dòng)第七次全國(guó)人口普查。
36．考查形容詞。句意：作為世界上人口最多的國(guó)家，中國(guó)將于11月1日啟動(dòng)第七次全國(guó)人口普查。修飾名詞census應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。形容詞national意為“國(guó)家的”。故填national。
37．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，在這項(xiàng)龐大的工程中，將有大約700萬人口普查工作人員分布在全國(guó)各地，收集姓名、身份證號(hào)碼、性別、婚姻細(xì)節(jié)以及教育和專業(yè)信息。根據(jù)“7 million”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填workers。
38．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)新華社報(bào)道，在這項(xiàng)龐大的工程中，將有大約700萬人口普查工作人員分布在全國(guó)各地，收集姓名、身份證號(hào)碼、性別、婚姻細(xì)節(jié)以及教育和專業(yè)信息。動(dòng)詞collect意為“收集”，和謂語之間沒有連詞，和邏輯主語workers構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填collecting。
39．考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：除了傳統(tǒng)的方法，市民也將被建議使用手機(jī)和其他數(shù)字工具來申報(bào)個(gè)人和家庭信息。動(dòng)詞recommend意為“建議，推薦”，和主語citizens構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填be recommended。
40．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：除了傳統(tǒng)的方法，市民也將被建議使用手機(jī)和其他數(shù)字工具來申報(bào)個(gè)人和家庭信息。使用手機(jī)和其他數(shù)字工具是為了申報(bào)個(gè)人和家庭信息，所以應(yīng)用to do不定式表目的。故填to declare。
41．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：最近一次調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，人口從12.9億增加到13.7億。根據(jù)The last survey可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填found。
42．考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：去年，中國(guó)的出生率降到了1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來的最低水平。根據(jù)“since the founding of the People's Republic”可知，此處是指1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來的最低水平，所以應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞level。故填lowest。
43．考查介詞。句意：去年，中國(guó)的出生率降到了1949年中華人民共和國(guó)成立以來的最低水平。表示在某一年應(yīng)用介詞in。故填in。
44．考查定語從句。句意：統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，去年中國(guó)60歲以上人口超過2.5億，占總?cè)丝诘?8%以上。在非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，先行詞為more than 250 million Chinese，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
45．考查定冠詞。句意：今年的人口普查甚至可能顯示，人口總數(shù)幾十年來首次出現(xiàn)下降，為印度超越中國(guó)成為世界上人口最多的國(guó)家奠定了基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)of the population可知，此處為特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。
4.（福建省三明市第二中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三月考）
A group of researchers and scientists from China and other countries are working together to help increase 36． (appreciate) of China’s ancient cultural heritage. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the Magao Caves, 37． were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China’s ancient history. Nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs 38． (produce) since the international project started in 1994.
The Magao Caves have long been 39． meeting point for different cultures. Today, the caves are just as international as they 40． (be) at the time when people travelled the Silk Road. Tourists from all over the world visit Dunhuang to see the caves, and the Getty Museum in Los Angeles has even reproduced a copy of the caves and paintings for people 41． (admire) in America.
By42． (share) so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even 43． (wide) interest around the world in China’s ancient history, culture, and traditions. They also hope to further educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future 44． (generation) to understand and appreciate. As one researcher who is working 45． the project explains, “Appreciating the cultural heritage is very important for international communication and understanding.”

【答案】
36．a(chǎn)ppreciation
37．which
38．have been produced
39．a(chǎn)
40．were
41．to admire
42．sharing
43．wider
44．generations
45．on
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了莫高窟文物數(shù)字圖像采集工作的進(jìn)程、歷史重要性以及采集來的數(shù)字圖像的用途。
36．考查名詞。動(dòng)詞increase后接名詞形式作賓語。故填appreciation。
37．考查定語從句。分析句子可知，這是非限定性定語從句。先行詞為the Magao Caves，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
38．考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自從1994年這個(gè)國(guó)際項(xiàng)目開始后，大約已經(jīng)生成五十萬份高質(zhì)量的數(shù)字影像。由時(shí)間狀語since可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語digital photographs與produce之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。且主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填have been produced。
39．考查冠詞。名詞point為可數(shù)名詞，且前面的meeting是以輔音音素發(fā)音開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。a meeting point表示“一個(gè)交集點(diǎn)”。故填a。
40．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在這些石窟就像當(dāng)年人們走絲綢之路時(shí)一樣具有國(guó)際性。根據(jù)“at the time when people travelled the Silk Road.”可知用一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)主語they可知，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。
41．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：世界各地的游客來敦煌看石窟，洛杉磯蓋蒂博物館復(fù)制了這些石窟和畫，讓人們?cè)诿绹?guó)就可以欣賞。這里用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for sb. to do sth.作定語，修飾名詞copy。 故填to admire。
42．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞形式。故填sharing。
43．考查形容詞比較級(jí)?？崭裎挥诿~前，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。even修飾形容詞的比較級(jí),再根據(jù)句意“該組織希望能在世界范圍內(nèi)引起人們對(duì)中國(guó)古代歷史的更廣泛興趣”。故填wider。
44．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他們還希望進(jìn)一步教育人們保護(hù)歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)的重要性，讓子孫后代了解和欣賞。名詞generation為可數(shù)名詞，且前無冠詞，所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指。故填generations。
45．考查介詞。句意：一位從事該項(xiàng)目的研究人員解釋說，“欣賞文化遺產(chǎn)對(duì)國(guó)際交流和理解非常重要?！倍陶Zwork on從事于……。故填on。
5.（福建師大附中2021-2022學(xué)年高三月考）
China’s now-famous herd of 14 elephants is approaching their 48．(origin) habitat in the southwestern province of Yunnan after traveling southward for days.
The elephants have spent the last five days 49．(wander) and foraging(覓食) in Yuanjiang County of Yuxi City in Yunnan. Drones(無人機(jī)) have been used to track the herd’s movements in the region. On Thursday afternoon, the elephants left a field 50． they were foraging and headed into the forest. Both drones and ground search methods were used by a monitoring team to locate the elephants within two hours.
The herd’s return journey is expected 51．(accelerate) by lower temperatures in autumn, according to experts. Since setting 52． last year, the elephants 53．(travel) northward about 500 kilometers and arrived at the suburbs of the provincial capital Kunming on June 2.
The herd couldn’t have crossed the Yuanjiang River without help as the water level rises in the rainy season. Chinese 54．(authority) have sent police to protect the herd, clear roads to facilitate their passage, and used food to distract them from entering 55．(heavy) populated areas during their journey.
Asian elephants are primarily found in Yunnan and are 56． A-level state protection in China. With the protection efforts 57．(strength), the wild elephant population in the province has grown to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s.

【答案】
48．original
49．wandering
50．where
51．to be accelerated
52．off/out
53．had travelled
54．a(chǎn)uthorities
55．heavily
56．under
57．strengthened
【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要講述一群大象正在接近他們?cè)谠颇鲜〉奈髂系貐^(qū)的原始的棲息所并描述了對(duì)野生大象的相關(guān)的保護(hù)工作。
48．考查形容詞。句意：中國(guó)現(xiàn)在比較著名的14頭大象群在向南旅行了幾天后正在接近他們?cè)谠颇鲜〉奈髂系貐^(qū)的原始的棲息所。分析句子成分可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾名詞habitat，origin的形容詞形式為original。故填original。
49．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：這些大象已經(jīng)花了5天時(shí)間在云南省玉溪市沅江地區(qū)徘徊并覓食。分析句子成分可知，空格處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，spend time doing sth.表示“花時(shí)間做某事”，所以應(yīng)填wandering。故填wandering。
50．考查定語從句。句意：周四下午，大象離開了覓食的地方，進(jìn)入了森林。分析句子成分可知，field作先行詞，空格處應(yīng)填定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且從句中缺少狀語，所以應(yīng)填where。故填where。
51．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：專家稱，預(yù)計(jì)秋季較低的氣溫將加速這群大象的返程之旅。分析句子成分可知，空格處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞，be expected to do sth./to be done表示“預(yù)計(jì)將會(huì)……”，根據(jù)空格后by以及句意可知，此處為被動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)填to be accelerated。故填to be accelerated。
52．考查副詞。句意：從去年出發(fā)開始，這群大象已經(jīng)向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二號(hào)到達(dá)了省會(huì)城市昆明的郊區(qū)。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處應(yīng)填副詞，set out/off均可表示“出發(fā)”。故填out/off。
53．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：從去年出發(fā)開始，這群大象已經(jīng)向北旅行了五百公里并在六月二號(hào)到達(dá)了省會(huì)城市昆明的郊區(qū)。根據(jù)所給時(shí)間狀語以及句意可知，大象從去年出發(fā)到六月二號(hào)為止已經(jīng)旅行了500公里，所以應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，所以應(yīng)填had travelled。故填had travelled。
54．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：中國(guó)政府部門已經(jīng)派警察去保護(hù)這些大象，清理道路方便他們通行，并在他們旅行的過程中用食物分散他們的注意力，不讓他們進(jìn)入人口稠密的地區(qū)。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞作主語，結(jié)合謂語動(dòng)詞have sent可知，主語應(yīng)為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以應(yīng)填authorities。故填authorities。
55．考查副詞。句意：中國(guó)政府部門已經(jīng)派警察去保護(hù)這些大象，清理道路方便他們通行，并在他們旅行的過程中用食物分散他們的注意力，不讓他們進(jìn)入人口稠密的地區(qū)。分析句子成分可知，空格處應(yīng)填副詞來修飾形容詞populated，所以應(yīng)填heavily。故填heavily。
56．考查介詞。句意：亞洲象群最早在云南地區(qū)被發(fā)現(xiàn)并且處于中國(guó)A級(jí)國(guó)家保護(hù)狀態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)填介詞，under protection表示“處于保護(hù)中”，所以應(yīng)填介詞under。故填under。
57．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著保護(hù)工作的加強(qiáng)，這個(gè)省的野生大象的數(shù)量已經(jīng)從20世紀(jì)80年代的193頭增長(zhǎng)到了大約300頭。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查with+賓語+補(bǔ)足語，且補(bǔ)足語與賓語之間的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)填strengthened。故填strengthened。
6.（河北省石家莊市二中2021-2022學(xué)年高三月考）
World Animal Day is an International day with 36． purpose of awakening people's love for animals. Besides, it is a social movement 37． (charge) with the mission of raising animals' status to improve welfare standards around the globe. Given the role 38． animals play in human beings' 39． (survive) and development, caring for animals has become an essential part of environmental protection work.
World Animal Day coincides with the feast of Saint Francis of Assisi, the advocate of ecology, including animals. 40． his honor, the day was chosen as World Animal Day, and 41． (vary) kinds of commemorative 42． (activity) were held around the world. China has been marking World Animal Day nationwide since 1997.
At present, the extinction rate of global species 43． (accelerate) as never before. A report issued by the World Wildlife Fund (WFF) on September 10 showed that the natural environment had been 44． (severe) damaged. From 1970 to 2016, the global wild species population decreased by two-thirds on average, 45． the global vertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物) population decreased by 68% on average.
Now it is high time that we took action to protect our friends animals. After all, to save them means to save ourselves.

【答案】
36．the
37．charging
38．of
39．survival
40．In
41．various
42．a(chǎn)ctivities
43．is accelerating
44．severely
45．while
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界動(dòng)物日以及現(xiàn)在動(dòng)物所面臨的危險(xiǎn)，最后作者建議采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)我們的動(dòng)物朋友。
36．考查冠詞。句意：世界動(dòng)物日是一個(gè)旨在喚醒人們對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛的國(guó)際日。the purpose of是......的目的，特指“喚醒人們對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛”。故填the。
37．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：此外，這是一項(xiàng)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，旨在提高動(dòng)物的地位，以提高全球的福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處所在部分是做前面的名詞movement 的后置定語，與該名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此使用charge的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填charging。
38．考查介詞。句意：鑒于動(dòng)物在人類生存和發(fā)展中的作用，關(guān)愛動(dòng)物已成為環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的重要組成部分。play the role of擔(dān)任......角色，是個(gè)固定短語，此處是把role前置。故填of。
39．考查名詞。句意同上。and連接兩個(gè)并列成分，根據(jù)and后的名詞development可知，此處需要用名詞survival與development構(gòu)成并列賓語。故填survival。
40．考查介詞。句意：為了紀(jì)念他，這一天被定為世界動(dòng)物日，世界各地舉行了各種紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。自1997年以來，中國(guó)一直在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)慶祝世界動(dòng)物日。in one's honor為紀(jì)念，這是個(gè)固定短語，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)n。
41．考查形容詞。句意：為了紀(jì)念他，這一天被定為世界動(dòng)物日，世界各地舉行了各種紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。自1997年以來，中國(guó)一直在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)慶祝世界動(dòng)物日。設(shè)空處所給名詞是修飾后面的名詞kinds，因此使用其形容詞形式。故填various。
42．考查名詞。為了紀(jì)念他，這一天被定為世界動(dòng)物日，世界各地舉行了各種紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。自1997年以來，中國(guó)一直在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)慶祝世界動(dòng)物日。根據(jù)空后的were可知，主語使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。
43．考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：目前，全球物種的滅絕速度正以前所未有的速度加快。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語At present可知，使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be doing，主語是the extinction rate of global species ，因此用is doing。故填is accelerating。
44．考查副詞。句意：世界自然基金會(huì)9月10日發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，自然環(huán)境遭到了嚴(yán)重破壞。所給詞是修飾后面的動(dòng)詞damage，因此使用副詞形式。故填severely。
45．考查連詞。句意：從1970年到2016年，全球野生物種數(shù)量平均減少了三分之二，全球脊椎動(dòng)物數(shù)量平均減少了68%。分析句子可知，前后兩個(gè)句子是并列關(guān)系，表示對(duì)比，因此用 while連接。故填while。

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