
?專題20 語法填空之無提示詞(解析版)
在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白,部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。
語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運用,強調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時強調(diào)語篇分析能力,凸顯交際性和語境化特征。
無提示詞的空處一般考查的是介、冠、連、代(代詞也有可能給提示詞)。
一、無提示詞解題思維導圖
“無提示詞類”解題攻略
(一)高頻考點之一:填介詞
解題
攻略
當名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時,其前面一般是填介詞。對介詞的考查通常側(cè)重于固定搭配中的介詞及常見介詞的習慣用法。
舉例1
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
分析:search for是固定搭配,表示“尋找”,此處指“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。故填for。
舉例2
It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____ work.
分析:travel to and from work表示“上下班”,故填from。
(二)高頻考點之二:填冠詞
解題
攻略
當空格后有名詞而且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含義,或者空格處修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級、表示特指意義的比較級等形式時,那么空格處一般是填冠詞。有時還考查冠詞在一些固定搭配中的用法。
舉例3
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
分析:句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。特指在過去的25年里。故填定冠詞the。
舉例4
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____ top of her lungs.
分析:固定短語at the top of“在……的頂部”,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。
(三)高頻考點之三:填從屬關聯(lián)詞
解題
攻略
當空格前后為兩個句子,且其中一個句子在另一句中充當某一句子成分時,空格處應填從屬關聯(lián)詞。一般情況下,考查的是定語從句的關聯(lián)詞,有時也考查名詞性從句或狀語從句的關聯(lián)詞。
舉例5
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ____ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
分析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞a study,并在定語從句中作主語,故填that/which。
舉例6
Over time, ____ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
分析:根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導時間狀語從句,表示“隨著”或“當……時候”,故填as/when。
(四)低頻考點:填并列連詞
解題攻略
當空格前后是同一層次并具有相同句法功能的詞、短語或句子時,空格處一般是填并列連詞。
舉例7
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water ____ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.
分析:根據(jù)比較級less可知,此處將玉米和水稻用水量進行比較,需填連詞,故填than。
二、高考真題分項演練
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is??????10??????must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,must 為名詞,表示?"必須的事"?,所以前應用冠詞,且無特指。故填a。
2.(2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in??????9??????(I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代詞。根據(jù)提示詞可知,句意為:這首歌必定會留在我的記憶中。句中it指代the song, does指代動詞sticks,空格處應指 my memory, 為了避免重復,用名詞性物主代詞來代替 "形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞"。故填mine。
3.(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)It took us about 3 hours to go all??????8??????way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。 all the way 為固定搭配,意為 "自始自終,一路上" 。故填the。
4.(2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空)Due to??????5??????growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types?of?trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞??崭裉幩钤~與空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的賓語,構(gòu)成the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意:因為與環(huán)境相關的且有冒險性的旅行越來越流行……。故填the。
5.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空)??????9??????Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞the,the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的復數(shù),表示一家人。句意:林肯一家人在1856年把房子擴建為一棟二樓,以滿足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的家人的需求。
6.(2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空)It was built originally to protect the city??????2??????the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修復).
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介詞。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段時間,故填 in。
7.(2021.6全國乙卷 語法填空)Due to?the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types??????6??????trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)空格前后為名詞并具有所屬關系。句意:……各種各樣的旅行被歸類于生態(tài)旅行。故填of。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased??????5??????2.1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介詞。句意:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)1985-2017年間,男人和女人BMI的平均數(shù)值上升了2.1。increase by+數(shù)值表示增長了多少,故答案為by。
9.(2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空) In 1844 they bought it??????2??????$ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser...
【答案】for
【解析】考查介詞。buy sth. for +價格,表示以什么價格購買某物。句意:1844年,他們以1200美元的價格購買了這個房子和一些地。
10.(2020·新課標II卷語法填空)Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短語。句意:桔子樹不僅僅是裝飾品;more than不僅僅,不只是。故填than。
11.(2020·新課標III卷語法填空)The artist was finally humbled (謙卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介詞。句意:這位藝術家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術家——大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示“在世界上”短語為on earth。故填on。
12.(2020·山東卷語法填空)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for,意為“為了……競爭”。故填for。
13.(2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空)
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool??????2??????gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that 或 which
【解析】考查關系代詞。句意:BMI是全球公認的表示體重是否處于健康狀態(tài)的測量工具。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool的定語從句,先行詞為tool, 故答案為that/which。
14. (2020新課標Ⅲ卷高考真題)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應用關系代詞whose。故填whose。
15.【2019·新課標II卷·語法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,先行詞為the pet shop,在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語,故用which。
16.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定語從句。句意:它們被他們的主人訓練地很好,它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗。先行詞為masters(主人),且從句缺主語。故關系詞填who。
17..【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句,先行詞是cloth,指物,從句中缺少主語,因此,可以用that或which引導。故填that/which。
18.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:學生在大學里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大學)更重要。這里表達去哪所大學,表示地點,作狀語。故用where。
三、高考真題綜合演練
2021.6新高考一卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".??????1??????is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we??????2??????(human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will??????3??????(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the??????4??????(hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us??????5??????(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it??????6??????(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure??????7??????offers a place where you can sit down to rest your??????8??????(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in??????9??????(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is??????10??????must to visit!
【答案】What ; humans ; undoubtedly ; hotter ; astonished ; was ; and ; aching ; mine ; a
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,去游覽黃山時,作者想起甲殼蟲樂隊的流行歌曲《蜿蜒長路》,這條漫長而曲折的道路永遠留在游客的記憶中。
【解析】1: 考查名詞性從句。分析題目,空格處無提示詞。分子句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主語,為主語從句。從句中缺少主語,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
2: 考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處所填詞應該作 we 的同位語,故應該填名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填humans。
3: 考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格所填詞應該修飾動詞help,故應用副詞形式。Undoubted 變副詞,直接在詞尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
4: 考查形容詞比較級。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處考查 the more… the more… 的固定用法;所以空格處應填形容詞的比較級。故填hotter。
5: 考查非謂語動詞。此句中含有?"leave sb./sth. + adj."?結(jié)構(gòu), 表示?"使……處于某種狀態(tài)"?。因為賓語us與動詞astonish為被動關系,此處應該過去分詞形容詞astonished作賓語補足語,說明人的感受,意為?"感到吃驚的"。故填astonished。
6: 考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應該填謂語動詞。根據(jù)空后的提示詞then可知,表示當時的情況,故此處謂語動詞應用一般過去時;從句主語為it,是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was。
7: 考查并列連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,兩個謂語動詞highlights和offers之間缺少連接詞進行連接;同時,兩個動作間為并列關系,所以應填并列連詞。故填and。
8: 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,因為名詞legs與動詞ache為主動關系,所以此處應該填現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾 legs。故填aching。
9: 考查代詞。根據(jù)提示詞可知,句意為:這首歌必定會留在我的記憶中。句中it指代the song, does指代動詞sticks,空格處應指 my memory, 為了避免重復,用名詞性物主代詞來代替 "形容詞性物主代詞 + 名詞"。故填mine。
10: 考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,must 為名詞,表示?"必須的事"?,所以前應用冠詞,且無特指。故填a。
2020.7海南卷
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders??????1??????(begin) computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop??????2??????(education) computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a??????3??????(require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most??????4??????(profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes??????5??????aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores??????6??????wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems,??????7??????discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics??????8??????(be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers??????9??????(encourage) to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of??????10??????(we) Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】to begin ; educational ; requirement ; professions ; that 或 which ; a ; and ; is ; are encouraged ; our
【解析】1 :本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《數(shù)字世界》叢書的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。考查非謂語動詞。句意:如今, 10到12歲的孩子發(fā)布自己的網(wǎng)站,二年級和三年級學生開始上計算機課,這些都很常見,本題考查'lt is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)it作形式主語,真正的主語為不定式,故答案為:to begin。
2 :考查形容詞。句意:與此同時,電腦游戲越來越受歡迎,主要出版社繼續(xù)為學前兒童開發(fā)教育電腦程序。修飾名詞computer programs,前用形容詞形式,故答案為:educational。
3 :考查名詞,句意:此外,在日益數(shù)字化的世界中,技術知識已成為大多數(shù)工作的必備條件,因為計算機已成為大多數(shù)職業(yè)的通用工具,動詞become后接名詞作賓語,根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可知,用名詞的單數(shù)形式,故答案為:requirement。
4 :考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:此外,在日益數(shù)字化的世界中,技術知識已成為大多數(shù)工作的必備條件,因為計算機已成為大多數(shù)職業(yè)的通用工具。名詞profession為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)前面的most修飾可知用復數(shù)形式,故答案為:professions。
5 :考查定語從句。句意:《數(shù)字世界》是一套旨在描述數(shù)字系統(tǒng)如何影響社會并幫助讀者理解數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)及其眾多交互部分的叢書。句中先行詞為volumes,在定語從句中作主語,所以用關系代詞which或that引導,故答案為:that/which。
6 :考查冠詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應用的基本概念,并討論了他們對日常生活的影響,a range of一套,一系列,wide是以輔音音來發(fā)音開頭,所以用不定冠詞a。故答案為:a。
7 :考查連詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應用的基本概念,并討論了他們對日常生活的影響,前后句為并列關系,所以用連詞and,故答案為:and。
8 :考查主謂一致。句意:因為可能的主題的數(shù)量幾乎是無限的,所以我們關注最有趣和最有用的應用程序和工具的一個示例,并解釋技術的基本原理。 the number of….數(shù)量,后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)文章中的時態(tài)可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時,故答案為:is。
9 :考查語態(tài),句意:我們鼓勵讀者繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界,并在每一卷的參考資料部分提供指導。主語Readers與encourage之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)文章中的時態(tài)可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時,故答案為:are encouraged。
10 :考查代詞。句意:我們鼓勵讀者繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界,并在每一卷的參考資料部分提供指導。修飾名詞Further Resourcessection,前用形容詞性物主代詞。故答案為:our。
2020浙江卷7月
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived??????1??????, through agriculture. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on??????2??????could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person??????3??????hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food??????4??????(need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology??????5??????(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC, people??????6??????(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with the??????7??????(season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas,??????8??????(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with??????9??????rise of science, changes began. New methods??????10??????(mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【答案】:in ; what ; than ; was needed ; to change ; had discovered ; seasons ; making ; the ; meant
解析:1.文章大意:文章講述了人類農(nóng)業(yè)文明的發(fā)展史??疾榻樵~。句意:公元前一萬年后的一段時間內(nèi),人們第一次真正地試圖通過農(nóng)業(yè)控制他們所居住的世界。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知they live in作the world的定語,live in the world居住在地球上,故填in。
2.考查名詞性從句。句意:幾千年來,他們開始越來越少地依賴于從野外狩獵或采集什么,而更多地依賴于他們飼養(yǎng)的動物和他們播種的莊稼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句為賓語從句該從句缺主語,根據(jù)句意可知表示……的東西,用what,故填what。
3.考查介詞。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產(chǎn)量更高。前面有more,此處進行比較,故填than。
4.考查被動語態(tài)和一般過去時。句意:出生的人口數(shù)越多,需要的食物也就越多。此處作謂語,食物和需要之間是被動關系,結(jié)合前面were,此處用被動語態(tài)的過去式,故填was needed。
5.考查非謂語動詞。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗到科技改變生活的力量。該句子謂語是gave,故change作非謂語,表示目的補充,用不定式,故填to change。
6.考查過去完成時。句意:到公元前6000年,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適合種植的農(nóng)作物和飼養(yǎng)的動物。By+過去的時間,截止到過去,所以用過去完成時。故填had discovered。
7.考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:后來,他們學會了與季節(jié)相適應,適時播種,在干旱地區(qū)利用每年的洪水灌溉農(nóng)田。結(jié)合句意,一年有四季,結(jié)合季節(jié)來播種,所以用復數(shù)。故填seasons。
8.考查非謂語動詞。句意:后來,他們學會了與季節(jié)相適應,適時播種,在干旱地區(qū)利用每年的洪水灌溉農(nóng)田。此處make沒有連詞并列,也不是從句謂語,故作非謂語。與and前的planting并列,故填making。
9.考查定冠詞。句意:隨著科技的崛起,改變就此發(fā)生。后面有of限定,故此處是指定的上升,用定冠詞the,故填the。
10.考查一般過去時。句意:新手段意味著在農(nóng)場工作的人減少了。此處作謂語,結(jié)合前一句話的began和本句話的worked,可知是一般過去時,陳述過去發(fā)生的事實或過去的看法評價,故填meant。
2020浙江卷1月
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median (中位數(shù)的)age of an American in 1950??????1??????(be)30—today it is 41 and is expected??????2??????(increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the??????3??????(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven??????4??????two factors. The first is declining birth races, which means old generations are larger??????5??????(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population become??????6??????(old)than before. This is??????7??????(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has??????8??????very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should??????9??????(place)on longevity(長壽). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier??????10??????more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】:was ; to increase ; numbers ; by ; compared ; older ; particularly ; a ; be placed ; and
解析:1.考查謂語動詞的變化。根據(jù)本句時間標志in 1950,可知這里為一般過去時。故答案:為was。
2.考查非謂語動詞和固定搭配。本句謂語為is expected,所以increase要用非謂語的形式。又根據(jù)固定搭配be expected to do,故答案:為to increase。
3.考查名詞復數(shù)。本句謂語為are,根據(jù)主謂一致原則,主語需要用復數(shù)形式。故答案:為numbers。
4.考查介詞。根據(jù)本句謂語為is driven被動語態(tài),譯為 "被驅(qū)使" ,可知后面的介詞為by。故答案:為by。
5.考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)本句…old generations are large句子已經(jīng)完整了,所以compare "相比" 要用非謂語的形式,compare和邏輯主語old generations之間為被動的關系,所以要用過去分詞done的形式。故答案:為compared。
6.考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)本句than可知該空為形容詞比較級。故答案:為older。
7.考查副詞詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)本句This is true in the USA, 句子已經(jīng)完整了,應填入副詞,所以形容詞particular需要轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞particularly。故答案:為particularly。
8.考查冠詞。第一次出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)名詞前需要加不定冠詞,又very為輔音音素開頭。故答案:為a。
9.考查謂語動詞的變化。根據(jù)本句主語attention,與本句謂語place之間為被動的關系,所以需要用被動語態(tài)be done的形式。又前面有個情態(tài)動詞should,其后應加動詞原形。故答案:為be placed。
10.考查連詞。根據(jù)本空前后都為形容詞的比較級,故這里應該填并列連詞。又因為healthier和more productive不存在轉(zhuǎn)折含義,為遞進關系。故答案:為and。
2020全國1卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—??????1??????(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side is??????2??????(extreme)challenging. Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot??????3??????it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular??????4??????(interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(環(huán)形山), more so??????5??????the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4??????6??????(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it??????7??????(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon??????8??????(construct)." Data about the moon's composition, such as how??????9??????ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether??????10??????(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
【答案】:touched ; extremely ; where ; interest ; than ; to find ; means ; is constructed ; much ; its
解析:1.本文主要講到的是中國的科學研究人員對于月球遠側(cè)的探索和研究??疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。句意:無人駕駛的嫦娥四號探測器——這個名字的靈感來自中國古代的一位月亮女神——上周降落在南極艾特肯盆地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess為插入語,句子中缺少謂語動詞。touch down著陸,降落,根據(jù)時間狀語last week可知需要用一般過去時態(tài),所以可知【答案】:為touched。
2.考查副詞。句意:在月球的遠側(cè)著陸是極具挑戰(zhàn)性的。修飾形容詞challenging,需要用副詞形式,extreme為形容詞,非常的,尤其的。副詞形式為extremely。所以可知【答案】:為extremely。
3.考查定語從句。句意:由于月球的身體阻礙了與探測器的直接無線電通信,中國首先必須將一顆衛(wèi)星送入月球上方的軌道,在那里它可以向航天器和地球發(fā)送信號。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本句為定語從句,先行詞為spot,在從句中做地點狀語,需要用關系副詞,所以可知【答案】:為where。
4.考查名詞。句意:科學家們對月球的遠側(cè)特別感興趣,因為它有很多很深的隕石坑,比我們熟悉的近側(cè)更多。be of+名詞=be+形容詞,interesting形容詞,有趣的,名詞形式為interest,所以可知【答案】:為interest。
5.考查介詞。句意:科學家們對月球的遠側(cè)特別感興趣,因為它有很多很深的隕石坑,比我們熟悉的近側(cè)更多。根據(jù)句意可知本句為比較級,對月球的近側(cè)和遠側(cè)做比較,需要用介詞than表示比較,所以可知【答案】:為than。
6.考查非謂語動詞。句意:中國研究人員希望利用嫦娥四號上的儀器來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地的區(qū)域。根據(jù)句意可知空格處表示目的,需要用不定式形式,所以可知【答案】:為to find。
7.考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:因為這意味著我們有機會獲得有關月球是如何構(gòu)成的信息。根據(jù)從句中的動詞have,可知是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主語為it,謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,所以可知【答案】:為means。
8.考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:因為這意味著我們有機會獲得有關月球是如何構(gòu)成的信息。construct和主語the moon之間為被動關系,需要用被動語態(tài),根據(jù)句意可知需要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),所以可知【答案】:為is constructed。
9.考查名詞性從句的引導詞。句意:有關月球成分的數(shù)據(jù),如它含有多少冰和其他寶藏,可以幫助中國決定其未來月球基地的計劃是否可行。根據(jù)句意可知表示多少,ice為不可數(shù)名詞,需要用how much來修飾,所以可知【答案】:為much。
10.考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意:有關月球成分的數(shù)據(jù),如它含有多少冰和其他寶藏,可以幫助中國決定其未來月球基地的計劃是否可行。修飾名詞plans需要用形容詞性物主代詞,it為代詞,形容詞性物主代詞形式為its,所以可知【答案】:為its。
2020全國2卷
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a??????1??????(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers??????2??????(carry)special significance. They represent the earth??????3??????(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more??????4??????decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times??????5??????(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.??????6??????(certain)during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated??????7??????health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy??????8??????(care)for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The??????9??????(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are??????10??????first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】:celebration ; carries ; coming ; than ; decorated ; Certainly ; with ; to care ; beautiful ; the
解析:1.考查名詞。句意:中國新年是一個慶?;顒?,標志著冬季的結(jié)束和春天的開始。根據(jù)空格前的不定代詞a可知空格處需要用名詞形式,celebrate動詞,慶祝,名詞形式為celebration。所以【答案】:為celebration。
2.考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知從句中缺少謂語動詞,根據(jù)主從句時態(tài)一致可知從句中需要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主語為decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,動名詞做主語,謂語動詞需要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,所以【答案】:為carries。
3.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們代表著地球重新煥發(fā)生機,并對新的開始表示最美好的祝愿。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中已經(jīng)有謂語動詞represent,空格處需用非謂語動詞,come和the earth之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,所以需要用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動,所以【答案】:為coming。
4.考查介詞。句意:橘子樹不僅僅是裝飾品。more than固定搭配,表示不僅僅,所以【答案】:為than。
5.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們是很棒的禮物,你經(jīng)常會看到用紅包和好運的信息裝飾著的它們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處為非謂語動詞,decorate和them(橘子樹)之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞形式,所以【答案】:為decorated。
6.考查副詞。句意:當然在假期期間,這種植物是非常必要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處做狀語,需用副詞形式,certain形容詞,當然的,副詞形式為certainly。所以【答案】:為 Certainly。
7.考查介詞。句意:竹子植物與健康、富足和幸福的家園聯(lián)系在一起。be associated with…固定搭配,表示與……有關聯(lián)。所以【答案】:為with。
8.考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們很容易照顧,也很容易做成很棒的禮物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格前為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),當表語為easy, hard, difficult, light, heavy, cheap, dangerous等形容詞時,其后用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義,所以【答案】:為to care。
9.考查形容詞做定語。句意:美麗的長枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾,是很棒的裝飾品。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處做表語修飾名詞branches,需要用形容詞形式,beauty名詞,美麗,形容詞形式為beautiful。所以【答案】:為beautiful。
10.考查冠詞。句意:即使雪正在融化,梅樹也是最先開花的。序數(shù)詞first前需要用定冠詞the,所以【答案】:為the。
2020全國3卷
In ancient China lived an artist??????1??????paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(畫像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their??????2??????(fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would??????3??????(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with??????4??????(curious), the artist packed his bags and left.??????5??????he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(傳奇的) artist, they smiled and??????6??????(point)down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out??????7??????(find)the well-known painter. As the small boat moved,??????8??????(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds??????9??????(surround)the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(謙卑) by the greatest artist??????10??????earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】:whose ; finest ; be chosen ; curiosity ; When 或 As ; pointed ; to find ; gently ; surrounding ; on
解析:1.這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了一位畫家畫畫栩栩如生,有一天他將畫送給宰相時,這位睿智的老人告訴他去漓江旅行——也許他可以從世界上最偉大的藝術家那里學到一些東西。畫家最后發(fā)現(xiàn)這位世界上最偉大的藝術家就是大自然母親。
考查定語從句。句意:中國古代有一位畫家,他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist,且先行詞在從句中作定語,故應用關系代詞whose。故填whose。
2.考查最高級。句意:一天,皇帝想讓人給他畫一幅肖像,于是他把所有偉大的畫家都請來,展示他們最好的作品,以便他挑選最好的。結(jié)合句意,皇帝想要畫家最好的作品,表示"最好的"此處應用形容詞最高級finest。故填finest。
3.考查動詞語態(tài)。句意:畫家確信他會被選中,但是當他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時,這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動詞choose構(gòu)成被動關系,且would后跟動詞原形。故填be chosen。
4.考查名詞,句意:懷著好奇心,藝術家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞,后跟名詞curiosity作賓語,表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity。
5.考查連接詞。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。本句為時間狀語從句,表示"當……時候",且從句中動詞asked為短暫性動作動詞,不能用while引導,故應用when或as引導。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填When/As。
6.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:當他問河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術家時,他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應用一般過去時。故填pointed。
7.考查非謂語動詞。句意:第二天早上,他租了一條船,出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示"出發(fā)去做某事"短語為set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。
8.考查副詞。句意:當小船緩緩地沿著江面移動時,山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動詞moved應用副詞gently作狀語,表示"緩緩地"。故填gently。
9.考查非謂語動詞。句意:當他看到霧氣從河上升起,山頂上烏云環(huán)繞,他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the soft clouds ????????????(surround)the mountain tops是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語,surround在句中應用非謂語動詞形式,與邏輯主語clouds構(gòu)成主動關系,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrounding。
10.考查介詞。句意:這位藝術家最終被世界上最偉大的藝術家——大自然母親所折服。結(jié)合句意表示"在世界上"短語為on earth。故填on。
2020山東卷(新高考)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,? 1 ?(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big? 2 ?until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,? 3 (form) the core collection of the British Museum? 4 ?opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public? 5 ?(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection? 6 ?(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine? 7 ?(they) living at a different time in history or? 8 ?(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical? 9 ?(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete? 10 ?people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【答案】:1.wealthy 2.or 3.formed 4.which 或 that 5.are called 6.is 7.themselves
8.walking 9.accuracy 10.for
解析:1.考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀,富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術品。此處修飾名詞people,應使用形容詞作定語。故填wealthy。
2.考查連詞。句意:他們把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏變得太大或者自己去世,然后這些藏品被捐給一家博物館。根據(jù)語境可知,前后陳述的是兩種可能性,應使用連詞or,意為“或者”。故填or。
3.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:例如,漢斯·斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動詞,根據(jù)時間狀語in 1759可知,應使用一般過去時。故填formed。
4.考查定語從句。句意:例如,漢斯·斯隆爵士8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是限定性定語從句,先行詞是the British Museum,關系詞在從句中作主語,應使用關系代詞which/that引導。故填which/that。
5.考查動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀事實,應使用一般現(xiàn)在時;主語與call是邏輯上的動賓關系,應使用被動語態(tài),且主語是復數(shù)概念。故填are called。
6.考查主謂一致。句意:通常,博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實,應使用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語a small part of a museum's collection是單數(shù)概念,謂語動詞應使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
7.考查反身代詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors,意為“他們自己”,應使用反身代詞。故填themselves。
8.考查非謂語動詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分,共同作imagine的賓語補足語,imagine sb. doing sth.意為“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
9.考查名詞。句意:歷史的準確性很重要,但娛樂也很重要。此處作主語,位于形容詞Historical之后,應使用名詞,意為“歷史的準確性”。故填accuracy。
10.考查介詞。句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動競爭人們的業(yè)余時間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compete for,意為“為了……競爭”。故填for。
三、模擬演練
一、(山東省泰安2021屆高三模擬)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Drinking coffee could activate the body’s fat-fighting defenses, which is a 36. (discover) that could have a potential effect in the battle against obesity and diabetes. In a study, researchers said that coffee may help stimulate our brown fat reserves, 37. plays a key role in how quickly we can burn calories.
There are two forms of fat cells, brown cells and white cells, and each 38. (play) a different role in our body. While brown cells help generate heat, white cells take responsibility 39. the storage of fat or energy.
“Brown fat works 40. (different) from other fat in your body and produces heat by 41. (burn) sugar and fat, often in response to cold,” said Professor Michael Symonds. “Increasing 42. (it) activity improves blood sugar control, and the extra calories burnt help with weight loss. However, until now, no one has found an 43. (accept) way to stimulate its activity in humans.
“We are now trying to find out 44. there’s another component helping with the activation of brown fat, besides caffeine.” Symonds said, “Once we have confirmed which component is responsible for this, it could potentially be used as part of a weight-management method or regulation program 45. (help) prevent diabetes.”
【答案】
36.discovery
37.which
38.plays
39.for
40.differently
41.burning
42.its
43.a(chǎn)cceptable
44.if/whether
45.to help
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項新的研究:喝咖啡可以激活身體的抗脂肪防御系統(tǒng),咖啡可能有助于刺激身體里的棕色脂肪儲備,從而促進卡路里的燃燒。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對對抗肥胖和糖尿病有潛在作用。
36.考查名詞。句意:喝咖啡可以激活身體的抗脂肪防御系統(tǒng),這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能對對抗肥胖和糖尿病有潛在作用。根據(jù)空前不定冠詞“a”可知,所填空應是名詞。“discover”,動詞,意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,其名詞形式為“discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))”,可數(shù)名詞,由冠詞a可知應用其單數(shù)形式。故填discovery。
37.考查非限制性定語從句引導詞。句意:在一項研究中,研究人員表示,咖啡可能有助于刺激我們的棕色脂肪儲備,而棕色脂肪對我們?nèi)紵防锏乃俣绕鹬P鍵作用。分析可知,“__2___ plays a key role in how quickly we can burn calories”為非限制性定語從句,修飾之前名詞“brown fat(棕色脂肪)”,先行詞在從句中作主語,應用關系代詞which。故填which。
38.考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意:脂肪細胞有兩種形式,棕色細胞和白色細胞,它們在我們的身體中扮演著不同的角色。分析可知,所填動詞應是句子“each ___3___ (play) a different role in our body”中的謂語動詞,結(jié)合前文動詞“are”可知,應是一般現(xiàn)在時,主語“each”為第三人稱單數(shù),動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填plays。
39.考查介詞和固定短語。句意:棕色細胞幫助產(chǎn)生熱量,而白色細胞負責儲存脂肪或能量?!皌ake responsibility for sth”,固定短語,意為“對……負責”。故填for。
40.考查副詞。句意:“棕色脂肪的工作原理不同于你體內(nèi)的其他脂肪,它通過燃燒糖和脂肪來產(chǎn)生熱量,通常是對寒冷的反應,”邁克爾·西蒙茲教授說。分析可知,所填空應是副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞“works”?!癲ifferent”,形容詞,意為“不同的”,其副詞形式為“differently(不同地)”。故填differently。
41.考查動名詞。句意:“棕色脂肪的工作原理不同于你體內(nèi)的其他脂肪,它通過燃燒糖和脂肪來產(chǎn)生熱量,通常是對寒冷的反應,”邁克爾·西蒙茲教授說。分析可知,空前“by”為介詞,意為“憑借;通過”,所填空應是動名詞作賓語。“by doing sth”,意為“通過做某事的方式”。故填burning。
42.考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意:增加它的活動可以改善血糖控制,燃燒的額外熱量有助于減肥。分析可知,空后“activity(活動)”為名詞,所填空應是形容詞性物主代詞作其定語。故填its。
43.考查形容詞。句意:然而,到目前為止,還沒有人找到一種可接受的方法來刺激它在人體中的活動。分析可知,空后“way”為名詞,所填空應是形容詞作其定語?!癮ccept”,動詞,意為“接受”,其形容詞形式為“acceptable(可接受的)”。故填acceptable。
44.考查賓語從句引導詞。句意:“我們現(xiàn)在正試圖找出除了咖啡因之外,是否還有其他成分有助于激活棕色脂肪。”分析可知,“___9 ___ there’s another component helping with the activation of brown fat, besides caffeine”為之前動詞短語“find out”的賓語從句。從句中句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,結(jié)合動詞短語“find out”意為“查明;弄清楚”含義,從句應表達“是否”含義,應用if/whether引導從句。故填if/whether。
45.考查動詞不定式。句意:西蒙茲說:“一旦我們確定了是哪一種成分導致了這種情況,它就有可能被用作體重管理方法或控制計劃的一部分,以幫助預防糖尿病?!狈治隹芍?,句子已有謂語“could be used”,所填動詞應是目的狀語,應用動詞不定式形式。故填to help。
二、(福建省龍巖市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢)用單詞的適當形式完成短文
The UAE Embassy to the People's Republic of China joined with Hala China and China Fashion Association to support the showcasing of 56. (emerge) local fashion talents from across the UAE at Emirati Fashion Days 2021.
This novel event will bring the57.(good) UAE traditional and modern fashion designers and fashion houses to Chinese audiences keen to see unique designs and Emirati styles. 58. (participant) from across the UAE are joining Emirati Fashion Days through a combination of live-streaming and video-led brand content from short video platforms, 59. a perfect opportunity is provided for Chinese people 60. (see) the most sparkling sides in Emirati traditional fashion and also modern designs, expertise, resources and 61. (creative), as the UAE Embassy states. He 62. (insist) the UAE is a great believer and stakeholder in open globalized trade through the Belt and Road Initiative and that Emirati Fashion Days 2021 will create exposure for style across both markets and further growth of both Chinese and Emirati fashion industries.
Emirati Fashion Days 2021 includes more than 10 home-grown UAE brands and will run for a week or so. And 63. means of this virtual event, sustainable e-commerce practices, short video platforms and 64. (advance) technologies will be adopted to present virtual fashion showcases, providing 65. safe and sustainable approach.
【答案】
56.emerging
57.best
58.Participants
59.where
60.to see
61.creativity
62.insists
63.by
64.a(chǎn)dvanced
65.a(chǎn)
【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。據(jù)阿聯(lián)酋駐華大使館介紹,2021年阿聯(lián)酋時尚日將為豐富阿中時尚交流創(chuàng)造機會。
56.考查非謂語動詞。句意:阿聯(lián)酋駐華大使館將攜手阿聯(lián)酋“擁抱中國”與中國服裝設計師協(xié)會,支持阿聯(lián)酋本土新興時裝人才參加2021年阿聯(lián)酋時尚日活動。此空所給動詞在介詞of后,應用動名詞形式,故填emerging。
57.考查形容詞最高級。句意:這項新穎的活動將呈現(xiàn)最好的阿聯(lián)酋傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代時裝設計師以及時裝商店給熱衷于欣賞獨特設計和阿聯(lián)酋風格的中國觀眾。此空修飾名詞designers和fashion houses,應用形容詞,且此空前有定冠詞the,并結(jié)合句意表示阿聯(lián)酋范圍內(nèi)最好的設計師和時裝店,所以用形容詞最高級,故填best。
58.考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:據(jù)阿聯(lián)酋大使館介紹,阿聯(lián)酋各地的參與者將通過短視頻平臺的直播和視頻引導品牌內(nèi)容相結(jié)合的方式加入阿聯(lián)酋時尚日,這為中國人民提供了品鑒阿聯(lián)酋傳統(tǒng)時尚與現(xiàn)代設計精粹、專長、資源以及創(chuàng)新的絕好機會。此空是句子主語,謂語are是復數(shù),所以主語用復數(shù)形式,故填Participants。
59.考查定語從句。句意:參見上題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知,此空引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞是short video platforms,表示的是抽象的地點,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以用關系副詞where引導,故填where。
60.考查非謂語動詞。句意:參見第3題。結(jié)合句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應用不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。
61.考查名詞。句意:參見第3題。此空和and前名詞并列,作see后賓語,應用名詞形式,且creativity表示“創(chuàng)新”是不可數(shù)名詞,故填creativity。
62.考查時態(tài)。句意:他堅持認為,阿聯(lián)酋是“一帶一路”倡議下全球化貿(mào)易的堅定信奉者和利益相關者。2021年阿聯(lián)酋時尚日將為豐富兩國的時尚交流以及中國和阿聯(lián)酋時裝品牌的進一步發(fā)展創(chuàng)造機會。此空是謂語動詞,根據(jù)句意,表示的是“他現(xiàn)在的看法”,應用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),且主語是第三人稱單數(shù),故填insists。
63.考查介詞。句意:通過這一虛擬活動,采用可持續(xù)的電子商務實踐、短視頻平臺和先進技術,以安全和可持續(xù)的方式,呈現(xiàn)虛擬時裝展示。by means of“借助于;憑借”,符合句意,故填by。
64.考查形容詞。句意:參見上題。此空修飾名詞technologies,形容詞advanced“先進的”符合要求,故填advanced。
65.考查冠詞。句意:參見第8題。此處泛指“一種安全且可持續(xù)的方式”,應用不定冠詞,safe以輔音音素開頭,故填a。
三、用單詞的適當形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Wuhan, 36. capital city of Central China's Hubei province, once hardest-hit by COVID-19, 37. (invite) medical workers and their relatives across China who had assisted with the fight against the epidemic to enjoy its cherry blossom season.
All A-level tourist 38. (spot) in the city offered free entry to medical workers, and Wuhan University, one of the best places in the city 39. (admire) cherry blossom, announced it would provide free exclusive visits for them from Saturday to Sunday. Exclusive activities including shows and performances 40. (hold) in the following three years. Data showed more than 21,000 medical workers, over 3,800 of 41. came from outside the city, registered online to visit the campus during the weekend. A total of 1,500 students and teachers of the university volunteered to provide services for them such as 42. (guide) tours.
43. the assistance of more than 42,000 medical workers across China, the epidemie in. Wuhan has been 44. (gradual) brought under control. Thanks to the devotion of these medical workers, the city regains its vitality through the 45. (arrive) of seasonal cherry bosoms.
【答案】
36.the
37.invited
38.spots
39.to admire
40.will be held
41.whom
42.guided
43.With
44.gradually
45.a(chǎn)rrival
【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述武漢市為感謝醫(yī)護人員在抗擊疫情中的努力,邀請全國各地協(xié)助抗擊疫情的醫(yī)護人員和家屬一起到武漢賞櫻花。
36.考查定冠詞。句意:中國中部湖北省的省會城市武漢,曾經(jīng)是疫情最嚴重的地區(qū),邀請全國各地協(xié)助抗擊疫情的醫(yī)護人員和家屬一起賞櫻花。此處特指“湖北省的省會城市”,應用定冠詞the。故填the。
37.考查時態(tài)。句意:中國中部湖北省的省會城市武漢,曾經(jīng)是疫情最嚴重的地區(qū),邀請全國各地協(xié)助抗擊疫情的醫(yī)護人員和家屬一起賞櫻花??仗幨侵^語動詞,根據(jù)句意,應用一般過去時,故填invited。
38.考查名詞復數(shù)。句意:武漢所有A級景區(qū)均對醫(yī)護人員免費開放,武漢大學——武漢賞櫻花的最佳去處之一——也宣布將在周六至周日為醫(yī)護人員提供免費專場參觀。spot是可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合空前的All可知,此處應用復數(shù)形式。故填spots。
39.考查非謂語動詞。句意:武漢所有A級景區(qū)均對醫(yī)護人員免費開放,武漢大學——武漢賞櫻花的最佳去處之一——也宣布將在周六至周日為醫(yī)護人員提供免費專場參觀。此處用動詞不定式作定語,修飾名詞places。故填to admire。
40.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:未來三年將舉辦包括演出和表演在內(nèi)的專屬活動。主語Exclusive activities和動詞hold之間是被動關系,且由“in the following three years”可知,此處應用一般將來時的被動語態(tài),故填will be held。
41.考查定語從句。句意:數(shù)據(jù)顯示,超過21000名醫(yī)務工作者,其中超過3800名來自外地,在網(wǎng)上注冊,在周末訪問校園。分析句子可知,此處是“介詞+關系詞”引導的非限制性定語從句,先行詞是workers,指人,關系詞在從句中作賓語,應用whom,故填whom。
42.考查非謂語動詞。句意:該校共有1500名師生志愿者為他們提供導游等服務??仗幾鞫ㄕZ修飾名詞tours,動詞guide和tours之間是被動關系,應用過去分詞表示被動。故填guided。
43.考查介詞。句意:在全國4.2萬多名醫(yī)護人員的協(xié)助下,武漢的疫情已逐漸得到控制。with the assistance of在……的協(xié)助下,是固定短語,首字母應大寫。故填With。
44.考查副詞。句意:在全國4.2萬多名醫(yī)護人員的協(xié)助下,武漢的疫情已逐漸得到控制??仗幮揎椫^語動詞,應用副詞形式,故填gradually。
45.考查名詞。句意:由于這些醫(yī)務工作者的努力,這座城市通過季節(jié)櫻花的到來重新煥發(fā)了活力??仗帒妹~作介詞through的賓語,故填arrival。
四、(福建漳州市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢)
The movie “Hi, Mom” 36. (bring)in more than 5 billion yuan at the box office since its release in early February. It is 37. (current)the second highest box-office film ever released in the country, and may vet overtake “Wolf Warrior 2”.
Written and directed by Jia Ling, the film 38. (adapt)from her comedy routine which explored her relationship with her mother, 39. died in an accident when Ms Jia was 19. At a time when many people were separated 40. their families, the themes of sorrow and filial piety(孝道)in “Hi, Mom” resonated(共鳴).
41. (compare)with Hollywood,the film's impressive box office is also 42. obvious reminder of the health of the industry in China. In the 43. (west)countries cinemas remain closed due to lockdown while in China between 50% and 75% of seats are available 44. (book). During the Spring Festival, Chinese cinemas made an estimated $ 1.5 billion in ticket sales—71%of takings at the American box office in all of 2020.
The success of “Hi, Mom” also shows the increasing 45. (popular)of domestic productions.
【答案】
36.has brought
37.currently
38.was adapted
39.who
40.from
41.Compared
42.a(chǎn)n
43.western
44.to book
45.popularity
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了電影《你好,李煥英》的成功。
36.考查時態(tài)。句意:電影《你好,李煥英》自2月初上映以來,票房收入已超過50億元。根據(jù)“since its release in early February.”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語The movie “Hi, Mom”為單數(shù),主謂一致,故填has brought。
37.考查副詞。句意:它是目前國內(nèi)票房第二高的電影,可能會超過《戰(zhàn)狼2》。句中用副詞作時間狀語。故填currently。
38.考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:這部電影由賈玲編劇和導演,改編自她的喜劇節(jié)目,講述了她與母親的關系。賈玲19歲時,母親死于一場事故。“explored”一詞表明陳述的是過去的事實,用一般過去時。主語the film與adapt之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)。故填was adapted。
39.考查定語從句。句意:這部電影由賈玲編劇和導演,改編自她的喜劇節(jié)目,講述了她與母親的關系。賈玲19歲時,母親死于一場事故。句中先行詞her mother,在非限制性定語從句中作主語,所以用關系代詞who引導。故填who。
40.考查介詞。句意:在那個許多人都與家人失散的年代,《你好,李煥英》中悲傷和孝道的主題引起了共鳴。be separated from和……分離開。故填from。
41.考查非謂語動詞。句意:與好萊塢相比,這部電影令人印象深刻的票房也明顯提醒了中國電影業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。分析可知,此處為非謂語,句中邏輯主語the film's impressive box office與compare之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞作狀語。故填Compared。
42.考查冠詞。句意:與好萊塢相比,這部電影令人印象深刻的票房也明顯提醒了中國電影業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。名詞reminder為可數(shù)名詞,泛指,且前形容詞obvious發(fā)音以元音音素開頭,所以用不定冠詞an。故填an。
43.考查形容詞。句意:在西方國家,電影院仍因封鎖而關閉,而在中國,50%至75%的座位仍可預訂。修飾名詞countries,前用形容詞形式。故填western。
44.考查非謂語動詞。句意:在西方國家,電影院仍因封鎖而關閉,而在中國,50%至75%的座位仍可預訂。sth be available to do某物可以得到/用來做……,不定式與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系,用主動表被動。故填to book。
45.考查名詞。句意:《你好,李煥英》的成功也顯示了國產(chǎn)電影的日益流行。形容詞increasing后接名詞形式,表抽象意義,不可數(shù),故填popularity。
五、(廣東省清遠市2021屆高三模擬)
Earth Day 36. (found) in 1970 as a day of education about environmental problems, and Earth Day 20 occurs on Wednesday, April 22—the holiday’s 50th anniversary. The holiday is now a global celebration that’s sometimes extended into Earth Week, a full seven days of 37. (event) focused on green living.
38. (elect) to the U.S. Senate(參議院)in 1962, Senator Gaylord Nelson was determined to convince the federal government that the planet was 39. risk. In 1969, Nelson developed the idea for Earth Day after 40. (inspire) by the anti-Vietnam War “teach-ins” that were taking place on college campuses around the United States.
Denis Hayes, a young activist 41. had served as student president at Stanford University, was selected as Earth Day’s national coordinator(協(xié)調(diào)者), and he worked with 42. army of student volunteers and several staff members from Nelson’s Senate office 43. (organize) the project.
The first Earth Day was effective at raising 44. (aware) about environmental problems and transforming public attitudes. Earth Day kicked off the “Environmental decade with a bang,” as Senator Nelson later put it. The theme of Earth Day 2020 is “climate action.” EarthDay.org hopes it will be the 45. (large) volunteer event in history.
【答案】
36.was founded
37.events
38.Elected
39.a(chǎn)t
40.being inspired
41.who/that
42.a(chǎn)n
43.to organize
44.a(chǎn)wareness
45.largest
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹地球日的由來。
36.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句中主語Earth Day與動詞found之間為被動關系,所以用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時間狀語in 1970可知用一般過去時。且主語是第三人稱單數(shù),故填was founded。
37.考查名詞的數(shù)。名詞event為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)a full seven days of可知用復數(shù)形式,表示“為期七天的活動”。故填events。
38.考查非謂語動詞。句中邏輯主語Senator Gaylord Nelson與elect之間為被動關系,所以用過去分詞作狀語。位于句首,注意首字母大寫。故填Elected。
39.考查介詞。短語at risk表示“處境危險,遭受危險”。故填at。
40.考查非謂語動詞。介詞after之后用v-ing形式。主語Nelson與inspire之間為被動關系,所以用動名詞的被動形式。故填being inspired。
41.考查定語從句。句中先行詞為a young activist,指人,在定語從句中作主語,所以用關系代詞who或者that。故填who/that。
42.考查冠詞。an army of一大批, 一大群。名詞army發(fā)音是以元音音素開頭,所以用不定冠詞an。故填an。
43.考查非謂語動詞。句中不定式作目的狀語。故填to organize。
44.考查名詞。動詞raise后接名詞形式作賓語。故填awareness。
45.考查形容詞最高級。句意:EarthDay.org 希望這將是歷史上規(guī)模最大的志愿者活動。根據(jù)句意可知,這里用形容詞最高級形式。故填largest。
六、(廣東省梅州市2021屆高三質(zhì)檢)
Just a mere fifteen years earlier, getting from one city to another left travelers with very few options. And now all of that has changed 36. (complete).
Taking a trip from Shanghai to Beijing? For those under the pressures of the clock, the 37.(quick) and most convenient mode of travel would be the plane. New airports 38. (spring) up in every major province, opening up access to regions of China,which 39.(leave) unexplored by previous foreign travels.
But if the price of planes is a bit high or if the fear of heights gets you down, 40. (take) a bullet train is a great option. The bullet railway is just barely longer 41. the plane trip and watching city and countryside views from the window is an experience in 42. (it).
And the options don't stop there. Why not take 43. wheel yourself? Nowadays car rental is easy and inexpensive. The newly paved roads are welcoming and GPS systems 44. (be) just as advanced as any international area. Take to the backroads and explore the different parts of the countryside, 45. have taken a significant jump in living standards.
【答案】
36.completely
37.quickest
38.have sprung
39.were/are left
40.taking
41.than
42.itself
43.the
44.a(chǎn)re
45.which
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了近年來中國交通的發(fā)展給旅游帶來了極大的便利,使得人們有更多出行的方式。
36.考查副詞。句意:現(xiàn)在,所有一切都已經(jīng)完全改變了。分析可知,此處應用副詞修飾動詞change。故填completely。
37.考查形容詞最高級。句意:對于那些承受著時間壓力的人來說,最快捷、最方便的旅行方式就是飛機。結(jié)合定冠詞the和下文的most convenient可知,此處應用形容詞的最高級作定語,修飾名詞詞組mode of travel。故填quickest。
38.考查時態(tài)。句意:每個主要省份都出現(xiàn)了新的機場,開放了通往中國那些因以往的外國旅行而未被開發(fā)的地區(qū)的通道。分析可知,設空處為主句謂語動詞;結(jié)合語境,此處指過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,應用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語new airports是復數(shù),助動詞應用have。故填have sprung。
39.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:每個主要省份都出現(xiàn)了新的機場,開放了通往中國那些以往未被國外旅行開發(fā)地區(qū)的通道。分析可知,設空處為定語從句的謂語動詞;結(jié)合語境可知,此處可指過去或現(xiàn)在未被開發(fā),故可用一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時,which指代先行詞regions,為復數(shù),且和leave之間為被動關系,故應用被動語態(tài)。故填were/are left。
40.考查非謂語動詞。句意:但如果飛機的價格有點高,或者恐高癥讓你情緒低落,乘動車是個不錯的選擇。分析可知,設空處為主句主語,故應用所給詞的動名詞形式。故填taking。
41.考查介詞。句意:動車比飛機旅行時間長,從窗口觀看城市和鄉(xiāng)村景色本身就是一種體驗。結(jié)合句意和上文的longer可知,此處應填介詞than“比”來表達動車和飛機旅程的對比。故填than。
42.考查代詞。句意:動車比飛機旅行時間長,從窗口觀看城市和鄉(xiāng)村景色本身就是一種體驗。根據(jù)句意可知,此處為固定短語in itself“本質(zhì)上,就其本身而言”。故填itself。
43.考查冠詞。句意:為什么不自己開車呢?此處為固定短語take the wheel“開車”。故填the。
44.考查主謂一致。句意:新鋪設的道路很受歡迎,GPS系統(tǒng)和任何國際地區(qū)一樣先進。分析可知,此處為and并列句的謂語動詞,結(jié)合語境和上文的are可知為一般現(xiàn)在時,主語GPS systems為復數(shù),be動詞應用are。故填are。
45.考查定語從句。句意:走偏僻的路、探索農(nóng)村的不同地區(qū),這讓那里的生活水平有了很大的提高。分析可知,設空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前面的整個句子,關系詞代替它在從句中充當主語,應用關系代詞which,that不能引導非限制性定語從句。故填which。
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